Chapter-8 Linear Equations
Chapter-8 Linear Equations
Question 1.
Solution:
8 x 3 27 2 x
8 x 2 x 27 3
6 x 24
x4
A
Question 2.
Solution:
5x 7 2 x 8
5 x 2 x 8 7
3 x 15
x 5
Question 3.
Solution:
L
2 z 1 14 z
2 z z 14 1
3 z 15
z 5
Question 4.
Solution:
Q
9 x 5 4( x 2) 8
9x 5 4x 8 8
9 x 4 x 5
5 x 5
x 1
A
Question 6.
Solution:
2
3x 2 x 1
3
2
3x 2 x 1
3
3 2
x
3
1
x
L
3
Question 7.
Solution:
15( y 4) 2( y 9) 5( y 6) 0
15 y 60 2 y 18 5 y 30 0
15 y 2 y 5 y 60 18 30 0
18 y 12 0
Q
18 y 12
2
y
3
Question 8.
Solution:
3(5 x 7) 2(9 x 11) 4(8 x 13) 17
15 x 21 18 x 22 32 x 52 17
52 17 21 22 32 x 15 x 18 x
35 x 70
x2
A
Question 10.
Solution:
3t 2 2t 3 2
t
4 3 3
3(3t 2) 4(2t 3) 2
t
12 3
9t 6 8t 12 8 12t
t 18 8 12t
13t 26
L
t 2
Question 11.
Solution:
2 x 7 3 x 11 2 x 8
5
5 2 3
2(2 x 7) 5(3 x 11) 2 x 8 15
Q
10 3
4 x 14 15 x 55 2 x 7
10 3
3 4 x 14 15 x 55 10 2 x 7
12 x 42 45 x 165 20 x 70
33 x 123 20 x 70
33 x 20 x 70 123
53 x 53
x 1
A
x2
Question 13.
Solution:
1 1
5 x ( x 1) 6 x
3 30
x 1 1
5x 6x
3 5
15 x x 1 30 x 1
L
3 5
5(15 x x 1) 3(30 x 1)
75 x 5 x 5 90 x 3
70 x 90 x 3 5
20 x 8
8
x
20
Q
2
x
5
A
25 10 z
5
z
2
Question 15.
Solution:
3( y 5) ( y 3)
4y 3
4 2
3 y 15 16 y 6 y 3
L
4 2
Question 16.
Solution:
8x 3
2
3x
8 x 3 2(3 x)
Q
8x 3 6 x
8x 6 x 3
2x 3
3
x
2
A
Question 18.
Solution:
3x
4
5x 2
3 x 4(5 x 2)
3 x 20 x 8
3 x 20 x 8
23 x 8
L
8
x
23
Question 19.
Solution:
6y 5 7
2y 9
Q
9(6 y 5) 7(2 y )
54 y 45 14 y
54 y 14 y 45
40 y 45
9
y
8
A
29
Question 21.
Solution:
4x 7 1
9 3x 4
4(4 x 7) 9 3 x
16 x 28 9 3 x
16 x 3 x 9 28
L
19 x 19
x 1
Question 22.
Solution:
7 y 4 4
y2 3
Q
3(7 y 4) 4( y 2)
21 y 12 4 y 8
21 y 4 y 8 12
25 y 20
20 4
y
25 5
Question 23.
A
10 y 10
y 1
Question 24.
Solution:
2 x (7 5 x) 7
9 x (3 4 x) 6
2 x 7 5x 7
9x 3 4x 6
L
7x 7 7
5x 3 6
6(7 x 7) 7(5 x 3)
42 x 42 35 x 21
42 x 35 x 42 21
7 x 21
x3
Q
Question 25.
A
5m 7
7
m
5
Question 26.
Solution:
3x 5 3x 4
4x 2 4x 7
(4 x 7)(3 x 5) (4 x 2)(3 x 4)
L
12 x 2 20 x 21x 35 12 x 2 16 x 6 x 8
12 x 2 41x 35 12 x 2 22 x 8
12 x 2 12 x 2 41x 22 x 8 35
19 x 27
27
x
19
Q
Question 27.
