Answer Key

Note: Graphic Organizer answers are suggestions Summary: The transactional linguistic model helps
only and may not match students’ answers linguists understand the process of language acquisition.
exactly. The theory says that the learner is influenced by his or
her environment. It also says that the learner can have a
Preview Test similar effect on other students within the environment.

01 02 History
1. (B) 2. (D) 3. (A) Alexander the Great and Greek Culture
4. (A) 5. (B) 6. (A) Contributions
Had a policy of fusion for His notoriety gained many
foreigners admirers in other countries
02
Had his Greek generals Ancient Romans spoke Greek
marry Persian noblewomen in an attempt to associate
7. (D) 8. (A) 9. (B)
themselves with Greece
10. (C) 11. (B)
12.
1. (C) 2. (D)
YES NO
Elongated subjects ✓
Summary: Alexander the Great spread Greek culture
Highly realistic ✓ to many parts of the world. To promote cultural
Representative of Renaissance art ✓ assimilation, he had his generals marry Persian
Inspired by his imagination ✓ women. The professor also mentions Alexander’s
notoriety, giving the example of Romans trying to
associate themselves with Greece by speaking
03 Greek.

13. (B) 14. (D) 15. (B)

16. (B) 17. (D) 03 Office Hours

Problem Solution
Student is unhappy with Professor agrees to consider
Chapter 1 Main Idea Questions professor’s teaching style changing class discussions

01 Linguistics 1. (C) 2. (A)

The Transactional Model of Language Acquisition Summary: The student goes to see the professor
Points Examples
because she thinks she is not spending time
effectively in the class. In particular, the student
Language environment affects Child might learn an accent thinks that the group discussions waste time. She
one’s language acquisition based on where he/she
learns the language
feels that class time could be better spent by listening
to lectures. The professor agrees to think about
Learner can influence his/her Language learner may use
changing the way he teaches the class.
environment certain words/phrases that
are adopted by others

1. (D) 2. (B)

46 Answer Key
 Answer Key
04 Service Encounter 1. (C) 2. (C)

Problem Solution Summary: The professor discusses why diseases

Student is unable to Woman helps student that are treatable today once killed so many people.
connect to the campus get network password The first reason mentioned is the lack of understanding
network and connect to network of how diseases are transmitted. Another factor is
the lack of immunity to certain types of diseases
1. (D) 2. (C) within some populations.

Summary: The student called the employee

because he needs help connecting to the campus 07 Office Hours
network. The woman discovers that the student has
not yet received a network password. The woman Problem Solution
walks the student through the steps of obtaining a Student is worried that Professor assures student
password and logging-on to the network. professor’s class will repeat that material will be more
material from another class advanced in her class

05 Literature 1. (A) 2. (B)

Emily Dickinson vs. Her Female Contemporaries Summary: The student approaches the professor to
Emily Dickinson Both Female ask about what material will be covered in the class.
• Unique style---used • Same • Standard grammar He is concerned because the professor assigned
unconventional literary the same book that is used in an introductory
• Wrote about
punctuation and period
religious themes
course. The professor reassures the student that
grammar new information will be covered in her course.
• Wrote on
importance of
self and emotion 08 Service Encounter

1. (B) 2. (B) Problem Solution

Student wants information Employee suggests plan with
Summary: The lecture compares the poetry of about university meal plans fewer meals
Emily Dickinson to that of other poets of her era. and wants to to change
The student says that Dickinson’s style is marked plans
by unusual punctuation. The professor adds that
she used unusual grammatical patterns as well. 1. (C) 2. (C)
The professor also says that Dickinson focused on
very personal themes, while other writers focused Summary: The conversation takes place in the
primarily on religion. Dining Services administrator’s office. The student
asks for more information about the university meal
plans. The administrator explains that as a freshman,
06 Medical Science he must remain enrolled in one of the three campus
meal plans. The student listens to the information
Diseases in the Past and chooses a plan with fewer meals than the
Cause Effect default plan.
Lack of understanding of
infectious diseases
Spread of infectious
Lack of immunity due to little diseases and higher mortality
to no access to rates
vaccinations or no exposure
to foreign diseases

Answer Key 47
 09 Geology Chapter 2 Detail Questions

Types of Landslide Processes 01 Sociology

Types Characteristics
Dyads
Rocks move slowly down slope
Creep Definition Characteristics
Water can affect speed
Intense because each member’s attention
Faster than creep Groups of is focused on other member
Debris Flow
Excess water causes soil to slip just two
people Unstable because if one person leaves,
Very fast group is finished
Debris Avalanche Very dangerous to landscapes

1. (B) 2. (D) 3. (D)

