ffitip-r****'

reY::lt::,:,, l

Fourier Series 3'105

in (0,
io lx/Z,r\
zcl2) !
+
z 4;
rc' n = 1,3,5...
\"i,',ff
n

f */2 lE

=l-l I ;a.* n/2[ (. -r)'drl

'L ;
6a
:,l-rdtl€;l 'lJll"
R- I IL'
a\
i 3r(2n-t)a tz
€A
, when rr is odd and .in2f=r)
-)
'''.\=-
Hlll'
L' \rzn-l\n 96
,t= I

Find the fourier series of

j(*) = t in {0" $ and hence deduce that

7'?- s'' "'

l*4** ....--+ 2

of f (x)=xz ia (-I' I and hence deduce Star

r Obtait &e Fsurier series expinsion
,a. oa
----:- I 111-n4
| e0,
ttil
T*V*V*...- then using R'M'S value' show
that
I Find the sirc series for f{r)=x in 0<x<rc'
* .. 1,1-
*-=l+*+-+..-
62"3"

in'('0' 2n)' the Fotlrier series is

Wka.fc) ts a gi+en funct'iioh de-fine analytically

t+b,sinnx)
I@=*+
-
L ( anQos'ttx+bnsinn'x)
,h=1'

TheprocassoffindingdlreFourierseriesforat.unctiongivenbynumericalvalueis
*r u, hur*onic analYsis'
-HARMoNrcls the f'undamen*l ot firsl harmolt::'1"''"*
The rcrm 41cos.t*bl sinx is called
:,es of s?l+b2sin2-riscattedthesecondharmonicanrlsoon.TheFguliercoefficientsare
tr by

.1

cl = 2 lMean value of Y cos r in (0' 2 n)]

 g{
a2=2lMean value of y cos 2_x in (0,2n))
bt =2 [Mean value of y sin r in (0,2n)]
bz = 2 lMean value of y sin 2x in (0,
2 n)l
In general,

an=2fMean value of y cos nx in (O,2n))

bn=2 fMean value of y sin nx in (0, 2

n)]

EXAMPLE r: The dispracement y of a part,of a mechanism is tabutated

wkt
or the crank expressr as a Fourier
fi:T:ffif;Jrt$Tl:fr:tr" series negrecnT

xo 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 u0 270 300 33{'

v 1.8 1.1 0.3 0.16 1:5 I.3 2.16 t.2s 1.3 1.52
}rfl' 1,76 2.r
Solutidn:

The Fourier series

y =f (x)=
? *,!, (a,, cos nx + b,,sin nr)

=+'f ('r) =f *41 cos..f * a2 cos 2x + a3cos 3x + D, sin x + b2 sin 2x + bj sin3x

where,

v -L
,o=zl l= 2x 16.15
", )- -lz-=2.09

' -L
o,=2fl:es.rl-zxo.zss
' )=--lr-
=-o'042

or=rL!]fo j= t#"=0.445

'' -L
ot=zlrvcos3xl-zxo.ss
' )=-_12-=o'06
 ......_*_"i*

-;

E
ls[Hl 3!9
.:X rD
G
I
=-
t rit
r .r cs: I cosZr sia 2r sB -rr lrcurr I yc62ri Jcct I ff

0 1.8 I I 1 0 0 0 1.8 1.8 1.8 0 0l 0

0946 0.55 0 0.5s 0.946 1.1

30 l.l 0.86 0.5 0 0.5 0.86 1

0.258 0.258 0
60 0.3 0.5 - 0.5 -l 0.86 0.86 0 0.15 - 0.15 - 0.3

-l 0 - 0.16 0 0.16 0 - 0.16

90 0.16 0 -l 0 1 0

t20 1.5 - 0.5 - 0.5 I 0.86 - 0.86 0 - 0.75 - 0.75 1.5 t.29 - 1.29 0
.