A
Question 28.
Solution:
2 7x 3 7x
1 5x 4 5x
(4 5 x)(2 7 x) (1 5 x)(3 7 x)
8 28 x 10 x 35 x 2 3 7 x 15 x 35 x 2
35 x 2 18 x 8 35 x 2 8 x 3
35 x 2 35 x 2 18 x 8 x 8 3
L
10 x 5
1
x
2
Question 2.
A
Question 3.
Solution:
Let the number be x.
Four- fifths of the number is 10 more than two-thirds of the number.
4 2
x 10 x
5 3
4 x 30 2 x
5 3
3(4 x) 5(30 2 x)
L
12 x 150 10 x
2 x 150
x 75
Therefore, the number is 75.
Question 4.
Solution:
Q
Let one part be x.
7 times the first part = 7x
Let the other part be (24-x)
5 times the second part = 5(24-x)
7 x 5(24 x) 146
7 x 120 5 x 146
7 x 5 x 146 120
2 x 26
x 13
Therefore one part = 13
Other part = (24-x) = (24-13) = 11.
A
5x 4x
10
20
200 x
x 200
Therefore the number is 200.
Question 6.
Solution:
Let the common multiple for the given three numbers be x.
Then, the three numbers would be 4x, 5x and 6x.
L
4 x 6 x 5 x 55
10 x 5 x 55
10 x 5 x 55
5 x 55
x 11
Smallest number = 4x = 4×11 = 44
largest number = 6x = 6×11 = 66
Q
third number = 5x = 5×11 = 55.
Therefore, three numbers are 44, 55 and 66.
Question 7.
Solution:
Let the number be x.
10 4 x 5 x 5
10 5 5 x 4 x
15 x
x 15
Therefore, the number is 15.
Question 8.
A
x5
Therefore, first number = 3x = 3×5 = 15
Second number = 5x = 5×5 = 25.
Question 9.
Solution:
Let the first odd number be x.
Second odd number = (x+2)
Third odd number = (x+4)
x ( x 2) ( x 4) 147
L
x x 2 x 4 147
3 x 6 147
3 x 141
x 47
Therefore, first odd number is 47.
Second odd number = (x+2) = 47+2 =49
Third odd number = (x+4) = 47+4 =51
Q
Question 10.
Solution:
Let the first even number be x.
Second even number = x+2
Third even number = x+4
x x 2 x 4 234
3 x 6 234
3 x 228
x 76
First even number = 76
Second even number = x+2 = 76+2 =78
Question 11.
Solution:
Let the digit in the units place be x.
Digit in the tens place = (12-x)
Original number = 10(12 x) x 120 9 x
On reversing the digits we have x at tens place and (12-x) at units place.
New number = 10x 12 x 9x 12
New number – old number = 54
9 x 12 (120 9 x) 54
A
9 x 12 120 9 x 54
18 x 108 54
18 x 54 108
18 x 162
x9
Therefore, the digits in the units place is 9.
Digits in the tens place = (12-x) = (12-9) =3
Therefore, original number is 39.
L
Question 12.
Solution:
Let the digit in the units place be x.
Digit in the tens place = 3x
Original number = 10(3x) x 30 x x
On reversing the digits we have x at tens place and 3x at units place.
New number = 10x 3x 13x
Q
New number = old number -36
13 x 30 x x 36
13 x 31x 36
36 18 x
x2
Therefore, the digits in the units place is 2.
Digits in the tens place = 3x = 3×2 = 6
Therefore, original number is 62.
Question 13.
A
x 15
Therefore numerator is 15.
Denominator = x+7 = 15+7 = 22
15
So, original fraction = .
22
Question 14.
Solution:
Denominator, d=x
Twice of numerator, 2n x 2
L
x2
Numerator, n
2
n3 2
d 3 3
3(n 3) 2(d 3)
3n 9 2d 6
3n 2d 6 9
Q
3n 2d 3
x2
On replacing d by x and n by
2
x2
3 2 x 3
2
3x 6 4 x
3
2
6 x 6
x 6 6
x 12
So, denominator is 12.