1. (A) 2. (A)
Summary: The professor discusses dyads, which are
Summary: The professor discusses the three different groups of two people. This type of group is very unique
types of landslides, beginning with creep, which for two reasons. First, it is an intense relationship,
moves slowly and can be affected by water. The since each member has only the other member to
professor then discusses debris flow, which moves focus on. Second, it is a very unstable group---if
faster than creep and is caused by soil being one person leaves, the group is finished.
saturated with water. The professor then describes
a debris avalanche, which follows the same
process as creep but moves much faster and causes 02 Psychology
more destruction.
Children and Panic Disorder
Theory Support
10 Zoology
The ability to guess one’s heart rate
There is a link was linked to development of panic
Play-fighting in Animals between awareness disorder
Reason Example of one’s body and
development of panic Some who react strongly to pain will
To learn to fight and hunt Wolf mothers disorder develop panic disorder because they
encourage fighting as a think their bodies are being attacked
learning tool
To establish who will be the Wolves fight to 1. (B) 2. (D) 3. (A)
leader determine who will be alpha
male
Summary: The professor discusses a theory that
links panic disorder with being aware of one’s
1. (C) 2. (B) body. The professor describes the study, in which
children were asked to guess their heart rates. The
Summary: The professor gives reasons for study showed that the children that guessed their
play-fighting, which is when animals appear to be heart rates accurately were more likely to have anxiety.
fighting, but are actually just playing with each The professor also discussed how people who
other. The first function of play-fighting is to help worry when they feel pain can develop panic disorder.
animals learn to fight and hunt later in life. The
professor also says that animals fight to establish
who the leader is.

48 Answer Key
 Answer Key
03 Office Hours 1. (A), (B) 2. (A) 3. (C)

Problem Solution Summary: Roses are vulnerable to various diseases

that are caused by fungi, bacteria, and viruses.
Do better on next exam
One of the diseases is called black spot, which
Student wants to Study main points of book and causes round black spots to appear on the leaves,
improve grades lectures
causing eventual damage to the entire plant.
Visit professor to clarify main points Another disease called rose rust causes orange
spots to appear on the leaves, as well as the stems.
1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (D)

Summary: The student goes to see the professor 06 Anthropology

because he is worried that he is not doing well in
the class. The professor suggests that he try to do well Tenochtitlan
on the final exam. In addition, the professor suggests Theory Support
studying only the main points. The professor also Aztecs built floating gardens
recommends that the student meet with her to talk to expand in uninhabitable
about the material on the clear up any remaining Some civilizations adapt swamplands
environment to their needs Aztecs built aqueducts to
confusion about the material.
provide fresh water to area
surrounded by swamp

04 Service Encounter
1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (C)
Problem Solution Options
Summary: The professor discusses how ancient
University
library--fast but civilizations sometimes had to adapt to environments
Student needs Librarian
a journal but suggests high demand that were difficult to live in. The Aztecs adapted to
cannot find it interlibrary loan their environment in a couple of different ways. They
Public library--slow
but less demand had to build floating gardens over the swampland
to make room for people to live. Second, they built
aqueducts to provide fresh water to their city, which
1. (C) 2. (A) 3. (B)
was surrounded by salty water.
Summary: A student needs a science journal at the
library but cannot find it. The librarian suggests
07 Office Hours
something called an interlibrary loan, which is a
system that allows the library to borrow books and
“Introduction to International Relations” vs.
journals from other libraries. She can look for the
“Representations of Race and Politics”
journal at a public library, where it will probably be
International Relations Both Race and Politics
in stock. However, the student asks her to look at a
university library, which will be faster. • Easier class • Political • Advanced
science classes
• Less interesting • Student has • More personally
to student interest relevant
05 Botany

Diseases Affecting Roses 1. (D) 2. (B) 3. (A)

Disease 1: Black Spot Disease 2: Rose Rust
Characteristics
Orange spots on leaves,
Round black spots on leaves
orange dust
Weakened plant Brown growths

Answer Key 49
 Summary: The student goes to the professor’s 10 Music History
office for advice. The student cannot decide which
class to take. She likes both classes, though one Celtic Bards
class is more appropriate for her level of study. Definition Role
However, the other class is more interesting to her.
Celtic musicians who played Helped pass on history by
The professor recommends the more advanced instruments and sang helping people remember
class. stories

1. (A) 2. (B) 3. (A)

08 Service Encounter
Summary: The lecture defines bards as musicians
Problem Solution that played instruments and sang. Bards are a part
Student has class fee that Worker suggests student of Celtic culture and had an important role in its
scholarship will not cover apply for other scholarships history. The professor discusses the role of bards,
saying that they helped the people remember the
1. (D) 2. (B) 2. (A) stories that described their history. The catchy
qualities of music helped the people remember the
Summary: The student did not realize that certain stories.
university classes had fees, and she now has a
$200 fee she can’t pay. She doesn’t know how she
will pay in the future. The student did not know that l Vocabulary Review 1 l
she could apply for more than one scholarship, so 1. (C) 2. (A) 3. (A)
the worker advises her to research additional 4. (B) 5. (A) 6. (D)
scholarships. 7. (D) 8. (C)

9. (D) 10. (B) 11. (D)