150 t.3 - 0.86 0.5 0 0.5 - 0.86 I - 1.1 18 0.65 0 0.6s - 1.118 1.3

0 0 0
180 2.16 -1 I -1 0 0 0 -2.t6 2.16 -2.t6

zto 0 - 0.5 0.86 -l - t.075 0.625 0 -0.625 1.075 - r.25

1.25 - 0.86 0.5

- 0.65 1.3 - 1.1 l8 1.1 l8

240 1.3 - 0.5 - 0.5 1 - 0.86 0.86 0 - 0.6s

270 1.52 0 -l 0 -t 0 I 0 1.52 0 - 1.52 0 1.52

t!u 0.5 - 0.86 = 0.g6 0 0.80 - 0.88 - r.76 - 1.513 - 1.513 0

300 0.5 .
330 2.O 0.86 0.5 - 0.5 - 0.86 -l 1.72 I 0 -l - 112 -2
0.38 - 2.868 -2.264 0.5'l
t6.15 - 0.257 2.61
 ;;*dfl
"--{ffi
--"'s
...-*-idfl
,,**.cffi
',*iff
,,"***,ir!i
,,,"*Mil

u:::iX
I

3.108 niffe,rentaf and Diftte *

atl = 2 lMe:rn
,,=r[ry#*)=^#*=-0.476 I +.s )'

=rl u
o,=rlu#E)='#---o3i4 4o = l'5
. ^ l- E v q4-14-l= '* o
br=zl--;-)=
o'5'
= o.o*
-vvu [ tr't' .
ot=zl--
=rlI r.rz
substituting
all , at . a2 . at , bt 'b2 ' b1 in /i(x)' we Set u

at=o'37
y =f (x) =ry - Ot,42cos 'r + 0'445 cos 2"r + 0'06 cos 3x

,,='[1
periodic function even a Pen:r
.= EXAMPLE i: The following table gives a variation of = 1.004
T.
sub a6,o1 , b1 in
T13 Ttz 2Tl3 5Tl6 T
x 0 T/6

1.05 1.3 - 0.88 - 0.25 1.98 t6)=f +

.v ="f (r)
1.98' 1.3

/(x) = 0.75
show that
EXAMPLE 3: (

y =I @)= 0'75 + 0'37 cos 0 + 1'004

sin 0 where s=ry -t
Solution: r=fF) I

From the table, Solution:

sin 0 v ycos0 ysin0 llcrc tlrc I
0 cos 0
iourier sine seri
0 1.98 1.98 0
----------------l
0 1
xl
60" 0.5 0.866 1.3 0.65 1.118 -----------+
0i
120" - 0.5 0.866 1.05 - a.525 0.903 300 I

1800 -l 0 1.3 - 1.3 0 60" I

0.44 0.756
e0"
- 0.5 - 0.866 - 0.88 I
24A"
tzoo
- 0.125 0.215 l
3000 0.5 - 0.86f' - a.25 1500 I

4.5 l.l2 3.01 3

 ffiXu+n*"'-
HI{**ie*''.'
ffi::::i",
_:

"- -4lllmg

-" . ---cll
.---rd
-""--*-fl
____--d
ffi.,.
ru#il*'tn***"
w-*",,
E*ui{{i!***,-,
""..".''ffil
,..*d
ruF-..,PP'-**
..*.,,,..gd

Fourier Series 3.109

ao = 2 [MeLn of Y]

_,1 O
-"l-+.sl
J

40 = l')
Itrcosrl
"r=zl_- 6_ l
_"I r.rzl
ol
at =o'37

,,=rIa#*]
rction even a Perroa
= 1.fi)4
S cs ,d1 ,b1in l(x) '

/(x1=f +0.3? cos 0+ 1-0&t sin 0

I {x) =0.75 + 0'37 cos 0 + l'004 sin 0

rxuraPlB 3: compure the first two lrarmo\i/of ,Fourier series if
,60" '900 120" 150"" 1t{P
r 0" 30"
s2a '7E50 5499 2626 0
.v =,f (r) 0. 8097

Solution:
ysin0 'fherclorc wc can cxprcss / i,r) as a ltall rartg
llcrc tlre lcngth o[ thc intcrvul is r.
':,irier sine series.
0
x sln r sin 2x J' .y sin x ,y sin 2.r
(< l.l 18
0 0 0
0 0 0
0.903 0.86 5224 2612 4492.64
300 0.5

0.86 8097 6963.42 6963.42

-._t 0 600 0.866
0 7850 7850 0
900 1
0.756
1200 0.86 - 0.86 5499 tizg.tt - 4729.14
0.215
1 50" 0.5 - 0.86 2626 l3l3 - 2258.76

