SOLVED SUBJECTIVE EXAMPLES

Example 1 :
x 2 y2 x 2 y2
A tangent to the hyperbola   1 cuts the ellipse  1 in points P and Q. Find the
a 2 b2 a 2 b2
locus of the midpoint of PQ.
Solution :
x 2 y2
Let M(x1, y1) be the midpoint of the chord PQ of the ellipse 2  2 1 .
a b
2 2 2
Equation of PQ is xx21  yy21  x12  y12  y   b 2xx
1 b2  x12 y12 
   
a b a b a y1 y1  a2 b2 

2 2
This is tangent to the hyperbola x  y  1
a 2 b2
2 2
b4  x 2 y2  b4 x 2  2 2
 2 2
if 2  12  12   a 2 4 12  b 2   x12  y12   x12  y12
y1  a b  a y1 a b  a b

2 2 2 2 2
Hence locus of (x1, y1) is  x  y   x  y
 a 2 b 2  a 2 b2
 
Example 2 :
x 2 y2
A straight line is drawn parallel to the conjugate axis of the hyperbola   1 to meet it and
a 2 b2
the conjugate hyperbola respectively in the point P and Q. Show that the normals at P and Q to the
curves meet on the x-axis.
Solution :
Let P(a sec  , b tan  ) be a point on the hyperbola, and Q(a tan  , b sec  ) be a point on the
conjugate hyperbola.  a sec  = atan   sec  = tan 
Equation of the normal to the hyperbola
x 2 y2 a tan 
2
 2 1 at P is y – b tan  =  (x – b sec  )
a b b sec 
a sec 
Equation of the normal to the conjugate hyperbola at Q is y – b sec  = – (x  a tan )
b tan 
Eliminate x and use sec  = tan 
We get y (sec  – tan  ) = 0  y= 0
Hence the normals meet on the x-axis.
Example 3 :
x 2 y2
From a point G on the transverse axis of the hyperbola   1 , GL is drawn perpendicular to
a 2 b2
one of its asymptotes. Also Gp is a normal to the curve at P. Prove that LP is parallel to the
conjugate axis.
Solution :
Let P(a sec  , btan  ) be any point on the hyperbola
Equation of the normal at P is ax cos  + by cot  = a2 + b2.
It meets the x-axis (transverse axis) at y = 0

2 2  a 2  b2 
 x = a  b G   sec , 0 
sec    a 
a
The equation of line perpendicular to the asymptote bx – ay = 0 and passing through G, i.e.,
a a 2  b2 
equation of GL is y = –  x  sec  
b a 
 ax + by = (a2 + b2) sec 
Its intersection with the asymptote bx – ay = 0 gives x = a sec  . So the x coordinate of
L is a sec  , which is equal to the x-coordinate of the point P
 LP is parallel to the y-axis  LP is parallel to the conjugate axis.

Example 4 :
A variable straight line of slope 4 intersects the hyperbola xy = 1 at two points. Find the locus of the
point which divides the line segment between these points in the ratio 1 : 2. [IIT-1997]
Solution :
Let the line be y = 4x + c. It meets the curve xy = 1 at
x (4x + c) = 1  4x2 + cx –1  x1 + x2 = –c/4
2
Also y (y – c) = 4  y – cy – 4 = 0  y1 + y2 = c
Let the point which divides the line segment in the ratio 1 : 2 be (h, k)
x1  2 x 2
 h  x2 = 3h + c/4  x1 = –c/2 – 3h
3
y1  2 y 2
Also  k  y2 = 3k – c  y1 = –3k + 2c
3
Now (h, k) lies on the line y = 4x + c  k = 4h + c  c = k – 4h
 x1 = –k/2 + 2h – 3h = –h – k/2 and y1 = –3k + 2k – 8h = –k – 8h
 16h2 + k2 + 10hk = 2. Hence locus of (h, k) is 16x2 + y2 + 10 xy = 2

Example 5 :
Prove that if normal to the hyperbola xy = c2 at point t meets the curve again at a point t1 then
t3 t1 + 1 = 0.
Solution :
Equation of normal at point t i.e., (ct, c/t) is
 c
y – xt2 = (1 – t4) ... (1)
t
It meets the curve again at t1 then (ct1, c/t1) must satisfy (1)
c c 1 1
  ct1t 2  (1  t 4 )   t 1t 2   t 3
t1 t t1 t
1 1 2
   t ( t  t 1 )  0  ( t  t1 ) (1 + t3t ) = 0
t1 t tt1 1

