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ISBN : 978 - 99933 - 717 - 7 - 9

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kf7 ! d]/f] l5d]sL klxn] / clxn] $$
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-u_ clg;sf] ============ k}“tL; jif{sf] x'g'x'G5 .
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@= tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]v M

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-u_ ltd|f cfdf a'af slt jif{sf x'g'eof] <
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kfgL xfN5' . clg s/];faf/Ldf t/sf/Lsf la?jfdf klg kfgL xfN5' .
slxn]sfxL“ ;fg'dfofnfO{ ;3fp“5' . ;fg'dfof d]/L ;fyL / l5d]sL klg x'g\ .
pd]zsf] s'/f ;'g/] xl/n] eg], æd ufO{j:t'nfO{ 3f“;, k/fn xfNg
;xof]u u5'{ . kfgL lbG5' . s'6f], sf]bfnf], 8f]sf], gfDnf] klg e]l6g]
7fp“df /fV5' .Æ æd cfdfnfO{ ;3fp“5' . d k;naf6 ;fdfg lsg]/
Nofp“5' . a'afcfdfn] cx|fPsf] sfd ug{ dnfO{ dgk5{ .Æ – d~h'n]
klg cfkm"n] ug]{ sfd atfOg\ . ;a}n] ug]{ sfd ;'g/] u'?cfdf v';L
x'ge' of] . To;kl5 ;a}nfO{ wGojfb klg lbg'eof] .
lzIf0f lgb]{zg M
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sdnf / pgsf] efOn] ug]{ sfd xl/n] ug]{ sfd ltdLn] ug]{ sfd
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ahf/ uO{ ;fdfg lsg]/ t/sf/L s]nfpg ;xof]u u/]/

ltdL klg 3/df a'afcfdfnfO{ s'gs'g sfddf ;3fp“5f} < pd]zn] h:t}
tflnsfdf n]v]/ b]vfpm .

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gldNg]df (×) lr≈g nufpm M

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lrof, kfgL lunf;df, eft vfG5' yfndf,
xfN5' g'g, l3p d t, dL7f] nfU5 bfndf .

d]r, lksf{, u'Gb|L, dfGb|f], vf6dfly a:5',

;fdfg hlt b/fh, 6]an' , afs;df /fV5' .
k9\g] n]Vg] lstfasfkL slxNo} RoflTbg“ d,
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sfddf k|of]udf cfp“5g\ < To:tf ;fdfgx¿ sxf“ /fVg'k5{ < cflb af/]df ;f]Wg'xf];\ /
afnaflnsfnfO{ hjfkm lbg nufpg'xf];\ . 3/sf ;fdfgx¿ 7Ls7Ls 7fp“df /fVg'k5{ egL
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n]Vg sfd nfU5 .
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@= s'g ;fdfg sxf“ /fVg'k5{ < hf]8f

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cl:t pdfsf] 3/df k"hf lyof] . d}n] k"hfsf nflu km"n l6k]/
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d ld;|Lnfn x'“ . d]/f] ufp“sf] gfd nvgk'/ xf] . l5d]sdf d]/f w]/}
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cf}ifwL lbP . pgL lgsf] eOg\ . d}n] hd'lgofnfO{ ;xof]u u/]“ . pgn]
klg xfd|L lbbLsf] lax]df hGtLnfO{ kfgL lbP/ ;xof]u ul/g\ .
a'l4/Tg / zLnzf]ef ;x/df
a:5g\ . pgLx¿ Pp6} 6f]nsf]
jNnf] kNnf] 3/df a:5g\ . Pslbg
a'l4/Tgsf] 3/df cfuf] nfUof] .
zLnzf]efn] bdsnnfO{ kmf]g
ul/g\ . t'?Gt} bdsn cfof] /
cfuf] lgefof] . To;}n] l5d]ssf c¿
3/df cfuf] nfUg kfPg . o;/L
zLnzf]efn] bdsn af]nfP/ ;xof]u ul/g\ .
lzIf0f lgb]{zg M
afnaflnsfx¿n] cfgf 5/l5d]sdf s]s:tf] ;xof]u ul//x]sf 5g\ < j|mdzM ;a};u“ ;f]wvf]h
u/L l5d]sdf /x]sf JolStx¿nfO{ ;xof]u ug{ k|fT] ;fxg ug{x' f];\ .
8 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
 lj|mofsnfk

!= s;n] s] sfd u¥of] < tnsf] tflnsfdf e/ M

ld;|Lnfnn] b]ljsfn] zLnzf]efn]

@= ltd|f] ;fyLn] l5d]sLnfO{ ;3fpg] sfdsf] o:tf] tflnsf agfP M

-s_ 6f]ndf ef]het]/ x'“bf kfgL af“8]/
-v_ cfgf l5d]ssf ;fyL x/fp“bf k|x/LnfO{ va/ u/]/
-u_ rf8kj{df cfkm"eGbf 7"nfn] cx|fPsf] dfg]/
-3_ l5d]sL la/fdL x'“bf cf}ifwL NofOlbP/
-ª_ 6f]ndf cfunfuL x'“bf bdsnnfO{ kmf]g u/]/ .

ltdL klg cfgf] l5d]sLnfO{ s;/L ;xof]u u5f}{ < ltd|f] ;fyLn] h:t} ;"rL
agfpm M
!= ================================ @= ================================
#= ================================ $= ================================
%= ================================ ^= ================================
#= 7Ls s'/f dfq cfgf] sfkLdf ;f/]/ n]v M
-s_ xfdLn] l5d]sLnfO{ cfkm"n] ;s]sf] ;xof]u ug'{k5{ .
-v_ ;s];Dd l5d]sLx¿;“u emu8f ug'{k5{ .
-u_ l5d]sL c;n geP klg xfdL c;n x'g'kb{5 .
-3_ ;fgf];fgf] ;xof]un] klg 7"nf] sfd u5{ .

xfdL cfgf l5d]sLx¿nfO{ ;s]sf] ;xof]u u5f+“} .

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 9
PsfO – b'O{ xfd|f] k/Dk/f, ;fdflhs d"No / dfGotf
kf7 – ! kfx'gfsf] ;Tsf/
- bLks v]Nb} lyP / cfdf leq x'gx' G' Yof] _
bLks M cfdf ⁄ lbbL / legfh' cfpg'eP5 . gd:sf/ lbbL ⁄
gd:sf/ legfh' .
lbbL÷legfh' M efUodfgL eP afa' ⁄
lbbL M cfdfa'jf vf]O t <
bLks M leq x'g'x'G5 . leq a;f}“ g
legfh' .
legfh' M gd:sf/ cfdf ⁄
cfdf M gd:sf/ HjfO“ ;fx]a ⁄
sltv]/ cfpg'eof] <
legfh' M ev{/} cfPsf xf}“, cfdf .
- pgLx¿ s'/fsfgL ubf{ub}{ ;'GtnL cfOg\ _
;'GtnL M 3/df sf] x'g'x'G5 <
bLks M s;nfO{ vf]Hg'ePsf] lbbL <
;'GtnL M efO ltd|f] a'afcfdf x'gx' G' g <
bLks M tkfO{“nfO{ d}n] lrlgg“ . s] sfdn] cfpg'ePsf] xf] <
;'GtnL M d :jf:Yo :jod\;]ljsf x'“ . o; 3/df kf“r jif{d'lgsf
afnaflnsf 5g\ ls eg]/ ;f]w]sL < cfh le6fldg ‘P’
v'jfpg] lbg xf] .
lzIf0f lgb]z{ gM
3/df cfpg] cfgf] kl/jf/eGbf aflx/sf dflg;nfO{ kfx'gf elgG5 . pxf“x¿;“u lzi6 / gd| eP/
af]Ng'k5{ . cfkm"eGbf 7"nf kfx'gfnfO{ lrg]sf] eP gftfcg';f/ / glrg]sf] eP pd]/cg';f/sf] gftf
nufP/ af]Ng'k5{ . glrg]sf kfx'gfx¿ cfgf] 3/df cfP eg] ;/f;/ leq n}hfg'xb“' g} . cfgf
cleefjsx¿;“u e]6fpg'k5{ . pgLx¿sf] gfd / 3/df cfpg'sf] sf/0f ;f]Wg'k5{ . pgLx¿nfO{
a'afcfdf;“u g;f]wLsg cfgf] 3/sf] ;fdfg lbg'xb“' g} . pgLx¿n] lbPsf] vfg]s/' f hlt;'s} dL7f]
eP klg cf˚"eGbf 7"nf]nfO{ g;f]wLsg vfg'xb“' g} eGg] s'/f afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ l;sfpg'xf];\ .
10 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
 bLks M P ⁄ gd:t] :jod\;]ljsf lbbL . a:b} ug'{xf];\ x} . d]/f]
3/df t le6fldg ‘P’ v'jfpg'kg]{ sf]xL 5}gg\ . kNnf
3/sL dfOnL sfsLsf] 5f]/L ;fg} l5g\ . ltgnfO{ le6fldg
‘P’ v'jfpg'k5{ . P ⁄ dfOnL sfsL ⁄ aflx/ x]g'{xf];\ t
:jod\;]ljsf lbbL cfpg'ePsf] 5 .
lj|mofsnfk