09 Political Science 12. (C) 13. (B) 14. (C)
15. (A)
Absolute Monarchy
Advantage Support 16. tuition 17. fees 18. contract
Creates stronger Catherine the Great made 19. extensions 20. disenrolled
government many changes because
she could do whatever she
21. (E) 22. (A) 23. (C)
wanted
24. (B) 25. (D)
No need for elections Many people in the past
were illiterate, absolute
monarchy simplified
succession l Mini Test 1 l
1. (C) 2. (B) 3. (D)
1. (C) 2. (C) 3. (A) 4. (A), (B) 5. (C) 6. (A)
Summary: The professor discusses the advantages 7. (D) 8. (C) 9. (A)
of absolute monarchies. First, absolute monarchies 10. (B) 11. (A), (D) 12. (D)
can give a good leader the power to make good 13. (A)
changes. The professor uses the example of
Catherine the Great. With an absolute monarchy 14. (C) 15. (B) 16. (C)
there is no need for elections. This made government 17. (B) 18. (B)
easier in the past, since many people could not
read or write.

50 Answer Key
 Answer Key
Chapter 3 Function Questions 1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (C)

Summary: The conversation takes place between

01 Literature
a student and a professor. The student approaches
the professor in order to ask his advice about her
Genre
academic plan. She enjoyed his class, so now she
Definition: A category of art, literature, or music
is considering changing her major. The professor
Example 1: Tragedy Example 2: Comedy expresses concern that the student considering
Definition: A heroic character Definition: People become doing this so late in her academic career. He thinks
encounters bad fortune confused through that a minor in psychology might be better.
misunderstandings
Example: Medea with her Example: A Midsummer
tragic flaw --- jealousy Night’s Dream --- people fall 04 Service Encounter
in love with anyone they see

Problem Solution
1. (A) 2. (B) 3. (D) Student needs help writing Employee suggests
essay finding a writing fellow
Summary: The professor defines a genre as a
category of art, music, or literature. She mentions 1. (C) 2. (A) 3. (C)
two different genres. First, tragedy features a hero
who experiences bad things due to a flaw in his or Summary: The student visits the Academic
her character. Euripides was a writer of tragedy. The Support Center to request help with a paper. The
professor also mentions comedy, which dealt with coordinator suggests that he work with a writing fellow,
misunderstandings. Shakespeare wrote lighthearted who would be able to walk him through the entire
comedies about confusion in love. essay-writing process. The student fills out an
application, which the coordinator tells him will be
used to find a writing fellow for him.
02 History

The Sea Dogs

05 Environmental Science
Definition Example
Stole gold from Spanish ships The Water Cycle
English pirates that attacked to harm King Philip
Spanish ships Step 1: Evaporation
Took over Spanish ports in
Description: Water turns into water vapor
the name of England
Step 2: Condensation
Description: Water vapor turns back to liquid
1. (C) 2. (A) 3. (C)
Step 3: Advection
Summary: The professor discusses a group of Description: Water moves in air currents from ocean to land
English pirates called the Sea Dogs, who stole from Step 4: Precipitation
Spanish ships. The Sea Dogs were hired by Queen Description: Water falls back to Earth
Elizabeth of England. They stole money from
Spanish ships to try to hurt King Philip. They also
took over Spanish ports. 1. (A) 2. (B) 3. (A)

Summary: The discussion is about the water cycle.

03 Office Hours The professor explains the process, beginning with
evaporation, when water becomes water vapor.
Problem Solution Next, the water condenses and turns into a liquid
Student wants to change Professor suggests she make again. Advection is the third step, in which water
major psychology her minor moves in air currents. Last, precipitation happens
when water falls back to Earth.
Answer Key 51
 06 Psychology 08 Service Encounter

The Tuckerman Model Problem Solution

Step 1: Forming Student needs housing for Director agrees to let
unusual period of time student live off-campus
Description: Group convenes and attempts to establish
familiarity
Step 2: Storming 1. (B) 2. (B) 3. (C)
Description: Group members are in conflict as basic rules
for operation are developed Summary: The conversation takes place in the
Step 3: Norming housing director’s office. The student has come
Description: Group matures and members are able to agree there to request permission to live off-campus
upon modes of operation because he will be returning to campus at an
Step 4: Performing unusual time. The director agrees to write a letter
Description: Group reaches a point where it can for the student granting permission for him to live
maximize strengths and be productive off-campus.

1. (A) 2. (A) 3. (B)

09 Astronomy
Summary: The professor introduces the
Tuckerman model and describes four stages in Star Development
group development. The first is “forming,” which is Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Step 4:
when the group is first formed. The second is Protostar Star reaches Hydrogen Star’s energy
“storming,” which is the time of conflict as the begins to main fusion causes used up,
group struggles within itself. In the third stage, contract sequence reactions, begins to die
phase, star gets
“norming,” the group begins to mature and form
begins brighter and
shared values. The final stage is “performing,” hydrogen hotter
which is when a mature group is able to work fusion
together in an effective manner.
1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (B)
07 Office Hours
Summary: The process describes the different
Problem Solution
stages in the life of a star. First, the star begins life
as a protostar when energy is created by atoms
Mistake in final exam Professor will try to find
schedule alternate time to offer exam
colliding. In the next stage, fusion in the star’s core
begins, and the star becomes a main sequence
star. Next, reactions cause the star to get hotter and
1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (A) brighter. Lastly, when the star runs out of energy, it
begins to die.
Summary: The conversation is between a student
and a professor. The student points out to the
professor that he has made a mistake in scheduling 10 Biology
the final exam. The professor is surprised to learn of
his mistake, but assumes that it will not change a lot Order Cetecea
for his students. The student does have a conflict,
Point 1: Dolphins, whales and porpoises
though. The professor agrees to ask the class if
they can switch the exam time. Point 2: Evolved about 50 million years ago
Point 3: No body hair---use blubber to keep warm