3.01: 29296 23461.56 4468.56

 k**"
gii=*

F
H
H*.-
rup
H
[HN$r,-
ffi*
"

ffi:::::t,t::,1 E
3.110 Diff"r"niial and Difference

u,=rlD+*]=r["ry-)
-
br=7822'52
I l+nr sr-l
ur=lL- 6 ]

it /(x)' we get
substituting b1 ,b2

y=f (x)=7822.52 sinr* 1489'5 sin 2x'

n
EXAMPLE 4: Find the Fourier series is for*as fhe second'harmonic to represent the
given following data:
,, 4 5
x 0 1 3

9 18 24 28 26 20
v=I@)

Solution:
,5/' Since the interval is in the form of (0,2t),
2l=6
,_6_,
,-2-"
^ llx
...0= 3

0 cosO cos20 sin0 sin20 v ycos0 ycos20 ysin0 )'sin28

0 I I 0 0, 9 9 9 0 U

60 0.5 -.5 0.86 0.86 l8 9 -9 r5.48 15.4:

120 - 0.5 - 0.5 0.86 - 0.86 24 *tz -12 20.64 - l(t r-

r80 -t I 0 0 28 -28 28 0 (1

240 - 0.5 - 0.5 - 0.86 0.86 26 - 13 -13 -22.36 21. -r r

lherefore,

300 o.5 - 0.5 -0.86 - 0.86 20 l0 -10 -17.2 - l? -

),=,f (x)
t25 -25 -7 -3.44 I
I
{
(.r)
l'=,f
,i!i**."..,,,,,
$i!&i!$*-'-""
Hffi-....*",,

:trreP**"

=a
40 = 2 lmean of Y]

=,If]
ao= 4l'6

,,=r[+#-]
=,[#]
onic to represent the
at = - 8'33

o,=rl"ri
"]
l- l
='L -zu l
a?= -2'33

t r=zl rt'9inx l
Lol
_.,1 -z.qqf
.-'l r I

Lol
)'sin2g bt=- l'14
; 0 U
.L6J
tr"=zl>vslnzrl
-9 t 5.48 r5.4S

(9')
=,-[uJ
20.64 - 20.t'a

0 0 b2=o
-5

- j_l -22.36 2?.it

'
- 1{j -11.2 -t1 ) ="f (x) =20.83 + (- S.33) cos 0+ (-2.33) cos 2 0- 1.146 sin 0

) =,f (.t) = 20.83 - 8.33 cos A - 2.33 cos 2 0 - 1.146 sin 0.

 llH-
F
F
H
E+-*,
E+*
F*...
tu..,.

3.1 12 Differential and Oi&t"ryglquuttu.

1. Find the first 3 harmontc

]IIFFEREN
x 0 nt6 | zle 3 nl6 4nl6 5 rEl6 TE

1.6 0.83 0.51 0.88 2.34

2.34 2.2
/(,t) DIFFEREN(

Ans: / (r) = 1.4 sin x + l '21 sin 2'r + 0'75 sin 3-r' In this cha'
2. Determine the ltrst 2 harmonic - ,::i. a differen
. to the Lap
270 300 330 36: -:::-: sentation of
30 60 90 120 r50 180 210 240
xo

3.67 4.t5 3.69 2.2 0.83 0.51 0.88- 1.09 l.19 I .6;
v 2.34 3.01
.\ sequence

Ans: r' = 2.10 - 0.28 cos .\'- 0. 18 cos 2r + I '6 sin 'x: 0'49 sin 2r iegers. The
-
-h-
" term ol
p 3. Determine first 2 lurmol'ric
= rt- - tt, n2
a

)t I 2 5 4 5 6 :..PreSS il Sei

: -. :ls
]ll 5 10 l5 20 18 {5

Find the constant term and tlrc coeffiC'ient of tire first sine and cosine terms in
uE
4.' r. 0. 2, 6.
Fourier expansion of y as given i"n the following table'
1 ,3 .-' - h'
x 0 1 4 5 '

r,, Itlflli-..
)' 9 18 24 28 26 2A
: ,1313 l:
.
41.66
-
--.:..'
--.rl\ !---.-

Ans: /(r) =; L
- 8.33 cos
f - S':: .o, f
- l.l3 sin Y33+ 6.1) .in @
.-'.tr PL E

5. Thc fbllowing valucs ol .r,give thc <lisplacement in cms of a certain machine :"i"
of the rotiitiol -r of the lty wheel. Expand / (-r) in the fbrrn of a Fourier sert;.

_r 0 n/6 2 x/6 3 x/6 4 x/6 5 n/6

(x) 0 9.2 14.4 17.8 17.3 1t.'1
"f