New Foraminifera from the Cenomanian of Sinai, Egypt

Author(s): S. Omara
Source: Journal of Paleontology, Vol. 30, No. 4 (Jul., 1956), pp. 883-890
Published by: SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology
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 JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY,VOL. 30, NO. 4, P. 883-890, PL. 101,102,6 TEXT-FIG., JULY 1956

NEW FORAMINIFERA FROM THE CENOMANIAN

OF SINAI, EGYPT
S. OMARA
University of Cairo, Egypt

ABSTRACT-The genus ThomasinellaSchlumberger,1893, is emended and two new

species described, T. aegyptiaand T. fragmentaria.Ontogenetic variations in this
genus suggest that ReophaxMontfort, 1808,is an ancestraltype and that Thomasi-
nella may be placed in the family Reophacidae. Cribrostomoides sinaica, n. sp., C.
paralens, n. sp., and Nezzazatasimplex, n. gen., n. sp., are also introduced. The
stratigraphicsignificanceof the foraminifersis discussed.

INTRODUCTION Disposition of types.-The holotypes and

HE Cenomanian rocks of Nezzazat, an some paratypes, inclusive of the figured par-
T area on the western coast of the Sinai atypes of only Thomasinella aegyptia, are de-
Peninsula, have yielded an interesting posited in the American Museum of Natural
association of foraminifers in a good state History, New York. Other paratypes are in
of preservation. Among the forms ob- the collections of the Amt fUr Bodenforsch-
served there are arenaceous branching ung, Hannover, Germany. Thin sections and
more paratypes, inclusive of the figured ones,
specimens which are similar to Thoma- will be deposited in the collections of the Ge-
sinella punica Schlumberger, 1853. A careful
restudy of this genus based on specimens ology Department, University of Cairo.
from Nezzazat as well as the original SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS
species (collections of H. B. Brady in the
British Museum of Natural History) showed Genus THOMASINELLASchlumberger,
fundamental relationships between Thoma- 1893, emend.
sinella Schlumberger, 1889, and Reophax Genotype: Thomasinella punica Schlum-
Montfort, 1808. berger, 1893.
Genus Cribrostomoides Cushman, 1910, Genus Thomasinella was first proposed by
emend. Frizzel & Schwartz, 1950, is rep- Schlumberger in 1889, and described by him
resented by two new species which are (1893), with two species Thomasinella
described and illustrated. A rotaliid fora- rugosa and T. punica as genotypes. Schlum-
minifer was observed in which its apertural berger's definition of Thomasinella is "Plas-
characteristics and the micro-structure of its mostracum arborescent, compose de loges
test necessitated the erection of a new genus superposees se bifurquant plus ou moins
with a new species as genotype. regulierement et a plusieurs reprises. Test
arenace ~pais. Ouvertures aux extremitis de
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
chaque branche."
Thanks are due to Professor S. E. Thomasinella is emended to include un-
Hollingworth and Dr. T. Barnard for the use branched uniserial, linear or slightly curved
of facilities of the Geology Department, arenaceous foraminifera, distinguished by
University College, London; to C. Deilmann terminal simple apertures.
Bergbau, Bentheim, Germany, for facilities Diagnosis.-Test large, uniserial or bi-
provided in their micropaleontological furcating; chambers successively increasing
laboratory. A special word of gratitude is in size, either discoidal or nodulose, some-
due to the authorities of the British Museum times slightly inflated with roughly circular
(Natural History), London, who have cross-section, in other cases compressed
given the author the permission to examine and flattened and more or less pentagonal
and photograph their seven specimens of in shape; sutures either straight with
Thomasinella punica and to section one of occasional fine indentations or chevron-
them. Thanks are also due to Dr. H. Hilter- shaped; chamber-cavities simple separated
mann for critically reading the manuscript. by septal walls or connected; wall arena-
883

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884 S. OMARA

bbb

b ia

aa 2

TEXT-FIG. 1-Ontogenetic relationships observed among different individuals of Thomasinella aegyp-

tia, n. sp.
1-Nepionic form, X 13. Ib, longitudinal section; Ic, apertural view.
2-4--Neanic forms (2,3 X 13; 4 X 15). 2b & 3b, apertural views.
5-Ephebic form X 13. 5b, longitudinal section; 5c, apertural view.
6-10-Gerontic forms (6-9 X13; 10 X15). 6b,8b & 9b, longitudinal sections; apertural views 6c &
7b.

