YOSePSSSSFSSSVTTOTVOTVSEVHRDTVIFTVVVFVIIOD © porormerenes pom ge AR CRIME: Guest lecture for Panchami College for Lav Bangalore; 12th May 2012, NITE COL! suuee of white slr et 1s a wor ses etm, having very seks ana fae stamina chate ws sheers wally cringe or a of libtaemsrterpstann OF Jos, The magmas of white collar cris iy 0 9.5 dna hevomes unimaginahly colo sv cmp the combentiona erinic. The wo Bs lst ae monet the white els fam ferms of seta pict costs han ll the ect fas eines rng teri pt cther the terms offasses run ine thawsands of evens raps hs been demonst a { 19M2 Stock Seam oF Harsha Mehta abSatyan’s Ramalings Raja's meas ican aspect of this erime is thatthe perptraurs fe Hot oF the lwo its noreement agencies: is wade or indusiey specie. Uh is sy. all persons involved in that 1p of busin 58 indulge ini: the perpetraors ae isiked as heroes and they de aot lose their sl standing, 2 in conve ional erimes. This is perhaps the reson why several white collar ciminals ae reeidiviss end do not give up thei way of ex isk to invest cosecue a white ina, i cue ask forthe ‘vaventonal Taw enforcers o simply undeiaid the loses to fine charges and are fequently proven duc tothe high levels of patronage a white collar criminal enjoys Characteristics of white collar Crime: OW violates must creates mistust, creating social and individual disrepute and tinaly, 4 sorganization; 2 effects large numberof persons; 2 the damage is large and extensive, with many hidden, indirect vitims and the indice cost implications of white calla eximes are unfathomable; ‘© is detection is either late or rarely possible, due tothe dei se misinterpetation ofthe las, Further, the mltiude of laws relating to these types oF crimes offer opportunities for their sinerprttion. An is vewe py bythe politicians, nw enfcement agencies and a ell a the era bli, silt eauses harm. ‘ic oAravind Hob, Crmmoloy and Forse scence BERRMATAIANAFIRT GRADE COLLEGE, MYSORE. Page 3 white cotton crime. Tageskeela 24S aes] 2017. inal fe. Aboweall it isnot an easy I i i ij ; iSOSSSSOHAPP HPD D9 HH HOSHSBDVS SSPsSesevggs reNinn abay 8. 8 8 ourBOTT TVTEPESEPSTHHe VON OBZ TU TOU VTVVeEsS COLLAR CRIME: Guest lecture for Panchami College for Law, Bangalore: 12th May 2012, ‘ on thnks that he is dm what 6 ai his fnew basins, and nt somata ‘ns ae ot high socal sess. having wide nats anda privileged positon im dhe sony enioy the conidenge of the weit ad hve politic prtonage Depinthon — 438 |v hoe isa indus in which fia as surpassed the developed wes the itis the ldo 090494 OF Whe: Calle Crime tab ‘White Collar crimes. White collar erimes in Inia is aot i otal based on the theory propounded +s Po Sutherland but parally onthe concept by Prof. Hugh Bartow as “Crimes commited by i ple of lower sai in thee occupational states” nda White Collar crime means and ineludes manipulation of funds ar in stock exchanges or ensing or in financial statements oF a corporation or violations of lbour ‘pyright. patent laws ete which is mainly “job oriented” ie. which occurs during the tary by her boss will not constitute as ola rime, ile resorting to Sutherland it was very much advent that crimes commited by the people of igh Social Sttus* will amount 10 White Colla rine. But in India the sit ion is ctally erent tn India mostly White Collar crimes are comsmitted by the people of lower social ata in their occupational capacity (by Prof. Baslow) as adltrtion of milk by the mill-men, selling ated food by the shopkeeper, selling expited mecicine taking out few kilos of gas from the estnder and so on Dr Aravind, HoD,Crimiology and ors Science, SER R MANAJANA FIRST GRADE COLLEGE, MYSORE. PagetFOOSOSSSHSSSSOSHFSOSHSSPSVISPFHTTVVOVIIVIEE COLLAR CRIME: Guest lecture for Panchami College for Law, Bangalore: 12th May 2012, sully WWhité Catbr crimes segue an esl ple within the sve am th the snuoaducion of Es Bice peat Rajon the carer seventgs i t00K a Tong strive i the increasing tad of White Collar erin by giving tremendous poser Wo the the poliiins,the Baoaacra athe busines, These wll the pu hs fas cadministarive systenr in sueh manner sha it mumtared the baal stem of qua enerUpt society to eumpleteeorupte ne cea ite wesoting to White Collar ete it sen a8. par of that holy tio normaly used 10 Ad Tax avoidance oF violation of the | ycign Exchange regulations hy under invoicing of exports or by ver invoicing of impor a0 4 ireparable damay wit re 215i India were ns far behind in en to the society at arg. have mainly engaged themselves in hosfding, profiteering and black marketing oF the “tial commodities. Moreover sometimes for monetary ins they used to engage themselves rminent specifically 00 Indian waders for Blick Marketing of the essential commodities, eollieesng and Hoacding, Monopolies Inquiry Commission gave a graphic secount ofthat in the ving words as 16 hailly anyhorly in nin who has ont heen a victim of the practice of hoarding. «ring and profiteering. Whenever there isa slight shortage — even temporary — in any camer goods for which the demand is urgent and inelastic, almost every trader — it is ‘pethaps unnecessary fo se the qualification ‘almost’ conceals his stock and blindly tls the ‘urtomers that he has not got the commodity in stock." Dr BAravind, HoD, Criminology and Forensic Science, SALE MAHAJANA FIRST GRADE. GE MYSORE Page'sTOASBDBSPISOSSSSSSSSOSSSsFCSESTSsvVsseoesyvges.wT TTT TSVVTT TF OT SY UTD DFG GS@®Z® D®@@OBWN 1° COLLAR CRIME: Guest lecture for Panchami College for Law, Bangaiore; 12th May 2012, eo thee reseaney Peot Hh Haro ml Sutherlanl repsotellypofhted out that State ltr ume was mae dangerous than any anlinay set fame bese the a oes fs st ton White Collar eimes is probly ever tha the nancial ss rom ony: Ios. that ov uberis He wane very mth ako fimn their opinion thal they ware more “once the exenome Welle a : ing uth Orlend te Commet @ Crime, ‘ph cob os os While computing the a my of loss in lai it was estimated that the average loss per thet or Fnuslary isles than Ks, 8000! sais rated the same amounted to lakh is unknown, But on the ener x sibelement and Frauds of lakhs and mvlions of rupees are very much advent, Unto scholars ok the ler efact of loss happened from White Collar crimes very seriously as esting 9 them sithout economic stailty @ country cannot snd up and for proper ‘inetioning ofa state economic prosperity i very much necessary. According to V.R. Krishna lye, J. “economic offences often are subtle murders practised onthe sole oF tert econ So may be med ast “White Car 80 \ aot anno oe madsen ‘nese economic offences can devastate an entire community rather than robbing alone victim, conomie Offences” "ntrimpeet can last for years. stealing crucial services ora lifetime's savings through erimes wise to their victims, Subsequently thereaf:r Santhanam cornmitee was asked to report on the misdeeds ofthe ‘© tho coruption can be traced. Santhanam commie gave a graphic account of the misdeeds of lvsinessmen and industrialists in the following words :— \Arannd Hoy, Criminology andForensic cence SBR BMANAANA FIRST RADE FS RYSORE. Page[OMS RESOVDDOSHVPS HVS VPOYVTS SSO VB VFeODVITIOw!wT OTNTTCVMTV VHS VT TV EY Vw YOY YO 9-0 9-O-O-m il / "-COLLAR CRIME: Guest lecture for Panchami College for Law, Bangalore; 12th May 2012. sble of corrupting We a that bo tse willingness al cases eonrup is ound in alge mene i the 7 1d the commen esos Shana eommitce found tha daring 1988-1962, Hicenses wala a ills Wf rapes went ‘For wrongfully wid by nearly 70H ims though mistepresenaton, forgery or other "uchies oF the Exportmport contra egultin, |x 1: illegal accumulation of favcipn exchange thgh just one type of fra or Houle + invoicing of exports and over invoicing uf tports, — is caleulated to be estimated Rs. 40-50 cones every year, instances of embezzlement and fraud as provided by a report made by Vivian Bose vssion are — Notorious Dalmia-Jain and Munda case in which Toss amounted were ated at Rs, 35 ras cating with the investigation of Mundhra case, Mr, M. C. Chagla made following ‘udhra is flamboyant personality anda financial adventurer whose only ambition is to build 7.0 indastrial empire by dubious means.” ‘spite ofthe fat that a large numberof economic offences have been unearthed in our country ~ Jn the last ive years as Seeutes Scam, Havela Seam, Urea Seam, Sugar Seam, Banking Seam, ‘Communication Scam, Fodder eam, Slamp seam etc. andan effort from the government of 1U6,0.8.Aravind, HoD, Criminology and Forengic: " COLLEGE, MYSORE. SBR RMABAJANA FIRST GRADE Page?5993799208083 06806899935S3083 8898998899001ye PYUSVTOSYVTYVVYHMEVHTVIHVYVV Ie we wwe 'E.COLLAR CRIME: Guest lectuire for Panchami College for Law, Bangalore, 12Uh May 2012. nustuns Cnunisions as Vivian Bose Commission, Hash Lek Chi Commitee entars cannes the Weep Seandal. Raley eseruption Inquiry Com shasivam ommitee emt. 8. R. Ray Commission af Inuies. Si Dax Commision. samy more in whieh housands Gsm meES ese involved. errs ha. ee evita se sally amy remedies Wr cur these m Imactices a the advent of ur Welfare sate? Why those obligations impose un the tate t achieve the status of wel state ate not implemented popeiy? ietionsimpoced a she wsenership and the di swear fom the ‘ving provisions of our Indian Constitution he sate shall in pati direc ts pliey towards securing thatthe ownership and contol of {ie material resources of the community are so distributed a best to sub serve the common that the operation of the economic system does not resul in the concentration of wealth stad means of production ta the common detriment Yes of white 5: There ae several Iypes of crmes within this broad nomenc ature. wy ate also refered to as economic offences, as they are primarily a non-physical type of ‘rime that hom the economic interests ofthe victims, The variations from the Sutherlndi ‘ov tll date are vast; complex issues have emerged withthe advent of technology and also law, "he techno-Iegal interventions have brought together the professional criminals o professionals various felis into the folds of white collar ertmes that in tam have become @ part of the ‘organised erime syndicates. Therefore, the nature ofthe eximinal pattems have simply lost their ‘demarcation or the diferences have become leser distinguishable. Hence, White Collar Cimes ‘may be divided into Occupational Crime and Organizational Crime. The chet types of white :GBaravind, HOD, DV LEGE, MYSORE. imology and Forensic Science, {8 RRMANAJANA FIRST GRADE PageHOTS OSOSSSSSSeseSSCSHSSTPSEv seve seseoevuos.YD 1 WY OH IO URI RU LEP EE ET BE OO YY SY YO OT eo WHITE COLLAR CRIME: Guest lecture for Panchami College fer Law, Bangalore; 12th May 2012 ee as racketeering, Shs late some af hese pes 1a other ais ane Roo I.onurhatine, his iv the oldest He oF Mle sake potie, where Tete wk, tha “cw wner someone fr either he RUNGE OF Hee sae, woul sik, usually at much higher than the proxi ives: Grill Mth Dos Facamy gpa a hs wa Dra sl trade patie. whore demand is ately created $0 that prices oF «comity can be increased, 0 simply 1 Facilitate black marketcering eit Figur Looting Ave the manufacture, isrbution and sate of ig: Te eal importation o exportion of ny produ ee Fcking: Smuggling in human ben Fanon Tre postion wade fed by human talicking, pay. Kt is usualy regulated by an organised crime syndicate. ;Aduleration the minture of any food or civic commodity with any illegitimate substance, Nfowever hanes, is ermed as an adulerant, Orgnised prous of individuals regulary indulge 1 fala ranseton: ithe llegl trade in foci exchange ‘Av Money laundering) most of the money obsined by egal activites is put imo legitimate tnsinees, Profits of eime or legal and legitimate doling of persons in power are usually subjected to this. 1 icy, copyright and patent violation: INEe have aed significance inthe er of ncaa ‘Property Rights. Any eg! copy of #CoPyighedorpoened prod is termed as pir andi subjected to purview under various acts, Criminal syndicates thrive inthe iit copies of ‘movies, publications, software et ogy avd Forensic Science, SBRR MAHAJANA FIRST GRADE. ‘re BaAravind, Ho, cri COLLEGE, MYSORE. Page 9SOCHSSSSOSISVOSSHVSO HSH STC OTSVSVSGTgaaa'"9R9eEeewvTZTVZ VB VSO" ® ® ® ® > ® ® ® B B ® ® ® ® ® ® ® 8 8 STE COLLAR CRIME: Guest lecture for Panchami College for Law Bangalore; 12th May 2012. Tovcmage a ator pater of activity ae the pgpose yo dt Ban o isbsckmall.— demand! for mone wader theca aks Bodily haem, ine propels oF a0 Cellular Phone Ee = Vaudeied ome oe suming oF manip ws ellie phone oveedtement— When a persis who lass been ened with the money oF propety >npeopises i for or her osm pe is} Covmterfeiting — Copies or imitates a item sith sing been authoczed 0 oso. When person passes false or worthless instruments such as chee or counterfeit ssctity with intent to defraud (9) Fax Bvasion.— Frequently used ty the middle class to have extra-unaesounted money JeF Professional erime— Crimes eommitied by medical practioner, lawyers in course of their Occupation ‘ery.