!= kf7df lbOPsf] ;+jfbnfO{ ;fyLx¿ ldnL clego;lxt k9]/ ;'gfpm .

@= cfgf] 3/df cfPsf kfx'gf;“u s;/L af]Ng'k5{ < lzIfssf] ;xof]u
lnP/ cEof; u/ . cfgf] 3/df klg ;w}“ To;} u/L af]Ng] u/ .
#= olb ltd|f] 3/df glrg]sf kfx'gf cfPdf s] u5f{} < sIffdf 5nkmn
u/L n]v .
$= vfnL 7fp“ e/ M
-s_ P ⁄ lbbL cfpg'eP5 . lbbL ================= . -bz{g÷gd:sf/÷9f]u_
-v_ sfsf tkfO{“ Ps If0f oxf“ ======================== x} .
-a:g'xf];\ ÷ pleg'xf];\ ÷ hfg'xf];\_
-u_ tkfO{“nfO{ d}n] lrg]sf] 5}g bfO . To;}n] =======================
a:b} ug'{xf];\ . -aflx/ ÷ leq ÷ sf]7fdf_
%= cfgf kl/jf/ / 5/l5d]sdf cfk"meGbf 7"nf tLg hgfnfO{ tnsf] k|Zg
;f]w / pxf“x¿n] lbg'ePsf] hjfkm n]v M
æ3/df kfx'gf cfp“bf s] ug'{k5{ <Æ
pSt hjfkmx¿nfO{ Ps} 7fp“df ldnfP/ n]v / sIffdf ;'gfpm . h:t} M
d}n] bfO, sfsf / a'afnfO{ ækfx'gf cfp“bf s] ug'{k5{ <Æ egL ;f]w]“ .
pxf“x¿n] eGg'eof] –æ3/df kfx'gf cfp“bf gd:sf/ ug'k{ 5{ . ==========Æ

kfx'gf;“u c;n Jojxf/ ug'{k5{ .

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 11
 kf7 – @ d]/f] ufp“sf] efiff / j]ze"iff
cfh cf/tL / pgsf ;fyLx¿n] kqklqsfsf] lrq hDdf kfg]{ v]n
v]n] . ToxL j]nf lzIfs klg cfOk'Ug'eof] . pxf“n] s'df/Lsf] lrq
;dfp“b} eGg'eof], æOGb|hfqfdf s'df/Ln] o:tf] n'uf nufp“l5g\ .Æ
To;kl5 cf/tLn] elgg\, æ;/, d}n] klg OxLsf] j]nfdf o:t} n'uf
nufPsL lyP“ .Æ

/fO{ g]jf/ z]kf{ lwdfn

lzIfsn] eGg'eof], æxf], cf/tL g]jf/ x'g\ / g]jf/ efiff af]lN5g\ .

g]jf/x¿n] kj{cg';f/ ljleGg k|sf/sf n'uf nufp“5g\ . xfd|f
ufp“3/df ljleGg hfthfltsf 5'66\ f5'66\ } efiff / n'ufsk8f x'G5g\ .
Pp6} hfltsf] klg kj{, k"hf / hfqfcg';f/ km/skm/s j]ze"iff
x'G5g\ . ca ltdLx¿n] ;ª\sng u/]sf oL lrq / kmf]6f Pp6}
klqsfdf 6f“;/] sIffdf em'G8\ofpg'k5{ x} .Æ
lzIf0f lgb]{zg M
ljleGg j]ze"iffsf af/]df hfgsf/L lbg ljleGg k|sf/sf k|ltof]lutf ug{ ;lsG5 . x/]s
hfthfltsf afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ cf–cfgf k/Dk/fut j]ze"iff nufpg k|l] /t ug'x{ f];\ .
12 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
 zAbfy{
OxL M g]jf/ ;d'bfosf s]6Lx¿nfO{ /h:jnf x'gc' l3 a]n;“u ul/g] j}jflxs
;+:sf/
j]ze"iffM cfgf] /Lltl/jfh / rngcg';f/ nufOg] n'uf sk8f / uxgfx¿
lj|mofsnfk
!= kf7df h:t} cfgf] ljBfno jf 3/df ePsf k'/fgf klqsf jf lstfaaf6
ljleGg ;d'bfon] nufpg] n'uf / u/uxgf emNsg] lrqx¿ ;ª\sng
u/ / sIffdf k|bz{g u/ .
@= ltd|f] ufp“3/sf dflg;x¿n] s'gs'g kj{df s]s] nufp“5g\, cfgf
cleefjs;“u ;f]w]/ n]v . h:t} M
kj{ j]ze"iff
ufO{hfqf d's'G8f]
ljjfx -s]6Ln]_ ;f8L, rf]nf], 3'D6f]
r08L gfr -s]6f÷s]6Ln]_ bf}/f, ;'?jfn, 6f]kL÷;f8L, rf]nf], k6'sf
#= ltd|f] ;d'bfosf dflg;n] s'gs'g efiff af]N5g\ < n]v .
$= tnsf j]ze"iffx¿ s'gs'g hfltsf x'g\ < hf]8f ldnfpm M

bf]rf lwdfn

xf/L
z]kf{

af]gf /fO{

xfd|f ufp“3/df ljleGg efiff af]Ng] / n'uf tyf u/uxgf

nufpg] dflg; ldn]/ a:5g\ .
d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 13
 kf7 – # d]/f] ufp“3/df dgfOg] rf8kj{
u'?n] cfhsf] kf7 ;'? ub}{ sIff tLgsf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ eGg'eof],
æcf–cfgf ufp“3/df dgfOg] rf8kj{sf af/]df hfg]sf s'/f n]v .Æ
d]/f] ufp“df ‘xf]nL’ w'dwfd;“u dgfOG5 .
kmfu'kl" 0f{dfsf] ef]lnkN6 6f]nel/sf dflg;
hDdf eP/ ljleGg /ªx¿ bn]/ xf]nL
v]N5g\ . gfrufg ub}{ dL7f] vfP/ of] kj{
dgfOG5 . – hfgsL rf}w/L
d]/f] 3/df Ob dgfOG5 . o; kj{d{ f Ps
dlxgf;Dd j|t a:g] ul/G5 . of] kj{ gof“
jif{sf] ¿kdf dflgG5 . /dfhfgsf] clGtd
lbgnfO{ Ob' n l˚q elgG5 . o; lbg
ul/ax¿nfO{ bfg klg lbg] rng 5 .
– cgL; cG;f/L

d] / f] 6f] n df j} z fv k" l 0f{ d fsf] lbg

a'4hoGtL kj{ dgfOG5 . of] kj{ a'4sf]
k|fy{gf u/]/ w'dwfd;“u dgfOG5 .
– 5]jfª nfdf

o;/L xfdLn] cfgf] ufp“3/df dgfpg] rf8kj{sf af/]df n]Vof}“ .

