MỘT SỐ CẤU TRÚC CƠ BẢN ĐỂ VIẾT CÂU LỚP 9 Ex: We believed that we would find a solution.

However, we went
1. wrong.
It + take + (O) + time + to -V = S + spend + time + V- ing + sth Ex: Thomas has lived in the village for 10 years. Nevertheless, the
(Ai mất bao thời gian làm gì) villagers still considered him to be an outsider.
Ex: It took her 3 hours to get to the city centre. 7.
   = She spent 3 hours getting to the city centre. S + succeed in doing sth = S + manage to do sth
2. (thành công, nỗ lực)
S + understand = S + be aware of … (hiểu, nhận thức) Ex: We succeeded in climbing Mount Everest
ex: Do you understand the grammar structure?    = We managed to climb Mount Everest
   = Are you aware of the grammar structure? 8.
3. S + be + too + adj + (for O) + to -V
S + like/ love/ enjoy + V-ing/ N = S + be + so + adj + that + S + V (quá … (cho ai) không thể …
= S + be interested in /keen on/ fond of + V-ing/N (thích/ say mê…) Ex: The water is too hot for Peter to drink. 
Ex: She likes badminton. = She is interested in badminton. = The water is so hot that Peter can't drink it.
Ex: They enjoy collecting stamps. = They are fond of collecting … 9.
4. S + V + too + adv + to - V = S + V + so + adv + that + S + can’t + V
Because / As/ Since + clause = Because of /Due to + N/ V-ing Ex: She spoke too fast for me to understand.
(Bởi vì, Do) = She spoke so fast that I couldn’t understand her.
Ex: He can’t move because his leg was broken. 10.  
   = He can’t move because of his broken leg S + be + not + adj + enough + to - V. (đủ … (cho ai ) có thể làm gì)
5. = S + be + so + adj + that + S + can + V
Although + clause = Despite/ In spite of + N/V-ing Ex: Tom is tall enough to take part in basketball team.
(Mặc dù / Bất chấp) = Tom is so tall that he can take part in basketball team.
Ex: Although she is old, she still works very hard. 10. Chuyển câu từ “too” sang “enough” và ngược lại:
   = Despite/ In spite of her old age, she still ….. S + be + too + adj + to + V
6. = S + be + not + adj (mang nghĩa ngược lại) + enough + to + V
Ex: The film is too boring for us to see from the beginning to the end.
S + V but S + V = S + V. However, / Nevertheless, S + V
= The film isn’t interesting enough for us to see from ………..
(Nhưng / Tuy nhiên, tuy thế, tuy vậy)
11. so … that … và … such … that …

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 S + be + so + adj + that + S + V (quá … đến nỗi mà) 18.
=  S + be + such + (a/ an) + N(s) + that + S +V S + be not worth doing sth = There is no point in doing sth:
Ex: The boy is so smart that he can do all the exercises in 10 minutes. (không đáng / vô ích khi làm gì)
= He is such a smart boy that he can do all the exercises in 10 minutes.
12. Ex: It’s not worth making him get up early. (Gọi anh ấy dậy sớm không
S + would prefer + O + to - V = S + would rather S + V- ed/ V2 + sth: có ích gì đâu.)   = There is no point in making him getting early.
(thích, muốn ai làm gì) 19. 
ex: I’d prefer you (not) to smoke here = I’d rather you (not) smoked here It seems that … = It appears that … = It is likely that …
Ex: I would prefer (I'd prefer) you to drive, if you don’t mind. = It looks as if/ as though: (Có vẻ như = có vẻ như = có khả năng =
= I would rather you drove, if you don’t mind. nó trông như thể / như vậy)
14. Ex: It seems that he will come late. (Có khả năng anh ấy sẽ đến muộn)
S + can + V = S + be + able to - V = S + be + possible to -V = It appears that/ it is likely he will come late
(có thể làm gì) = He is likely to come late.  = It looks as if he will come late
20. 
S + often + V. = S + be accustomed to + V- ing (quen với …)
15. ĐẢO NGỮ với HARDLY - WHEN; NO SOONER -THAN = S + be used to +V- ing/ N
Hardly + had + S + PII when + S + V2/-ed Ex: I am used to getting up early in the morning. (Tôi đã quen với việc
⇔ No sooner + had + S + PII than + S + V2/-ed dậy sớm) = I am accustomed to getting up early in the morning
(ngay sau khi … thì …) = I often get up …
ex: Hardly had I left the house when he appeared/ showed up Ex: Nana often cries when she meets with difficulties. 
   = No sooner had I left the house than he appeared/ showed up. = Nana is used to crying when she meets with difficulties
16. Đảo ngữ với NO LONGER 21. Một số cấu trúc liên quan đến thì HTHT:
not……….. any more: (không còn làm gì nữa) S + (last) + V QKĐ …..+ when … / ago. (Ai đã làm gì lần cuối)
= No longer + dạng đảo ngữ + S = … no more + V. ↔ S + haven’t/ hasn’t + PII + since… / for… (bỏ last)
ex: I don’t live in the countryside any more. (Ai không làm gì được bao lâu/ từ khi nào)
    = No longer do I live in the countryside Ex: I last saw her when I was a student / 2 years ago.
 = I no more live in the countryside  I haven’t seen her since I was a student / for 2 years.
17. Đảo ngữ với: At no time (không khi nào, chẳng khi nào) The last time + S + V QKĐ + ….. + was in (at….) / was ….. ago
ex: I don’t think she loves me. = At no time do I think she loves me. ↔ S + haven’t/ hasn’t + PII + since / for ………..