1. (A) 2. (D) 3. (B)

52 Answer Key
 Answer Key
Summary: The discussion is about the Order Summary: The professor presents the advantages
Cetecea. The professor gives examples of animals and disadvantages of bio fuels, which are fuels that
included in the order. Cetaceans evolved from land are derived from any sort of biological material,
animals about fifty million years ago. He describes such as corn. Some of the advantages include less
some of the evidence indicating that cetaceans gas emissions and reduced pollution. On the other
evolved from mammals. However, he points out hand, they still contribute to global warming and
that they have no body hair, unlike other mammals. use up agricultural land.
They do not have external ears, either.

03 Office Hours

Chapter 4 Stance Questions Parts of the Exam

Multiple Choice Essay Section
01 Literature 20 Basic Should Two essays Require deep
questions concepts be understanding
Realism and Henry James easy of concepts

Theory Support
James used unreliable 1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (B)
narrators who told lies like
Henry James was one of the real people do Summary: The student has missed a class where
first authors to create truly
James used a style called the professor went over material for an exam. He
realistic characters
stream of consciousness to approaches the professor in order to get a better
capture thought processes of
idea of what to expect on the exam. The professor
characters
explains that the exam has a simple multiple choice
section and an in-depth essay section.
1. (C) 2. (C) 3. (D)

Summary: The professor discusses Henry James 04 Service Encounter

and his creation of realistic characters. James used
something called an unreliable narrator to make his Problem Solution
characters seem more like real humans. He also
Student can make use of
used a method called stream of consciousness, Student needs a textbook, library to read material in
which resembles how people actually think. but it is too late in semester book
and bookstore does not
have it Student can purchase book
from online bookseller
02 Agriculture
1. (D) 2. (A) 3. (D)
Bio Fuels
Advantages Disadvantages
Summary: The student attempts to find a textbook
Renewable Contribute to global warming at the university bookstore. An employee tells her
when burned
that textbooks are no longer in stock this late into the
Better for the environment Use land for agriculture semester. The student then asks him to recommend
than fossil fuels
some stores that would carry the book and is
advised to visit the library. Another option for the
1. (A) 2. (A) 3. (A) student is to make a purchase online.

Answer Key 53
 05 Environmental Science 07 Office Hours

Invasive Species Problem Solution

Problem (Cause) Effect Go on medical leave and take class

Student is ill and at another time
Introduction of new parasites concerned grades
and diseases could lead to will suffer Put class on hold and finish when he
Farmed salmon are escaping extinction of local salmon is better
to the ocean and becoming
invasive Increased competition for
natural resources may cause 1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (D)
serious problems
Summary: The student has been ill and has
1. (C) 2. (C) 3. (A) missed a lot of classes, so he is worried that his
grades will suffer. The professor suggests medical
Summary: The professor discusses invasive leave, but that will mean the student will lose his
species, which he defines as species of animals scholarship. The professor decides to give him an
that enter environments they are not native to. The “O.H.,” which means “On Hold” at the end of the
professor uses farmed salmon as an example of the semester. This will allow him to finish his coursework
effects that an invasive species can cause. First, at some time in the future.
these farmed fish introduce diseases that were not
found in the ecosystem before they came. Second,
the farmed fish increase competition for food and 08 Service Encounter
other resources.
Problem Solution

Student wants to Participate in Residential Life Office’s

06 History change rooms next lottery system
semester Move into own apartment off-campus
The Gettysburg Address
Theory Support
1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (A)
Reminded people about the
importance of equality and freedom
Speech was so Summary: The student plans to move and asks
effective because it Used the word “nation” to bring the about his options. He states that he would like to live
touched the country together again
audience emotionally
off-campus. The employee explains how the process
Contained no new ideas, only familiar works and provides a form for the student to fill out.
ones The student decides to apply for off-campus housing,
but he will return the form later.
1. (A) 2. (D) 3. (C)

Summary: The professor discusses why the 09 Biology

Gettysburg Address, a speech by Abraham Lincoln,
is so memorable. She says that it’s largely because Scent Communication in Animals
it appealed to people’s emotions. Lincoln reminded Cats use body scents Ants use pheromones
people that they fought to secure freedom. He also To show To mark To look for a To call for
said that the country would one day be reunited. affection territory, objects, mate help
or people
Finally, he did not bring in any new concepts.