lzIf0f lgb]{zg M
afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ leQ]kfqf]df ljleGg kj{x¿ x]g]{ cEof; u/fpg'xf];\ . Pp6f hfltn] dgfpg]
kj{df c¿ hfltnfO{ klg ;xefuL u/fpg afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug'{xf];\ .
14 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
 lj|mofsnfk

!= /fdnfnn] cfgf] ;d'bfodf dgfpg] rf8kj{sf] tflnsf o;/L agfP M

rf8kj{ dgfpg] tl/sf
ufO{hfqf dfG5] d/]sf] 3/af6 dflg;nfO{ ufO{sf] d's'G8f] nufP/
jf ufO{nfO{ l;“uf/L 8'nfP/ .
b;}“ b'uf{ k"hf u/]/, 6Lsf nufP/ .
ltxf/ b]p;Le}nf] v]n]/, sfu, s's'/, uf]?, ufO{ / bfh'efOsf]
k"hf u/]/ .
>Lk~rdL ;/:jtLsf] k"hf, v]tLsf] ;'?jft, cIf/ n]Vg / k9\g ;'?
u/]/ / snsf/vfgfsf] k"hf u/]/ .
ltdL klg /fdnfnn] h:t} ltd|f] ;d'bfodf dgfOg] rf8kj{x¿ / dgfpg]
tl/sfsf] tflnsf agfpm .
@= leQ] kfqf] x]//] s'g} Ps dlxgfdf dgfOg] rf8kj{sf] gfd / dgfOg] lbg
n]v M
rf8kj{sf] gfd dgfOg] lbg

#= s'g rf8kj{ s'g dlxgfdf k5{, kfqf] x]/L kQf nufpm M

b;}“ Ob Nxf];f/
ltxf/ lj|m:d; uf}/f kj{
57 a'4k"l0f{df pwf}nL -;fs]jf_

cf–cfgf rf8kj{x¿ ldn]/ dgfcf}“ .

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 15
 kf7 – $ d]/f] ufp“sf] c;n dflg;
e"if0fnfO{ ;fdflhs cWoogsf] u[xsfo{ ug'{ lyof] . pgn] a'afnfO{
;f]w,] æa'af, xfd|f] ufp“el/df c¿nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ dflg; sf]sf] 5g\ <Æ
pgsf] a'afn] eGg'eof], æTo:tf dflg; t w]/} 5g\ . tLdWo] kNnf
ufp“sL yddfof sfsL c;fWo} c;n x'gx' G' 5 . pxf“ ;a}nfO{ dbt
ub}{ lx“8\g'x'G5 . ufp“3/df wf/f,
s' n f] , d7dlGb/sf] dd{ t /
;/;kmfOdf pxf“ cu'jf eP/
sfd ug'{x'G5 . Æ
e"if0fn] eg], æa'af, pxf“ t c;n
x'g'x'b“ f] /x]5 . dnfO{ pxf“;“u
e]6fOlbg'xf];\ g .Æ a'afn] eGg'
eof], æeOxfN5 lg afa' , d
ltdLnfO{ pxf“;u“ e]6fOlbp“nf .
ef] l n laxfg} xfdL yddfof
sfsLsf] 3/df hfp““nf . s]s] ;f]Wg'k5{, ;f]wf“n} fÆ . e"if0fn]
k|ZgfjnL kmf/fd b]vfof] . pgn] agfPsf] k|Zgx¿ o:tf lyP .
e"if0fn] yddfof sfsLnfO{ ;f]Wg agfPsf k|Zgx¿
!= tkfO{“ s] sfd ug'{x'G5 <
@= tkfO{“n] ;a}sf] enfO x'g] s]s] sfd ug'{ePsf] 5 <
#= d klg tkfO{“h:t} x'g s] ug'{k5{ <

lzIf0f lgb]{zg M
afnaflnsfsf] ufp“6f]n, l5d]sdf c;n dflg;x¿ klxrfg ug{ nufO{ ;Ddfg ug{ l;sfpg'k5{ .
ufp“gu/sf To:tf dflg;x¿sf sfdaf6 k|]l/t eP/ /fd|f] sfd ug{ k|f]T;fxg ug'{k5{ .
16 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
 lj|mofsnfk

!= e"if0fsf] h:t} ltd|f] ;d'bfodf c;n dflg;x¿ sf]sf] 5g\ . ltd|f]

cleefjs;“u ;f]w / pxf“x¿n] ug'e{ Psf /fd|f sfdx¿sf] ;"rL agfpm .
h:t} M
c;n dflg;sf] gfd pxf“n] u/]sf sfd

@= dflysf] k|ZgfjnL cfgf] sfkLdf ;f/ / cfgf] ufp“sf c;n dflg;nfO{

;f]w . pgn] atfPsf s'/fx¿ cfgf] sfkLdf n]vL sIffdf ;'gfpm .
#= tn lbOPsf s'/fx¿dWo] c;n Jojxf/ s'gs'g x'g\, n]v M
-s_ af6f] dd{t ug]{
-v_ s'nf] eTsfpg]
-u_ wf/f, Ogf/ ;kmf ug]{
-3_ ;8sdf kmf]xf]/ kmfNg]
-ª_ ljjfxdf vfgf agfOlbg]

$= /dfn] cfgf] cleefjs;“u c¿sf] enfOsf nflu pxf“x¿n] ug'{ePsf

sfdx¿sf] ljj/0f o;/L n]lvg\ M
• af6f] vGg] • s'nf] agfpg] • rf}tf/f] agfpg]
• ufp“6f]n ;˚f ug]{ • ljBfno agfpg] • dlGb/ agfpg]
ltdL klg /dfn] h:t} cfgf] cleefjs;“u ;f]wL pxf“n] c¿sf] enfOsf
nflu ug'{ePsf sfdsf] ljj/0f n]v .
d ufp“sf c;n dflg; vf]hL u/L ;Ddfg u5'{ .
d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 17
PsfO – tLg ;fdflhs ;d:of / ;dfwfg
kf7 – ! ckfª\u\ x¿nfO{ ;xof]u
d j;GtL x'“ . d b'j} cf“vf b]lVbg“ .
d]/f] xftsf] ;]tf] 58L b]v]/ xf]nf
5/l5d] s sf ;a} n ] dnfO{ dbt
u5{g\ . tkfO{“ klg PsIf0f cf“vf lrDd
ug'x{ f];\ t, slt sl7g x'G5 . dnfO{
slt ;d:of k/]sf] xf]nf . To;}n] dnfO{
tkfO{x“ ¿sf] ;xof]usf] vf“rf] 5 . dh:t}
;]tf] 58L lnP/ lx“8g\ ] b[li6ljxLgx¿nfO{
b]Vg'eof] eg] ;xof]u ug'x{ f];\ x} ⁄