— When money, goods, services or any information is offered with itent i ituence th setions, opinions and decisions a the take, constitutes bribery. (2) Corruption by the Bureaucracy: 4%) Political Corruption Other forms of white collar ermes that do not fll under the above purview and may be comnmitted singly or that are trade er industey specific are: Corruption, Nepotism, Cheating, Frauds, tax evasion, ee [Dr aravind Hot Criminology and Farorare Sconce, S BRR MANAJANA FIRST GRADE Ge, MYSORE. Page 10‘@SSSSSoOOeSseSs Sees SSoseoeoeeengg0g:6 0 IOMIVE CoLLne CRI mes [Pesvsenyep conse PE vince) : 1 ~ JuiroduetIon ~ 7a “THe Conck PT OF HITE COLLAR (Rim, (Jo eoarecousne cones SYNOPSES 1. DNTRoDUCTIOW EsToREEAL BACKGROUND in ada = devalepmet White Glas Cai () Saeitnann Grants 2G FRE Government, of Socks ‘the Preven = Gray bon : i) Laws Conamdvion g Go) Vovin Bote Conseriion Sypone | Be Emrmation om DERINIT20N OF LOMETE COLLAR CRIMES es 5, FDELDS of LSHETE-coLiAR Goronaning, BACK MARAE TING AND ADULTERR nt @ Thx Evasion iy mented PROFESS L Gr Esveriutening W) LEGAL PROFESSTo~ ©) Educational Arstitubion (vit) Busine leads (ty Canute elated 6. REMEDEAL MEASURES To Con BAT OR PREvEniT ena LOHLTTE coLtMe cee 4, ConeLuszay® =) 4, Amst Rove Tow oe eee fourd of plade in Oumwnolagy po es yt, tohin Sthortend publubud fax nocore pyre while Collen Couminality in Om Hose oo iat Gublealand an Aronian unst 2 a pion and develapeok urns be white Gls Cuma Unelelapick Gourde" uaintein Boe UY Ay => 2. HisToereat_BACKGROUN? ‘pibak: Monsae’. Defe & by eotich woah Atal ney on Sin oerled tek 4 fx the. goat time in IPP, inkilied te & Cimnal oop by efatesin Co Hill” bese Oe tsinoboral OG rreverbion ancl Aapsion 9 Cure ok London x ee ed high teat Come '~ the Gounte of OU pn” mutt be beovg hh pilin Oe | cakagany YON Fra ore eae 2 a Bie yooh Ht 4 jn Che. “Redeon— pp obits, Co lie Crimtvalafy : ‘Pouolagioal Ravin” i ere @ Or Br @r Br @o6e@ Ge OG [email protected]@8282E686080 @ ‘» : Hey Sidberdand iol thak thule aygpes Lovnk Seas : ne Commibed by Lon prion fh pp F050: Cena , en ceudye 9g Br Cccapabion A batney violating LK pe buit, thane be hd 0s “i, lls Oven 0 pt Fusthe be pried unk hak Gitas crimes ode cana . fon Be Ble Gites Cans ® ey cattay Ct in dpetia ~ BaekGRoud and debe pret 2 se The eBnaten Gemmtine ee a peg Om e sotak pron “ne cabal, Gills (Hirt Committed by e portent epclabilly peach «1 Businehtten, ndustriotist, . sardactan, fypon od ale cash pale pier © seine et, Govern | ase Reporte Committion On Fe e jon — hie te @ —_prention connupl Aghlhe bes @ Lobate, Gollan Chri J Us deport cbtoved various, fells = © y Tow Baring on ouside ee i) Ghase- purshas . toy malpdacties ix Base Marval (iy) An admbnsbabin 9 Con ports : CO Monaplib oo yh e (eiy Undid fret invetuing es Qi hoanlng ea coecnany rblakmarkeking ancl Aolultorestion e@ ” Patan “4 Soot ff and pra prockins y 2x a Bad the Gonsrion 0 te Proarbion Gf Codvaspbion ctospadl i Crimat ithe fe ren) Chapt 3 Cohier Gallon Aims Yeas Laws Grarntvn otto ataind encckmenls elf tye dx 1963, Viva Bose, Gromit snap pan end Suggtited CF Insdhon Irotuan Perak Cocke. @ S raggeste y Special anc ragaileel t chalk Gy Pee ata the Ho ¥ we these. big Inde gy palate cam orp Porren’ ¢ shale Coad Coss incl bw» : é oe: 6 =D G Meantng_Pvd DeFInt tion of LOKITE COLLAR Rime’ . Ie According t bu. Se wel ~ “Cert, Coral by eens Of High Socal pero? come J may og naples ent Si 8 Octupaton ‘faye alish Recklew ~ “OPM Glan Crirat 8 a Atcarding && ——— s a oy barat voho one in sf 3 the sepraucts oe aad activitia 9 bare . fe debamin He | @ "SD various Kavos 06 tohibe Gllaa Crimes 1 Ameren . te Foaad tndeited by Busine mn im ULA . 2 Adulitrabion 3 ped and beg : . cee eolyerkiterent, . le Pal tn Mekal profitin . & sin by say in Ose : @SPHOVAVPSCSSSTSTVIVHSVPOUBE VE TYTVTVTYVI9 a @ 5] FIELDS OF HOHIIE Celene CRIME Zou Aertin che MIRKETIug AND ADULTERAT ry lian track & “Ta thite Gollan. Cxjma, tobith ode Conver te tne man teats ore Ronicing pryplsrg od block martadi aint com “Chadldlhe ond Mrdaje" rangle © Bofert tarda against 62" Moda it Delhi fm - ey Fe” engyetves °F) Malti trausend Crore Seen 9 Hanthad_ Mehiar bi wut berks Like Indian Bank ond Slam ine bencls a Ook 9 ce fey Me Hacte Montes. Bam Pr MBE abet by mest mind by Kate. Post fen Soma He Ads the Erneta by th. Psbemae prowl duck fen : ni Fost bxckhory wf COFEROSA 19HY, (Coo TE ae tg frat | Dsmugg los ond Breiyr Gachng. Moniprtatens Bet [ppoton 7 parogg]ie: Pr © Consumes “Probeckion Ack 1986 A) Noscotic. Drags and. Fe Shabana. Substances Ab- Far © Monepotia and Pade Rebrictie, Prackiealnnd) Act ae ’ = tant 6 boy board ied ts cliyplay 2SveIthienn| © 2x Lato he evesion Ig Moh Comnan cotlh Snflembial colsgore 4 pou yy clectost Gegentent, 2° 7 Mebuank tax port by neome, cen Ue He money if feck oh Traoleas, bustles men, @eGeocee tracten te tae poions iF only * posts yoes ints CNtusba bony qt * cs “Blok @ 7 dthecevesion Contin unohotecl $ 0 Reverse Considerable Lol Ceaaateee te Ke ik a Craig GHCRO6Ce = Cote bas In RK Gone Mf Union 9 Srcleéx = a cake Supra Gusk rphleh He wel yO frasol’s and Cxcenprtiog] feb AbY sod field a Ack oh te neon Shace Ml ata met Bearer Be: prain iederblon q the Ae Bob te many» 3 Rape, mentuan taken Of a te prot poe on ye For the Gok © Pert fuck Bbnceh Ae 6 Exsertinl Commeditis Ack- PES © Sadutel [Donlaet, ek AagelabePA-25! © Auponks 4 Cports[Cantraf] Aceh yaa Py @ forelgn Eachange igelabior) ‘ '@OGHCAGEREHKES. i PRE ESting ofténcls By Medical Pofetion incl: Heuanee

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Goren eet hi Seats Hyak iow Tribunal. by elatng te seenadleant Govanmant & Union vanalt Aihx BF Om stroke Tai fe 4 1-068-6.000008dod PEE TOFS SE FPO sree verses u ¥ chinety ry 4 vrs OFiam~ Dewzonee 1950, 0D Ayasend, 20 Eminent. Cvrk frvert tse, alec by Sudn be Hecormmrenih inepravineds A biyhn | tobynitted ts! Seppe in O° rd he cbvmtin fon the te Got eek ay Bia Soporte minutes, tegitlatades Ant Aelrntnis reese . These Con be clamped Urol LK main aruytion [bout 0% Grarrrareabiions Sectarianioms aspotuon £ f forestry] o4 flier F Various feanala bre Syported Orr Srolyparcbonce. ronal Standasoh docks worious ee Sercly betel on © OTe Dor Commit Ryont _ Predep . om ting Kaiten , he Hen chang Monta ; Jase te M6y~ Agere Jinn alto Cortont Charges dion wtte Levelt Byyentek ~ Commision ude. tired Chi Tustin Y ta. ire & nonty Connitian Cito find Karen tion, Bo bach ution LR-Dd oO be Pa Cole ben troughs Lew mikeae B for OY Orr pit fe becouse 9 As Lath Gok Relatives Mibu bite his alee eae eae ut Irtaat@ OY a eS Conti baeney, As Ke Guntirg Seached te fined Plage onal a ee Tea’: fyppontans [12 Ptvel Cancbidate] began thas @666C66' e & Celebsates, Teasgas Wily Mie rnd $6 obiynale Counting Agents fron Ke Guntig Centre, anol the Hehabte toot Annswnced , KAiton tons The isms Lrolnat be Lar Tin tas vested, Aa torte agitnthn oe Keaisen gy besten $ After he betoank, Fe Grbovery began oe fly 7 Ore and he Tithe Kainons ghetto : allegedly pore Se fe Geese aca @ [Ae beta te Aerts propirte pee f van fn @ Ba lane 9 Paofah) fo Hs Mkaly enol Kairont é fry ob pene ote Kaiser, bose Sant Surindl anal Guarsrar at Involenol fm recnay AYfOihs by fteaneng, rae Jalan pow Blaby 7 ony Fhe wife ~ i tom ols Stcome og Contieveny Bod te big oleak i Crema halls ~ Construebin op Matenints fotBeTvooVPPVeEOTseTOVE PTH VISVUVTPV VO VOPSF®E @ foe ; te Yor Meteo Le Gomi oy tayety edus cleibite PED (0 Loot nls Ka allugating 5 recdah Tustin « ee adus Shab : ae. 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Lenkin IRENE ENDER RANE deakin Commiarion. Repost + Jan 21 § Feb et, 1986 lip patiends ole 9 IT Hospital - + Poberks cdninptrad odulloatad Yycorck 19. she Cri Cause damages The Glycesol cose nut be used igdos tad ard net qos medina use, TR woos Luphlyed by 4 filypna phan “Fenolor wos acepled hy lenalir Chenmi Hee o eee ied tuotahien 6} Saveal gules, OF acceplange cp Tenolor + cKem- otek Lab bad okie given conn mifost assut doug’, euen 10s cuba 120% givan caishout Gay Condiuchrg ea oucysisity texki Cucen Mea dinatig Mh Bho) isentivad oe «Keston tty ae fo bduiniglaad cbcags 2 mc op Soli banned tn monudachods P yoomulaHors eifrchve feom 31 Dec 1992, & nd 1th nate eam 20 Sunt 19%3, Yet it war too wel © month e ce y ee ° Aa eR FO fooks ceed g = 2 g z : é : IR IRIRIR ISIE TRON RUE UC USI IRIRN IRIN oa PTs oesoesoeveoeesFOR > Food & Doss odosinimaken ©” “Juskee Lentin Commismion BL matananh Gourmet | © made eovor xoncned 120 Uiespes, weeeoeeiu . Commiztion upolinetort Rol Cetahendip bly manda = wrod oy ub -tandosd doups § FDA FOA, diagoonl Uielakon ca Yous in 2nwing i y adnistoval ‘indoafoune at tury Uoge bund Rufeoy nous ee ie es Cee jel Aquat In he iilness box) Tussice Said OF have mat shamelus wwilnen bafene but FOR taken ta che’ ® fobs er - Elon Someone elu. @ + 592 desmulahens Wew dound ty be eo Wo achen Aaken P4ace mmddyy oy whem Weu Ot es * Ipaq. Companies . apo "bag Confors fees + Summons ty tu Shh Qcuk y FDA te Acme G meleing cue evoked ne ss ex ponte * Gomoiaion 096.0.000606600ae P@SDSDOSOVOV OVERS T PVT VV 8 YO O-9-OM PAGE No, UNION ART Roto Neath uinialers _ipee mph retan! ta weal andor fours, OS pang OE 2 SKiuj? Rao ail nw, eho tft Pooniha Topse bua nay ASA URIRIRINIS ORISA IRANIAN IRB Oa ANNI © tative: bil s— peatte painiolr He has cancatid to dnonsfer onder peut Conny foner Sp,Dolas , &o out oa 28 Years In Pomisay ee ama wcsodatony offi x 3 joa P ceorking @ FOR aphoeuad punlity Cuno oe Rea AI Frrttig jupost wat tebtid on deg inteive Auorbly 60 3o| mexch sovonaaaa aval nina SOOM CSUResubb Oy Us Cee nce Comrnutien @ Bhai Carmrt werigned qeom peal beiloxe Pabnicohon @ -tapistahve hovsbly Poly eo Jord Hak “commision had Obauure Unpsigsissib™e cor ~ Rio a | © peslin Fee, ato ccourd Gor inpeacterg a minoler, eecnecbecedoctes © Setidont f MLAB , Opbopiten fe tultig Peo Joined panos. cee Oy Hone Gaikevsang ty Comcnctiong @ Nokiee oy breach oy Prin ad ©} Prinilege cons oaivcl agar! $ nm Costin a @ dina Qu Geom a MAN itu, ob kanoSvevvVTO FOV MF MUTE HHH EBD BewT Hw OY ew Faprihule § RESUME ON THE LENTIN COMMISSION REPORT The Lentin Commission perobed into the death of 14 vatients at J.J. Hospital, Bombay after being administered glycerol adulterated with diethy‘ene glycol In a painstaking effort over @ period 17 months, the Lentin Commission has succeeded in exposing the lexus between politicians, the Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) and the drug manufacturers How it All Started Between January 21 and Febr uary 17, 1385, 14 patients died in J.J. Hospital of cute renal failure. Ail of then were Administered adulterated glycerol which contained 18.5% diethylene Glycol (even 1% diethylene glycol can cause damage). This adulterated glycerol which was meant for industrial and not medicinal was supptied by Alpana Pharma, whose tender to supply glyceriol had deen accepted by the tender Commitee. in gross iolation of sevea! rules of acceptance of tender. In addition, Chem-med Lab had given a quality control ‘eport stating the drug to be of standard quality without even conducting the requisite tests. And finally at the J.J. Hospital even when the killer drug was more or less identified, the drug continued to be acirminstered due to negligence of tite The one man Justice Lettin Commi 1e Maharashira Government to prope ints :The Commission iif muinerabie files stringently cross examined 120 witnesses and came up with facts that presented a horrifying picture of the health system : FDA Neon peed and Deutas ( Adsetaietrakon The FDA@s Functioning The Commission exposed the understanding between manufacturers of sub-standard drugs and the upper echelons of the FDA. The protection these manufacturers received from FDA, the flagrant violation of laws in issuing licenses, deferring prosecution of errant manufacturers and ministerial interference at every stage The Commission slapped perjury notices against four persons. including two former health ministers for failing to tell the truth in the witness bo: p had this to say about the several witnesses. “! have met shameless witnesses before but the FDA takes the cake." He also added that never in his experience of 14 years at the High Court Bench and 7 years in the Civil Courthad he coms across any case where barring a few exceptions, witness after witness came determined to “suppress the truth and pile the blame on someone else Some startling fact it were revealed in the course of the hearing - een January and September @86, 582 formulations were found to be substandard with hardly any actiun: iaken against the offenders, inany of whom were the “repuied" big compani 1@SCSSASSAZESEEGESESSSCOOSCECHSEEOESEECECE SSIDO BOD DH, * PCA 298 OOOO O BO w-womK fovxveveuowee Srought to set things right ai the FDA. Shalinitai Patil enother former Health Minister was criticized for her role © cancelling the transfer orders of Asst. Commissioner MM. Dolas, who spent 20 out of 28 years in Bombay when transfers are mandatory after every 3 years ihe working of FDA approved Quality Control Labs The working of FDA approved laboratory like Chem-Med and Apex (the latter issued a clean chit for manmitol supplied to J.J. Hospital which subsequently was found io be substandard.) was another scandal. The Commission exposed both laboratories were quilty of suing bogus repars-Chenm-vied had four or five vious violations and by law should rave been shut, long ago. But it continuéd to flourish under FDA protection Chem-Med@s, owner explained in Court that wining and dining of FDA officials and giving them resents we tine. eS paeaell The Report and Afterwards, The report was finally tabled in the Legislative Assembly on March 30 after a High Court direction to the government. This put an end to the Governments dilly - dallying regarding tabling the reper. As an outcome of the Commission, some people may be punished and some cosmetic changes made. Unless major overhauling takes place, all the efforts would be wasted The findings of the Commission wre unpalatable in certain quarters. Bhai Sawant resiaend from. the government three weeks before publication of the : 47 O+ - 300 formulations were found fo be substandard between Feb @87; and July @87, bul they continued to be sold: ® ~~ 20% of drug samples drawn were found to be ie substandard and yet follow up action on the part H of FDA had been almost non-existent. Oo ._ - Several summons to the State Government and FDA to produce a missing file evoked no response. When a newspaper reporter finally unearthed the file, it contained evidence of FDA manipultions to pass a drug formulation manufactured by Glindia (formerly Glaxo Laboratories) which was not of standard quality The Role of Health Ministers About Health Ministers, Justice enti. had this to say, “They have encouraged corruption, faveuritsm, delit violation intentionally and knowingly performed with a ‘view to confer favours, ministerial largesse in the torm of \sfers and postings of choice undeserved promotions of FDA officers anc concessions, cancellations of stringent orders or withholding of mandatory prosecutions of accoriance with the provision of the Act against the licenses viz Manufactureis and repackers etc. "Former Health Ministes Baliram Hiray and Govine Sarnayak, present health Minister Bhai Sawant, former Chief Minister Shivji Rao Patil Nilangekar. wer all tauled efore the Commission for their interference ir the working of the FDA, Pramila Tople, another former health Minister was hauled foi her role in transferring Commissioner NC Venkatachalam, an upright whe had been . 