REPORT ON DTS-I TECHNOLOGY

ABSTRACT
The latest trend of new generation bikes and cars is to use new
technology and high speed. It has become a fashion for the people
especially living in urban areas to ride such vehicles. Now the
companies even want to launch such vehicles that attract the
younger generation. This can be achieved by technology known as
DTS-i (digital twin spark ignition) system which combines
strong performance and fuel efficiency. The improved engine
efficiency modes have also resulted in lower fuel consumption. DTS-I
systems meet the Government of India’s emission norms
for 2005 right. Spark ignition is one of the most vital systems of an
petrol engine. Any variation in the spark timing and number of sparks
per minute affects the engine performance severely. Thus a good
control of system parameters becomes most essential for optimum
performance of an engine. Due to Digital Twin Spark Ignition System
it is possible to combine strong performance and higher fuel
efficiency. DTS-i offers many advantages over conventional
mechanical spark ignition system.
 INTRODUCTION
It is very interesting to know about complete combustion in
automobile engineering, because in actual practice, perfect
combustion is not at all possible due to various losses in the
combustion chamber as well as design of the internal combustion
engine. Moreover the process of burning of the fuel is also not
instantaneous. However an alternate solution to it is by making the
combustion of fuel as fast as possible. This can be done by using two
spark plugs which spark alternatively at a certain time interval so as
increase the diameter of the flame & burn the fuel instantaneously.
This system is called DTSI (Digital Twin Spark Ignition system). In this
system, due to twin sparks, combustion will be complete. However
twin sparks are produced at 20,000 Volts.

CONSTRUCTION
Digital spark technology is currently used in Bajaj motor cycles in
India. Digital twin spark ignition technology powered engine has two
spark plugs. It is located at opposite sides of combustion chamber
head. This DTS-I technology will have greater combustion rate
because of twin spark plug located around it. The engine combust
the fuel at double rate than normal. This enhances both engine life
and fuel efficiency. It is mapped by the digital electronic control box
which also handles fuel ignition and valve timing.
A microprocessor continuously senses speed and load of the engine
and respond by altering the ignition timing there by optimizing
power and fuel economy.

How Does It Works ?

Digital Twin Spark ignition engine has two Spark plugs located at
opposite ends of the combustion chamber and hence fast and
efficient combustion is obtained. The benefits of this efficient
combustion process can be felt in terms of better fuel efficiency and
lower emissions. The ignition system on the Twin spark is a digital
system with static spark advance and no moving parts subject to
wear. It is mapped by the integrated digital electronic control box
which also handles fuel injection and valve timing. It features two
plugs per cylinder.

This innovative solution, also entailing a special configuration of the

hemispherical combustion chambers and piston heads, ensures a
fast, wide flame front when the air-fuel mixture is ignited, and
therefore less ignition advance, enabling, moreover, relatively lean
mixtures to be used. This technology provides a combination of the
light weight and twice the power offered by two-stroke engines with
a significant power boost, i.e. a considerable "power-to-weight ratio"
compared to quite a few four-stroke engines.

Moreover, such a system can adjust idling speed & even cuts off fuel
feed when the accelerator pedal is released, and meters the
enrichment of the air-fuel mixture for cold starting and accelerating
purposes; if necessary, it also prevents the upper rev limit from being
exceeded. At low revs, the over boost is mostly used when
overtaking, and this is why it cuts out automatically. At higher speeds
the over boost will enhance full power delivery and will stay on as
long as the driver exercises maximum pressure on the accelerator.
 Why it is called “Digital”…?
It is called “Digital” because it has some intelligent device that
controls the fuel supply according to the varying loads. That so
wanted intelligent device is nothing but the Electronic Control Unit
(ECU). The Electronic Control Unit is a microprocessor based system
and can be regarded as the brain of the fuel injection system and
spark timing.

It processes information sent by various sensors and instantly

determines optimum fueling and spark timing for various engine-
operating conditions.

Main Characteristics
 Digital electronic ignition with two plugs per cylinder and two
ignition distributors.
 Twin overhead cams with camshaft timing variation.
 Injection fuel feed with integrated electronic twin spark
ignition.
 A high specific power.
 Compact design and Superior balance.
 Advantages of DTS-i Engine
 Less vibrations and noise.

 Long life of the engine parts such as piston rings and valve
stem.

 Decrease in the specific fuel consumption.

 No overheating.

 Increase the Thermal Efficiency of the Engine & even bear high
loads on it.