d uf]kfn x'“ . dnfO{ dfgl;s /f]u nfu]sf] 5 . d klg ltdLx¿h:t}

dflg; x'“ . d]/f klg ltdLx¿h:t} s]6fs]6Lx¿ 5g\ . olb ltd|f]
kl/jf/sf sf]xL dh:t} u/L lx“8o\ f] / To:tf] j]nfdf c¿n] luHofof],
lxsf{of], x]nf“ u¥of] eg] ltdLnfO{ s:tf] nfU5 < d cf}ifwL vfO/x]sf]
5' . lgsf] ePkl5 ltdLx¿h:t} x'G5' . dnfO{ klg ef]s nfU5, hf8f]
x'G5 . d}n] xf];\ u'dfPsf] j]nfdf /f]P,“ s/fP“ / hyfefjL n'uf nufP“
eg] dnfO{ /fd|f] Jojxf/ u/ . dh:t} c¿ dfgl;s /f]uL, ;':t
dgl:ylt ePsf, af]Ng g;Sg] / sfg g;'Gg] dflg;nfO{ klg ;xof]u
u/ . pgLx¿nfO{ glh:sfpm x} ⁄
lzIf0f lgb]z
{ gM
7"nf sIffsf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ ljleGg k|sf/sf] ckfª\u jf czStsf] clego ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
pgLx¿sf sIffsf ljBfyL{x¿n] clego eO/x]5 eGg] s'/f yfxf kfpg'xb“' g} . cfgf] cufl8
ePsf jf ;d:ofdf k/]sf czSt jf ckfª\u ;fyLnfO{ pgLx¿n] s;/L ;xof]u ubf{ /x]5g\\
cjnf]sg u/L pgLx¿sf] Jojxf/cg';f/ cfjZos k[i7kf]if0f lbg'xf];\ .
18 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
 lj|mofsnfk

!= ltd|f] ;d'bfodf sf]xL cf“vf gb]Vg] dflg; 5g\ eg] pgnfO{ s]s] sfd ug{
;lhnf] / s]s] sfd ug{ sl7g x'G5 < ;f]w/] n]v .
;lhnf] sfd sl7g sfd
/]l8of] ;'Gg lx“88'n ug{

@= ltd|f] ;d'bfodf cf“vf gb]Vg] dflg; 5}gg\ eg] c¿ s'g} k|sf/sf ckfª\ux¿
x'g ;S5g\ . To:tf dflg;nfO{ ltdL s;/L ;xof]u u5f}{ <
#= ltdL v'nf 7fp“df hfpm / cf“vfdf k6\6L af“w/] lzIfssf] lgb]z { gcg';f/
s'g} v]n v]n . To;/L v]Nbf s]s] ;d:of x'b“ f] /x]5 sfkLdf n]v / sIffdf
;'gfpm .
$= dfgl;s ;Gt'ng 7Ls gePsf] dflg; e]l6of] eg] s] ug'k{ 5{ <
h:t} M -s_ cfkmGtnfO{ lhDdf nufOlbg]
-v_ =================
-u_ =================
%= ;':t dgl:ylt ePsfnfO{ s:tf] ;xof]u ug'k{ 5{ <
^= tnsf ;fdu|Lx¿ s:tf JolStnfO{ cfjZos k5{ < n]v .

dfgl;s Pjd\ zf/Ll/s ckfª\unfO{ ;xof]u ug'{ xfd|f] st{Jo xf] .

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 19
 kf7 – @ c;xfonfO{ dbt u/f}“
cfpm ;fyL cfpm
Pp6f uLt ufp“,
c;xfo b'MvLnfO{
dbt ug{ hfp“ .
xh'/a'af xh'/cfdf
lx“8g\ ;Sg'xG' g,
vfgf lbp“, xft ;dfp“
x]nf“ ug'x{ G' g .
6'x/' f 5g\ xfd|f ;fyL
5}gg\ afa'cfdf
vfg lbp“, nfpg lbp“
gnfp w]/} sfd .
la/fdL 5g\ sf]xL 3/df
k5{ xfd|} vf“rf]
kfgL b]pm, cf}iflw b]pm
eg :jf:Yo hf“rf}“ .
ckfª\u / c;xfo
x'g\ xfdLh:t}
dbt u/f}“ ;a} ldnL
cfkt k/] s:t} .

lzIf0f lgb]z
{ gM
ljBfyL{x¿n] cfgf] 6f]n, l5d]s, af6f]3f6f]df ckfª\u / c;xfonfO{ s:tf] Jojxf/ u5{g\
cjnf]sg ug'x{ f];\ . pgLx¿n] /fd|f] Jojxf/ u/]sf] b]vd] f :ofaf;L lbg'xf];\ / g/fd|f] Jojxf/ u/]
;Demfpg] / plrt k[i7kf]if0f lbg'xf];\ .
20 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
 zAbfy{
c;xfo M cfgf] sfd cfkm}“ ug{ g;Sg] / To:tf sfd ug{ c¿sf] ;xf/f
cfjZos kg]{ dflg;
lj|mofsnfk
!= kf7df lbOPsf] uLt lzIfs ;“u;“u} no xfn]/ ufpm .
@= xfdLn] s;s;nfO{ dbt ug'k{ 5{ <
#= ckfª\u x'gaf6 aRg] pkfox¿ tn lbOPsf] 5, To;nfO{ 7"nf7"nf cIf/df
n]v / sIffdf k|bz{g u/ M
• ;8sdf k]6Laf6 dfq lx“8f}“ .
• h]af| j|m; / cfsf;]kn' af6 dfq af6f] sf6f}“ .
• xtf/ u/L bf}8/] lx“8g\ ] afgL cfh}bl] v 5f8f}“ .
• le/klx/f]sf] glhs ghfcf},“ gv]nf}“ .
• hyfefjL ¿v gr9f}“ .
• hyfefjL cfuf] grnfcf}“ .
• la/fdL x'b“ f :jf:Yo rf}sL jf c:ktfndf h“rfcf}“ .
• ;f“3/' f] af6f]df la:tf/} leQflt/af6 lx8f“} .
• gbL, kf]v/L jl/kl/ gv]nf}“ .
$= tnsf jfSox¿ k9 / ug{ x'g,] ug{ gx'g] sfdx¿ tflnsfdf 5'66\ f5'66\ }
n]v M
• la/fdLnfO{ kfgL lbg]
• xh'/a'afnfO{ zf}rfno nlulbg]
• 6'x/' f s]6fs]6LnfO{ luHofpg]
• ckfª\unfO{ dfof ug]{
• gaf]Ng] dflg;nfO{ luHofpg] .
ug{ x'g] sfd ug{ gx'g] sfd
!= !
@= @=
#= #=
xfdL ckfª\u / c;xfox¿nfO{ ;xof]u u5f“{} .
d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 21
 kf7 – # 5'jf5'tsf] cGTo u/f}“
xl//fdsf ufp“df w]/} hftsf dflg;
a;f]af; u5{g\ . Toxf“ If]qL, afx'g,
kl/of/, nf]xf/, yf¿, d';x/, ofbj,
sfo:y cflb 5g\ . Toxf“ Ps hftsf
dflg;n] csf]{ hftsf dflg;n]
5f]Psf] vfg'x'“b}g eGg] rng
/x]sf] 5 .
Ps lbg ufp“df 7"nf] af9L cfof] .
af9Ln] k"/} ufp“ aufof] . ufp“df
5f]6n] fn d';x/sf] 3/ dfq af“sL /x]sf] lyof] .
df]tLk|;fbsf] 3/ v]t klg aufof] . pgL hftn] afx'g x'g\ . ufp“df
5f]6n] fn afx]s s;}sf] 3/ klg lyPg . To;}n] pgn] a:g] 7fp“ /
vfg]s/' f klg kfPgg\ . pgnfO{ ;fx|} ef]s / ltvf{ nfUof] . ef]s / ltvf{
vKg g;s]kl5 pgL 5f]6n] fnsf] 3/df uP . To; lbg 5f]6n] fnn]
agfPsf] vfg]s/' f dL7f] dfg]/ vfP . 5f]6n] fnsf] ;xof]uL, ldng;f/
afgL b]v/] pgL lgs} v';L eP . To;kl5 pgL eGg yfn], ædflg;
dflg;aLr 5'jf5't ug{ gx'g] /x]5 .
;a} dflg; Pp6} /x]5g\ .Æ
dgdfofsf] 6f]ndf klg w]/} hftsf
dflg; a:5g\ . pgLx¿sf]
rfnrng klg km/skm/s 5 t/
Toxf“ hfltut ¿kdf e]befj ug]{
rng 5}g . 6f]ndf s;}sf] 3/df
22 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
 ljjfx, kf:gL, j|taGw, k"hfcfhf eof] eg] 6f]nsf ;a}hftsf
dflg;nfO{ lgDtf] lbg] rng 5 . lgDtf] dfGg ;a}hgf cfp“5g\ .
;“u} a:5g\, ;“u} vfG5g\ / ;“u} /dfOnf] u5{g\ . slxn]sfxL“ s;}nfO{
cfktljkt k¥of] eg] klg Toxf“ ufx|f] x'b“ g} . 6f]ndf dlGb/ 5 .
dlGb/df klg ;“u} k"hf u5{g\ . k"hf/Ln] blntnfO{ klg 6Lsf nufO
lbG5g\ . 6f]ndf ePsf] ;fj{hlgs wf/fdf klg ;a}n] Ps}7fp“
nfOgdf a;]/ kfgL yfK5g\ . dgdfofsf] 6f]nnfO{ ;a}n] gd'gf
6f]nsf] ¿kdf x]5g{ \ . cGo ufp“ / 6f]nsf dflg;n] klg dgdfofsf]
6f]naf6 w]/} s'/f l;ls;s]sf 5g\ . To;}n] cfhef]ln w]/} ufp“6f]ndf
5'jf5'tsf] k/Dk/f x/fp“b} uPsf] 5 .