1. (B) 2. (D) 3. (A)

54 Answer Key
 Answer Key
Summary: The professor talks about how animals l Mini Test 2 l
can communicate using smells. The professor first
uses the example of cats and states that these animals 1. (A) 2. (A) 3. (C)
will rub against things in order to show affection or 4. (B) 5. (A) 6. (D)
to mark territory. The professor also talks about ants
and says that they release chemicals to transmit 7. (C) 8. (B) 9. (C)
different messages. 10. (A) 11. (A) 12. (B)

13. (A) 14. (B) 15. (B)

10 Environmental Science 16. (A) 17. (A) 18. (C)

Why Oceans are Salty

Causes
Chapter 5 Organization Questions
Rivers: Hydrothermal vents:
1. Rain water dissolves salt 1. Vents superheat water
2. Collects in rivers 2. Hot water dissolves salts 01 Linguistics
3. Rivers dump slightly salty 3. Salt goes back into ocean
water into ocean
The Creation of Words
Effect
Classification Explanation
Ocean is salty
Loanwords Words borrowed from other
languages
1. (C) 2. (A) 3. (D)
Compounding and Derivation Combination of words or
parts of words
Summary: The professor explains why the oceans
are salty. The first reason is related to the hydrological Onomatopoeia or imitation Words created to imitate
sounds
process. Rain falls on land and dissolves mineral
salts, which accumulate in rivers and eventually
flow into the ocean. Hydrothermal vents are another 1. (C) 2. (C) 3. (B)
reason why the oceans are salty. Very hot water on
the ocean floor dissolves mineral salts found there. Summary: The professor describes ways that new
However, the professor notes that the oceans are words are added to a language. One common way
not becoming saltier over time. of creating new words is through loanwords. These are
words that are directly taken from another language
without translation. Another way that new words are
l Vocabulary Review 2 l added is through compounding or derivation. A
third way that words are created is when speakers
1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (D) try to imitate sounds.
4. (A) 5. (A) 6. (D)
7. (D) 8. (D) 9. (B) 02 Biology
10. (C) 11. (C) 12. (C)
13. (B) 14. (A) 15. (B) Blood Production and Degradation
Step 1 Step 2
16. administered New blood cells produced in Blood is degraded in spleen
17. territory bone marrow and liver
18. descended from
19. inevitably 1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (A)
20. maintenance

21. exploit 22. collide 23. surplus

24. title 25. expanse

Answer Key 55
 Summary: The lecture expands on a previous talk 05 Economics
about the quality and function of blood. Hematopoiesis
is the process of creating red blood cells in the Flaws of Marxism
human body. New red blood cells are created in Argument Support
red bone marrow, which is the soft tissue found Marxism had limited theory Academics believe other
inside bones. Blood cells usually degrade in the about origins of conflict factors such as race are also
spleen or the liver. responsible for social conflict
Marxism incorrectly Marx failed to consider
assumed that value value of management, sales,
03 Zoology equals workers’ effort plus accounting, strategic
value of machinery planning, etc.
Hunting Dogs vs. Falcons
Hunting Dogs Both Falcons 1. (B) 2. (B) 3. (A)
• Hunt to please • Have hunting • No bond with
owners relationship with humans, only Summary: The discussion is about why Marxism
humans hunt for food failed. The first point made by the professor was
that this economic theory did not include other factors
1. (C) 2. (A) 3. (A) that divide a society, like race. The professor continues
by saying that another key premise of the theory
Summary: The professor describes the sport of was completely wrong, Marx said that the value of
falconry. He compares the bond between falcons a company equals workers, effort plus the value of
and humans to that of dogs and humans. Both the machinery to make the products. Marx failed to
relationships involve hunting, but falcons only hunt account for the added value of management, sales,
because they are hungry, while dogs will hunt in etc.
order to please humans.
06 Art History
04 Psychology
Impressionism vs. Post-Impressionism
Yerkes and Dodson Impressionism Both Post-Impressionism

Experiment Results
• Painted • Vivid colors • Painted humans
landscapes
A mouse had to choose the easy task ➞ high motivation • Expressive • Swirling patterns,
correct door in a maze. If the best • Fast brushstrokes color dots
mouse made the wrong medium task ➞ medium brushstrokes
choice, it got an electric motivation best
• Focus on
• Focus on lighting emotion
shock. hard task ➞ low motivation
best
1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (B)
1. (A) 2. (C) 3. (A)
Summary: The professor clarifies the differences
Summary: The professor discusses an experiment between Impressionism and Post-Impressionism. The
that supports the theory that too much motivation can professor first says that they both had bright color and
hurt one’s performance. The experiment involved thick applications of paint. However, the Impressionists
mice that were given different levels of shock when painted landscapes and focused on fast brushstrokes
they made a mistake trying to choose a door. The and lighting, while the Post-Impressionists painted
study found that when the mice did more difficult people and focused on more careful brushstrokes
tasks, their performance was harmed by too much and more emotion.
motivation.