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 SINA I CRETA CEO US FORA MINIFERA 885

ceous, thick, simple or labyrinthic mainly

formed of quartz grains, in other cases the
wall is mainly formed of fossil remains
agglutinated in a calcareous whitish or
ferruginous brownish cement. Aperture in
the young, simple, terminal, either rounded,
polygonal, slit-shaped or irregular; in the
adult, two elongate slits trend to the
flattened side of the last-formed chamber,
later mostly rounded or polygonal aperture,
or two slit-like apertures at the end of each
branch.
Remarks.-The arrangement of chambers
in Thomasinella differs in the different TEXT-FIG. 2-Thomasinella punica, n.sp.,
stages of individual development. On longitudinalsection X10.
morphologic grounds, the early uniserial
types of growth (juvenile forms), from in the neanic forms (P1. 101, fig. 3,4, Text-
which the branching types are derived, are fig. 1-2a,3a,4); wall arenaceous, simple,
rather difficult to distinguish from Reophax formed of sand grains mostly angular and
(Text-fig. 1). Ontogenetic considerations of more or less uniform size; chamber
thus suggest that Thomasinella and Reophax cavities simple, separated by septal walls;
are related and may have risen from the surface moderately smooth; aperture termi-
same ancestral stock. Thomasinella should nal, simple, roughly rounded or polygonal
then be placed in the Reophacidae. opening surrounded by coarser sand grains
(Text-fig. 1-1c,2b,3b). The length of the
THOMASINELLAAEGYPTIA Omara, n. sp. test and the number of the chambers are
P1. 101, fig. 1-6, Text-fig. 1 indefinite due to the fact that the test is
Diagnosis.-Test uniserial or bifurcating seldom found complete. In the few complete
in one plane; chambers nodulose, discoidal tests observed, the length of the shell varies
or polygonal and flattened; sutures either from 1.2, 1.6 to 2 mm. (P1. 101, fig. 3).
straight or chevron-shaped; wall simple, The juvenile forms have somewhat the
formed of rather angular sand grains, some- appearance of Reophax suevica Franke
times with a small amount of colored (1936) but are roughly twice as large as that
minerals; aperture either one or two species.
terminal simple openings; length of holotype Ephebic (adult) stage.--Description: Uni-
1.9 mm., maximum breadth 0.88 mm. serial; chambers discoidal, later flattened
Remarks.-A number of definite stages of and more broad than long with more or less
individual development have been dis- polygonal outline; early sutures straight,
tinguished. The early stages are uniserial later chevron-shaped; last-formed chamber
either rectilinear or gently curvilinear while large with two terminal slit-like apertures,
the later ontogenetic forms are arborescent. trending parallel to the flattened part of the
The embryonic stage is sometimes shown by shell, surrounded by coarser sand grains
a fairly large megalospheric proloculus. (Text-fig. 1-5a,5c); wall arenaceous, simple.
Text-fig. 1 shows the ontogenetic relation- The chevron-shaped septa and the two
ship observed among different individuals slit-like terminal apertures characterize this
of Thomasinella aegyptia. uniserial intermediate form. The simple
Juvenile stage.-Description: A simple cavity of the last-formed chamber is
arrangement of uniserial chambers, straight divided into two smaller ones by an internal
or slightly curved; segments discoidal or partition (Text-fig. 1- 5b), such a division is
nodulose; in the complete forms encountered sometimes reflected on the surface by one or
the initial chamber is large, megalospheric; two faint depressions (shaded areas, Text-
sutures distinct, slightly depressed, straight fig. 1-5a).
in the nepionic forms (Text-fig. 1-la), with Gerontic (senile) stage.--Description: Test
fine indentation or gently chevron-shaped dichotomously branching, in the early