 Better starting of engine even in winter season & cold climatic

conditions or at very low temperatures because of increased
Compression ratio.

Disadvantages of DTS-i Engine

 There is high NOx (Nitrogen Oxide) emission.

 If one spark plug get damaged then we have to replace both.

 The cost is relatively more

 You spend double the amount on spark plugs when it is time to

replace them.
  The engine tends to overheat and loose power at higher speeds
as compared to a single plug engine.

 In case the Engine is kept unused for a long time soiling of

spark plugs occur. Twin Spark system helps to reduce this
problem.

Applications
It uses in automotive engines. In India Bajaj has patented for dts-i
technology. At present platina, xcd125, 135, discover150, pulsar135,
150, 180, 200, 220 etc. are using the dts-I (digital twin spark ignition
system). Which means the petrol enters into the cylinder burns more
efficiently.
Hence the application of these technologies in the present day
automobiles will give the present generation what they want i.e.
power bikes with fuel efficiency. Since these technologies also
minimize the fuel consumption and harmful emission levels, they can
also be considered as one of the solutions for increasing fuel costs
and increasing effect of global warming.
The perfect Combustion in Internal Combustion engine is not
possible.
 Advancement of DTS-i Technology
Engine can be further tuned to deliver exhilarating performance or
exceptional mileage. The further advances of DTS-I technology are:

 Digital Twin Spark – Swirl Induction (DTS - Si)

 Digital Twin Spark – Fuel Injection (DTS - Fi)

Digital Twin Spark – Swirl Induction (DTS - Si)

The Swirl Induction concept, which is meant for producing higher
turbulence in the combustion chamber. Swirl Induction is nothing
but imparting a swirling motion to the fresh charge that enters the
combustion chamber. This can be done by making slight
modifications in the ports positioning of engine.

Need for Swirl Induction

When there is a sufficient or heavy load on the engine, the 4 – stroke

cycle completes at a faster rate resulting in the faster combustion
because of the twin sparks produced by the twin plugs.

But when there exists a lighter load on the engine, the 4 – stroke
cycle will not complete at a faster rate. Therefore even the
incorporation of twin spark plugs cannot aid the faster combustion
i.e. still a better rate of combustion can be achieved at lighter loads.
Combustion efficiency in lean Air-Fuel mixture conditions can be
further improved by generating high turbulence in the combustion
chamber.

Combustion chambers having low turbulence give rise to

propagation of a flame front, which is same as that of a gradually
expanding balloon. This results in a slower rate of combustion and
thus slower rate of pressure rise. End result is lower efficiency.

When high turbulence is generated and combustion takes place, the

surface of the ballooning flame front fragments itself, with projection
like fingers, which increases its surface area, thereby improving
combustion further.
 Digital Twin Spark – Fuel Injection (DTS - Fi)
DTS-Fi is another advancement of the parent DTS – i technology. This
technology is the combination of both DTS– i and fuel injection. This
technology is meant for increasing the fuel efficiency in power bikes

Need of fuel injection

Generally in conventional 4-stroke engines, which uses petrol as fuel,

makes use of carburetor, which mixes the fuel and fresh air in
required ratio and supplies the same to the combustion chamber.
The process is similar for all loads.

But the fuel consumption will be more when there is a heavy load on
the engine and it is less when there is a light load on the engine. It is
impossible for a conventional carburetor to take care of the fuel
supply for these varying loads.

There fore, there is a need for. some intelligent device that controls
the fuel supply according to the varying loads.

That so wanted intelligent device is nothing but the Electronic

Control Unit (ECU).

The Electronic Control Unit is a microprocessor based system and can

be regarded as the brain of the fuel injection system.
It processes information sent by various sensors and instantly
determines optimum fueling and spark timing for various engine-
operating conditions.

The ECU contains detailed information of the engine's characteristics

from which it picks the necessary data for commanding both fueling
& spark timing.

Advantages of DTS - Fi Technology

 Better low end torque.

 Lower fuel delivery and optimization of spark timing.

 Improved cold start, quick warm up and excellent response to

the sudden acceleration.

 Lower emission levels.

 Self detection and communication of fuel system

malfunctioning if any.
 References
http://automobiletechinfo.blogspot.in/2013/09/dtsi-digital-twin-
spark-ignition-system.html

https://www.quora.com/What-is-DTSI-Why-it-is-used-in-motor-bikes

http://dtsi-si-fi.blogspot.in/2012/03/dtsi-engine.html

http://www.academia.edu/9840164/DTSI_engine