Clearly t  t1  t3 t1 + 1 = 0.
Example 6 :
The angle between a pair of tangents drawn from a point P to the parabola y2 = 4ax is 45°. Show
that the locus of the point P is a hyperbola. [IIT-1998]
Solution :
Let P ( ,  ) be any point on the locus. Equation of pair of tangents from P( ,  ) to the parabola
y2 = 4ax is
[  y  2a ( x  ) ]2  ( 2  4a) ( y 2  4ax )
[T2 = SS1] ... (i)
A = coefficient of x2 = 4a2
2H = coefficient of xy = –4 
and B = coefficient of y2 =  2 – (  2 – 4a  ) = 4a  .
Since the angle between the two lines of (1) is 45°, we have
2 H 2  AB
1 = tan45° =
AB
 (A + B) = 4 (H2 –AB)
2
 (4a2 + 4 a )2 = 4[a2  2 – (4a)2 (4a  )]
  2  6a  a 2   2  0 or (  3a ) 2   2  8a 2
The equation of required locus is (x + 3a)2 – y2 = 8a2
which is a hyperbola.
Alternate Solution
Equation of any tangent to hyperbola y2 = 4ax is
y = mx + a/m
which passes through (  ,  ) if
 = m + a/m or m2  – m  + a = 0 ... (1)
If m1 and m2 are roots of (1).
m1  m 2
m1 + m2 =  /  and m1m2 = a /  we have 1 = tan45° = 1  m m
1 2
 (1 + m1 m2)2 = (m1 – m2)2  (1 + m1m2)2 = (m1 + m2)2 – 4m1 m2
 (1 + a/  )2 = ( / ) 2 – 4a/ 

 (  + a)2 =  2 – 4a  or (  + 3a)2 –  2 = 8a2

The required locus is (x + 3a)2 –y2= 8a2 which is a hyperbola.
Example 7 :
Find the centre, eccentricity, foci, directories and the lengths of the transverse and conjugate axes
of the hyperbola, whose equation is (x – 1)2 –2 (y – 2)2 + 6 = 0

Solution :
The equation of the hyperbola can be written as (x – 1)2 – 2(y–2)2 + 6 = 0
Y2 x2
( x  1) 2 ( y  2) 2 2
 2
1
or –  1 or
 6 2
 3 2
 3  6 
Where Y = (y–2) and x = (x–1) ... (1)
 centre: X = 0, Y = 0 i.e., (x – 1) = 0, x = 1 & (y – 2) = 0, y = 2.
So a = 3 and b = 6 so transverse axis = 2 3 , and conjugate axis = 2 6 .
Also b2 = a2 (e2 – 1)
 6 = 3 (e2 – 1) i.e., e = 3
In (X, Y) coordinates, foci are (0,  ae)
i.e., (0,  3).  foci are (1, 2  3) i.e., (1, 5) and (1, –1)
Equations of directories, Y =  a/e.
 directrices y – 2 =  3 / 3   1 or y = 3, y = 1

Example 8 :
Find the equation and angle between the asymptotes of the hyperbola
x2 + 2xy – 3y2 + x + 7y + 9 = 0
Solution :
Let the combined equation of asymptotes x2 + 2xy – 3y2 + x + 7y +  = 0
If it represents pair of straight lines
abc + 2fgh – af 2 – bg2 – ch2 = 0
 = –23/16
 Asymptotes x2 + 2xy – 3y2 + 7y – 23/16 = 0
Required angle =  tan–12.
Example 9 :
Prove that the locus of a point whose chord of contact touches the circle inscribed on the straight
line joining the foci of the hyperbola x2/a2 – y2 / b2 = 1 as diameter is x2/a4 + y2 / b4 = 1/(a2 + b2).
Solution :
Circle on the join of foci (ae, 0) and (–ae, 0) diameter is (x – ae) (x + ae) + (y – 0) (y – 0) = 0
i.e., x2 + y2 = a2e2 = a2 + b2 ... (i) [ a2e2 = a2 + b2]
Let chord of contact of P (x1, y1) touch the cirlce (i)
Equation of chord of contact of P is [T = 0]
xx1/a2 – yy1 /b2 = 1 i.e., b2x1x–a2 y1y – a2 b2 = 0 ... (ii)
a 2b2
  (a 2  b 2 )
 4 2
(b x  a y ) 4 2
1 1

Hence locus of P (x1, y1) is (b4x2 + a4y2) (a2 + b2) = a4b4 .