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886 S. OMARA

stages uniserial, later bifurcating; segments sinella rugosa Schlumberger but differs from
either discoidal or flattened with more or that species in that it has more distinct
less polygonal outline; sutures straight or sutures and definite terminal simple aper-
chevron-shaped, somewhat constricted; wall tures.
arenaceous, simple, thickness of wall around Type.-AMNH, Holotype, pl. 101, fig.
2 mm., surface moderately smooth; cavities 11, FT-1161.
separated by the septal walls or otherwise Genus CRIBROSTOMOIDES Cushman 1910
connected; aperture either one roughly
rounded sometimes polygonal or two slit- CRIBROSTOMOIDES SINAICA Omara, n.sp.
like apertures at the end of each branch P1. 102, fig. 4-6, Text-fig. 3-1,2,
and 4a-c
(Text-fig. 1-6c,7b), bifurcation either starts
consecutively (Text-fig. 1-7a) or after Diagnosis.-Test free; planispiral; com-
retrograding to the early uniserial arrange- pletely involute; umbilicate on both sides;
ment; angle of bifurcation observed between outer coil consists of 5-7 triangular cham-
twin branches varies from 750, 870, 920, 940 bers increasing rapidly in size; sutures well-
(Pl. 101, fig. 1,2,5, Text-fig. 1-6a,7a,8a,9a, marked, depressed, slightly concave to-
10). wards the aperture at about half the dis-
The senile stage of Thomasinella tance to the periphery, then gently convex;
aegyptia is readily comparable with periphery broad, rather rounded, lobate;
Thomasinella punica Schlumberger (P1. 101, wall simple, finely arenaceous with consid-
fig. 7-10). However the chief distinctions of erable whitish calcareous cement. Aperture
the latter are: conspicuous, comparatively large in the
form of a crescentic or inverted U-shaped
1) Suture lines are usually only faintly
marked. opening in the apertural face of the last
formed chamber, above the base.
2) At the end of each branch there is a
Dimensions:
conspicuous, comparatively larger, cir-
cular aperture. Greater Lesser Thickness
Diameter Diameter
3) The wall is formed by the agglomera- (mm.) (mm.)
tion of very fine sand grains (Text-fig. Holotype 0.91 0.74 0.51
2).
Remarks.-1. H6glund (1947, p. 133, pl.
Types.-AMNH, Holotype, pl. 101, fig. 6, 11, fig. 1-5) divided Cushman's genus
FT-1151. Paratype, pl. 101, fig. 1, FT-1158, Haplophragmoides, 1910, into a group with
2, FT-1159, 3, FT-1154, 4, FT-1155, 5, FT- "interio-marginal" aperture and another
1160. About 70 specimens were secured and with "interio-areal" aperture. The former
10 of these sectioned. group retains the generic name Haplo-
THOMASINELLAFRAGMENTARIA
phragmoides while the latter has been
grouped under the new genus Labrospira.
Omara, n. sp. 2. Frizzel & Schwartz (1950, p. 1,2,
P1. 101, fig. 11 fig. 1) emended the genus Cribrostomoides
Diagnosis.-Uniserial or bifurcating; test Cushman, 1910, to include planispiral are-
formed of agglutinated fossil remains; naceous foraminifera with undivided cham-
other test parts are to a less extent of bers and with either a slit aperture or, in
angular sand grains held together in a variant individuals, with multiple apertures
slightly calcareous whitish cement which enclosed within the apertural face at its
is sometimes brownish and ferruginous; wall base "interio-areal" and thus rejected
very thick and labyrinthic; surface very Labrospira H6glund, 1947, as synonym. The
irregular and rough; sutures not distinct; emendment of Frizzel is adopted here.
aperture terminal simple at the top of the 3. Rarely is an irregular crescentic aper-
last chamber or chambers of the branches; ture seen.
maximum length of holotype 2.5 mm.; Types.-AMNH, Holotype, pl. 102, fig.
maximum breadth 1 mm. 5,6, FT-1163. Paratype pl. 102, fig. 4 FT-
Remarks.--The branching form of 1164. Some 100 specimens secured, 5 were
Thomasinellafragmentaria resembles Thoma- sectioned,