lj|mofsnfk

!= cufl8sf] lrqdf Pshgf dflg;n] lsg 5'66\ } a;]/ vfg vfPsf] xf]nf <
s] o:tf] ug'{ /fd|f] xf] <
@= s;}n] ltdLn] 5f]Psf] vfGg, dnfO{ g5f]pm, d]/f] 3/df klg gk; eg]df
ltdLnfO{ s:tf] nfU5 <
#= ltdL a;]sf] 7fp“df Pp6fn] 5f]Psf] csf{n] gvfg] rng 5, 5}g <
$= tn lbOPsf egfOx¿ Kn]sf8{df ;f/ .
æ5'jf5't aGb u/f}Æ“
æ;a} dflg; Ps} xf}Æ“
æxfdL ;a}sf] /ut /ftf] 5Æ
æ5'jf5't ug'{ ;fdflhs ck/fw xf]Æ
æ5'jf5'tsf] Jojxf/ ug]n{ fO{ ;fdflhs alx:sf/ u/f}Æ“
%= Kn]sf8{df n]lvPsf gf/f nufp“b} ;a} ldn]/ 6f]nsf] kl/j|mdf u/ .

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 23

 kf7 – $ cGwljZjf;sf] kl5 gnfuf}“

a'bgLnfO{ kvfnf nfu]sf] lyof] . pgsL lbbLn] wfdL af]nfP/ NofOg\ .

wfdLn] gf8L 5fd] / eg], æltdLnfO{ bf]af6f]sf] e"t nfu]5 . a]ns ' L
s'v/' fsf] km'n /fv]/ k"hf ug'k{ 5{ .Æ To;} a]ns
' L cfP/ pgn] emf/km's
klg ul/lbP t/ a'bgLnfO{ lgsf] ePg . a'bgLsL cfdfn] pgnfO{
:jf:Yo rf}sL nlug\ . :jf:Yo
rf}sLsf 8fS6/n] cf}ifwL lb“b}
eg], ‘‘tkfO“{ :jf:Yo rf}sL cfP/
7Ls ug'e{ of] .’’
of] ;+;f/df e"tk|t] 5}g . of]
;a} em"6f] s'/f xf] . /f]u t
sL6f0f'n] ubf{ nfU5 . 8fS6/n]
a' b gLsf] lb;fdf ePsf
sL6f0f'x¿ ;"Idbz{s oGqåf/f
b]vfOlbP . a'bgLn] klg sL6f0f'
x]l/g\ . cab]lv pgL e"tk|t] df ljZjf; ug{ 5fl8g\ . wfdLsf]
cGwljZjf;df k/]sf] eP a'bgLsf] Hofg hfg ;SYof] .
a'bgL lgsf] eP/ ljBfno hf“b} lyOg\ . af6f]df Pp6f dflg; ple/x]sf]
a'bgLn] b]lvg\ . pgn] ;f]lwg\ , æbfO lsg pleO/xg'ePsf] <Æ tL
dflg;n] eg], æx]/ gfgL clxn] ev{/} la/fnfn] af6f] sf6\of] . s';fOt
kl/xfNof] . hfp“ ls kms'{“ eg]/ ;f]r/] al;/x]sL a'bgLn] elgg\,
lzIf0f lgb]z
{ gM
afnaflnsfnfO{ ;fg}b]lv cGwljZjf;af6 6f9f /fVg'k5{ . To:tf cGwljZjf; klxrfg u/L
To;sf] kl5 gnfUg cEof; u/fpg'k5{ .
24 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
 æPp6f hLjn] af6f] lx“8b\ f csf]{ hLjnfO{ s';fOt kg]{ xf]Og . ;a}nfO{
cf–cfgf] af6f] lx“8g\ ] clwsf/ 5 . a? tkfO“{ oxL“ al;/xg' eof] eg]
l9nf] eP/ tkfO“s{ f] sfd lau|G5 . clg kf] s';fOt k5{ t . o:tf
cGwljZjf;sf] kl5 nfUg'xb“' g} bfO, cfpg'xf];\ .Æ

lj|mofsnfk

!= cGwljZjf; eg]sf] s] xf] <

@= cf–cfgf] ;d"xdf a;L cfgf] ufp“÷6f]ndf k|rlnt cGwljZjf;x¿sf
af/]df 5nkmn u/ / ltgsf] l6kf]6 klg u/ .
#= tnsf] cg'R5]bsf] vfnL 7fp“df lbOPsf zAbx¿ ldNg] u/L /fv]/
k"/f u/ .
ljgf]b ;f“emdf aflx/ lg:sg 8/fp“Yof] . aflx/ e"t cfp“5 eg]/ pm 8/fPsf]
lyof] . Pslbg pm vfgf vfP/ xft w'g aflx/ lg:s]sf] lyof] . cf“ug
glhs} p;n] s]xL ================ h:tf] b]Vof] . pm 8/fof] . e"te"t egL ?g
yfNof] . pgsL lbbL bf}8/] aflx/ cfOg\ . ljgf]bn] lbbLnfO{ ================
b]vfof] . ;'?df lbbL klg eml:sOg\ . e"tn] ================ xNnfO /x] h:tf]
nfUof] . t/ pgn] ljBfnodf e"t cGwljZjf; dfq xf] eg]/ k9]sL lyOg\ .
To;}n] pgn] ================ aflng\ / glhs} uP/ x]l/g\ . Toxf“ t km"nsf]
af]6 xfjfn] xlNnPsf] /x]5 . ljgf]b / pgsL lbbL b'j} ================
k/] . To; lbgb]lv ljgf]b cGwljZjf;sf] kl5nfUg 5f]8o\ f] .
xlNnP e"t xft aQL 5Ss