Example 10 :
1 1 
An ellipse has eccentricity and one focus at the point P , 1 . Its one directrix is common
2 2 
tangent to the circle x2 + y2 = 1 and the hyperbola x2 – y2 = 1, nearer to P. The equation of the
ellipse in the standard form.
Solution :
The circle x2 + y2 = 1 and the hyperbola x2 – y2 = 1 touch each other at the points (  1, 0) and the

common tangent at these point are x =  1. Since x = 1 is nearer to the focus P 1 , 1 , this is the
2 
directrix of the required ellipse.
1
Therefore, the major axis is parallel to the axis passing through the focus P ,1 . Hence the
2 
equation of the major axis is y = 1.
Let a be the length of the semi major axis of the ellipse and let the coordinates of the centre C of the
ellipse be (, 1) .
1 1
Then CP =   = a.e = a × ... (i) e  1 
2 2  2
a
and the distance of the directrix from the centre = . 2 2
x –y =1
e
a
 1–  =  2a ... (ii)
e x2 + y2 = 1
1 1
From (i) and (ii) we get a = and e  . x=1
3 2
If b is the length of the semi minor axis of the ellipse, then b2 = a2(1 – e2)
1 1 1
 b2 = 1   
9  4  12
2
 1
x  
3 ( y  1) 2
Hence the required equation of the ellipse is  2
 1
1 1
  12
 3
2
or  1 2
9  x   + 12(y – 1) = 1
 3
 SOLVED OBJECTIVE EXAMPLES
Example 1 :
The equation of a line passing through the centre of a rectangular hyperbola is x – y – 1 = 0. If one
of its asymptotes is 3x – 4y – 6 = 0, the equation of the other asymptote is
(A) 4x – 3y + 17 = 0 (B) –4x – 3y + 17 = 0
(C) –4x + 3y + 1 = 0 (D) 4x + 3y + 17 = 0
Solution :
We know that asymptotes of rectangular hyperbola are mutually perpendicular, thus other asymptote
should be 4x + 3y +  = 0. Intersection point of asymptotes is also the centre of the hyperbola.
Hence intersection point of 4x + 3y +  = 0 and 3x – 4y – 6 = 0 should lie on the line x–y–1 = 0,
using it  can be easily obtained.
Hence (D) is the correct answer.

Example 2 :
The locus of the middle points of chords of hyperbola 3x2 – 2y2 + 4x – 6y = 0 parallel to y = 2x is
(A) 3x – 4y = 4 (B) 3x – 4y + 4 = 0
(C) 4x – 4y = 3 (D) 3x – 4y = 2
Solution :
Let the mid point be (h, k). Equation of a chord whose mid point is (h, k) would be T = S1
or 3x h – 2yk + 2(x + h) – 3(y+k) = 3h2 – 2k2 + 4h – 6k
 x (3h + 2) –y (2k + 3) – (2h + 3k) – 3h2 + 2k2 = 0
3h  2
Its slope is = 2 (given)
2k  3
 3h = 4k + 4
 Required locus is 3x – 4y = 4
Hence (A) is the correct answer.

Example 3 :
x 2 y2
The tangent at a point P on the hyperbola  =1 meets one of the directrix in F. If PF
a 2 b2
subtends an angle  at the corresponding focus, then  equals
(A)  / 4 (B)  / 2
(C) 3 / 4 (D) 
Solution :
Let directrix be x = a/e and focus be S(ae, 0). Let P (a sec  , b tan  ) be any point on the curve.
x sec  y tan 
Equation of tangent at P is  = 1. Let F be the intersection point of tangent of
a b
 b(sec   e) 
directrix, then F =  a / e, 
 e tan  
 b(sec   e) b tan 
mSF  , m PS 
 2
e tan  (a  1) a(sec   e)  mSF .mPS = –1
Hence (B) is the correct answer.

Example 4 :
The line lx + my + n = 0 will be a normal to the hyperbola b2x2 – a2y2 = a2b2 if

a 2 b 2 (a 2  b 2 ) 2 a 2 b 2 (a 2  b 2 )2
(A) 2  2  (B) 2  2 
l m n2 l m n2

a 2 b 2 (a 2  b 2 ) 2
(C) 2  2  (D) none of these
l m n

Solution :
Equation of normal at (a sec  , btan  ) is
ax cos  + by cot  = a2 + b2
Comparing it with lx + my + n = 0 we get
a cos  b cot  (a 2  b 2 )
= 
l m n

l (a 2  b 2 ) m (a 2  b 2 ) bl
 cos  = and cot    sin  =
 an  nb am

b 2l 2 l 2 (a 2  b 2 ) 2 a 2 b 2 (a 2  b 2 ) 2
Thus +  1 or,  
a 2m 2 a 2n 2 l 2 m2 n2
Hence (B) is the correct answer.