3 OSVNSSCSESSSSCHSOSOSSHOSSSCSSCSCESEESE OS EGMEOO 6 POT SOS CLE ww OF Ww ROBIE Ow L9I9 IIT LR ‘ndings saying, the Commissinn has drawn permissible conclusions. He also accused it of peaching a minister and of being predetermined to fird all guilty, in a unique show of solidarity MLA@s from the ‘spposition and the ruling parly have joined hands, in criticising the Commission@s findings regrding the -iiticians role in the whole affair. A notice of breach of niivilege was raised against Justice Lentin by an position MLA. All these point as an effort to shift attention from the main issue at hand. The rot which has et in the public health care system and drugs ‘ministration. What the Lentin Commission has been abie to In short what the Lentin Commission has exposed is well summed up in the foreward of its report, which says, “These pages describe and illustrate the ugly ‘acets of the human mind and human nature, projecting errors of judgement misuse of ministerial power and authority, apathy towrds 1 iif, corruption, Nexus and quid pro lous license holders. “analytical “laboratories fre the industries department Controlling the award of rate contracis. anufacturers, traders, merchants, suppliers. the Food nd Drugs Administration and’ pérsonsholaing inisterial c aGERe = telab = tui euidance Eneuse f Pe fobs vay = Tawra eo Sagning tel Covtib 19&. Uding Aqua Cos hbi aut basen fe be ; oor > cad emismion bo Give ifpmahen nq optente by BAPE {ound ye intern medical Dewan D Meant “4 : mralprach@ . 2 tnatenos ¢} raatical ~ ral pow 2 Bunden q Pavel 4) Dodnine Res Arpa Aopwiter < peckical dautant€ QO Sines 9 @ Contr @ Ce se -¥- “Thsinbale ® pasion wabical Axkoc’akon Vg chontha D dace phan -v-~ Soy»? ®: 1 an he Edram cane ISOSSKSSSTSHASSEECHMRSSCROOROZOGGHHBEEEae {NTT TIMEDICAL. PRACTICE. -& CRIME. UNDER WHIT COLLAR CRIMEMal practice 2 p B . hi TF rhe ful Sndet medial Sones mupracice is the wrongl-and improper prsice in B edicine or atsgnce of reasonable care ard stil ee also includes the willl or i BMesonal gle of patient ra mete pr es i the fatty Feeney jes, pat or ne ee expression plese te seve apt eo ig oe B cumstances will wot do. “Negligence” actionable bath sae a laws. but where negligence iss essential ingredient ofthe offence THeaee hese i B setusredy the pose must beclpe oy pas anh a rape tam ert jucgment @ wnan erro jg e ®B S ® S ® Syed bars Stateo Karnataka AIR 1679 Se 1843, Criminal Malpractice: Criminal malpractice occur, when » doctor during Seats the previsons of penal law and subject himself to preseegins Yo ne sated or toa complnint are by We conzetned party. The circumstances i the course of management of @ 4, Doctor i ta repor all cases of violence coming to his knowlege, in which the fammisson of criminal acts suspected. If he fails to abide by this prone rine Jaw, he wil be lable og pupishment under See 202 TPC, binheatic Bmintien tp give infesralien o7-oF ee wp pata: £3 of ridge characteristics acrid . weer wilful falsfies o birth or death certificate or prepares a fraudulent gBdavi for any purpese or willfully attempts to conceal the nature ofa caer @ ming hin hb er criminal proceeding, Qaveg cestiticat © inthe ent oft deh of ptt on an of ros eee, caress of found ignorance she durng. amination fase ea Ofer oat rugs or management oF surgery cates Teeny lle for persecution sexinst sont ofeavee eatin shied eget r imprisonment of too, —Gocee ragitzens, = Toggan Enan 1 “3 — ‘the provisions of section ~ 304-A, LP.C. and is punishable with @veas/fne orton e. ithe patient does not die bt suffers due to carelessness, Hgnorance of medical science as evidenced bya} The negligence and profound Preseription.of wrong oF eyes OF a5 to case les ® : ® : 2administration of gensral anesthesia, The Doctor's act amounts to medical ‘malpractice ‘When a Doctor uses his professional skill and capabilities for an legal act. for instafice, causing a criminal abortion and not a Therapeutic abortion orany act in relatiomto-wi abortion out side the scope of the medical termination of pregnancy Act 1972, he has indulged 0 the comniision of am ach, wich fs within the mischel of criminal malpractice Medical examination of a female_patient without her consent amounts to Fiminal malpractice and by way of precaution and safety against any charge oF “Mlegation of criminal malpractice accruing. (cesulting) Irom: this ype of negligence, the doctor should obtain the consent of the female patient or Wherguardian under certain circumstances, A male medical practitioner should examine a female patient in the presence of another female, Sec. 18 of the workmen’s compensation Rules, 1924 presents thi ——— Fesforming a profesional duty wer the Infenee of rugs oF ao ntxieantamount teanactofcrmnalmapaciee = chugs ov belouscawen Jystrative cases rts A tegstered homeopathic practitioner prescribed the administration of a ave of srscroniin tobe taken with» ea of Dhatur" in consumption of which the patent died, Shee ‘Dhaure” laf is 2 poisonous sbstanewhichdoes not conaints a part of Homeopathic medi, ie prescipion wien taeeahit Staying ts eft was bed amoung fos ah and nelgent ot pute oe AIRC gro Rn SutegE ME alRaats sey a69Cr Cy ‘a avivajs who was nota qualified Surgeon, cut the ternal piles of a patient by an ordinary knife is consetvance of which the patient died of bemorchage (fuse Heeling) The Rava} was ciced under sae So, AIPC for his rash and negligent act He pleaded forthe benelt of Sec: 88 Ofte IPC saying that wit he did was in good faith and he had obtained the consent ofthe patient and inthe past hid performed several operations ofsame type. His plea was unacceptable To the court. Su Karoo Kavieaj vs-Bmperor Lt (887) Case, Chil Malpractice: ~ Te question of civil negligence comes up when ‘patient or his relative claims compensation through a evil suit against the doctor J hospital for sufferings/injuries/ death consequent upon. the act ‘of commission and omission occuring during the course of tieatment. ‘Doctor institutes a civil suit for the recovery of his Cues from the patient of is relatives Wwho seluse Lo pay on some pretent or other Including professional negligence. A charge of professional negligenee emer under the following conditions; Pecan. nel Eee ADuly - where a duty of care and attention exists. He Detliction: where there derelition of duty derelict abandoned (Failing into Fun) gua UI Direct Causation — When damage or injury has been caused to the patient on account of faluce to exercise de care and atentionPOPSOSSCSSTCVCCSCTCTVSTESVEVEVUVTYHVD WDamage - when damage has been caused / claimed for Cihe Toss thus sistained. Itt the presumption of the law that a medica ractitioner wil Je care and skill in treatment of a patient even if fens frae-or his trestient fs beng do eh ina charitable stitution. Failure onthe pa ofa patient. to yay services charges or fees wil to tiie 2 doctor ora cine Irea the patient in a teggaa mane & general practitioner is expected tu use the average skill and Rrowleuge wht any Gihet general Medical —Prociifloner “at sicilar, qualification’ ond stature(greatness) in medical practice is expected to ceerise. Ile cannot be expected to exercise the sland expertine of specialist, A hone ‘ror of judgement is hagnosis is not negligence. The lnbliy t's eda vadlifioner is not unlimited. The standard of caré required of him is not an nsurer and guarantor of absolute recovery and safsty. He eanmol be held ‘able if something goes wrong unless the same is due to sheer negligence law requires that there should be exercise of professional skill and knowledge that belongs 10. the ordinary practitioner ‘hical M Violation of Ethics of medical practice in any form is ethical malpractice. No fine is imposed for it but it invokes the condemnation of the professionals in the field. In the event of a comphint, being lodged and facts being proved, the name ofthe Medical Practitioner will be removed from the rolls of the Medica. Registrar. The question of paymient of compensation Sases only when Tea Rrized uestion of civil ability along with ethical malpractice 2 DENYING THE GUILTY MIND : ACCOUNTING FOR sKVVOLVMENT INA WHIT COLLAR CRIME, uNIT-1 Introduction ‘White collar crime’ is a crime committed by persons of respectability and high social status, in course of their occupation A white collarcriminal be ongs to upper socio-economic class who. violates the criminal law while conducting his professional qualities. Thus misrepresentation through fraudulent advertisements, infringement of patents, copyrights and trade marks etc, are frequently resorted to by manufactures, industrialists and other persons of repute in course of their occupation with a view to earning huge profits. Definition: Crime committed by persons of respectability and high social status in course oftheir ccupation. (Sutherland)eg: Miss Representation through fraudulent advertisements, infringement of patents, copyrights and trademarks etc, are frequently resorted to by manufactures, industrialists and other persons of repite in ‘course of their occupation with a view to earning huge profs Whitecollar criminality are” + fabricated balance sheets and profit and loss accounts of businesses, passing of goods, concealment of defects in the commodity for sale ete, These white collar Crimes by their very nature are such that the injury or damage caused as a result of| ebeiabn8 8388822 28600000066G06H2HHR0% this is so wide diffused i ats lars only of society that their gravity in tegard to crag ct is ako nepigile is rufuble fo this een late these erimes did not attract much attention ay thee ‘lo tot carry with them in, lose of sore dant of the fender even ihe ts taht ov detected. Win ey ‘rime is burglaries separ Hhanathe ordinary erimen because the eco oe from Poa ate fobheristacenies ec. The most dismal spect of yee crimes is, them rg 8,09 fective programme forthe enforcement of gat against cerca, the influential persons inclved in thee crane a resist ‘enforcement of law against white therm deer tte represents the offenaes uf bisinessmen who are in a Position to GGtermine the folices and activities uf business ( Si Warten Reckless)Referring to wg pene OF e Upper word exime, Bornes and Teaess aoe eat Acton who, Fine une ts AST 1 eorrup and absolute poner ems to erney absolutely” The Shen ae tetwee criminal activity and immorality sn bisiacn government is Fae Ciel t discern. White collar crime tes bee Public apathy to it The reasons of public apathy ate 4, Such eriminal: operate with in the strict letter of the of their victims. gran eats involved are draged ou for year inthe cour, withthe seault the sravity of the offence is completely last in the oleae * The impact of white collar erime is so individual vetims are only marginally affect forgot al about it + The members of the community themselves Yatious white-collar crimes willingly or nnwalingh to public servants to get the work done quick, evasive price violations, rent ~ ceiling violation law and exploit the credibility puch diffused in the community that the ted by it and therefore, they conveniently Contribute to the commission of ly For instance, illegal gratifization black marketing in times of searerty ele The contributing ixtors for white-collar crimes: “ost pore ead tute grath through out the world has been the tocio™ economies tthe Wie Calor esimectcToe ieee Prosperity meses o-2FAhe sacety coupled with increase eT pros ‘Opportniies for white-collar cee a Teamnoith fet of Law Commission observed thatthe modern siete and tecnologia! devdopmcns on mane ee business world have Ted to Snormous increas in white-collar erimes4eThee one onteavention of regulacers meas ives tise to white-collar criminality( to ushered welfare activities that nisaated repay memes ah a government to contol meane of Production and dsiutionsoastosibsere te eee SMarshal B Clinard — the com, titive business community which tries to 25 thee val competitors node to ears hase Ses Tause of whiter Belonat criminals are enjoying relatively high socia. Randle ther cuits Mey belong toan influential group which is reece enough to 4 hand their occupation tactfully and persons afferted thet: hardly know that they Mem pts {etimized 7.Criminal law administrators: ey Judges beng. alls iene ge, Stata of the society, are generally sympathetic ees sn ~ collar criminals while dealing with then ?ne Religeous Broncos, by Bpolta \ s.tigious system is essentially’ normative, for all religions attempt to caer! control over their followers. This control extends, to thought, fecling, belief, and communication, as well as actual physical behavior. To chis end, elaborate sets of rules, customs, and ideals provide sroscriptive and prescriptive specification to wuide the conduct of relisious followers. These norms are attended by sanctions, both worldly ond ih the afterlife; in some instances, religious sanctions are reinforced by additional sanctions applied by family, government, or other institutional