Question 15.
Solution:
Let the breadth of the original rectangle be x cm.
Then, its length will be (x+7) cm.
The area of rectangle will be ( x)( x 7)cm2 .
( x 3)( x 7 4) ( x)( x 7)
A
( x 3)( x 3) x 2 7 x
x 2 3x 3x 9 x 2 7 x
x2 6x 9 x2 7 x
9 x2 x2 7 x 6 x
9x
x9
Breadth = 9 cm.
Length = (x+7) = (9+7) = 16 cm.
L
Question 16.
Solution:
Let the width of the rectangle be x cm.
3
Length of rectangle will be x.
2
3
Perimeter = 2( x) 2 x 180m.
2
Q
3
2( x) 2 x 180
2
6x
2x 180
2
4x 6x
180
2
10 x 360
x 36
Therefore, width of the rectangle is 36 m.
3 3
Length of the rectangle will be = x 36 54m.
2 2
A
x 2 5 x 12 5 x
2
2 3 6
( x 2)(5 x 12) 5 x 2
6 6
5 x 12 x 10 x 24 5 x 2
2
6 6
5 x 12 x 10 x 24 5 x 2
2
5 x 2 5 x 2 2 x 24
2 x 24
L
x 12m
Therefore, the base of the triangle is 12 m.
5 5
Altitude of triangle = x 12 20m.
3 3
Question 18.
Solution:
Let the common multiple of all the three angles be x.
Q
Then, the first angle will be 4x.
And the second angle will be 5x.
In a triangle, sum of all three angles is 180°.
So, third angle = 180 (4 x 5 x) 180 9 x
4 x 5 x 180 9 x
9 x 180 9 x
9 x 9 x 180
18 x 180
x 10
First angle = 4x = 4×10 = 40°
second angle = 5x = 5×10 = 50°
Question 19.
Solution:
Let the speed of the steamer in the still water be x km/h.
Speed (downstream) = (x+1) km/h
Speed (upstream) = (x-1) km/h
Distance covered in 9 hours (downstream) = 9(x+1) km
Distance covered in 10 hours (upstream) = 10(x-1) km
But both of these distances will be the same.
9( x 1) 10( x 1)
A
9 x 9 10 x 10
9 10 10 x 9 x
x 19
Therefore, speed of the steamer in still water is 19 km/h.
Distance between the ports = 9( x 1) 9(19 1) 9 20 180km.
Question 20.
Solution:
Let the speed of one motorcyclist be x km/hr.
L
So, speed of other motorcyclist will be (x+7) km/hr.
Distance travelled by the first motorcyclist in 2 hours = 2x km
Distance travelled by the first motorcyclist in 2 hours = 2(x+7) km
Therefore,
300 2 x (2 x 14) 34
300 (2 x 2 x 14) 34
300 4 x 14 34
Q
286 4 x 34
286 34 4 x
252 4 x
x 63
Therefore, the speed of motorcyclist is 63 km/h.
The speed of second motorcyclist is (x+7) = (63+7) = 70 km/h.
Question 21.
Solution:
Let the first number be x.
5
Then, the second number will be x.
6
A
5 5
Second number = x 60 50
6 6
2 2
Third number = x 60 40.
3 3
Question 22.
Solution:
Let the first part be x.
Let the second part be (4500-x).
5% of x = 10% of (4500-x)
L
5 10
x 4500 x
100 100
5 x 45000 10 x
100 100
5 x 45000 10 x
15 x 45000
x 3000
Q
Therefore, the first part is 3000.
Second part = (4500-x) = 4500-3000 = 1500.
Question 23.
Solution:
Let the present age of Rakhi be x.
Then, the present age of Rakhi’s mother will be 4x.
After 5 years, Rakhi’s age will be (x+5).
And her other’s age will be (4x+5).
Question 24.
Solution:
Let the age of Monu’s father be x.
The age of Monu’s grandfather will be (x+26).
A
Then, age of Monu will be (x-29).
x ( x 26) ( x 29) 135
x x 26 x 29 135
3 x 3 135
3 x 138
x 46
Therefore, age of Monu’s father = 46 years.