jf:tljs s'/f yfxf gkfO{ s'g} s'/fsf] ljZjf; ug'{

cGwljZjf; xf] .
d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 25
PsfO – rf/ gful/s r]tgf
kf7 – ! cfk;L ;xof]u

bLkf sIff tLgdf k9\l5g\ . pgsf] 3/af6 ljBfno k'Ug cfwf 306f
nfU5 . Ps lbg bLkf ljBfno uO/x]sL lyOg\ . af6f] ;f“3/' f] lyof] .
pgL af6f]df nl8g\ . Tolt j]nf c¿ dflg;x¿ klg pgsf] kl5kl5
cfO/x]sf /x]5g\ . pgLx¿n] bLkfnfO{ p7fP . s]xL ;do lx“8k] l5
bf]af6f] cfof] . bLkfsf] ljBfno hfg] af6f] / tL dflg;x¿ hfg] af6f]
km/s lyof] . bLkfn] elgg\, æd ;fgL 5' . dnfO{ ljBfno;Dd
k'¥ofOlbg'xf];\ g .Æ æx'G5 lg gfgL, xfdL ltdLnfO{ ljBfno;Dd
k' ¥ ofOlbp“ n f .Æ
To;kl5 pgLx¿n]
bLkfnfO{ ljBfno;Dd
k'¥ofOlbP . pgsf]
gd| t f / lzi6
af] n LrfnLn] ubf{
glrg] s f dflg;n]
;d]t bLkfnfO{ ;xof]u
u/] . bLkfn]
ltgLx¿nfO{ wGojfb
lbOg\ .

lzIf0f lgb]z
{ gM
ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ cfgf] 3/kl/jf/, ;fyL;ª\ult, ljBfno / cGo h'g;'s} 7fp“df cfjZos
;xof]u lng] / lbg] afgLsf] ljsf; u/fpg'k5{ . ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ ckl/lrt dflg;;“u klg
;xof]u lng / lbg] tl/sf l;sfpg'xf];\ .
26 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
 lj|mofsnfk

!= bLkfn] lsg ;xof]u kfOg\ <

@= bLkfsf] h:t} ;d:of ltdLnfO{ kbf{ s;/L ;xof]u lnG5f} < n]v .
#= ltdLn] ;fdflhs cWoog k9fpg] lzIfsnfO{ zlgjf/ Ps lbg cfgf]
3/glhs} 8'Nb} cfpg'ePsf] b]Vof} < tn lbOPsf sfdx¿dWo] ltdL s]s]
u5f},{ ldnfP/ n]v M
-s_ u'?sf] cufl8 hfg]
-v_ 3/leq n'Sg]
-u_ gd:sf/ ug{]
-3_ 3/ cfpg'xf];\ eg]/ af]nfpg]
-ª_ nfh dfg]/ efUg] .
$= s'g} ckl/lrt JolSt;“u lrghfg ug'k{ ¥of] eg] ltdL s;/L u5f},{ clego
u/]/ b]vfpm .
%= glrg]sf] dflg;;“u klxnf]k6s e]6b\ f af]Ng'kg]{ s'/fx¿ n]v M
h:t} M oxf“sf] z'egfd ========================================================
==========================================================================
=========================================================================
=========================================================================
wGojfb .

glrg]sf JolSt;“u cfjZos k/] ;xof]u lng' / lbg'k5{ .

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 27
 kf7 – @ c;n Jojxf/

;'dg sIff tLgdf k9\5g\ . pgsf] 3/ gjnk/f;L lhNnfsf] ljhorf]s

ufp“df k5{ . pgL ;fg}bl] v ldlxg]tL 5g\ . pgL cfgf efOalxgLnfO{
cfkm";u“ ljBfno n}hfG5g\ . To;}u/L jl/kl/sf cfkm"eGbf ;fgf
;fyLx¿nfO{ klg ljBfno ;“u} n}hfG5g\ .
pgL cfkm"eGbf 7"nfnfO{ cfb/ u5{g\ . cfkm"n] glrg]sf dflg;nfO{
klg pgLx¿sf] pd]/cg';f/ xh'/a'af, xh'/cfdf, sfsf, sfsL, bfh',
lbbL eg]/ ;Daf]wg u/L af]nfp“5g\ . c;n afgLa]xf]/fn] ubf{ jl/kl/sf
;a}n] pgsf] k|z;+ f u5{g\ .
Pslbg ;'dg ljBfno hf“b}
lyP . To;}jn] f s]xL dflg;nfO{
;'dgn] af6fdf e]6] . tL
dflg;nfO{ pgn] lrg]sf
lyPgg\ . pgLx¿ ;'dgsf]
ljBfno x]g{ cfPsf lyP .
pgLx¿nfO{ pgsf] ljBfno
hfg] af6f] yfxf lyPg . pgLx¿n] ;'dgnfO{ ;f]w,] æafa', /fli6«o
k|fylds ljBfno hfg] af6f] stf xf] <Æ ;'dgn] eg], æd ToxL
ljBfnodf k9\5' . lx“8g\ x' f];\ g, d tkfO+x{“ ¿nfO{ ljBfno;Dd
k'¥ofOlbG5' .Æ To;kl5 pgLx¿ ;'dg;“u uP . ;'dgn] u/]sf] ;xof]uaf6
pgLx¿ v';L eP . ;a}n] of] t c;n s]6f] /x]5 egL k|z;+ f u/] .
lzIf0f lgb]z
{ gM
ljBfyL{sf] c;n Jojxf/sf] cjnf]sg u/L ;'wf/sf nflu k[i7kf]if0f lbg'xf];\ . lzIfs / cleefjsn]
hlxn] / hxf“;s' } ljBfyL{x¿sf] Jojxf/ cjnf]sg ul//xg'k5{ / cfjZos k[i7kf]if0f lbg'k5{ .
28 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
 lj|mofsnfk
!= ;'dg cfkm"n] glrg]sf dflg;nfO{ s] eg]/ af]nfp“5g\ <
@= lsg ;'dgnfO{ ;a}n] c;n s]6f] eG5g\ <
#= ;'dgn] cfkm"n] glrg]sf dflg;nfO{ s;/L ;xof]u u/] <
$= ljBfno hf“bf ltd|f] ;fdfg x/fof] eg] s;/L c¿;“u ;xof]u lnG5f} <
n]v .
%= Ps lbg e"if0f / pgsf a'af ahf/ 8'Ng uPsf lyP . ahf/df dflg;sf]
eL8 lyof] . Tof] eL8df cNdlnP/ pgL a'afaf6 5'6l\ 6P . e"if0fnfO{ 3/
hfg] af6f] yfxf lyPg . ahf/df pgn] c¿nfO{ lrg]sf klg lyPgg\ . ca
pgL s;/L 3/ cfOk'Ug ;Snfg\ < ;fyLx¿;“u 5nkmn u/L n]v . olb
ltdL eP s] uYof}{ <
^= tnsf] h:t} tflnsf agfpm / ltdLn] Ps xKtf;Dd u/]sf c;n sfdx¿
n]vL lzIfsnfO{ b]vfpm . kfn}kfnf] sIffdf klg ;'gfpm .
ldlt cfk"mn] u/]sf] c;n sfd
@)^@ df3 !& ut] ;f]djf/ ;fyLnfO{ sIff sfo{ ug{ l;;fsnd
lbP/

xfdL ;a};u“ c;n Jojxf/ u5f}“{ .