structures. As with all normative systems, violations occur. Such eventualities constitute deviance, and in some cases, crime. PPS WIQWOOSSHPSPESVS 8 SOHO SST TST OS 2 wy Few" 99608886 H9HHO95CHHSEHBHBSERB9SC9OTDH: aSQRSSSTS SSH SS SeY eH REO PY eEVeYH DIV sae the free encyclor ia ‘S-yami Nithyenanda - Wikipedi Swami Nithyananda ud (also Known a8 Paraaban bom I Janay 1978) ia sprit ‘aster mystic" andthe founder af Dhyanapeetan. a ‘sorldwide movement toe meditation, based in Kaka Thra Karr Vera (Open the dr od fer the bre in) plished in he els ieulted ai weeks nd det the pop spiritual healing processes Nthynanda Sani tssa ge Following isotherm ini 3 is snason hs branches in several counties. ineding ie USand Europ: is followers and ‘cusntances hive included 3 number of high profile pollicis suchas Narendra Mod the biel min ‘1 Gujrat!" and 8. Neddyurapes. the fore hie sister of Karak and famous actos fom the inant inde sch as Vivek Oberoi!" hi Catala Renji! n pi 2010, Dihguna wasarested alerting to ase bi inting rope. afer video or ximinal by sified showin him in compeomising “ith wean, ter cass Ht followed inclade ‘Page Lot | Paramahamsa Nthyananda ore Rajschscn Tiwana, Van Na, din ationsiy tian “Titesthonours 25" poi of the Madura Adicts, Lop 10 piri intent pope of 2012 Mahamandsessa of Nirvan Atta Founder of — Nihyasands Disanapetan Prisephy Advaita Veni Qvotation 1am not ecto tam God — A esa here> a hit yo fe GoTo rae es of defamation of Tamil ule and aes to insult Hinduism" June 2010 be was released on ‘il 2012, Swami Nithyananda was named by Watkins! Mind Bo Spirit masz ne as one oF the 100 ‘oe spiritually influential ving poople inthe world Contents ‘= 1 Biography 2 Teachings 3 Life Bis Foundation 1 4 Awardsand honours 5 Controversy 6 Works 7 Referenses ‘Sterna links ost huup/en ikipei.orewik’Swami_Nithyaranda annoi32999S SHHDSSHOSHSH9HHHHVSHHSISFERSHSVOOS!7 OD pe fee eee eee Nithyananda - Wikipedia, the free encyclo Page 2 of 6 graphy aida Ss born as Rajasckaran in Fay 1978! n the spiritual owen of Thicwannanal in 1 Nadu. According to unverified information gathered Figen the public domain, he Claims 10 have ‘imented with Yoga, Vedanta, Siddha, Tani and other sastem metaphysical concepts aught by his ‘ors Raxbupati Yoo!"! Kuppanmal, Annansalai Swami and others!" |i 2005 he began an ashram o spittual cent. Dhyanapeetam. in Bidod near the cit Ini the US branch med the Life iiss Foundation, headquartered ia Los Angeles oF Bengators in Teachings $ an Withyanands teachings are signed with he Adve seo of thought of Si Adi Shankara. He ms of living a confit ie He is known fr his spi suas sured! a has given Shiva Sutras Jain Sutras and the Bh schings on seripres such 35 the Brahma Sutras, Patanjais Yo wid Gia Life Bliss Foundation “on Nithysnanda has developed a range of meltaton courses. catering 1 a eross section oF people"! ‘ue teaches a his centes and in public progvanimes. He has followers across the word and runs 3 ber of asrams in India and abroad!" The mission claims wo run mere than 1000 spiritual centres woltemples swore wih the main ones being in Bidad, Thirayannamalai and Los Angles. Since 1%. Nithsnanda’s lowing has grown rapids. in in south fin and he US.) A the time of Ns tot, NDT speculated that head about ts sion Followers workside hile his website puts Uhismumber at ion! A ards and honours 1 1n 2007, he was elected ehainman ofthe Hindu University ‘of Ameria, also known asthe Inerational Vedic Hinds University. an institation i the US, state of Florida! 4 In 2012, Paramsaamsa Nithyanand featured in the Watkins list of the top 100 mos spiritually influential living peopl in he world! 2 In April 2012 appointed 293rd head of Malai Adhenan, tn October 2012 removed as head. 4 In Fah 2013 during the Matsa Kumh Meta, Sani With anda es hestowed the ile oF Mahamandeshar bythe Maha Nirvani Akhada ane ofthe oldest Akhada oF ‘sec of oly renuncates and one ofthe main organizers oF the Kumbh Mela This exclusive tiles given to those stints who are believed 1 have atained godly qualities! ’ ssrgfoiki‘Swami Nithyananda anon27739980809 89006909826800899898829888R59E0800'BOOHRTOHVVF SOR SPQ F STE XE SRVES Be VYEeDIAYI Jumi Nithyananda - Wikipedia, the free encyclo? ray wage sore, Controversy Swami Nityanans ane See alsa: Nitvanonl sex scandal ‘eo that clainied to show Nithyananada lugging and kissing a sari-clad wornan on his bed. llepedly 1am fim actress Ranjitha" was broadeas on the Tamil television channel Sun News on 2 March 1) Alice elease of the video, Bidadi police registred caus unde various IPC sections inching 276 (ape). 377 umateral sx), -1208 (eriminal conspiracy). 506 (thea 1 ie) and 420 (cheat ater cases tha followed inchs charses of ceFamtion of Tami culture and ets to inst Hind This incident also res in protests outside the ashram ding whieh a fie broke out. Wh Jnl stan by ther elo that he fil clip is orginal, NithyanandaDhyanapeetam’s website iss "the videos are morphed and defamatory in nature, On March 4, Nthyananda mde an aplieton si court in Chennai secking an injunetion blocking fer broadcasting ofthe video materiel sling summons for 49 days, Nthyanaal ws anested on April 21,2010 in Arkin Himachal "resh by Bangalore Police withthe help oF the poles of Himachal?! and the interrogation was done + Bangalore bythe CID ofthe Bangalore Police!°"'On 1 June 2010 Nithyananda was granted ail 1x as released from judicial custody afer $2 days in Ramanagaram subjal In October 2010.the ‘caver ofthe video sho worked as Nithyananda’s diversas charged by Bidadi police under several ‘ions of the IPC with aceustions of defaming Nithyananda through distributing the video #1 dost. in Jy 2011. Nihyanands's ashram filed a complaint against Sun TV Network. ebiming were the agents behind what the ashram alleged was morphed video and the repeated! elsasing ‘Zoe News late sted this episode i the top five sex-seandals in nia!” Other eleision “hanno. inelading NDT. have cited volunteers who have reported on rampant abuse alcohol 3nd ts alt Nth nnd’ Bia she {Un S Jue 2012, an American NRI woman accused Nithyttnda of Seal harassment!" he ara Fst press conference. and there was an atiack om the ashram workers y the reporter of the main house Suvarna News. A Tew ous later here was an attack onthe asheam by aleal group. For reasons ‘lea the Karnataka chiet minister announced the cancelation of Nithyanands’s bail and onde huam sealed. On Jane T5, Nithyananda Surtendered himself before a TOOTTM-Ramanagaram. He was “leased on all He ENT ay an The ashram was unsealed a Few days later" On Febnuary 2013. the ligh Court of Karataka squashed both FIRS sesinst Ndhyananda by the Police an by Toeal grou 9 ‘ugust 2012- alter Taling to appear fora eouTTrEeted sexual potency test passports oF Nithvsnanda iat akc anocines were wed Deh gan, owing seve wspea seen Of “Sarandon epOred Ht Matt Adheenay by satus sion ofthe mea yan ster le eps, pursuing ye wines acount alle 7 an lpn cae Stet nan Meuat pale ope cass sin Mian nee Wide Peon ser allegations were levied by & US-based male disciple of sodomy an homsexual ets. dit enal ‘cases were repstered against Nihyananda for unnatural sex acts (IPC section 377). Tie sae ease in the US was, however, dismissed by the State of California as baseless. Moreover. the accuser inset ‘asconvieted in a separate case of three Felons counts uf Child Molestation in the Second Degree ls heen sentenced to 57 mont imprisonment at she Washinglon tate Coretion Cem ’ Inaplen ikipedia or wiki"van_Nithyananda 4520131992999089 8O 0S O08 FH89H5HHDG8SHHHHDFPOSA!+8 O ws omy SVCTVTSCHSSCHRVTSCVSVVlSP’ HY YS eww ai Nithyananda - Wikipedia, the free eneyck? Wa . rages +) etaber 12.2012, Si Armagifathae the 293n¢ head of Madurai Adhecnam. who had earlier “ested Nithyanind as his successor to the mut in Apel 201 [sacked him alee pressiore mowed the sate yoxernment an ter Hind eligi and haritable organisations aint Wis tment, Fonwine this decision. Si Arunagirnathar sought police prowecion citing threats to ie “ihyanand disiptes Works «sNithyananda, Params (208), Pisin cntihtermer fe Bliss Foundation, ISBN 978-1 0607-0482 fe Nithyanands:Paramahansa (2008) Giarsmced Soins fr Last Bear Worry. Lite Bliss cundation. ISBN 978-1-60607-031-3 ‘= Sahyananda, Paramahunnsa (200), Sllitaion fr You: An bration ta the Science ane Are ( Meitaion [ie iiss Fondation. ISBN 978-81-002437-1-2 se Sahyanand Paramvahamsa (2004), Open the doar tet te bree ISBN 97E-81.902857- +L ‘nt, Lie Bliss Foundation. References 8 abn te ser aa Mos (Sl Published (tp ihsanads onToomen ‘pnthanandsoyiounder ee Wain Sica 100 ist fr 2012 (hp watkinbooks conveview nahin va-100ts 012), Mia Bh Sri Feb 2012 ami Nita eons ane tle a Maton” pinto. ston Sai uniyomsade seers mhsnndlestsar ie mahkomb/230099 hi) Lacan tka: Toy Fe 13.2013 Recrevel Fed 14.2013, "Coen less in he Coen State Lestinre As “hs (iow sana agente) March 222007 eMadiaton hs kes to peace ie: Paramahuamsa Fiyanans tps a con20061/26ster/20061 126027 Tn November 26.2006. Reicse 1 nua 2010 veal ce inex ne (tp dew felegyaphin or 200301proarpapelsion_ 12175617 sp) ‘he Telegrp Marci 2010 >, Mado Tia Rito Vast (hooks ianaarcomiBook View npr 3120) ‘eps man sec f se elise on Bil” p/w Bhs co ukP2M/E7387I9 st) Frac. one 18,2000 48 ©Nitanana sing eaves Modi race hips iesoidiainsaies om 2910.05 (steadodra78116699 | narendn-mosadae-sroornarmada niga) The Ts ff Match 3.2010, 3 Qn then, Swot Niyanande rested nr Shin il “avon hnptedatnis nod vse Onsen Sanity anandararesed ne *Shila il Ind Toe Api 2.2010 seein Spa touch cipal sino intone. com009.12-Dnews Jncrices26lOTI2 1 ueep hamish. The Tans faa, December 8.209, sf Chaat Nisin day bash” (pais esting 1 ‘uibansloe28357630.1 pul chawt ida stran-bnay celebrations) The Tames uf aie. lary 2 ont 14, tania ses Kane see fr Nita ibe” (haptics timesoinandiaties com 2012-05 {Sehennals1 7110961 rani siterma)TheFames ond, May 13.2012 20 The Honda Chea ‘pen sikiptiaorghvikiSwans NitheanandsHES 2890088 S86E58E8 o Co @8e8088 888800001HSSSSSSPCTCHO SSH SVB RH HHET ERE TUB HT BBB HTe | Nithyananda - Wikipedia. the tree encycic Ya ‘Page 2010 ‘**-on he rad Swami Ntyanand tested ser Shia il Sato panini Ohhe esSaieNty anand arestedear Stn Tio Tad. Api 2,200, + Ninna 2408) Lv Blige LiclissFundation, ISBN 978-1-60607088-2 7 Now. pen slr seh aan sai psn nods isitetoryNow.rsex+slurontsouthelngiansswamiv186971 ot Ins Taser Moreh 3.2010 7 Ghngtore Sam cmd in sex Scam resigns" p/w ndcominewsietoangaoe-sam voled:nsev-an resign 893 pip NDIV’ Mach 3.200, 16, "Hind Universtiy fn US expan Vedi ee" hi vs rail comvaews!200700070 an Re ewe Nenerer 2, 2007 Rereved TT lana 20 Nits sna” hp thx ansepaps 4S 62 epaper pl The Soh ie P. Marsh 6-t2. 2010 Nisan she hed in sola htp:nobietsineshinhaconénobe aspx? ante peskpaeidWRseinedid-evlael-FOIPUR date 22 OF . $s0Vapubame=Tinessotlnine-+Punetedrane-Raytileid=AP1001 &publbel- TON Lisle (PC asen TO Retin pi 22, 200 STW flag ets ars mob on thyannca “stan tp ve con 20,0002 30485050100 en) Choa, he inde ‘ine Maren 42010 Retieved Mah 5 2010, Sx Sami Nithanans aes Himachal” Cnp ews ny cennewsiceste-swan hes aretesvhumachal- 20848 php) Cis Series, NDT. Reieved 1 ne 200 peaking News nts nan. Nisan fd C1D steth(ptinesotndn indians comarlesbow/S874925.ems). De Times of aa 30 Api Retrieved 1 June 210, 21, * "Datamation ease fied again Sam's Aver" hp fon deceancronicle concbengllSetomain case filed aginst swamiME>%50%99S- tdnerHt The DeseanChonte Oktober 3.2010 Reteved Octobe 10,2010 Tetum ese gaint Swan seeder yw es vonne 691336 amation efed-gtrstsvaniecntiver! pity nda sea ies emp us Maran’ htn/economctines niin cones aio ihr ananda-ashanfiles complain nev Aalnidhsnananisteshow9138312.cns)- he Feonomic Tite. July 7. 2011 Reve uly 7. np: facenews ina. comfentensnnenveshenlops-exscandals swami-atyanands_208 hum ‘Mea sex arpa at Nbr asa 8s Ba ‘echt hp inn a comfailleesllecolse-ampantst-ithy anata shan says bansaor ‘cohi-11268), NDIV.§ Dee 2010 2). =" Ninyananda asa unsele ty Bangalore police" pase a conftest anand ‘shameunsenleeby bangalore polis 233461 Bangi, India ni cm. 19 June 2012 Reeve Jone mea 20. *"Nithyanada seers in our ie Bangoe” (pli ns contenant ‘scfeners in-out near bangalore: 230988). NDTV. Jue 15.202, 31 SHC guases two FR usinst Navona (hp decane. conveonten/ 314892 gushes {worst nl) Bangsve, tna devedhersh 25 Feb 2013. Retfieved Feb 26.2013. 2 *"Goman psp cae hp nv deseanelvoniclecomichamelses/chemadgodnan pasion: seigeds134) Detean Chonicle 3 Aus 2012 More web or sv Nahanni Madura [adigcnan hp. anicles timelines com 2017.06.27 2440012 Stheename promises tiger skins) TOI 27 Jone 2012 21 eV Ntyarants als had zen relstion with a man ap dil: haskarcomvaileBAN-samic ‘itlyanand soba sevea-elane-sihseman- 301384 Ma) Dai Bhaskar. 