56 Answer Key
 Answer Key
07 Business 09 Psychology

Owner Spokespeople Nature vs. Nurture

Advantages Disadvantages Nature Both Nurture
Less expensive Some owners aren’t good at • Innate personality • Try to describe • Humans acquire
delivery traits from birth how we develop personality and
personalities intelligence
Gives sense of authority to Owner’s personality might • Twin studies to
through experience
the message alienate customers support
• B.F. Skinner’s work
on conditioning
1. (A) 2. (C) 3. (B)

Summary: The talk is about the advantages and 1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (B)
disadvantages of an owner spokesperson in
advertising. The professor gives two pros and two Summary: The professor explains the nature versus
cons. As for advantages, the professor says that it nurture debate. She clarifies what the debate is about
helps to save money, and it can make people and discusses twin studies that suggest personality
believe the message. However, some people are traits are intrinsic, passed through the genes. Next,
not good spokespeople, either because they are she talks about tabula rasa, the idea that humans
too awkward in front of the camera or their personality are born as blank slates. She mentions B.F.
sends the wrong message about the company. Skinner’s work on conditioning to support that people
are more affected by their environment or experiences.

08 Zoology
10 Art History
Memory in Animals
Cubism vs. Surrealism
Experiment Result Conclusion
Cubism Both Surrealism
Wasp remembered Wasp flew into Some animals
location of nest in circle seeming to seem to have • Used geometric • Distorted reality • Mixed objects
relation to circle of “remember” nest some kind of shapes that did not
pine cones it saw was inside it memory belong together
only once
1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (C)
1. (C) 2. (B) 3. (D)
Summary: The class compares the artistic aspects
Summary: The discussion revolves around the of two art movements: cubism and surrealism. In
professor’s statement that animals have more the discussion, it is stated that they both altered
developed memories than people think. She supports reality, though they did this in different ways.
this idea with the example of a wasp. Researchers Cubism focused on changing the shape of the
used a circle of pine cones to test the memory of subject and distorting it using cubes. On the other
the insect. The insect remembered the location of hand, surrealists distorted reality by mixing subjects
her nest in relation to the pine cones. The experiment that would usually not appear together.
indicates that even small insects have some kind of
memory.

Answer Key 57
 Chapter 6 Content Questions Summary: The professor talks about how certain
things can represent greater ideas for people, and
he uses the example of the Bastille. Originally it was
01 Biology
a place that held prisoners. It was a sign of the
king’s power and oppression. However, after an
The Sun and Your Health
event where the people freed the inmates of the
Theory Support Bastille, it came to represent the French Revolution
Sun provides vitamin D, which and freedom.
helps us absorb calcium
Exposure to some sunlight
is good for you Exposure to sunlight can help
make people happy 03 Office Hours

1. Problem Support

YES NO Student needs help Make use of online test bank

preparing for
The sun is a better source of ✓ upcoming test Make use of online tutorials
Vitamin D than food is.
The human body requires two ✓
hours of sunlight every day.
1.
The sun can positively affect ✓
mental health. YES NO
The student is worried about the ✓
Summary: The professor discusses the benefits of next test.
sunlight to humans. He says that it provides vitamin The professor posts tests ✓
D, which helps our bodies absorb calcium. The online.
professor also says that exposure to the sun can The professor provides online ✓
have benefits for mental health, helping to make tutorials.
people feel happy.
Summary: The student visits the professor to talk
about the upcoming test. The professor recommends
02 History two ways that the student can prepare. First, the
professor keeps copies of old tests online for students
Symbolism of the Bastille to review. Second, the professor says that there are
Key Points Support online tutorials that can help the student as well.
The professor also mentions that reading the textbook
Prison that held rebels Symbol of oppression
is important.
People revolted, sparked Symbol of freedom
French Revolution
04 Service Encounter
1.
Steps in the Hiring Process
YES NO
1. Have official 2. Attend 3. Go through
The events at the Bastille were ✓ interview with orientation training period
caused by the revolution.
manager from session after starting
The Bastille has remained a ✓ Food Services work
symbol of political oppression.
The Bastille was a prison that ✓
was attacked.

58 Answer Key
 Answer Key
1. 06 History
YES NO
The student is looking for a job Confucianism
✓
that begins immediately. Topic Effect
The student will work in the ✓ Shaped ideals of family and
bakeshop. Confucianism in northeast social organization
The student hopes to begin ✓ Asian countries Can lead to harmony in
working as soon as possible. workplace

Summary: A student wants to sign up for an on- 1. (C) 2. (B) 3. (A)

campus job, so she visits the student employment
office. The employee tells her about the hiring process. Summary: The professor discusses the effects of
First, she must go through an official interview. Confucianism on northeastern Asia. In particular,
Then she must go to an orientation session. Last, the professor mentions how Confucianism affected
there is a training period that occurs after she the culture of Japan. First of all, its influence can be
begins work. seen in how people relate to each other. It emphasizes
living in harmony with others by knowing one’s
place in society. The professor then discusses how
05 Environmental Science Confucianism applies to businesses.