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 SINAI CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA 887

CRIBROSTOMOIDESPARALENSOmara, n.sp.
P1. 102, fig. 1-3, Text-fig. 3-3
and 4d, 4e
Diagnosis.-Test free, lenticular, plani-
spiral, completely involute, umbilicate on
both sides; outer coil consists of 6-9 com-
paratively narrow triangular simple cham-
bers; sutures conspicuous, gently sigmoi-
dal; wall simple, finely arenaceous with a
lba 2a 3a considerable amount of calcareous cement.
Aperture inverted V-shaped, in the aper-
tural face of the last formed chamber.
tb 2b Ib
Dimensions:
Greater Lesser Thickness
TEXT-FIG. 3-Cribrostomoides sinaica n.sp. (la- Diameter Diameter (mm.)
2b) X22. (mm.) (mm.)
la, side view; lb, aperturalview (holotype)
Za, side view; 2b, apertural view (paratype) Holotype 0.91 0.80 0.51
Cribrostomoides paralens (3a-3b) X22
3a, side view; 3b, aperturalview. Remarks.-This species differs from
Cribrostomoides sinaica in having a some-
what compressed lenticular test; the periph-
ery tends to be angular while the inverted
V-shaped aperture is situated somewhat
higher in the apertural face (Text-fig. 4).
The variation in number of chambers of the
a b c outer whorl in both Cribrostomoidesparalens
and Cribrostomoides sinaica, based on fifty
specimens of each is elucidated by histo-
grams and frequency curves (Text-fig. 5).
A A Types.-AMNH, Holotype, pl. 102, fig.
1,2, FT-1165. Paratype, pl. 102, fig. 3, FT-
1166.
d e Genus NEZZAZATA Omara, n. gen.

TEXT-FIG.4-Diagram showing a comparison be- Genotype: N. simplex, n. sp.

tween the aperturesof Cribrostomoides
sinaica Diagnosis.-Test small, trochiform, plano-
(a-c) and C. paralens (d, e). convex or unequally biconvex, ventrally

d)
( So30 (30 z 30
z
w o
F MZo
LL I'
to 20 20
c
i-
U
S10 0 100

z z 0
5 6 8 07
56789 5 6 7 8 9 10
NUMBER OF CHAMBERS NUMBER OF CHAMBERS OF CHAMBRS
NUMBER
IN THE OUTER WHORL IN THE OUTER WHORL IN THE OUTER WHORL

a b C

TEXT-FIG. 5-a & b. Histograms showing the variation in the number of chambers in the outer whorl
of Cribrostomoides sinaica & C. paralensrespectively. c. Frequency curves showing the variation in
the numberof chambersin the outer whorl of Cribrostomoides sinaica (continuousline) and C. para-
lens (dashed line).

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888 S. OMARA

di
ci e

< 9

TEXT-FIG.6-Nezzazata simplex, n. gen., n. sp. a, Ventral view; b, side view; c, dorsal view (holotype),
X38; d, ventral view; e, dorsal view (paratypes), X38; f, diagram showing some variations in the
aperture; g, diagram showing some patterns of lobulation in the periphery.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 101

FIG. 1-6-Thomasinella aegyptia Omara, n. sp. Lower part of Cenomanian, Nezzazat area, W. Sinai,
Egypt, X27. 6, holotype.
7-10-Thomasinella punica Schlumberger. Upper Cenomanian, Djebel Meghila (Foum el Guelta),
Tunisia, X 15.
l--Thomasinella fragmentaria Omara, n. sp. Lower part of Cenomanian, Nezzazat area, W.
Sinai, Egypt, X23. Holotype.