26 March 2012 May Brady Sw Nyonanda CIVRSIIS793 up nityananda oghtestefuliesAIS8 Secu 20dmsen200rde %2001%20"0920ea5¢ pe) huplen wikipedia org/iki’Swami, Nithyananda 4572013- 299885928 S025S8 205883599 8GO2S8ER980 0001 «Peet roeVoVeOH OV OY TET IY eR VE TH HY Ee woe ‘woul Nithyananda - Wikipedia, the Free eneyele a i rage 0 oro (Sup. Cout CA Son Bernas 2012) (-Viny Bate. was onsite tree Feony Counts of ‘4 Molestation nthe Secu Depre" +e Navan sched sy successor of Mara tad (pt hindustan conv ohana Nihyand sch stMadarae Masco ART -98TASE aap) Hide Ties, 20 01? yternal links unahamsa Nithyananda (hitp: "Aw nithyanands-org) = Ocal website o Rove. hom “haplen.sikipeia. opines php the Swan, Nidhyanandagtolid~S48 150769" oraocies: 1998 birhs Mindurgires Indian eigious Fears Spi ‘om Tamil Nadu Living people Indian prisoners and detainees Tiss page was fst modified on 1 April 2003 a 1430 1 Tea fsavallale under the Creative Commons Aaebution-ShareA ike Licen ‘may apply. By tsing this site, you agee to the Terms of Use and Privacy Pati (Pik pediag is a eyistered trem oF the Wikimedia Foundation, Ine... non-peoht ditional rms 452013 1 wikipedia ng/wiitSwarni Nithyananda“399 9HO9S88OS9H3HHHH9FHBO898G898001 oO” iG@SeS SS SSeS FH OSSCHR OPPS VR SHSM BB TOHRA AA ® Radhe rao A Kebtfous ditance \2AL A detaed aidan on allegations against set-stved godwoman Rade Maa was 1h the Bombay High Court yesterday trom the Mumba pobce today ourt was hearing a public interest Iitigation fled by lawyer Faiguny Brahmbatt accusing ive Maa of obscenity and luring people by making false promises Js S'ahmbhat fold the cout thatthe police were not acting on her complaint against the Sel ‘vied godwornan Pathe Maa, 50, has rejected the allegations. Speaking lo NDIV last month she nad she had "done no wrong and the truth would emewe as she had faith in Goo ‘A complaint allsging that Radhe Maa, whose real name is Sukhvinder Kaur, is running & <2 racket in the name of religion was filed at the Kandivali Police Station. Television. scinesDolly Bindra has also filed a complaint against the controversial godwoman. adhe Maa has also been booked in @ dowry harassment case filed al the Kandivali ‘olce Station by a 32-year-old woman, She has been questioned by the Kandivalt police the case and has denied allegations of instigating the woman's in-laws demand omy. Radhe Maa hails from Punjab but moved to Mumbai and buit a dedicated lot of ‘lowers thal includes film director Subhash Ghai and singer Sonu Nigam. She recently led a fitter on social media with her pictures in a mini-skin and faces a host of legations varying from cheating, obscenity and hurting eligious sentiment2 @: Diegodatta Kolidbsa Sron. madiner: A elderly woman was found dead in a mysteous orounsiances at the the view to fut the toke sevens ase residence of 2 sorcerer in Madikeri on Monday It's alleged that she was ‘Asha (60) from lonavalavadi the victim, who was found dead at Duigadatta K swam a self proclaimed sorcerer’s residence, ‘According to reports, Asha had sought the Help of Swami as she was possessed BY spits The burn injuries on her body suggested that she might have been kiled by the sorcerer ‘Asha on October 11 had attended special prayers and rituals at the residence, which every Sunday On the same day. she fell severely ill and by mid-right a spit, «thas been reported are conducted she was possessed by itis learnt that the swamy had thrashed her brutally, due to which she breathed her last fon the spot. Her body was found at the prayer wll the next morning 1 relatives of the woman gathered when they came to know about the ‘The locals ant death ‘Trey co fled «on car une © agelnnl the Swend Kalidasa Swamy, his associate Dharani and her children have been detained by the: police. K. Mohammad Iqbal from Siddapura had reportediy changed his name as She yying at a residence of Dharani Durgadatta Kalidasa Swamy in May 2018, He was tenavatavadi from last Wo years and promised the locals that he specialised in diving ‘out evi spits. eee eneccccareserecevecceccediveseo ‘iip:tien.wikopedsa.ory/wiki/Kanchi_ Karakot Pe Kanchi Kamakoti Peetham om Wikipedia the foe escape vnchi Kamal i Peetham Hind monastic institution cated in Kanchipuram, Tail Nad oe of ve five puncia-bhLie-sthalus Temples devoting the 'S Elements) "Ft is known formally as Shri Karch sakoti Peetam and was Founded by the Adi Sankara The head ofthe math is elered lo a @ ‘Snkaragarya".a ttle shat isalso applied w the heads of the four Ad Sankara maths 258 @ @ The Kanchi maha has becn ining promineae since the 18th century when it was at Kumbakonay foxay it sone of the met inportant felis intttions of South Indi aac ‘nchi matha came ander a coed in November 2014, alter a former employe was mucdered Contents = sion 2 Mule and tori 3 Kanehi Kamahoti Gur Parampara 4 Referens 5 Ester inks that it was nde by i Sankara of Kaa and that Sis Holiness Fbyendra Saraswati Swan isthe eurent poi The 69th head in secession, tracing its history back 0 vs filth century BCE>H A elated claim is that Adi Sankara came to Kanchipuram, and that he established ve Kanchi matha name! “Dakshina Mola sannata Sanvaanva Sri Kanchi Kamakoti Peetan” in position of Supremaey (Sarsagnys Pecthay over the other naiivaT The subcontinent befove his death there?! Other vurces give the place of his deaths Kedar in th atdhinava Sankara imal hich is traitionall bute to Te Kamahoti Peetam however, traditionally refers ty Kamkshi referred popularly as Kanahod ‘Kamakod is of Tami rin, referring to Goddess Duns. Ko refers to Dura in th ancient tail Sangam literature. Kanchipuram is referred tas Kochi, The Wakarona Mahabhashya oF Patanjal uses the ‘word ‘Kanchi’ and it ean he thus understood thatthe Word Kuch also has a Sanit base. Howeves ‘amakOti ia latter Saki form taken om the original Fan fon of Kamakod Tam teratre aso refers io Kamakodi as Kaman y ‘The Orisinal Kamakoti Peetam, in which Adi Shankara established the Sti Chakra Yantea during the later vetiod of 8h century and the beginning ofthe 9th century” it present Known as “Adi Peeteshn ati Ambal {and this temple is near the present famous sine of Kamakshi, The form of the deity here is with nk, Pasar bhava uals Kephalarespectively in each ofthe 4 has, This matches precisely with Gvanendra SavaswathsPrapancha Sirn Sara Saneraha SOSSSVPSVVFSVSSe eH sever VeZZTB BY Y“Kam etn iii. eects Ipsen wikipedia ond ii Kanchi Kar His noteworty thatthe Si Chakra inthe present day Kamakshi Amman temple ws installed bye [Nevsimba Advani daring he 1th century. whichis eek hy a stone nsripinn inthe iin OCOOOKEHOSESCHGEEOOE: "vuthondar Puranam of Sekhar Perumal written daring the 12th Century mentions the whl erin ‘Kanikot Pecta as Kamacottam [also mentions abo the ne shrine which ithe pase ds Ramus Pectam. Aramagni Naar abo refers onl tthe Origins Adi Pecesiwar wit four ands x deacelbed above. He mentions that she i humus mera that se ese very nea Kimara I should he noted that the Original Kamakoti temple sus acento Kumavakotam, Ins noteworthy that none othe works by. Adi Shank Mat 1 comets of Lae (Bada. Dsorka. Po. Sringeri and thre others af whieh onl one can be aw traced Sumer Path a Wnt iy “Joyeddnn Saxtaboatt Murder and turmoil tae ah SonaucanH 112004. an exemployee ofthe Kanchi matha sss murdered, Dang the mane invests, the police & mentions Kanchi or Kaunahon i Shankara's nngava lists seven pets, fue pets fr fur Vedas in i ed Jayendra Sarat and several of his close associates withthe murder!“ the murdered escemploses. Sankaranansn, had pointed wat issues such i the teneney fr oth achary as be “closeted for fons 4 hour ith certain omen Moves to the assitnts had been made fom the nat phone. a eharges have heen ile! Sasa as wells as wells financial mismanagement tr fend that eal Iunioracharys Viner Saraswat (On November 11,2004. Jayendea Sars wy ames fom Mehbooaagat Ania Paks the arest initials eauSed » temendous uproar among the Tada iy asnoss TRE maT an! Bharatiya mata Paris sa her Hindu groups sited eanassing wide fos release, During the ai eas Tae R Balisubamanian ofthe Noss Ti TASER ‘materials relied upon bythe prosecution. would prima facie constitute teasonable grounds 0 believe’ thatthe pet ionoe show ta be for fie"! ity ofan oflence punishable with death ov mprsonsne However. subsequent appeal to the Supreme Cour. bail was rune. with the ear obseiving that No worthwhits prin face evidence apar rom the alleged confessions have been Brosh tour ‘otice to shove that he petitioner along with wer accused was party 10a vonspizaeyl "he Supreme Court also azsred to shi the tilt Pondicherry. afer the defence argued that he media attention and rer Fetors in Tamil Nadu mie fi tial impossible theve | arch 2006, both Jayendra as wells Via nda Saraswat as vel as a numberof others. were charged (14 counts inelding murder and eoaspizes PT But the ease was not proved Kanchi Kamakoti Guru Parampara CChronoogial list of head of the matha, according t theofficial account |. Adi Sankara Bhagasaipada(482BC-477be) aa2015 volt fe ee SSVPSPHYF SHS SPSS HPD OBHPPSVCV HPS VVTZVMZSETHYBY Sarvajnatman(d7be -367be) Suthyabaaenida Saati ¥67e-26NH) SInanandendea Surswat(268he-20She} Sldhanandendr Sarswati(2he-126) ‘Aanandaghanedda Sarasa 2abe-3Sbe) Kaivalyanandayogenda Saaswati(Ssbe-28AD) Kopa Sankarendia Saraswatit?8AD-G9AD) Sureswaea Saraswati (G9AD- 127 AD) Sinan Chdghanens Sansa 27AD = 72D) CChandasehhatendea Sarasa! 72-235) Sutchidghanendra Saraswati235-273) Widvaghunendra Saraswat 272-317) sigadhatendy Saraswati 7-329) Ujisata Sankarendra Sarassat(329-367) Sadasivendra Saraswati367-375 Shankarananda Saraswati(375-385) Martanda Vidseghanendrs Saraswati ‘Moko Sonne Sars ‘Chaneasekharendra Si odhend Satchisubhendn SaaswatiAB1-312) CCitsukhendra Saraswati¢S12-527) Satchidanandaghanendea Sass S27 SAN) Prajnaghanenda SaeaswatiS48-565) (Cid ilasendra Saraswati 565-577) Maadevel dia Sarat 577-601) Pumabhodhes ira Sarat -G18) Bhodhenda Swaswats 618-655) Brahmanandagranendta Saraswati(635-668) (Chidanandaghanendra Sarsswiti(668-672) Satehidananda Saraswat(672-692) ‘Chandeasehharendra Sarasa 1692-710) (Chitsukhendea Saraswat 710-737) (Chitsokhsnandendra Sorassti 797-738) Vidvahianendea Sarasa 1758-788) Abhinava Sankarendra Sarasa 788-840) Satchidelaaserdrs Saraswati(S10-875) “Mahadevendra Saraswati (873-915) Gangadharendsa Sarasa (915-950) Brahmanandayhanendea Sarassat(980.978) Anandaghaneniea Saeaswati(O78-1012) Parnabhodena Saraswati 11012-1080) Paramasivendes Saraswati 1 1040-1061) Sandeanandabbodhendra Saraswat 061-1098) CChandrasekharendea Saraswati 1V( 1098-1166) Advaitanandatodherra Saraswati 1166-1200) “Mahadevendra Saraswati II(1200-1247) (Chandrachudeadea Saraswati 1247-1297) aaropse0t aBOOSH TFHHHOHHHDSCHVHTHHHSHOVOSO!& B e a e p > 8 » » a ® > > ® > » D e Bp e » dl ad » » > ee pe x 1s heb: PRINCIPLES OF CRIMINAL. JURISPRUDENCT [ST ROPUCTION ax his aoe dren nreife and isthe product oF interly of inet banan ene cei eS Kf Ram vy Sate Hime! Pradesh 1973 AIR 2775 0 minal wil ® so poms ‘hiv is 2 genera rule of evidence. he sound Latin max a a i. on gi neg ines that the bord of POE tie sho Foe eye who denies. The Evidence Act doesnt contemriae (at cased shoul se ease wih the same snes and gous te Fossey required 0 prose cA fang, Ailes 11 ofthe Univeral carton of Huron RIE a0 “Evenyane yaseed witha penal offence has the i Fi be presumed innocent uni proved gully, aecoring sree ub il t whi he has a all he srters nessa oF elene seul hee are thee carina principles of sriminal uisprodencs, Gprosecuion Enns accused must be presumed tobe anoeent and rove its cage beyond reasonable doubt on ae rncaton never hits Ina sina lt mk ta SBT the Sa ene in supp ois sence and fr he purpose of PETS SA eae ii the admission ade by prosecution wiesses or on te ce ited by the aig ets held in Dany Caza Taker vs Sake OF Coa” 1961 AIR egy SCR (7) 36. there i no confit betwee the general Suey 6 AE the yu Ta essnable doubt whichis alvays onthe prosecution and whiny at shils, and the eden tht ets n the accuse to make ut bi defen of fsa “yap obgrved n Rabinra Kumar Dey 5 State OF Orisa: 1977 AIR IG O77 SCR (1) 439, JS Nicisads Manohardes Des and Ant. Site of Bona. [1960] 1.C.R.319. pes fein juaprece which ave wel sted re 85 ue “ppvhat the onus ts affirmatively onthe osection to pave its ease beyond reasonable eset and it eavot derive any benefit fom weak ts or falsity ofthe defence version wile prov ‘osha in il ~ presumed tobe innocent ih ily and {i thatthe ons ofthe prosecution never ft. yh Hobe Delhi High Court inthe case of Suni Koay SH State (Ci 13 407.1 (2007) DMC 654, it was observed tha ie cardinal ringipleso eriminal od ’ ee joa tial the acused must Ine is proved 10 be ©6 |urisprodence are weil sete and they ave 4 follows. that the onus les aiematvely on ta foseon te pov eas be nae dub nico dee ay tee mg werner falsity oF the defense version while posing its ase: ji) that in a criminal ial ie desis ma he presume be sneen nls efrove to ily am that th ogy St poet shite ® 1H: PROSFCUHION 10 PROVE TTS CASI MLYOND RIASONAMLE DOUBT toto case of Pham Dat Wadhwani vs Sine OT Ur Pres 17S AiR 241 ihe Hod Saprene Cou pointed ut 5 lew The reef tei af esrb du dts of ito rd iI nar iy * rial iw of epimateinerences Mowing fom een ets a dee as ‘been held in Kali Ram vs State Of Himachal Pradesh, 1973 AIR 2773, one of the card brine which has alays oe Leptin vi in arse (1) Appi eo 9d On Augs27, 173 of aumiiaton ous fr imal ess a yess rps sxc is resumed to be iret ules ht pesion I bated by the pone rat os my wan ly oe ih i hang There of proving the pl of he aeicd pon he psccaton a ulin ott. he oe cantor inci heel mae Thc ee fetal lings in his anil nunc tee een of tts 0 ths pope ite 6 The Law Commision of nd, yseventh pat the and pues esimsiffenes was assed hat As hs en bse” -N lo ein ol of more imporance “han tht whieh ress the peseeton to prove te accuse 1) rosin i mama sein re dete gut nd tothe later exablh his iocees she nese! nso a thcntay ove. Second ey mas he jy of asp eyo eats dat) tn 2014, the Hon'ble Apex Court reiterated this general principle of proving ase of posse beyond reasonable dou in the folowing eases, | Puran Chand v State OF LP 2. Ashok Debbarma @ Ach Debbarma vs State OF Tipu 3. Josindr Vad vs State OF Bihar 4. Nallaboh Ramla @ Sethasna 5. Sui OF Gjarat vs Kishanbai (Prakash vs State OF Kamaaka - 7. Site OF Rajasthan vs Manoj Kumar 8. Basapea vs Sate OFKamataka| 9. Bigs Sate OFMP 10, Ramesh Vitha Pati vs State OF Kumstaka & Ors ws State OF APee ee ne ” PN PRESUMP ION OF INNOCENCE held by the Hon'ble High Coutt of Andhra Pradesh in the ese of Katcherta Venkata Dr, Vangur Seshumambo An Ors: 2008 Cri 853, the presamplion of innocepce is luste 0 him uner the fandamental principle oF stievinal jurisprudence that every person Wy by a competent court of la. Hwan «presumed to be innocent unless he i proved ‘hol! in Maneka Sanjay Gandhi V. Rani Jethmalani that assurance of a fair tal is the fi «ative of the dispensation of justice and the cena eiterion fr the Court fa consider when 2 ssn for transfer is made is not the hypersensitivity or relative eorvenience of a paty or vali OF legal services or any lke grievance. In Abdul Nazar Macani V. State f TN the Court stated thatthe purpose of the eiminal tril isto dispense fir and impartial justice ‘sluerced by extraneous considerations. The apprchension of not zeting a fair and impaiat inquiry oF trial is requited to be reasonable and not imaginary basee upon conjectres and Feceally. in 2015, the Hon'ble Supreme Court of lia applied this vena rule of “presumption ‘ inoeence * in the following eases. 