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 29
 kf7 – # xfd|f] k|fs[lts ;Dkbf
pld{nfsf] 3/ dfbgs'8“ f/Ldf
k5{ . of] sfe|] knf~rf]s
lhNnfsf] blIf0fk"j{ If]qdf
cjl:yt 5 . pgsf]
lhNnfdf jghª\ u n,
gbLgfnf cflb 5g\ .
lhNnfdf /x]sf jghª\un
;+/If0fsf nflu ;fd'bflos
jg pkef]Stf ;ldltx¿
5g\ . pgsf] ufp“df klg jg pkef]Stf ;ldlt 5 . Tof] jg pkef]Stf
;ldltn] cfgf] Ô]qsf] jg hf]ufPsf] 5 . o;n] ubf{ To; jgdf
;–;fgf la?jfx¿ x'ls{P/ 7"nf7"nf ePsf 5g\ . tL la?jfx¿ x'sk{] l5
klx/f] hfg klg 5f8]sf] 5 . clxn] Toxf“ do"/, h'/n] L, 9's/' , ;f/f},“
nfdk'R5]« h:tf r/fr'?ª\uLx¿ / d[u, lrt'jf, af3, nf]vs],{ v/fof]
cflb hgfj/x¿ b]lvg yfn]sf 5g\ .
jgsf] xl/ofnL b]v/] pld{nfsf ufp“af;Lx¿ v';L ePsf 5g\ . ;a}
ufp“nx] ¿ ldn]/ j]nfj]nfdf :ofpnf / 3f“; sf6\g] Joj:yf ldnfPsf
5g\ . af“emf] hUufdf ;'Gtnf, w"kL, sfe|f,] sf]O/fnf], s'6ld/f], b'lwnf] /
Olknsf la?jfx¿ /f]ks ] f 5g\ . tL la?jfx¿ /f]Kg] sfddf pld{nfn]
klg ;xof]u ul/g\ .
tn aUg] rf}/L vf]nfn] hldg s6fgL u/]/ x}/fg kf/]sf] lyof] . To;}n]
lzIf0f lgb]z
{ gM
ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ cfgf] jl/kl/sf k|fs[lts ;Dkbfx¿sf] ;+/Ô0f ug]{ sfo{df ;xefuL u/fpg'xf];\ .
kfgLsf] ;|ft] ;kmf /fVg], af]6la?jfx¿sf] d'gf gr'8g\ ,] kmf]xf]/ Knfl:6s hyfefjL gof“Sg]
afgLsf] ljsf; u/fpg'xf];\ . tflnsfdf lbOPsf] af]6la?jfsf] gfd kQf nufpg lbg'xf];\ /
;a}eGbf a9L ldnfpg]nfO{ k'/:s[t klg ug{ ;Sg'xG' 5 .
30 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
 pgLx¿n] gbLdf af“w af“w/] df6f] au]/ hfg glbg j[If/f]k0f klg u/] .
To;kl5 vf]nfn] hldg s6fg u/]sf] 5}g . ;a} ufp“ns ] f] k|of;n] ubf{
jghª\un hf]luPsf] 5 . o;af6 pgLx¿nfO{ w]/} kmfObf ePsf] 5 .
To;}n] xfdLn] klg pld{nfsf ufp“nn] ] h:t} jghª\un, vf]nfgfnf,
vlgh, df6f] cflbsf] ;+/If0f ug'k{ 5{ .
lj|mofsnfk

!= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] hjfkm b]pm M

-s_ ltd|f] glhs}sf] jghª\un hf]ufpg s]s] sfd ug'k{ nf{ <
-v_ pld{nfsf ufp“nx] ¿n] rf}/Lvf]nfn] hldg sfl6/x]sf] s;/L /f]s] <
-u_ ltd|f] lhNnfdf s'gs'g vlghx¿ kfOG5g\ < n]v .
-3_ lsg xfdLn] df6f]sf] ;+/If0f ug'k{ 5{ <
@= tnsf] tflnsf sfkLdf ;f/]/ ldNg] cIf/x¿ /]vfn] 3]/L af]6la?jfsf
gfd kQf nufpm M
s' 6 ld /f] /f] of] k ;L nf O
w' n zf d cf ; df g l; ;f}
kL b' lw nf] u' /f} ; Nnf] d nf}
k ; kf g /f“ x ;L n n gL
n sf r kf ; tL df ;f lb d
o / n h] O t] nL n b n
a / if l; k} o'“ n lr nf} g]
#= tn s]xL k|fs[lts ;Dkbfx¿ lbPsf 5g\, ltgsf] ;+/If0f s;/L ug'k{ nf{ <
k|fs[lts ;Dkbf s;/L ;+/If0f ug]{
-s_df6f]
-v_ hª\un
$= ltd|f] cfgf] ljBfno jf 7fp“ glhs ePsf kfgLsf ;|f]tx¿ sxf“sxf“
5g\ < ltgLx¿ s]s] sfdsf nflu k|of]u x'g] u/]sf 5g\, sIffdf ;fyL;“u
5nkmn u/ .
lhNnfdf ePsf k|fs[lts ;Dkbfx¿sf] ;+/If0f ug'k{ 5{ .
d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 31
 kf7 – $ ;fdflhs lgodsf] kfngf

8f]Ndf d'u' lhNnfdf al:5g\ . pgL sIff tLgdf k9\l5g\ . hf8f]sf]

5'6l\ 6df 8f]Ndf klg pgsf a'af;“u sf7df8f}“ 3'Dg uOg\ . a'afn]
pgnfO{ sf7df8f}s “ f ljleGg 7fp“x¿ 3'dfpg'eof] . pgsf a'afn]
pgnfO{ sf]6Z] j/, afg]Zj/, aa/dxn, dfOtL3/, l;+xb/af/, eb|sfnL
x'b“ } /Tgkfs{ k'¥ofpg'eof] . ;8sdf pgn] w]/} ;ª\st] x¿ b]lvg\ .
sf]6Z] j/ k'Ubf /ftf] aQL an]/ pgLx¿ r9]sf] df]6/ /f]lsof] . Toxf“
pgn] h]af| j|ml;ª klg b]lvg\ . clg pgn] a'afnfO{ ;f]lwg\, æa'af, lsg
oxf“af6 dflg;x¿ lx“8s ] f xf]nfg\ <Æ a'afn] eGg'eof], æ;'g 5f]/L,
oL cUnf vDafdf /ftf] aQL an]sf] j]nfdf rfnsn] df]6/x¿
/f]Sg'k5{ . kx]n“ f] aQL aNbf
;ts{ x'gk' 5{ / xl/of] aQL
aNbf dfq df]6/ u'8fpg'k5{ .
af6f] kf/ ubf{ h]af| j|ml;ªaf6
dfq af6f] sf6\ g ' k 5{ .
h]af| j|ml;ª;“u} a6'jfnfO{ af6f]
sf6\g csf]{ aQL /flvPsf]
x'G5 . tL aQLdf dflg;sf]
;ª\st] lbOPsf] x'G5 . Toxf“ xl/of] /ªsf] aQL aNbf dfq
af6f] sf6\g'k5{ . /ftf] aQL aNbf af6f] sf6\gx' b“' g} .Æ
csf]{ lbg pgLx¿ :joDe" uP . Toxf“ bz{g ug]x{ ¿sf] nfOg lyof] .
8f]Ndf / pgsf a'af klg nfOgdf a;] . b'O{ 306fkl5 pgLx¿sf]
lzIf0f lgb]z
{ gM
ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ ;fg} pd]/b]lv ;fdflhs lgodsf] kfngf ug]{ afgL a;fNg'xf];\ . To;}u/L Kn]sf8{
agfpg nufO{ sIffsf]7f, au}r “ f, zf}rfno / rf}/df 6f“:g nufpg'xf];\ / ;f]cg';f/ kfngf ug{
nufpg'xf];\ .
32 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
 kfnf] cfof] . pgLx¿n] :joDe"sf] bz{g u/]/ kmls{P . :joDe"sf] bz{g
ug{ nfOgdf a;]sf] j]nfdf 8f]Ndfn] leQfdf Pp6f ;"rgf b]lvg\ .
To;df n]lvPsf] lyof], ænfOgdf a;f}“ / :joDe"sf] bz{g u/f}“ .Æ
zAbfy{ M
h]af| j|ml;ª M ;8sdf af6f] sf6\gsf nflu agfOPsf] ;]tf] /]vfsf] ;ª\st]
Kn]sf8{ M afSnf] sfuhdf k|bz{g ug]{ n]lvPsf] ;Gb]z d"ns ;"rgf
kDKn]6 M 3/, leQf jf ;fj{hlgs :ygx¿df 6f“:g agfOPsf] ;"rgf jf ;Gb]z
lj|mofsnfk
!= tn lbPsf 6«flkms ;ª\st] x¿ sfkLdf ;f/ / kfngf u/ M