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 (Lần cuối cùng ai làm gì là khi nào / cách bao lâu  Ai không làm This is the + so sánh bậc nhất (...est/ most adj) + N + S + have/has +
gì được bao lâu/ từ khi nào) PII => S + have/ has + never + PII+ such a/an + adj + N
Ex: The last time I heard him WAS in August. => S+ have/ has never + PII + a more + adj+ N + than this.
↔ I haven’t heard him since August. Ex: This is the most interesting novel I have ever read.
S + started/ began + V-ing/ to -V ………… + ago/ when … => I have never read such an interesting novel.
↔ S + have/ has + PII + since / for ……. (bỏ start / begin) => I have never read a more interesting novel than this (one/ novel)
Ex: - He started working for this factory a year ago.
 He has worked for this factory since last year / for a year. 16. Các cấu trúc liên quan đến câu so sánh. (Chuyển đổi từ cấu trúc
S + haven’t/ hasn’t + PII + …… + before ngang bằng - so sánh hơn - so sánh hơn nhất)
↔ It / This is the first time + S + have/ has + PII (bỏ before) Ex: Sally is the tallest girl in her class
= S + was/ were + not used to + Ving/ N => No one in Sally’s class is as tall as her.
(Trước đây chưa bao giờ làm gì = Đây là lần đầu làm gì = Trước đây => No one in Sally’s class is taller than her.
không quen làm gì) - Cấu trúc tăng tiến cấp độ:
Ex: I haven’t seen that film before. Ex: The 8-year-old bride movie is more and more interesting.
It / This is the first time I have seen that film. (Phim cô dâu 8 tuổi càng ngày càng hay)
Ex: This is the first time I have seen so many people crying at the end  - Cấu trúc càng... càng:
of the movie.  The + so sánh hơn + S + V, the + so sánh hơn + S + V
= I was not used to seeing so many people crying at the end of the movie. Ex: The older he is, the less he wants to travel. (Càng lớn tuổi, anh ta
S + haven’t/ hasn’t + PII + for + time càng ít muốn đi du lịch)
↔ It’s + time + since + S (last) + V QKĐ (bỏ for) S + like sth/ doing sth better than sth/ doing sth (thích làm gì … hơn)
(Ai đó không làm gì được bao lâu = Đã bao lâu rồi kể từ khi ai đó = S + would rather + V + than + V
làm gì lần cuối) = S + prefer sth/ doing sth to sth/ doing sth...
Ex: I haven’t seen my father for one month. Ex: I prefer going shopping to playing volleyball. 
 It’s one month since I last saw my father = I would rather go shopping than play volleyball. 
VD tổng hợp: Ex: It last snowed 2 weeks ago. (Trời có tuyết rơi = I like going shopping better than playing ……
cách đây 2 tuần) => It hasn’t snowed for 2 weeks
=> It’s 2 weeks since it last snowed. It’s + adj (for O) to do sth: (Ai đó làm gì như thế nào)
=> The last time it snowed was 2 weeks ago. => Doing sth + is + adj (for O)
SO SÁNH của tính từ: => S + find + Ving + adj = S + find + it + adj + to do sth