1. Vinod Kumar vs State OF Haryana: 2. Sher Singh -ipa vs State Of Haryana; }Ajay Kumar Choudhary vs Union Of Inde: 4. Inder Singh & Ors ste OF Rajasthan; $.Raja @ Rajinder vs State Of Haryana: 6.Moban Lal vs State OF J uthan; 7:Pawan Kumar @ Monu Mal vs State OF U.P, & Ans; 8. Bhim Singh & Ans vs ‘Of Uttarakhand 9. Rajinder Singh vs State OF Punjab and 10. vendre Kumar ¥ Jaidrath & Ors 1 ONUS OF THIE PROSECUTION NEVER SIFTS, ss was held by the Hon'ble Apex Couit in CM.Girish Babu ws Chi, Cochin. High Court OF sla. the onus of proof lying upon the accused person is to prove his case by @ preponderance 1 probability. As soon as be siceeds in doing so, the buen shilstopeesecution which sil has | Sachange its orginal onus that never shill, i; tat oF establishing onthe whole case the guilt Five aeeused beyond a reasonable daub.” (See Jhangan Vs. State 1965 (3) SCR 736). I was “served in John Manjooran vs CM, Stephen And Ors, 1973 Ce] 1722 basically. the original vs never shifts and the prosecution has. at all stages of the cas. 10 prove the guilt of the sed Heyond a reasonable doubt. To know more please refer to the sling Rabindra Kumar ‘sSinte OF Orissa : 1977 AIR 170, 1977 SCR (1) 439, und Juksshnadas Manobardas Dest Ant. State of Bombay, [1960] 3 SCR. 319. 324), 1 DOCTRINE OF BURDEN OF PROOF:- < sas observed in Daya Chaganb Thaker vs Slate Of Guar. 1968 AIR 1563, 1968 Gy el, we doctine “aT butler oT” proof in be comet of the cia “Of imsaniy” my be stated inthe loving propositions “sve poseeution must prove beyond resronble doubt tha he acc Bad coma the ee with the requisite, meer andthe burden of proving tha lays res en the ston fom te benno the od fhe a ee There ea tebutle pesmpton that fe accused wis not insane, when he omit he inthe sen laid down by 5.84 of the Indian Penal Codie cused may rebut it by ‘lacing before the cour ll the relevant eidenec-orah, documentary or circumstantial, but the burden af proot upon him isn higher than that which rests upon a ary 6 el proceedings 43) Even ithe accused as notable to establish conclusively that he wa insane atthe tie be committed he alfence, the evidence placed before th court hy the accuse or by the prosecution ‘ey raiso « reasonable doubt inthe mind of the court as regards ane or mone ofthe ingredicts ot the offence, inchiding mens rea of the accused and in that case the court would be entitled to ‘sequit the accused on the ground thatthe general burden of poof resting on the prosecution was not discharge. {nthe case of Rabindra Kumar Dey vs State OF Orissa, Equivalent citations: 1977 AIR 170, 1977 SCR (1) 439, was observed that under section 105 ofthe Evidence Aet the onus af proving «exceptions mentioned in the Indian Penal Code lieson the weeuse but he suid settion doesnot at all indicate the nature andthe standard of proof required. Its sulli-cient if the accused is abe to prove his ease by thestandard of preponderance ol probabilities as envisaged by section 5 of the Evidence Act "was observed in Rabindre Kumar Dey vs State OF Oris: 1977 AIR 170.1977 SCR (1) 439 (sce also: Harbhajan Singh v. State of Punjab [1963] 3 SCR 235, 241 and State of UP. v. am Swamp & Am 7ST SCR aD GIL The accused —suceeds ifthe probability of his. version ‘rows doubt on the presecution case. He need wot. prove hig cue i the bi, Mis suficiem for’ the defenwe te ive & version which competes "in prchhility with the proseeution version for that would he sufficient to throw suspicion on ‘the prosecution cave entaling its ection bythe court EXCEPTION To. GENERAL, PRINCIPLES 4 Harbhajan Singh v. State of Punjab ( (1965) 3 SC. 235, 241 ) the Hon'ble Apes Court nipserved as Tollows: but the question whic often arses und has been Fequently considered hy judi decisions is ‘shether the nature and extent ofthe onus of proof placed on an accused person who claims the benefit of an Exception is exactly the same asthe nate and extent of the onus placed on the Prvutan in eriminal eae; and there is consensus of ji opin in tavour ofthe view ‘iow where the burden of anise les upon the accused, he isnot re- quited to discharge the bd hy leading evidence to rove his case beyond a reasonable doubt. That, no doubt, is the test presribed while deciding whether the prosecution has discharged its onus to prove the guilt ‘of the accused; but that is nota test which can be applied to an accused person who seeks to rove substanially his elaim that his case falls nder an Exception. Where an accuse person is «alled upon to prove that his ease fils under an Exception, law teats the onus a is- charged if the aeeused person succeeds “in proving 2 preponderance of probability.” As soon as the preponderance of probability is proved. the burden shifts to. the prosecution which has still tb Aischarge its orginal onus, It must be remembercl tht basically, the original onus never shifts BLBBRBEABBABBBBABBABL LD LLBSG, lo .2 0.00002soipalid rim 9 Apps nu SFO}OUIDD, Wy SIL. og atqaHoseey, 2 ‘e10c ot “pasnaoe jo yes 4p Jo SSauewe atear9 0) paseafas 29 1429002 9 prouge u pasa Sew IAD poo jo 306) a4 uo suvadde grap aqqeu0se uy wapung a4. “agnop feu ng p2sN390 uo anuapis9 Jo 20UDS9e 40 2>4epIA2 ayt sygewosess fe puke Nd S14 YESS jodxa sea ignop aIgsuaseas ip ajgeuoss, Jo 30U09 945 =NOISMINO> nop aguuoseat GAHARARKEHEREGAREREEEGHESESOCCEAEE™Te 2889 85S FS FHFHHHCHHHHHHHHHTDOOO(a QE ‘What Is Gender-Based Violence? Running Time: 2 hows < Matera 2 Femara ich anno are "indo Dcreor ote Eso Was Ags Worcs “Tange Auence canbe use lr awareness raemg wh wens audencevparucpans svowieton ialance agpieak omen GP Fran, Os gency i ya ls remanence sete ans "se meee nn apn ee, Se TRS Coe es oo is tleanrnnigatas si seston tac eee “other Vref arsenate a ones inet anes Se een rsa eat Ma ee cohen eater We ite pentane ee es Freiaton A coe : ‘eosning Objectives: - Deine senderoased wotnce sca wt gen ore ound dea e geben eee eae Aralye gendsrontes wore tom he woes human tsps Acti: Gi ‘Based Violence: Definitions 09 percpans ay bud on eae vxe@ oy eels Te quesons * Wal acts go you cushy valance ns MEAMIO YOU? scar rummanzes he ess of ne Santeing and ighighs he 320s momen bases on wornen Died add nel ell dnd dt hdd dled© Phypirad @ Sexus) gy erychetogital wolanc @ demepie ae ian GB secu) abuse, (Rage -t Secu! abuae 67 Cethong qantdig mrambod . © poscsd owgyrarey , @ Seer : ® Froditonal pocactices harmdul ty coomen,- @ hitting» Buscning . or acid fleeustng | © Dowory gataked uislance , G@ vastance tn cxaud Conguich (D met. & Grok ona thurs @ ptouse targuoge, @ Faradiceing cp vomen & giows doc Popbah ® Posted cresorioge , Sexuah paraanart y @ Entinidaten at poole Gee: tec eee scecccs sco ococesse a.> » » B > D > B B » B ® BD B ® » B 8 BS » ® B B B ® wor eptice and ter in eH utes Lary ary mans he eh eNO ey ntimeaton aa 7 en ates Si ae ce ae a Se “ePen cane a hon eases Sees © gy son —r fi ee Sas | Ben ee pes, Segeeecceatg receSPVSSCHSOCVOSSSSSTSSSSSSSSHRSHGOO!mp1 tse w endvawnaw orylearticles/807-probaple-cuse-siaeard-~ whith colin Crime —arsren ae * Sexual hosas,ement- - CEDAW = Edinination op au Fooms oF osminsnabion “pgpink toma 1atq COE OM) Cai fing Qacloalicn adoinokens! coverant en etonemic Dootal ¢ cubkesol Qyas . Md i= weagnine hen aagat fo dats rordikons 0 Wek 1, ~veqtects Hod coon Blot nat be gubjeded tn Jecusd hamrnuct abt Place oF HO cokich may taitak usoting, enutronnenh Vigakha -V- dteds 09 Refjasiran. hon bean id dos erdeccamerd OF A ® B eB B B B S B ® undt pekikon . dundomental wight OF wooleing women under Ark . eee oo » ede ed eo pee et ker In A WMAG OF Rofosthon - c incdand youl, 19 Uiclaken OF co. qurdiomental ght a * Gerh equautly” & + Be U Wa chor Lietahon 67 om gh gn t le G Uibeshy Undan pet My IS GU ® vs Conph thon + Uielaion Ans [9G G) “Te Rrottice, my Pocooleetton tre"os otmes sephonetbte pour ond e mg ath 07 oH @ e @ Dy & empl Co ee he Qe unsk od & Corr BR © Papel eoneh conto ae ® a demand ge veqnerk doo Seanad geUSUT © Gexusty cdtovoud sero? fi) cheung Posmogror Wecad Verbal os NOx © ompotis Verbal conuck ey gexuol rotons© Cxpmemr Lara) above Ot th Kost Place Puro and crsculobed : ee en Canthoph femar ve Stok ame. ce acewed ORE etic caver & comuder gs prooecinix ooh havering cowed -walead hat. She Cxoherkd sam ty vecaived ae aca aaqusd Hol —— fn bus , pn hex cheat ond kerrath Hua were no Injutud On bet Paoweushon pumennes became rok le. : até £ sean (9a oP ae ped, took Ee GRRE te ceed “Oe ato Tee) Sudgrot ae Too condom be Jyucl Com >'SOGPIGISSTTVPSCSSSSSSHHSTSCHTT9FO89898O0: aSere erie Reet erreantte asec | Guidetines and norms laid down by the Hon'ble Supreme Coust in Guahakes and Others Vs, State of Rajasthan and Others(IC 3997 (7) ‘SC 8a) HAVING REGARD tothe definition o human right in Section 2 (0) ofthe Presto of Maman Rights Aet, 1998 At and peal es Ui ‘TAKING NOTE ofthe fact tht the present ev ndeqvately provide for specie protection of women from tof such legisation will take Ihareament in wok places and thal enact onside ae te tis neassary ad expedient for employers in work places as ell other response persons or institutions Yo dberve certain guidelines a cusuee the prevention of sexual harass _ 0) EE 0 RE eee IU shail e the dity ofthe employer or ather respunsibe persons 48 work 1 the «on paces or other istittns to preven oF gr i Fo as prpine, ses raiment inca seek eternal oan Ber det 9 0 4 Physical eontaet and advance in) demand ar request for sexta favour: 1) Sesually coloured remarks: Oh Shossing pornography Hoan eenwelonme piysieal. verbal a” 960 feral eanduet SSVCOSCSOSSSSSPHSOTEVSEYVHXYHNHHUHMYYMTVT STH VYeY &ee ee ee eee eee eee oe eeeWhere any of these sets 4s commited i eireumstances herent the | ction of sich conduct has 3 reasonable apprehension that i elation tothe victim's employment or work whether she is deing slay honorarium whether in government, publie oF private enterprise such conduct, valu ai De Toning and soy constitae « Health and safety probes ound to believe that her objeetiun sould disuantage her in connection with her tiscriminatory for instance sshen the woman bas reasonable Bev employment or work including recruiting or promotion or when it ereates 3 hostile work environment, Adverse eonsoquenecs might be visite i the vein Ales ot eonsent to the conduet in question raises any jet the ‘All employers or persons in charge of workplace whether in public ur private sector should take appropriate steps ta prevent sexual harassment, Withont | Invindice to the generality ofthis obligation they shoul take the following steps ts se shold he notified, published | A xpress prohibition of se as defined aboveat in appropriate ways Bote Rutes/Rey | bodies relating to conduct and discipline should ineloie valesye For approneiate penalties in sel ions of Government and lations prohibiting sesta! harassment and provide st the offender ards private employees. steps sdwuld he taken to i Jude the aforesaid prohibitions in the standing wrders tinder the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) At 1 sce BC Amnropate work conditions should be provided in vespeet | fof work, leisure, health and hygiene to farther ens that | Ce ee a owns to believe hat she is disaelvamtaged ia eon ‘ith her employment.FIGBSR OTOH HHKHHSCETSHHSESHHHSHOH99OOO: & :SSCSHTSHY HT BZ SOVEOWHMMEYDBuY | eqifh thon 7 5G =0 poo 8 Sant shuninvos sas ose Vert hen | sere sh conduct mount to aspeifeaflence une the Indian Penal SS Cadeoronder any ther aw th emplover tliat appropiate actin in aecorance with aw by making complaint with the appropriate AOA: tn parteae it should ensure that viens or witnesses are nt vietinived or 27 tinned yas wie deaing is compinof sel einen, "The vets of sewualharassinent should have the option to seek transfer of the perpetrator or their own transfer Where sich conduct amounts to misconduet inemployment as defined by the relevant service rules, appropriate diseiplinary action should be insted by a @ ‘the emplayer in accurdance vat those rules Whether or not such eundt constitutes an offence ne Laur a breach of im should be erated | the serie ees, aw appropriate complaint mechani sion for ase of the complaint Make By he WET the emplaye's organi Such Gnplant mechanism should ensire tiie oud teat ‘plaints Q== Bit ancy, eter avn ll ear to pre 56+ vchure secessary, # Complaints Committe, a special cmelon er te Paar «suppress sine om uh he svete ari ee tt reer the Complaints Commit Te uso! jut as member shall be stn Forest event te paraiso 1 hts ssh Casas Coane ‘ ted rss alee fi 1 thd ptt NGO rer bay ho aie ith te BBs lo'@®@ee PSSHSHOSHGOTHSHTHOSSSCSHISGOCOSOOOO!a HIGHLIGHTS OF THE JUSTICE VERMA, COMMITTEE REPORT . The Justice Verma Committee on Amendments (to Criminal Law (the: Commit") was constituted by 2 Government of India notification dated 75.12.2019, to look int the possible amendments to Criminal Law o provide for clcker tial and enhanced punishment for criminals commiting sexual asault of extreme nature against women. The Committee oémprised ‘of 3 members ~ late ‘ive 18. Verma, who was also its Chairman anf the two members were Justice “ila Seth and Gopal Subramaniam. I tabled its Yeport exaely one month afr ‘cing constituted, ie, on 