Python - PCAP Exam Syllabus
Python - PCAP Exam Syllabus
(https://pythoninstitute.org/)
basic concepts: interpreting and the interpreter, compilation and the compiler, language elements, lexis, syntax
and semantics, Python keywords, instructions, indenting
literals: Boolean, integer, floating-point numbers, scientific notation, strings
operators: unary and binary, priorities and binding
numeric operators: ** * / % // + –
bitwise operators: ~ & ^ | << >>
string operators: * +
Boolean operators: not and or
relational operators ( == != > >= < <= ), building complex Boolean expressions
assignments and shortcut operators
accuracy of floating-point numbers
basic input and output: input(), print(), int(), float(), str() functions
formatting print() output with end= and sep= arguments
conditional statements: if, if-else, if-elif, if-elif-else
the pass instruction
simple lists: constructing vectors, indexing and slicing, the len() function
simple strings: constructing, assigning, indexing, slicing comparing, immutability
building loops: while, for, range(), in, iterating through sequences
expanding loops: while-else, for-else, nesting loops and conditional statements
controlling loop execution: break, continue
strings in detail: ASCII, UNICODE, UTF-8, immutability, escaping using the \ character, quotes and apostrophes
inside strings, multiline strings, copying vs. cloning, advanced slicing, string vs. string, string vs. non-string, basic
string methods (upper(), lower(), isxxx(), capitalize(), split(), join(), etc.) and functions (len(), chr(), ord()), escape
characters
lists in detail: indexing, slicing, basic methods (append(), insert(), index()) and functions (len(), sorted(), etc.), del
instruction, iterating lists with the for loop, initializing, in and not in operators, list comprehension, copying and
cloning
lists in lists: matrices and cubes
tuples: indexing, slicing, building, immutability
tuples vs. lists: similarities and differences, lists inside tuples and tuples inside lists
dictionaries: building, indexing, adding and removing keys, iterating through dictionaries as well as their keys and
values, checking key existence, keys(), items() and values() methods
defining your own classes, superclasses, subclasses, inheritance, searching for missing class components,
creating objects
class attributes: class variables and instance variables, defining, adding and removing attributes, explicit
constructor invocation
class methods: defining and using, the self parameter meaning and usage
inheritance and overriding, finding class/object components
single inheritance vs. multiple inheritance
name mangling
invoking methods, passing and using the self argument/parameter
the __init__ method
the role of the __str__ method
introspection: __dict__, __name__, __module__, __bases__ properties, examining class/object structure
writing and using constructors
hasattr(), type(), issubclass(), isinstance(), super() functions
using predefined exceptions and defining your own ones
the try-except-else-finally block, the raise statement, the except-as variant
exceptions hierarchy, assigning more than one exception to one except branch
adding your own exceptions to an existing hierarchy
assertions
the anatomy of an exception object
input/output basics: opening files with the open() function, stream objects, binary vs. text files, newline character
translation, reading and writing files, bytearray objects
read(), readinto(), readline(), write(), close() methods
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