Age of grandfather = (x+26) = 46+26 = 72 years
L
Age of Monu = (x-29) = 46-29 = 17 years.
Question 25.
Solution:
Let the age of the grandson be x.
Then his grandfather’s age will be 10x.
Also, the grandfather is 54 years older than his grandson.
Therefore, age of grandson = x+54
10 x x 54
Q
10 x x 54
9 x 54
x6
Therefore, grandson’s age is 6 years.
Grandfather’s age = 10x = 10×6 = 60 years.
Question 26.
Solution:
Let the age of the younger cousin be x.
Then, the age of elder cousin will be (x+10).
15 years ago:
Question 27.
A
Solution:
Let the number of deer in the herd be x.
1
The number of deer grazing is x.
2
x x
Remaining deer = x
2 2
3 x 3
Number of deer playing = x.
42 8
The number of deer drinking water is 9.
3 x
L
9 x x
8 2
72 3 x 4 x
x
8
72 7 x 8 x
x 72
Therefore, total number of deer in the herd = 72.
Q
Page number: 113
Exercise 8C
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS:
Tick () the correct answer in each of the following:
Question 1.
Solution: (c) 5
2x 3 x 2
2x x 2 3
x5
A
Question 3.
Solution: (a) 40
4
z ( z 10)
5
5 z 4( z 10)
5 z 4 z 40
z 40
L
Question 4.
4
Solution: (c)
5
8
3m 5m
5
25m 8
3m
5
15m 25m 8
Q
10m 8
8 4
m
10 5
Question 5.
Solution: (b) -1
5t 3 3t 5
5t 3 3t 5
2t 2
t 1
A
7
y
3
Question 7.
Solution: (b) -1
6x 1 x3
1
3 6
6x 1 3 x 3
3 6
6(6 x 1 3) 6( x 3)
L
36 x 24 3 x 9
36 x 3 x 24 9
33 x 33
x 1
Question 8.
Q
Solution: (c) 36
n 3n 5n
21
2 4 6
6n 9n 10n
21
12
7n 2112
252
n
7
n 36
A
2
Question 10.
Solution: (c) 8
4x 8 5
5x 8 6
6(4 x 8) 5(5 x 8)
24 x 48 25 x 40
24 x 25 x 48 40
L
x 8
x 8
Question 11.
Solution: (d) 12
n 4
n 15 9
9n 4( n 15)
Q
9n 4n 60
9n 4n 60
5n 60
n 12
Question 13.
A
Solution: (c) 80
Let the number be x.
4 3
x x4
5 4
4 x 3 x 16
5 4
16 x 15 x 80
16 x 15 x 80
x 80
L
Question 14.
Solution: (b) 28 years
Let x be the common multiple of the ages of A and B.
Then, the ages of A and B would be 5x and 7x respectively.
5x 4 3
7x 4 4
4(5 x 4) 3(7 x 4)
Q
20 x 16 21x 12
16 12 21x 20 x
x4
Age of B = 7x = 7×4 = 28 years.
Question 15.
Solution: (b) 5 cm
Let the equal sides of triangle be x.
Then, perimeter would be ( x x 6)
Question 16.
Solution: (d) 17
Let the three consecutive integers be x, x+1 and x+2
x x 1 x 2 51
3 x 3 51
3 x 48
A
x 16
Middle integer = x+1 = 16+1 = 17.
Question 17.
Solution: (a) 40
Let the number be x and x+15
x x 15 95
2 x 15 95
2 x 80
L
x 40
The smaller number is 40.
Question 18.
Solution: (c) 48
`Let the number of boys in the classroom be x.
Then, the number of girls will be (x-8)
Q
The equation becomes:
x 7
x 8 5
5 x 7 x 56
2 x 56
x 28
A. Question 1.
Solution:
2a 2 3b 2 4c 2 5 (4a 2 5b 2 6c 2 8)
2a 2 3b 2 4c 2 5 4a 2 5b 2 6c 2 8
2a 2 4a 2 3b 2 5b 2 4c 2 6c 2 5 8
2a 2 8b 2 2c 2 13
A
Question 2.