23rd January 2013. The Comminee gave its ceamendations on women and gxval violence and made several detailed cestions about amendments to #8 made ¢gnthe Indian Penel Code (IPC), the to of Criminal Procedure (“CrP”) and the Indian Evidence Act ("IEA"). For purpose of this tepor, the following are the recommendations made by the ‘miter forthe modifications to be made to Criminal Laws (Amendment Bil, 2012 47 Amendmen: to Section 100 ofthe IPC: Section 100 of the IPC extends the figm of private defence of the body to causing death in cenain circumstances. The Committee suggested that these circumstances tenumerated therein should also extend tothe right of private defence in ease of an Acid Attack, which was made an offence under Section 326A. as per the Criminal Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2012 (the “Bill”). This recommendation was not incorporated in the Criminal Laws (Amendment) ‘Act, 2013 (the "2013 sAct”) C: It recommended the insertion of _&;Insnion of Secon 166A i the u cet Section 166A 10 the IPC, imposing @ maximum punishment of Rigorous lublie Servant knowingly ® e e 8 ® ® ® S 2 8 e Ss e S BS eS e e @ ® ® B®. S ® ® Imprisonment for five years in case if’ any Pt disobeys a direction of Law, which includes refusal to record information given regarding offences committed under Sections 354, 354A, 354B, 354 C(2), 376(1), 376(2), 376(3), 376A, 376B(1), 376B(2), 376C, 376D or 376F of the IPC which punish offences of sexual nature against women. This , Cadmteol Laws arwedasaed act 2018a wen thy ABE rs adddeat section QOOSCHOHSSSESSSSSESSSSCHHEHEEHOGOKOHOHO'The enplovers and person in change vail azo eeport on the comphiance wit ‘the aforesaid guidelines intuding on the reports ofthe Complaints Committee tothe Government departinent - Emplorees should be allowed to raise issues of sexual harassment at a | all worker? meting and in other appropriate form and it should be aor irmaively dissed in Enpoyer Employee Meetings. wee ee wow | lesstaion when enaeted onthe subject) in a suitable manner OOOO Rf © Tie hers sexual harassment sects est ofan aet or omission bya thin borty or uutskler, the employer and person in charge vail take all steps YP swsessy and eeasonable nasi he alfet person in tems of suppant ad x proweative ation ‘he Central/State Goveruments are reat sdypling stable smeasures inloling Fegisation to ensure tha ‘diner by this rer ave alse abserved Dy. the _guidletines itl wat prejudice ay wights weal aes tn FCUTPCVFOTVVH# EH HY ey YsS8FFFFS2HFH8SH88S8HHE8HEE89gepuh nano 5 TOS, ouaqu ayn Jo 20Ua1S1N9 AR GOS, YON pn arsine aE! aye Seay PY E102 94 9h ves sapnut un) te 20 saad spu0N HUST re pee ay 20 S00 24D A YR SL Buipuarrs wad a a um segue ag ueors #0 uoEADS A TT Sor yo sie sku 20) wound 2 papules! dean jo Ksopow ay Sueno R228 pass sngurson a, MESSY RNAS, “dF BR OTATVEE PUR VIE SLONS sn poppe a as, voor ur aeuED AP AL paneydwan0a se rc aa aly Ado gga] sma a TUE route ues aif Ot ne res 35S TA TUT USTTOT 2 “sath paresodioauy Tov CIDE WL ‘ig 4 uornestadttoo or patna sasudxo 04pou a OM! OF ULE vowed ay. pe sak 7 oF poaves eu WOH ‘gyeak g 1863) 18 JO oud e 405 wowuosuduy| wOv0BT ayqausrund ag evs ave 21 fo fant 0 sBewop 25009 0 AeA =PURSANE SAE fue 40 pise mon et spas ny seme at "vous Sq ny sss erp 24 20090 LOYAL ‘vonpsuadwon jo wauiked, cag mmyyy spe pur Mauosudes} 2} oF pusneo ste Kew Wt ‘saeak | “avBea| fe Jo" uowuostsdus, snoso8H TAM ajqeustund 20u7ygo uP 9a THE, aie sears jo aeimp Bustenye wonwaly SP suvous Joyn0: Aue Guysn 40 uosiad yp oF PE ‘Bucrorsiirappe 40 Buyaost. a Spa 5 051008 5° aoe wp passin oMBHNOD UL PHY | syns qemaag S® pore 20 x ynesse wo S64 4709 YEH? p ee ®. sauayo “hiv 40 aS Saou soerpawsst a} sTRNGEN TY ;uodn wage ue sseriae SED MOUSE wOne~S PEPE ‘gste BV £102 au, a9eg 0.0946 “Sole “adc Woe Toe ‘MOZE guHP9s 19PH" suey tue Jo wana w st uy wossed Aur ot Founean Tesipau paw pre wt) spinors aaa rar any yids» snd wo. STL BSH wot wonoag 1o¥ C107 3 UE TV COTA ‘paresodoqu sta uorrepuaurona! ~ etait ation in syed Pe eg Ta Trang MND AY PRPS srergund ag paoeres Y CLOT 241A “AI FEE WOH PUM snd Kpeaye st 90H) AL, pasodat 3q PINON (peg AN see an 3 wou 2"SUEA auiorpnti gs ey yemae jo ran aoojanun ve Bua. (ETE! suxdeitouud ANS es simp iene, nod Kue 0) Fost 9BeweP rev 7 poneBere ©0909 0FS88H809FC89G0OS88H8HH8288808eeeTeeee eee 4, Hb “se aati Mediated foxt @ ¢ slavery under the IPC be amended to criminalize ticking and it also recommended ctiminalizing employment of trafficked persons. It further ‘ecompended that juvenile i women homes should be put under the direct Se a Gaaae and that sop shoul be ten To renege trafficked woman and childven back into the society The recommendation ‘of the Committee was incorporated in the 2013 Act only partly. That is to say tht the 2013 Act did not expressly criminalize employment of afficked person as recommended by the Commitee. Raper The Commitee suggested thatthe distinction between Rape and Setoal Assault be maintained, This is because the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 (POCSOA) defines “sexual asaul’ to mean all forms of sexual abuse that does not involve penetration of any sorts and therefore there would be'a clear conradeton between the two legislations if tinder the IPC sexual aszault would include rape. Toerefore, it was of the pinion that this distinction be maintained. This suggestion was incorporated inike 2013. Act nd Sexi Assault contned we defined under Seton Su ct the IPC, while rape continued tobe defined under Section 375 ofthe ire. 9, Amendment to the AFSPA: The Committee secommended that an amendment be’ made to the Armed Forces Special Powers Act which is in force in certain parts of India. It recommended that a proviso be added to Section 6 of the Act. Presently, a sanction from the Central Government is required if any legal proceedings have to be instituted against any person in respect of any act purported to be done under the provisions of the Act. The Committee recommended that an exception to this rule be made by adding a proviso to Section 6 which states that no such sanciion will be required for offences alleged to have been committed under Sections 354, 354A, 354B, 3S4C, 376(1), 376(2), 376(3), 376A, 376B, 376C, 376D; 376D or 376E of the IPC. This amendment to the very controversial AFSPA has still not been made. 10.Amendment to the Representation of Peoples Act: The Committee also recommended that a person be disqualified under Section 8 of the Act not only if he convicted.of an offence by a court of competent jurisdiction but also if a court has taken cognizance of the said offence. The Committce also recommended that the list of these offences, as detailed in Schedule 1 to the E RR RES HT SENT ETT(PSPS SSCSVC CSC SCOOPS TCSCHSIOVSoVOsseoeeseeecovee,«0 sotrage the modesty of a woman by the usage of such gestures, words or acts iz essential, Therefore, the suggestion of the Committee was not incorporated to this eytent under the 2013 Act 5° Sexual Harassment: The Committee recommended that Domestic Workers Should be covered’ under the purview of the Sexual Harassment at ‘Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Bill, 2012 that was then due before the Parliament. It futher recommended thatthe provision in the Dill tat sates that frst efforts of reconciliation must be made between the vietim and the herasser, should be serapped since it was notin conformity with the guideline laid down by the Hon'ble Supreme Cour in the Vishaka ‘Case since the SC, vide that judgement intended for work places to be secure snd safe from harassment. The Committee also recommended payment“of ‘compensation by the employer to the woman who has suffered harassment Another vital recommendation made by the Committee was ‘that instead of tne Intemal Complaints Committe that every employed has en obligation 0 constitute, an Employment Tribunal must be set up. This, the Committee recommended because it was of the opinion that having a intemal committee “which comprise of members who are employees at the same work place would defeat the entire purpose of having such a committe to check cases i sexual harassment since the employer will be in a position to exude some sort of pressure on the members. The Sexual Harassment Act, 2013 did not incorporate several suggestions made by the Justice Verma Commitee, for instance under the Act, the Redressal mechanism is still the Internat Complaints Committee to be constituted by the employer. The 2013 Act on the other hand, inserted Section 354A making Sexual Harassment 2 sunishable offexce, however, the scope of Sexual Harassment under the2013 “set differs from its scope in the Sexual harassment of Women at Workplace Act, 2013. a é. Voyeurism and Stalking: It was recommended thatthe HPC be amended to criminalize voyeurism and statking, The 2013 Act has, under Section 354C and 354D respectively eriminalized these two acts Trafficking and Slavery: The Committee opined that the definition of trafficking under the Immoral Trafficking Prevention Act was nt a ‘comprehensive one and it only eriminalized trafficking forthe purpose of prostitution. Therefore, it recommended, that the provisions relating 10 a erhag, wewevvewe PVPs sTOLEPuseVVVeWeEDeOY pnt obtaining perual goabfianen ona Lopecting Gndtutduals wahko axe Pow} [ an geaual ac a eal | E &§ 3 e $OSS THSSSOSSSTVSCSTFHOSFSSR2SF8F8EERH8 ESRBPowe y way. PeeeTeT es eH Mw ae) é & ar ‘Act, also include other sexual offences against a woman, apan from rape, long with offences ike kidnapping ete which were ae not covered under Section. These recommendations of the Committee have sill not Peer implemented 1 pebtie Emergency Response System: The Commitee suggested the setting ‘up of a Public Emergency Response System forall Emergeney Responses like fire, ambulance tec. It recommended that this police but the Administrative Body. within the City. The Comm! ise ‘proposed for the same ‘emergency call the ERCC worker at to wot is Cell will not report to the icin the following manner: “Thus in case of an the time of receiving the call routed from the telephony provider wil have th lcation ofthe ealer which will Be {Geospatial map data which has the ER units plotied Froced on the type of emergency the ERCC worker can dispatch the closest TER anit to assess the situation and report back to the ERCC for appropriate plotted onto the same ‘ction or the ERCC worker can dispatch 2 su ble ER service unit.” |efoiiee Reforms: The Commitee gave various recommendations on ple reforms, It recommended that ‘established to ensure and unwarranted cof that the state” government nirol over the police 2 State Seeurity Commission should be is do HOT EXHTISE excessive It suggested that such a an asin should beheaded by the Chief Minister or the Home Minister of ee Gate Tt further recommended that Commission should lay down broad icy guidelines so that the police may act within the same. It further Pe nended that DGP and IGP should have @ minimum tenure of 10 ‘years and that a Police Establishment Boa “All the transfers, postings and promations commendations of the Committee regarding potice reforms have, like many other recommendations, have failed (0 see {implementation or tncorporation 2 Reforms in Management of Cases related £0 crimes a Committee alio suggested the setting up of should be immediately notified in case if an assault has been lodged. It further recomment provide legal assistan installation of CCTV cameras at the provision to, fil rd should be established to decide of officers, However, the ‘any positive sainst women: The a “Rape Crisis Ce” which ny VIR in relation to sexual ded that this Cell must also 's It recommended ofner things like the the entrance of Police Station and in le FIRS online, the ability of poticeISTO SSTCTESSCTCESCSCSCSCSSCSSCHSSHSHSHOSPOOD: ,* a Officers to give assistance to vietims of sexual assault despite jurisdictional constraints, inerease in the number of police personnel, ete. However, most sf these recomrrendations are yet to be implemented. |j/ Medical Examination of Sexual Assault Survivor: Ths Committee Suggested guidelines for the medical examination of a vitim of Sexusl ‘Assault It laid down a checklist for collection of forensic evidence, which ‘vill be erucial for deicing a case of alleged assault, It laid down list of things that had to be asked to every patient being treated by # Medica! Practitioner, for instance nature of the assailants, nature of the physical contact, history of injury marks ec. I finally gave a checklist forthe general cnamination of every patient. It also recommended that @ counselor be present during the interview and the medieal examination of « victim of eral assault, Apart from this it gave a transcript for the interview of a trafficked girl and a transcript for interview of abused children. fos collection OF percenat c ipa © checkliF’ eutdance ext tea trad oes ct be poi @ ttt a HY asgacks onown @ wher # saotlends LOM, ung bath) FT RR CET a tol conkack 4 : oF Page o de | Se I chest te oe ‘ 5 Selon” Canon om os eek inanotien medion ee SPSSCTST HT HOHSSHE XE VE HEU HYESZH BeBeSCSHSHSSCHOOSATUV TAT STSCS OH FDGTH2989088SOO(Le vow FevuVvVveVvEeEeHYTYEweT YN W Tw YT we OEY \iesical Examination of : = esto give assistance to vietinis of sexual assault despite jurisdictions scant increase in the number of police personnel, etc. However, most | sscse recommendations are yet to be implemented. Sexual Assault Survivor: The Committee sted guidelines for the medical examination of vim of Sexual sit It laid down a checklist for collection of forensic evidence, which ‘crucial for deicing a case of alleged assault, It lid down a list of what had to be asked to every patient being treated by @ Medical Shiner, for instanee nature of the assailants, nature of the physica! Jhecklist for the general at a counselor