CHM432
EXPERIMENT 8: SURFACE CHEMISTRY
(ADSORPTION OF ACETIC ACID ON ACTIVATED
CARBON)
NAME: NUR IZZATI BINTI IDRIS
MATRIC NUMBER: 2019654024
GROUP: AS2464D
LECTURER’S NAME: DR MOHD AZIZI NAWAWI
SUBMISSION DATE: 13 JULY 2020
OBJECTIVE
To study the adsorption isotherm of acetic acid by activated carbon.
METHODOLOGY
About 1.5g of activated charcoal was weighed and placed into each of the six dry gals-
stoppered flaks.
RESULT
A. Determination of Freezing Point of Naphthalene
1. Mass of naphthalene (g) 5.0029 g
2. Freezing point of naphthalene from cooling curve (˚C) 78˚C
B. Determination of Kf for Naphthalene
1. Mass of 1,4-dichlorobenzene (g) 0.5114 g
2. Freezing point of solution from cooling curve (˚C) 75˚C
C. Determination of Freezing Point p-nitrotoluene solution
1. Mass of naphthalene (g) 5.0061 g
2. Mass of p-nitrotoluene (g) 1.0345 g
3. Freezing point of solution from cooling curve (˚C) 70˚C
Table 1: The data of time and temperature of naphthalene, naphthalene + 1.4-dichlorobenze and
naphthalene + p-nitrotoluene
Naphthalene Naphthalene + 1,4-dichlorobenze Naphthalene + p-nitrotoluene
Initial 95˚C Initial 85˚C Initial 85˚C
temperature temperature temperature
Time (s) Temp (˚C) Time (s) Temp (˚C) Time (s) Temp (˚C)
0 95 0 82 0 85
30 92 30 75 30 94
60 83 60 75 60 70
90 78 90 75 90 68
120 78 120 75 120 67
150 78 150 75 150 66
180 78 180 75 180 65
210 78 210 75 210 65
240 78 240 75 240 64
270 78 270 75 270 63
300 78 300 72 300 62
330 77 330 71 330 61
360 76 360 70 360 60.5
390 76 390 68 390 60
420 76 420 66 420
450 76 450 65 450
480 75 480 63 480
510 75 510 61 510
540 540 60 540
Graph 1: Time versus temperature (Naphthalene)
f(x) = 0
Time versus Temperature (Naphtalene)
78.5
78
77.5 f(x) = 0 x + 78
Temperature ˚C
77
76.5 f(x) = − 0.01 x + 79.86
76
75.5
75
74.5
74
73.5
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Time (s)
Graph 2: Time versus temperature (Naphthalene + 1,4-dichlorobenze)
f(x) = 0
Time versus Temperature
(Napthalene + 1,4-dichlorobenzene)
80
70 f(x) = − 0.05 x + 89.11
Temperature (°C)
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600
Time (s)
Graph 3: Time versus temperature (Naphthalene + p-nitrotoluene)
f(x) = 0
Time versus Temperature
(Napthalene + p-nitrotoluene)
70
68
f(x) = − 0.02 x + 69.92
Temperature (°C)
66
64
62
60
58
56
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Time (s)
CALCULATIONS
A. Freezing point depression constant, Kf for naphthalene
Mole of solute = mass of solute_
molar mass
= 0.5114 g__
147.01 g/mol
= 3.4787 x 10-3 mole dichlrobenzene
Molality = mole of solute_
mass of solvent
= 3.4787 x 10-3 mole
5.0029 x 10-3 kg
= 0.6953 mol/kg
ΔTf = Kf x msol
Kf = _78˚C - 75˚C_
0.6953 mol/kg
= 4.3147 ˚C kg/mol
Percentage error = |experimental value – actual value | x 100%
actual value
= | 4.3147 – 6.94 | x 100%
6.94
= 37.83 %
B. Molar mass of p-nitrotoluene
ΔTf = Kf x msol
ΔTf = 78˚C - 70˚C
= 8˚C
8˚C = 4.3147 ˚C kg/mol x msol
msol = 1.8541 mol/kg of p-nitrotaluene
msol = __mole of solute_
mass of solvent (kg)
1.8541 mol/kg = mole of p-nitrotoluene
5.0029 x 10-3 kg
mole of solute = 0.0093 mole of p-nitrotoluene
mole = __mass of solute (g)__
molar mass (g/mol)
0.0093 mole = __1.0345 g_
molar mass (g/mol)
molar mass of p-nitrotoluene = 111.24 g/mol
Percentage error = |experimental value – actual value | x 100%
actual value
= | 111.24 – 137.14 | x 100%
137.14
= 18.89 %
DISCUSSION
The freezing point of liquid solution in the liquid phase will be influenced by the dissolved
solids. A soluble solid in solution has the effect of raising its boiling point and depressing it is
freezing point. The depression of the freezing point is referred to as a colligative property and is
proportional to the solution's molar concentration (m), together with lowering vapour pressure,
elevation of the boiling point, and osmotic pressure. These are the physical characteristics of solutions
which depend only on the solvent identity and the solute concentration and the character are not
depending on the solute identity [CITATION JAE171 \l 17417 ].
Based on the experiment, freezing point depression constant, kf for naphthalene was
determined by using this equation: ΔT= K f × msol. Based on data obtained, the freezing point of
naphthalene from cooling curve from graph 1 are 78˚C while for graph 2 is 75˚C and for graph 3 is
70˚C respectively. From the data, K f for naphthalene and molar mass of p-nitrotoluene was
determined. The Kf for naphthalene is 4.3147˚C kg/mol. Theoretically, K f for naphthalene is 6.94˚C
kg/mol [ CITATION Cha06 \l 17417 ]. The percentage error is 37.83%. Then, the molar mass of p-
nitrotoluene is 111.24 g/mol and the theoretical value for molar mass of p-nitrotoluene is 137.14
g/mol. The percentage error is 18.87%.
While performing this experiment, there might be some errors that cause the expected result
was not obtained. Parallax error, for example, in which the eye location is not perpendicular to the
thermometer when measuring the temperature. For safety precautions, the protective eyewear, gloves
and masks must be worn at all times for the safety measures and worked in a well-ventilated area
when performing the experiments as all the products and chemicals used in this experiment can emit
poisonous vapours.
CONCLUSION
As a conclusion, the freezing point depression of naphthalene is 78˚C. The K f of naphthalene
is 4.3147˚C kg/mol and the percentage error is 37.83%. Lastly for the molar mass of the p-
nitrotoluene is 111.24 g/mol and the percentage error is 18.87%.
REFERENCES
Chang. (2006). Freezing Point Depression of Lauric Acid. Chemistry 9th edition.
JAEC Jayawardena, M. V. (2017). Freezing point depression of different Sucrose solutions and
coconut water. International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition, 68-71.