Solution:
(i)
(4a 5b) (5a 6b)
4a(5a 6b) 5b(5a 6b)
20a 2 24ab 25ab 30b 2
20a 2 ab 30b 2
(ii)
(6 x 2 x 8) ( x 2 3)
L
x 2 (6 x 2 x 8) 3(6 x 2 x 8)
6 x 4 x 3 8 x 2 18 x 2 3 x 24
6 x 4 x 3 10 x 2 3 x 24
Question 3.
Solution:
a 2 2a 3)5a3 4a 2 3a 18(5a 6
Q
5a3 10a 2 15a
6a 2 12a 18
6a 2 12a 18
0
x
1 1
x 2 2 x 2 16
x x
1
x 2 2 16 2 18
A
x
(ii)
2
2 1
x 2 (18)
2
x
1 1
x 4 2 x 2 2 4 324
x x
1
x 4 4 324 2 322
x
L
Question 5.
Solution:
(83) 2
(17) 2
(83 17)(83 17)
100 66
6600
Q
Question 6.
Solution:
(i)
x3 3x 2 x 3
x 2 ( x 3) 1( x 3)
( x 2 1)( x 3)
(ii)
63 x 2 y 2 7
7(9 x 2 y 2 1)
7 (3 xy ) 2 (1) 2
7(3 xy 1)(3 xy 1)
A
7 x 2 21x 2 x 6
7 x( x 3) 2( x 3)
(7 x 2)( x 3)
Question 7.
Solution:
2 x 7 15
3 x 5 17
17(2 x 7) 15(3 x 5)
L
34 x 119 45 x 75
119 75 45 x 34 x
44 11x
x4
Question 8.
Solution:
Let the present age of the son be x years and that of the father be f years.
Q
5 years back, the father was 7 times as old as his son.
( f 5) 7( x 5)
f 7 x 35 5
f 7 x 30
After 5 years, ages of the father and son will be ( f 5)and ( x 5) , respectively.
After 5years, the father will be three times older than his son.
B.
A
Question 9.
Solution: (c) (a 1)(b 1)
ab a b 1
a(b 1) 1(b 1)
(a 1)(b 1)
Question 10.
Solution: (b) (1 8 x)(3 x)
3 23 x 8 x 2
L
3 23 x 8 x 2
3 24 x x 8 x 2
3(1 8 x) x(1 8 x)
(1 8 x)(3 x)
Question 11.
Solution: (a) ( x 3)(7 x 2)
Q
7 x 2 19 x 6
7 x 2 21x 2 x 6
7 x( x 3) 2( x 3)
( x 3)(7 x 2)
Question 12.
Solution: (c) 3(2 x 5) 2
Question 13.
Solution: (b) (5 p 3)(2 p 1)
10 p 2 11 p 3
10 p 2 11 p 3
A
5 p(2 p 1) 3(2 p 1)
(5 p 3)(2 p 1)
Question 14.
Solution: (c) 2 x(2 x 1)(2 x 1)
8 x3 2 x
2 x(4 x 2 1)
2 x (2 x) 2 (1) 2
L
2 x(2 x 1)(2 x 1)
Question 15.
Solution: (b) x 4
x 5 x 5 25
2 3 6
3( x 5) 2( x 5) 25
Q
6 6
3 x 15 2 x 10 25
5 x 5 25
5 x 20
x4
C. Question 16.
Solution:
(i) x2 18 x 81 ( x 9)2 .
(ii) 4 36 x 2 4(1 3x)(1 3x) .
(iii) x 2 14 x 13 ( x 13)( x 1) .
D. Question 17.
Solution:
(i) (5 3x 2 ) is a binomial. - T
(ii) 8 is a monomial. - T
(iii) (5a 9b) (6a 2b) (a 7b) . - F
8 3 4 64
(iv) When x 2 and y 1 the value of x y is . -T
7 7
A
x x x 3
(v) x 9. . - T
4 6 2 4
2
(vi) 2 x 5 0 x . . - F
5
L
Q