How Mountains Grow

Cause Effect 07 Office Hours
Subduction --- one continental plate
slides under another Mountains get Problem Solution Concern Refutation
Global warming --- glaciers melt, relieve taller over time Student Take online Too Less
pressure wants to take courses expensive expensive
summer than regular
courses,but courses
1. will be at No classroom Not
YES NO home experience necessary for
The Andes are so tall because learning
✓
of earthquakes. experience
Mountains can be formed by ✓
plate collisions. 1. (A) 2. (C) 3. (D)
The process of global warming
is affecting the height of some ✓
Summary: The student asks for advice from his
mountains.
professor about summer courses. The professor
mentions online courses, but the student is worried
Summary: The professor talks about why some
that such classes are too expensive. The professor
mountain ranges are taller than others. He says that
says the student would actually save money and
this is sometimes caused by plate collisions. This
graduate earlier. The student then worries that he
happens when two of the Earth’s plates come
will miss the classroom experience, but the professor
together. The professor also discusses global
says that certain aspects of these classes could be
warming as a cause. Glaciers push down on the
helpful.
Earth. But when they melt, the Earth springs back
up and mountains grow taller.

Answer Key 59
 08 Service Encounter Summary: The professor explains the weather
patterns on the surface of Jupiter. She describes its
Questions Answers unique colors, which are caused by the rotational
How much student activity $560 per semester speed of the planet along with the process of
fee is convection. These two things together cause
What student activity fee University events like Spring
bands of colored gases to wrap around the planet.
is used for Weekend The professor also discusses the Great Red Spot,
which is a hurricane maintained by the planet’s fast
Student services
rotational speed.

1.
YES NO 10 Biology
The student wants to find out
how much the fee is and what it ✓
Alleles
is used for.
Definition Role Types
The student activity fee doesn’t ✓ Sequences of Determine the Dominant -- only
include campus events.
genes on a appearance of need one allele for
The student activity fee is used
✓ specific specific traits trait to appear
mostly for campus services. chromosome Recessive -- need
two identical alleles
Summary: The student asks about the student for trait to appear
activity fee. He wants to know how much it is and
what it is used for. He is told that it helps pay for 1.
both university events, which are arranged by student
YES NO
organizations, and is also used for various services.
Alleles determine the appearance ✓
A few services mentioned by the woman are the of a character trait.
weekly newspaper, computer and library facilities, Alleles are made up of ✓
and free on-campus transportation. chromosomes.
There are four different types of ✓
alleles.
09 Astronomy
Summary: The professor discusses alleles, which
Weather Patterns on Jupiter are a pair of genes that are located on a specific
Classification Description chromosome. The professor talks about their role,
Bands of color Convection creates color which is to determine specific traits. The professor
bands, rotational speed then discusses how this occurs by defining dominant
wraps them around planet and recessive alleles.
300-year-old hurricane
Great Red Spot
caused by rotational speed
and lack of land
Chapter 7 Inference Questions
1.
Atmospheric Bands Great Red Spot
01 Environmental Science
Similar in nature ✓
to a hurricane Types of Seas
Caused by ✓ Mediterranean Marginal
convection
Water circulates as a result of Water circulates as a result of
Dark and light ✓ changes in water temperature ocean currents
red color and density
Limited Currents Part of ocean Currents
exchange caused by with some caused by
of water with temperature land around ocean winds
oceans variation
60 Answer Key
 Answer Key
1. (B) 2. (B) 3. (D) 04 Service Encounter

Summary: The professor discusses the different Problem Solution

types of seas. The first type is called a mediterranean Student was accidentally Housing Coordinator helps
sea. The water in this type of sea circulates through assigned to room in him change rooms
changes in temperature and water density. The all-girl’s dormitory
second type is called a marginal sea, which is nearly
enclosed by islands or some other kind of land. The 1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (C)
waters within this kind of sea are circulated by currents
caused by wind. Summary: The conversation takes place between
a housing employee and a student. The student
has accidentally been assigned to a dorm that
02 Biology houses only girls, and he needs to change dorms.
He says the room is very nice, but he obviously
Respiration Underwater vs. Respiration on Land cannot stay there. The employee provides him with
Underwater Both Land a form that will allow him to move to a different
• Requires gills to • Exchange of • Requires organs dorm. She also tells him that he can leave part of
take oxygen from carbon dioxide such as lungs the form blank.
water and oxygen

1. (B) 2. (B) 3. (A) 05 Business

Summary: The professor discusses two types of The Bricks and Clicks Business Model
respiration: underwater and on land. He explains Definition Aspects
the need for different respiration organs for animals Has established supply and
that live underwater. Gills are adapted to extract Business model that uses distribution networks
both online and offline
oxygen from water. For animals that live on land, components Has stability, which helps
there are different ways of breathing. Some animals attract customers
can breathe just by having their cells exposed to
the air. Some animals require special organs to 1. (B) 2. (D) 3. (A)
breathe, like lungs.
Summary: The discussion is about the bricks and
clicks business model. It is a model that includes
03 Office Hours both offline and online elements. The professor
explains a couple of advantages for this business
Problem Solution model. First, he says that it allows businesses more
Student is always late to Switch to another freedom in how they operate. He also says the system
discussion section discussion section at a is stable because established businesses already
better time
have supply and distribution chains set up.