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JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY, VOL. 30 PLATE 101 S. Omara

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JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY, VOL. 30 PLATE 102 S. Omara

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 SINA I CRETA CEO US FORA MINIFERA 889

involute, dorsally evolute; three whorls, white; wall single layered, granulate, finely
8-10 chambers in each whorl; chambers perforate; septa single-walled; proloculus,
without supplementary chamberlets. Aper- about 0.05 mm. in diameter. Aperture ven-
tural face triangular, either nearly vertical tral, long narrow opening extending from
or inclined; aperture ventral, a narrow near the umbilical region at the base of the
opening extending from near the umbilical apertural face, bending below the dorsal
region at the base of the apertural face wall parallel to the periphery, the bending
bending below the dorsal wall parallel to is nearly at right angles to form an L-shaped
the periphery, usually with a flattened orifice, typically with a flattened toothlike
tooth-like outgrowth of the wall of various outgrowth of the wall which projects into
shapes. Wall calcareous, granulate, single- the aperture opposite to the angle of bend-
layered, finely perforate; septa single- ing.
walled. Dimensions:
Remarks.-Wood (1949) and Glaessner Greater Lesser
(1949) emphasize the importance for classi- Diameter Diameter Thickness
fication, of the micro-structure of the wall (mm.) (mm.)
of the test in the foraminifera, and in Holotype 0.62 0.51 0.23
particular the discrimination between gran-
ulate and radiate structures. The micro- Types.-AMNH, Holotype, pl. 102, fig.
structure of the genus Nezzazata differs 7-9, FT-1167. Paratypes, pl. 102, fig.
10-13, FT-1168. About 200 specimens, 20
essentially from that described in Rotalia by sectioned.
Wood (1949) and that assigned to the super-
family Rotaliidea by Smout (1954, p. 9). DISCUSSION
The systematic position of genus Nezzazata The different forms of Thomasinella
and closely allied genera in relation to other aegyptia and Thomasinella fragmentaria
rotaliid foraminifera is still to be settled. occur together in the shales and marls of the
lower part of the Cenomanian. Schlumberger
NEZZAZATASIMPLEX Omara n. sp.
(1893) recorded Thomasinella punica and
P1. 102, fig. 7-13, Text-fig. 6 Thomasinella rugosa from the "Cenomanien
Diagnosis.-Test free, small, trochoid; sup6rieur" in Tunisia and Algeria.
outline sub-circular to oval; ventrally con- Cribrostomoides siniaca and Cribrosto-
vex, dorsally either slightly convex or nearly moides paralens together with Nezzazata
flat, sometimes uneven; three whorls with simplex are confined to a gray gypsiferous
8-10 chambers in each whorl; chambers marl in the lower part of the Cenomanian
distinct increasing slightly in size as added; where they are very abundant.
ventral sutures radial slightly depressed and These faunas have not been found above
gently curved, in some cases with a gentle the lower part of the Cenomanian of
indentation which points backwards away Nezzazat (Omara, 1951). This restricted
from the apertural face, dorsal sutures range gives some expectation of the possible
nearly straight, oblique, faintly limbate; value for correlation but this must await
umbilical area closed; periphery usually additional work in other Cenomanian sec-
acute; lobulation varies in pattern, rarely tions in Egypt to ascertain their regional
nearly smooth; appearance usually waxy extensions.

OF PLATE102
EXPLANATION
FIG.1-3- Cribrostomoides paralens Omara, n. sp. 1,2, holotype, X50; 3, equatorial section, X75.
From lower Cenomanian,Nezzazat area, western Sinai, Egypt.
4-6--Cribrostomoidessinaica Omara, n. sp. 4, median (equatorial)section, X75; 5,6, holotype,
X50. Same locality as above.
7-13-Nezzazata simplex Omara, n. sp. 7-9, holotype, X50; 10, equatorial section, X100; 11,
vertical section, X300; 12, part of equatorial section, X750; 13, part of vertical section,
X 1000. Same locality as above.

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890 S. OMARA

Type locality.-The Nezzazat area, west- sification]: Geol. Soc. London, Quart. Jour.,
ern coast of the Peninsula of Sinai (eastern vol. 105, p. 539-540.
H6GLUND, HANS, 1947, Foraminifera in the
coast of the Gulf of Suez), about 150 kms. Gullmar Fjord and the Skagerak: Uppsala
southeast of Suez. Univ., Zool. Bidrag, Bd. 26, p. 1-328, 32 pl.
OMARA,S. M., Micro-stratigraphical studies of
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