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 => S + find + N + adj + to do - Lời khuyên:
Ex: It’s difficult for me to wake up early in the morning. S + should/ought to/ had better + V = Why don’t you + V?
=> Waking up early in the morning is difficult for me. = If I were you, I would/ wouldn’t + V = S + advised sb + (not) to - V
=> I find waking up early in the morning difficult. Ex:"If I were you, I would save some money" she said
=> I find it difficult to wake up in the morning. => She advised me to save some money.
Ex: I find English interesting to study. "You shouldn’t believe him" Jane said to Peter.
14. Các cấu trúc liên quan đến câu gián tiếp => Jane advised Peter not to believe him.
- Đề nghị: Suggest - Câu mời:
Shall we + V…? = Let's + V... = /How/ What about + V- ing? Would you like + to - V? (Bạn có muốn …?)
= Why don’t we + V …? = S+ offered Sb Sth ( mời ai cái gì)
=> S + suggested + Ving  đề nghị cùng làm gì. S+ offered to do Sth = S + invited sb + to V (Đề xuất / Mời ai làm gì)
Ex: "Why don’t we go out for a walk?" said the boy.
=> The boy suggested going out for a walk Ex: Would you like a cup of coffee, Peter?" I said.
=> I offered Peter a cup of coffee. (Tôi mời Peter một tách cà phê)
- Gợi ý cho người khác: Ex: "Would you like me to clean the house for you" he said.
"Why don’t you + V? (Tại sao bạn không …?) => He offered to clean the house for me.
=> S + suggested + that + S+ (should/shouldn't) + V Ex: "Would you like to go to the cinema with me tonight?" he said.
Ex: "Why don’t you have a rest?" he said to her. => He invited me to go to the cinema with him that night.
=> He suggested that she should have a rest. - Dặn dò:
- Cáo buộc: S + remember + to do Sth = S + don’t forget + to do Sth
S + accused + Sb of doing sth (Buộc tội ai làm gì) => S remind Sb to do Sth. (Nhắc ai làm gì)
Ex: "You stole the money on the table", she said to him Ex: He told me: "Don’t forget to come here on time tomorrow".
=> She accused him of stealing the money on the table. => He reminded me to come there on time the next day.
- Thừa nhận hoặc phủ nhận: Ex: She said to all of us: "Remember to submit the report by this
S + admitted (thừa nhận)/ denied (phủ nhận) + Ving / having PII. Thursday"
Ex: He said "Yes, I did" => She reminded all of us to submit the report by that Thursday.
=> He admitted stealing/ having stolen the money on the table (Cô ấy nhắc nhở tất cả chúng tôi nộp báo cáo vào thứ năm đó)
Ex: He said: “No, I didn’t" - Cảm ơn:
=> He denied stealing/ having stolen the money on the table Thank Sb for Ving/ N. (Cám ơn ai về việc / cái gì)

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Ex: "Thank you for helping me finish this project” he said to us. Ex: We get him to look after our house when we are on business.
=> He thanked us for helping him finish that project. = We have him look after our house when we are on business.
Ex: “Thank you for this lovely present." I said to him. => We get our house looked after (by him) when we are on business
=> I thanked him for that lovely present. = We have our house looked after (by him) when we are on business
- Xin lỗi: - Bị động với Make:
S + apologized to sb for Ving. ( Xin lỗi ai về việc gì) Chủ động: S + make Sb do sth. ( làm cho/ khiến cho)
Ex: "Sorry, I broke your vase" he said to his mother. Bị động: S + be made to do Sth
=> He apologized to his mother for breaking her vase. Ex: The teacher made the students work hard.
- Khen ngợi: => The students were made to work hard.
S congratulated Sb on Ving. (Chúc mừng ai về việc gì) Câu bị động kép:
Ex: "Congratulations! You won the first prize" he said to me. People (S1) say/ think/ believe /expect (V1) … S2 + V2
=> He congratulated me on winning the first prize. => It + be said / thought / believed / expected (PII của V1) + that S2+ V2
- Đe dọa: => S2 + be said / thought / believed / expected (PII của V1) to - V2/ to
S + threatened (sb) + to -V/ not to -V : đe doạ (ai) làm gì have PII (của V2)
Ex: He said " I will kill you if you don’t do that "
=> He threatened to kill me if I didn’t do that Ex1: People say that he drinks a lot of wine.
15. Chú ý đến các dạng cấu trúc trong câu điều kiện => It is said that he drinks a lot of wine.
- Unless = If … not. => He is said to drink a lot of wine.
Ex: If you don’t have a visa, you cannot come to America Ex2: They said that the boy broke the window.
=> Unless you have a visa, you cannot come to America => It was said that the boy broke the window.
Ex: If that hat costs much, I will buy a small one. => The boy was said to have broken the window.
 Unless that hat costs much, I will not buy a small one. Với “should”
Chủ động: S + should (not) + do sth
17. Các cấu trúc liên quan đến bị động đặc biệt: Bị động: Sth + should (not) + be + PII
Với Have /Get
Chủ động: S + have Sb do sth = S + get Sb to do sth Ex: Don’t forget to do your homework before class.
(Nhờ, bảo ai làm gì) = You should do your homework before class.
Bị động: S + have Sth done = S + get Sth + done (Có cái gì được = Your homework should be done before class.
người khác làm cho )