be xct, history of injury marks etc. It finally gave @ el mination of every patient. It also recommended the luring, the interview and the medical examination of vietim.of venus! assault, Apart fiom this it gave 2 transcript for the interview of @ cked girl and a transcript for interview of abused children. ET'P@SRSGOSCSCOTPSORVPSSCSHSTFSCHHVUFTTFSSSSSSVVBARA ‘ 7 \Caste ad Scheduled Tribe (Preverton of Arciies) Act... MiWVenwikipedia. ory wiiSchedsed. Caste Ae i: o meS p.,Scheduled:Caste and Scheduled Tribe (Prevent... »of Atrocities) Act, 1989 Bp From Wikipedia te fe eclopedin The Scheduled Castes nd Tes Peston of , Atrocities) Act, 1989 was enacted by the Parliament of Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe _ D india (Act 33 of 1989), 10 prevent atrocities against (Prevention of Atrocities) Act and ‘ccheduled castes and schedulec tribes. The Act is. Rules 1995 DSopnmry known ab PON he IS ae he Prevention rarer scr igi the rc » » > » dD > > Dp vrmined Date 11 Sepemper 1989 » » > > » D> Dd D. ocereantalioksgss p98 9E8227472N61 pa «parma provisions ofthe exiting ows ie. the anced nection of Civil Rights Act 195S and finn Penal Date 51 Ma 1995 (pes a Code have been found inadequate 1 check these commenced (wipsociausice ic cities! continuing the gross indignities and ottences ‘owe tpysid—11 sins! Scheduled Castes an Iibes. Recoynivine these ‘ne Parliament passed "Scheduled Caste and Schedule! Tre (Prevention of Avocites) Act 1989 & Rates 23 Decemer 201 (Radstone nope 98. The watemen of objects and reasons appended to ced hy opepcsies ‘he Bil hide mosing the same in the Parient. seas srOneA20Neeat este vorions measures to improve the ’ ‘wna sscineermomiecandivions of SCA Ti thes Soe RO Mee genoa qu ions” eh 8S gud soa BE 7 i oan .sitenwikipdin ory wiki Soe dle, y and Sete (a {remain vulnerable. They are denied a mumber of til righ: they are subjected to various Preeig ste semen! offences, indignities, humiliations ana ‘ehedied eases and shee es harassment. They have. n several Seatal ‘eters, been deprived of thetr life und Property Serious eirocties are commuted agora ‘them for various historical, social and canon and cover Torr was made coy Forany such offence Ihe SCsand STs (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 with stringeat provisions (which extends wy whole of @ Mayeeeh the State of nm & Kashi was enacted on 9 epee on Section 23() oF the Act fromthe ent Government ame ues for crying om te peo oh Drawing power (nits sci ih Shee Castes and the Scheduled Tes eer es) ues OF 1995. @ ‘ww famed The rules forthe Aet were notified on 31 Mac sone Jaen 2a ielson of Dali ino tdi society. bt the Act has fled *simited by the Union Minister fr Home Aisin planer on 30 ase She purpose oF the Aet was ‘lve opto ts expectat 2419 (quoted tek Contents + UHisorical etch 2 widespread prevalence + 30bjectives Salient tatu * 5 Detining stoeu . + 6 Special Courts + Mavestigation + $ Compensation + 9 Reco : + 1Drawhoets and lcunee S101 Bus [ 1@@ 0002000262408 888pes cose ind Seeded Tribe (Prevention of Arosies) Ack. aERATPEeSTe + 102 Legal sytem +103 Rehabilitation + 10a Lack of awareness 110.5 Some atrocities not covered 1 106 Dalits in ther eligions not covered 421 Empowering provisions Tt Migration 2112 Legal ai + 12 Givi society response 12.1 Monitoring implemertation 1 12.2 Filing PILS for implementation 1 1213 National coalition to strengthen the Act 112.4 Continuous monitoring «13 Prevention of atrocities act 1989 = 18 See aso 115 External inks * lo References: © 17 External inks Historical sketch lu modem times, atrocities against the Scheduled Castes can be traced back tothe 1th century in parts OF "Jen ihe system practice of "w ouchabyliy” Regan to be challenged ty the “Untouchables | sa ae hich toured Drish India in the 192080 review the working ofthe Government of India Act erornued that many atrocities were being commited during those days against the "Untouchables but “vere going unnoticed and unpunished because wit regio give evidence, Dr inst iis in is submission to "Setar th LC of Bombay, ted sme early instances ol a Commis Simon Caps) on behalf the Bais navi Sabb on 29 May 1928. ve postndependence era wos mark by requentintanes of acts springing up ares he county eerie ihe sesassinaion of the youn. cated Daf leader Emmanuel Sekron in Tamil Nad fo argsat the untouchabilty based inte dicts on SCS, which resulted io the Ramanathapuram 015. of 1997: Sore eamani asanere of 42 Dali's in 1968 in Tamit Nad the gruesome king of Dat Kote > eashochera in T5BD in Anda Pradesh: We lings of 10 STs by poic in coenccion wih an Fapate in Inavatin Anda Pradesh n 1978. All such events shook ihe then notional kasi, ene aaet esse fom Dalit MPs. the Government of Indi started monitoring tries gaint SCs Ho, Ook can the east OFST rom 1981 onwards, with special Focus oa mur ape, arson and rieyuus woitiescontinucd 19 sse with feecity and frequency - for exampke. in Bihar the massacres of SCS4 ‘duieh in 1979 and a Pipa in 1080: in Uttar Pradesh the massacce folloseing a SC bridegroom ring nrpeck at Kaftan 1980, in Madhya Pradesh the ily of Bacchdas in Manisa esti in V9R2: i ‘Rha tein in plc rion 1 S21 Bahn Saibgan dsr w TORS, nal ch cnet sa tear both the nional And state levels avoided addressing basic contrition, waoeraiiies ant anenive factors the weatmen as mainly symptomatic and patie iastead ofthe requited radical sjatens Under continued pressure trom Dalit MPs and political leaders. rhe mite and grow of the SHFPOSSCHASOSOP# SSS OTE VVY VT MYT OD we oO ae?escent muses. hapten. owii/Sceded é- | 987, he announced that an Act would be passed, if necessary, 10 check atrocities“ a Necessity : 4 and Soke Te Naina Commision for SCs and ST in 1980 on Aros om Scheduled Cae inden eg emt ond Remedies pointed ou vaio aia airs forsee et on Cara a ented boundedness: non-payment o minimum wages cane peer aoe Tuetouchabiliy: piel factions on ease ne, reTarTOperfom adie! acs as digging bur i ccmatahs removing carcasses of dead animals and beating drums ete. THe deshonee hs ies i traceable tothe easte system, which “encompase ‘on the bass ofthe so-called ritual purity. A peison is Considered » bom and remains wi hin that caste uti death.) Atrocities rooted in caste system Scare usta npr SCs have ten pysially and socially ented fo mainsisam sci, saree Saou and see, to Usciinated agit in allarens ole Accosaneh tes oe various foams of expoitation insults and Supe! tute and workdvew of thei own, “Women belonging these castes and ibe one burden They wer explated by case and ynder. and were arabe aed ae 161 zi exploitation Continuing widespread prevalence enacted the Untouchabiity become the Protection of Givi ighis (PCR) Act. Under the cy untouchabilty” as a result of religious oopholes, the levels of punishments 8 more comprehensive and “The eg Act was required io protest SCéand STs Tom viknce commited ty are This ive rise 10 the SC/ST (PoA) AcitT989, Objectives {hs asc objective an purpose of sis more eonprshensive ad more po soupy enunciated when the Bil was inroduced in the Lok Sub seit various measures a ixprve the siarecomomic conditions ofthe SCs em St rex ream udmerle.. They have, inseverl raul incident een dep veto thee ay pn eet ofthe awareness crete. tingh spread of education ete, when De unser etn ae ei practices of uch aqui them demand stor a or elec todo ary banded and forced lathe vestel mesens ry toca then dong nt ; satu 'OBOCOOCSSSOSCOASTSHAREEETe enon ines Preweion of Axes) Ack. raha tien oy wih Sebel Case_ or Sched Trt a @ saurorse them. When te Sc and STs try o preserve their self respec or hon of their women ‘hey become irritants for the dominan and the mighy, Under the circumstanees, the existing ls ike the Protection of Cul Righis Ac 1958. ond the ‘ermal provisions of te Indian Penol Cade have been found to be inadequate to check ond eer Sg deca them commited by non SCs en nan. he Cosiered meets thr voy ‘the term ‘atrocity’ shod be defined, but eso stringent me or hight punishment for comms ian ertories to tate specific prevenve and piniive measreso prec! Sev ond Sees ‘sing vitinized and sere divacties are commited. iv provide aleynote relief andeancc a rehabilitate them) ® Tre objectives ofthe Act therfore, very clear justice to SC/ST communities rough affirmati igsity and self-esteem and without fear. vile iy emphasise the intention ofthe Indian state to deliver ive action inorder to enable them olive in soiety with CE Or Suppression from the dominant castes") ‘The Supreme Court of Indi to reiterate the significance and importance ofthe Act!®l The offences of atrocities are committed to humiliate and subjugote the SCvand STs with view to cep them ina sate ofrvitude, Hence, they onsite w separane clan of oftecon ont oe tee hh ae DN ef fn Snare wh offencesunder the Indian Pen Salient features re eer orSCIST Ac and Rules can be divided into thee efferent categories covering varity of ‘sues elated to atrocities against SCVST people and ther posin in soles * Be fis category contains provisions of criminal law, It establishes criminal liaily fora number of Reteally defined atoctes, and extends he scope of certain categories upeulzaons oven {he Indian Penal Code (IPC). — CE natniad (aa) {The second category coniains provisions for relief and compensation for victims oF atrocities. * Te thi eatepory contains provisions that eablih special authors forthe ipomesiaaon and ‘monitoring ofthe Act. ee ‘alent Features ofthe Act ste {tration of new types offences nthe indian Penal Code (IPC) ain he Pitetion of Cit Righs Act 1955 (PeRay ‘Commission of offences anh bv specified nexsons (atrocities can be commited only by non-SCs an spn STs. on member ofthe SC or ST communis, Crimes among SCa unl Ss oboe one aon Seiseunol come under he purview ofthis Ac AP ee Detines various pes of anv aan SCS (Scetin 3140 xe aa 312} vip 1 BRBEABS serngen pishonnt toe such stoi Section 3{1}iwo xe and 83h wy vg Enhanced punishment forsome offences (Section 32)! to vl 3) ‘6 Eshanced minimum punisiment Tor public servants (Section 32) 2, Pnihment for bec ofduies EBS Se ee Attachment and forfgiure oF property (Section 7. 8. ExtemifEn of point olleners (Section 101), 103). 103). 10 Crea of Spec Courts / sw socalsice nie invexcourt.phip) (Section 1 rVTVVvreweseeeeeegegsehoees Seto wets ’ssiescam escent ne vane Anca, meneame a mm 1 Appointment of Special Publi Prosecutors (Section 5). a 12, Empowers the government to impose collective fines (Section 16) Al 13, Cancellation of arms iences inthe aras identified where an alrocty may tke place or has taken ace (Rule Si) and seize all illegal fie arms (Rule Si) 14. Grant arms licences to SCs and STs (Rule 3), 15. Denial of anteparary bal {Section 18), 16. Deiial of probation to convict (Section 19). 17. Provides compensation, relief and rehabilitation for vietims of atrocities or thir legal heirs (Section 19G), 212i, Rae 11,1204)" 18, Identification of atrocity prone areas (htp//onww sociaustice ni inpronea (Section 17(1),21@)vi Rll 41). 19. Setting up deterenis to avoid eommitng of atrocities on the SCs amongst thers (Rule 3:10 3) 20, Seung up mandatory, erode moioring syste at diferent level (Section 2 (2) hppegeid=1) (Disc level (Rule Sei A). A). 17) @ Save O19 118 ae ‘ National eve (Section 21(2).213). 214) Oh Fogether with the ues, provides framework for monitoring the 3 response tothe atrocities agains Scheduled Casts and Scheduled Tribes, Acai (othe At ond Rules tee are tobe monthly ep {Com he Diet Magistrate) quarterly review meting the dit evel y the Dial Monitoring and Vilas Commitee {OVMC) an bal yar sevies by 25 ember Sate Monworng ad Vignes Commitee (SYMC) the cad by the Chet Bins The performance of every Spr PUM (St?) wl ala have tobe veviewed by the Dretor ef Public roserutons (DPF) vey repvs have tobe sen the cena goverment by 31 Mah every year, he Aet and Rls ae a potent mechanism and precision instruments that ean be vised in tandem with the {ight To Information (RT) Aet 2005 10 motivate the sates Hold the mandatory meetings and enforce compliance. A Human Rights Defenders Mentoring Calenda (hitp/Zopenspace orginiles ‘SCST3%420PA%20DHRD4620monitoriny’*20calendarxls) has been developed from the Act and ules to help human rights defenders. andthe fusions and duties ofthe monitoring authors (the SVMC and YMC) (anipifopenspace.om in ilesINote%200n%20VMC pal) Defining ‘atrocity’ {he eam aocty was not dined un this Act was passed by the Parliament in 1989. n legal parlance. "he Act understands he term to mean ap offence punishable under sections 3(1) and 3(2). In specific vers: 1. Atmcity i “an expression commonly abs W retort crimes agin Scheduled Canes (SCF Seeded Hibes (STs) in Indi 2 Wenotes the quality oP being shockingly crcl ant shim. hese th: Yeon ‘rime rls an vet punishble by fw" {Wiles “any fence under the li Penal Code (IPC) commit against SCs by none ‘wns atin STs hy non-ST persons Case consideration 35 such an atfence in ease of staciey" 4 signifies “crimes which have iagredicns of inction af sfering none form or the other tht “ul be include for reporting”, This is base nthe assunpon Hat “where the vit i 1. mronthby @rpost = Om te SUM uienkes Cuieued Anqual CHeosd be OG sy Corey iri access to athe SOSHORAOSKRSHKOHRERRGAEHRAARSASAREAES eepd Casi and Scheduled Tribe (Prevention of Atocities) Aci... MaymMen.wikipedi.crywit/Scpeduied Caste and, Scheduled_Te oe : are members of Sede Castes ad the offenders o at blng io Scheduled Castes case / Consideration ae realy the ot couse ofthe ne eventhough ease onseatrs aya the © Vvadand minimum motive forthe ere’ “The Ac fits 2 offences relating various patterns of behaviours infitng criminal offences for shattering the selFeSpect sid esteem of SCsand STs, denial of economic, democratic and social ight,

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