1. (A) 2. (C) 3. (B)

06 Anatomy
Summary: The conversation takes place between
a professor and a student. She is approaching the The Integumentary System
professor to change the time of her discussion section. Definition Functions
The professor asks her why, and she explains that
Protects internal organs
it is a problem with her schedule caused by another
professor. She has trouble getting to her group on Body covering such as skin, Helps regulate body
hair, and nails temperature
time. The professor agrees to change her to a different
group. Provides sense of touch

Answer Key 61
 1. (A) 2. (A) 3. (C) 09 History

Summary: The professor discusses the integumentary The Success of the Purépecha
system, which comprises the body’s external Point Example
coverings, such as skin, hair, and nails. First, the Had better ways of defending Knew how to work metal to
integumentary system provides protection for our themselves than other tribes create weapons and armor
internal organs. Second, it helps us to regulate our
Had well-organized military Outnumbered and defeated
body temperature. Last, it acts as a receptor for Aztec army in numerous
pain and temperature changes. battles

1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (B)

07 Office Hours
Summary: The Purépecha are a tribe living today
Problem Solution
in Central America. The professor presents two
Student wants to expand a Professor agrees, as long as
theories about why the Purépecha peoples were
previous paper rather than student follows the same
write a new one rules as everyone else able to effectively resist Aztec and Spanish forces.
First, she argues that the advanced Purépecha
knowledge of working metal helped them produce
1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (D) weapons and armor. She also proposes that the
Purépecha army was relatively large and well-
Summary: A student approaches her professor to organized.
discuss the paper topics he assigned. The student
wants to expand on a previous paper that she wrote
rather than choose from the new topics the professor 10 Ecology
presented. The professor agrees to let her do this
because the student plans to submit the paper to
Parasitism vs. Mutualism
the department’s magazine.
Parasitism Both Mutualism
• One species • Two species • Both species
benefits, other is coexist benefit
08 Service Encounter harmed

Covered by Insurance Not Covered by Insurance

1. (C) 2. (A) 3. (B)
• Doctor’s visits • X-rays
• Lab tests
• Dental work
Summary: The discussion begins with a definition
and example of parasitism and ends with a definition
and example of mutualism. In the first type of
1. (A) 2. (D) 3. (A)
relationship, one animal lives off of another animal,
and by doing so, harms the other animal. By contrast,
Summary: The conversation takes place between
in the second relationship, two species are able to
a student and an employee at health services. The
help each other by either providing protection or
student approaches the employee with questions
nutrition.
about the university insurance plan. The employee
explains the cost as well as some of the services
that are covered and not covered in the plan. The
student also finds out that dental insurance is not
covered by the university plan at all.

62 Answer Key
 Answer Key
l Vocabulary Review 3 l 03 Service Encounter
1. (D) 2. (D) 3. (B) 11. (D) 12. (B)
4. (A) 5. (D) 6. (C) 13.
7. (C) 8. (A)
YES NO
Receive course approval from the head of the ✓
9. (B) 10. (B) 11. (C) department
12. (A) 13. (C) 14. (A)
Submit the credit request form by the ✓
15. (B)
deadline

16. comprises 17. complaint 18. feasible Contact her professors about the courses she ✓
plans to take
19. enrich 20. deduce
Send her professors copies of her final ✓
21. (B) 22. (A) 23. (D) exam
24. (E) 25. (C)
14. (A) 15. (B)

l Mini Test 3 l
01 Computer Science Practice Test

1. (C) 2. (B) 3. (B)

01 History
4.
Local area network Wide area network
1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (B)
Private organization ✓ 4. (A) 5. (B) 6. (B)
Home office ✓
✓
Internet service provider 02 Chemistry
Small office ✓
✓ 7. (A) 8. (D) 9. (B)
Dormitory
10. (B) 11. (B)
12.
5. (B)
YES NO
A stable cluster in solution forms the nucleus ✓
02 Literature of the crystal.
A supersaturated solution eliminates ✓
6. (A) 7. (A) 8. (D) growth potential.
9.
A crystal structure is formed by ✓
YES NO connected atoms.
The names of some characters in The ✓ The solution becomes supersaturated and ✓
Sandman refer to the eyes. the crystal stops growing.
The main character, Nathanial, became blind
✓
as a young boy. 03 Service Encounter
One of the story’s themes is obsession. ✓
13. (B) 14. (D) 15. (B)
The Sandman traditionally has a very different ✓ 16. (C) 17. (A)
meaning from that in the story.
The professor discusses vision and optical ✓
illusions.

10. (C)

Answer Key 63
 04 Psychology
18. (A) 19. (B) 20. (B)
21. (C) 22. (A) 23. (A)

05 Physics
24. (A) 25. (B) 26. (B)
27. (A) 28. (C)
29.

Fixed base Movable base Compound

pulley pulley pulley
Has an axis that ✓
is not stationary
Has the most
potential ✓
for mechanical
advantage
The most basic
✓
kind of pulley

06 Office Hours
30. (C) 31. (A) 32. (A)
33. (B) 34. (A)

64 Answer Key