Example 5 :
If (a sec  , btan  ) and (asec  , btan  ) be the coordinate of the ends of a focal chord of
x 2 y2  
 = 1, then tan tan equals to
a 2 b2 2 2

e 1 1 e
(A) (B)
e 1 1 e
1 e e 1
(C) (D)
1 c e 1
Solution :
Equation of chord connecting the points (asec  , b tan  ) and (asec  , b tan  ) is
 x   y    
cos    sin    cos  
a  2  b  2   2 

  
If it passes through (ae, 0); we have, ecos    cos  
 2   2 

  
cos   1  tan . tan
 2   2 2   1 e
 e=     tan . tan 
cos   1  tan tan 2 2 1 e
 2  2 2
Hence (B) is the correct answer.
Example 6 :
The point of intersection of the curves whose parametric equations are x = t3 + 1, y = 2t and x = 2s,
2
y= , is given by
s
(A) (1, –3) (B) (2, 2)
(C) (–2, 4) (D) (1, 2)
Solution :
x = t2 + 1, y = 2t  x – 1 = y2/2
x = 2s, y = 2/s  xy = 4
4 y2 3
For the point of intersection we have 1   y  4 y 16  0  y = 2  x = 2
y 4
Hence (B) is the correct answer.

Example 7 :
5
The equation of the hyperbola whose foci are (6, 5), (–4, 5) and eccentricity is
4
( x  1) 2 ( y  5) 2 x 2 y2
(A)  1 (B)  1
16 9 16 9
( x  1) 2 ( y  5) 2
(C)   1 (D) None of these
16 9
Solution :
S1  (6, 5); S2  (–4, 5), e = 5/4
 25 
S1S2 = 10  2ae = 10  a = 4 and b2 = a2 (e2 – 1) = 16   1  9
 16 
Centre of the hyperbola is (1, 5)
( x  1) 2 ( y  5) 2
 Equation of required hyperbola is  1
16 9
Example 8 :
The equation (x –  )2 + (y –  )2 = k(lx + my + n)2 represents
(A) a parabola for k < (l2 + m2)–1 (B) an ellipse for 0 < k < (l2 + m2)–1
(C) a hyperbola for k > (l2 + m2)–1 (D) a point circle for k = 0.
Solution :
2
 lx  my  n 
(x –  )2 + (   ) 2 = k (lx + my + n)2 = k (l2 + m2)  2

2 
 l  m 
PS
  k (l2 + m2). If k(l2 + m2) = 1, P lies on parabola
PM
If k(l2 + m2) < 1, P lies on ellipse
If k(l2 + m2) > 1, P lies on hyperbola
If k = 0, P lies on a point circle
Hence (B), (C), (D) are correct.
Example 9 :
x 2 y2
The point on the hyperbola   1 which is nearest to the line 3x + 2y + 1 = 0 is
24 18
(A) (6, 3) (B) (–6, 3)
(C) (6, –3) (D) (–6, –3)
Solution :
Equation of tangent is ( 24 sec , 18 tan ) is
x sec  y tan  , then point is nearest to the line 3x + 2y + 1 = 0.
 1
24 18
3 sec  18 3 1
so its slope = –     sin  = –
2 24 tan  2 3
Hence the point is (6, –3)
Hence (C) is the correct answer.
Example 10 :
The locus of a point, from where tangents to the rectangular hyperbola x2 – y2 = a2 contain an angle
of 45° is
(A) (x2 + y2) + a2(x2 – y2) = 4a4 (B) 2(x2 + y2) + 4a2 (x2 – y2) = 4a2
2 2 2 2 2 4
(C) (x + y ) + 4a (x – y ) = 4a (D) (x2 + y2) + a2 (x2 – y2) = a4
Solution :
Let y = mx  m 2a 2  a 2 be two tangent and passes through (h, k) then (k – mk)2 = m2a2– a2
 m2(h2 – a2) – 2khm + k2 + a2 = 0
2kh 2 2 m1  m 2
 m1 + m2 = and m1 m2 = k  a , using tan45°=
2
h a 2
h2  a 2 1  m1 m 2
Hence (C) is the correct answer.