Tools with ISO elements | Technical appendix | Terminology and formulae milling

Terminology and formulae, milling

Milling cutter diameter Dc [mm] κ

A
90° 75°
A
B

Dc

Average roughness Ra [µm] ap [mm]

Average roughness depth Rz [µm] ae [mm]

Number of cutting edges z

ap
ap

Spindle speed n [U/min] ae ae

Formulae

mm
Feed per turn fu = [ –––– ] fu = z · fz
U

mm vf
Feed per tooth fz = [ –––– ] fz = –––––––––
Zahn n·z

fz during face milling:

5 4 32 1
5

1
4

fz 2 3
fu

186
 Tools with ISO elements | Technical appendix | Terminology and formulae milling

1 vc · 1000
Spindle speed n = [ –––– ] n = –––––––––
min �·D

ae
Average chip thickness hm = [ mm ] hm = sinκ · fz · ––––
D

m � · Dc · n
Cutting speed vc = [ –––– ] vc = –––––––––
min 1000

mm
Feed rate vf = [ –––– ] vf = fz · z · n
min

cm3
Material removal rate Q = [ –––– ] Q = ae · ap · vf
min

Disc, groove, shoulder milling

fz 0,1
Feed value compensation
Machining steps with low radial cutting depth such as
disc milling, groove milling or milling a shoulder require
correction of the feed at the cutting edge as it enters
the workpiece.
20
10
5
1.5
0.5

The calculated and actual feed can vary depending on 0,0

0,02

the cutting depth and the milling cutter diameter. 9

0,04

0,0
7

If a shoulder with a cutting depth of only 0.5 mm is

machined using a milling cutter ø 40, the feed must be
multiplied with a factor of 5 to arrive at the actual feed
or fz 0.1 (see example below). Example:

A major advantage of the application of this formula is Tool: Milling cutter ø 40 mm

the increase in the productivity on the effective usage z: 5
of the milling cutter. fz: 0,1 mm/rev
f: 0.5 mm/rev

Radial cutting depth Feed per tooth Maximum chip thickness

Required vf to obtain fz 0.1 Increase factor
[ap] [fz] [hmax]

20 0,1 0,1 1.000 1,00

10 0,1 0,09 1.111 1,11
5 0,1 0,07 1.429 1,43
1,5 0,1 0,04 2.500 2,50
0,5 0,1 0,02 5.000 5,00

Note: Based on the above example, the feed per tooth can be increased with a low ap/D ratio or a setting angle < 90°.
Technical
appendix

187