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 Its one’s duty to do sth = S + be + supposed to do sth: = He translated both fast and correctly. 
(có nghĩa vụ làm gì)
It was not until … that (mãi cho tới khi)
Ex: It's your duty to protect me ↔ You are supposed to protect me. S + didn't + V + …. until …
I + let + O + do sth = S + allow + S. O + to do Sth ⇔ It was not until + … + that + S + V- ed/ V2
(cho phép ai làm gì)
Ex: Nam didn't go home until he finishes all the tasks.
Ex: My parents never let me go out after 9 p.m ↔ It was not until Nam finished all the tasks that he went home.
= My parents never allow me to go out after 9 p.m (Mãi cho tới khi Nam hoàn thành xong hết mọi công việc thì cậu mới về
nhà)
Chỉ mục đích với: so that/ in order that / in order to / so as to:
Câu cảm thán:
S + V + because + S + want + to - V (… bởi muốn ai làm gì) It + be + adj = What + a + adj + N! = How + adj + S + be!
=> S + V + to + V (… để …) S + V + adv = How + adj + S + be + to - V
=> S + V + in order to / so as to + V (… để …)
=> S + V + so that / in order that + S + V (… để ai có thể làm gì ) Ex: It was an interesting film. = What an interesting film! (Bộ phim hay
làm sao!) = How interesting the film is!
Ex: She studies hard because she wants to pass the final examination.  Ex: She washes clothes quickly = How quick she is to wash clothes. 
= She studies hard to pass the final examination. (bỏ “want”) Một số cấu trúc khác cho các cụm từ thông dụng
= She studies hard in order to pass / so as to pass the final examination.  trong dạng bài viết lại câu.
= She studies hard so that / in order that she can pass the final examination. 
1 to look at (v) = to have a look at (n):     nhìn vào
2 to think about = to give thought to: nghĩ về
S + V + and + S + V = S + V + both... and … (vừa … vừa …) 3 to be determined to - V = to have a dự định
S + V + and + S + V, too. determination to -V : 
S + V + not only... + but also = S + V + both... and … 4 to intend to - V = to have intention of + dự định
(không những … mà còn …/ vừa … vừa …) V- ing : 
5 to know (about) = to have knowledge of:  biết
6 to tend to = to have a tendency to :  có khuynh hướng
Ex: He translated fast and correctly. (dịch nhanh và chính xác)
7 to desire to = have a desire to :  khao khát, mong
= He translated not only fast but also correctly.  muốn

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 8 to succeed in doing sth = manage to do sth:  làm việc gì thành Mệnh đề 1 + If + Mệnh đề 2, I can't go out because I don't have
công because + Mệnh đề 1 money.
9 to meet Sb = to have a meeting with Sb :  gặp ai Mệnh đề 2
10 to try to -V = to make an effort to/ to make cố gắng  If I had money, I could go out.
an attempt to : 
11 to warn = to give warning :  báo động, cảnh
báo Chuyển đổi câu IF … NOT sang UNLESS
12 to kiss Sb = to give Sb a kiss :  hôn 1. If … not ⇔ Unless …
13 to welcome Sb = to give Sb a welcome :  chào đón Lưu ý: Không được thay đổi loại câu điều kiện, chỉ được thay đổi nghĩa
14 to laugh at = to give a laugh at :  cười nhạo phủ định hay nghi vấn của nó
15 to cry = to give a cry :  khóc kêu
Ex1: If it doesn't rain, we can go picnic. (Nếu trời không mưa …)
16 to photograph = to have a photograph of :  chụp hình
17 to drink = to have a drink :  uống = Unless it rains, we can go picnic.
18 to be interested in = to have interest in :  thích Ex2: If that hat costs much, I will buy a small one.
19 to call/ ring Sb = to give Sb a call/ a ring :  gọi điện cho…  Unless that hat costs much, I will not buy a small one.
20 to explain Sth = to give an explanation for :  giải thích
21 understand = to be aware of:  hiểu, nhận thức Chuyển đổi câu điều ước với WISH / IF ONLY
22 to talk to = to have a talk with :  nói chuyện
23 to decide to = to make a decision to :  quyết định
24 to discuss Sth = to have a discussion thảo luận về … Cấu trúc Ví dụ
about/on /of : 
Câu ước ở S + wish (es) + She won't come back here.
25 to visit Sb = to pay a visit to Sb / to pay Sb a thăm viếng
visit :  tương lai S + would + V ↔ I wish she would come back here.
26 to wish = to have a wish / to express a wish :  ao ước
Câu ước ở S + wish (es) + 1. I don't have lots of money.
hiện tại S + V2/- ed ↔ I wish I could have lots of money.
Biến đổi CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN tương đương:
/S + were … = I wish I had lots …
Câu gốc Câu biến đổi Ví dụ 2. She wishes she were a singer.
Mệnh đề 1  If + Mệnh đề 1, Janet didn't bring her Câu ước ở S + wish (es) + I didn't say that I love him.
+ so + Mệnh Mệnh đề 2 raincoat, so she got wet. quá khứ S + had + V3/-ed ↔ I wish I had said that I loved him.
đề 2  If Janet had brought her
raincoat, she wouldn't have got wet

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