xl/of] aQL vt/f af6f] sf6\ g ] /ftf] aQL a; la;f}gL lx“8\g gx'g]
af6f] sf6\g] 7fp“ /f]lsg] 7fp“
@= æhyfefjL lb;flk;fa gu/f}Æ“ , ækfgL pdfn]/ dfq lkcf}Æ“ , æ;fj{hlgs
;DklQsf] ;+/If0f u/f}Æ“ , ædf6f] hf]ufpg j[If/f]k0f u/f}“ Æ h:tf gf/fx¿
/fvL kDKn]6sf] gd'gf agfpm / sIffdf k|:t't u/ . h:t} M
kfgL pdfn]/ dfq lkcf}“ .
#= ltd|f] ufp“df k“w/] f], d]nfkj{df hf“bf s]s:tf lgodx¿ kfngf ug'k{ 5{ <
tnsf] h:t} u/L n]v M
-s_ k“w/] f] – kfnf] kv{g]
-v_ dlGb/ – ====================
-u_ d]nfkj{ – ====================
$= ljBfnodf ljBfyL{x¿n] kfngf ug'k{ g]{ lgodx¿sf] Kn]sf8{ agfpm . tL
Kn]sf8{nfO{ sIffsf]7f, zf}rfno / au}r “ fdf nu]/ /fv / ;f]cg';f/
kfngf u/ .
;fdflhs lgodx¿sf] kfngf u/f}“ .
d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 33
 kf7 – % d]/f] j8fsf] agf]6 / sfd

;fljqL / ;'hgsf] 3/ eStk'/ gu/kflnsf j8f g+= !& df kb{5 .

pgLx¿sf] j8fsf] k"jd{ f Otf5]“ / ;"ol{ jgfos kb{5 . blIf0fdf s6'~h]
uflj; / c/lgsf] /fhdfu{ 5 . klZrddf xg'dGt] vf]nf / pQ/df
b'jfsf]6 uflj; kb{5 .
pgLx¿sf] 3/;“u} kjg, ;dL/, dfOnf / ;'GtnLsf] 3/ 5 .
pgLx¿sf] j8fdf b"wkf6L, r'gb]jL, ;Nnf3f/L, l;h{gfgu/ cflb
a:tLx¿ 5g\ . pgLx¿sf] j8fdf xg'dGt] vf]nf, l;4kf]v/L, eStk'/
a;kfs{, v]nd}bfg cflb /x]sf 5g\ .
;fljqL / ;'hgsf] j8fdf vfg]kfgL, 9n lgsf;,
ljB't,\ ;8s / 6]ln˚f]gsf] /fd|f] ;'ljwf 5 .
pgLx¿sf] j8fdf eStk'/ c:ktfn k5{ .
oxf“ j8f ;ldltsf] sfof{no 5 . of] b"wkf6Ldf
/x]sf] 5 . o;n] cfgf] j8fsf] ljsf;df
klg Wofg k'¥ofPsf] 5 . k'/fgf d7 dlGb/x¿sf]
hL0ff]{4f/ u/]/ snfsf}znsf] ;+/If0f ug]{ sfddf ;xof]u
k'¥ofPsf] 5 .
;fljqL / pgsf ;fyLx¿ To:tf sfo{df ;xefuL x'G5g\ . af6f3f6f,
k'nk'n;] f cflbsf] lgdf{0f u/L j8faf;LnfO{ cfjthfjtdf ;'ljwf
k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . j8fsf] ljsf;sf nflu hgtfx¿n] :yfgLo hgk|ltlglw
lzIf0f lgb]z
{ gM
ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ cfgf] j8fsf] l;dfgfsf] gS;f agfpg / j8f ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿sf] gfdfjnL
;ª\sng ug{ nufpg'xf];\ . To:tf sfo{df ;xefuL x'g k|l] /t ug'x{ f];\ . cleefjssf] ;xof]u
klg lng nufpg'xf];\ .
34 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
 5fg]sf 5g\ . Pp6f j8f ;ldltdf Ps hgf j8f cWoIf, Ps hgf
dlxnf ;b:o / c¿ tLg hgf ;b:ox¿ x'G5g\ . o;/L kf“r hgfsf]
j8f ;ldlt aG5 .
zAbfy{
;+/Ô0f M hf]ufpg' tyf arfpg] sfd
hL0ff]4{ f/ M dd{t tyf k'glg{df{0f ug]{ sfd
lj|mofsnfk

!= ltdL slt g+= j8fdf a:5f} <

@= ltd|f] j8fsf] k"j,{ klZrd, pQ/ / blIf0fdf s'gs'g 7fp“x¿ 5g\ < cfgf]
j8fsf] gS;f agfpm / b]vfpm .
#= ltd|f] j8fdf s'gs'g ;'ljwfx¿ 5g\ <
$= j8f ;ldltn] s]s] sfd ug'k{ 5{, To;sf] ;"rL agfpm .
%= ltd|f] j8fsf] j8f cWoIf / ;b:ox¿sf] gfdfjnL cleefjs;“u ;f]w/]
tnsf] tflnsfdf e/ M
kb gfd
-s_ j8f cWoIf
-v_ dlxnf ;b:o
-u_ ;b:o
-3_ ;b:o
-ª_ ;b:o
^= cfgf] j8fsf] ljsf;df ltdLn] s]s] sfd ug'k{ 5{, ;fyLx¿;“u 5nkmn
u/]/ n]v .
d cfgf] j8fsf] l;dfgf, ;b:ox¿sf] gfd atfpg /
ljsf; sfo{df ;xefuL x'g ;S5' .
d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 35
PsfO – kf“r xfd|f] k[YjL
kf7 – ! d a;]sf] 7fp“
s'naxfb'/sf] 3/ gfDb' ufp“df 5 . of] ufp“ bf]nvf lhNnfdf k5{ .
bf]nvf Pp6f kxf8L lhNnf xf] . s'naxfb'/sf] ufp“ kxf8df ePsfn]
Toxf“ cUnf, xf]rf 8f“8fx¿ 5g\ . Toxf“ a];“ Lx¿ klg 5g\ . kfvfx¿
klg 5g\ . pgsf] ufp“df df]6/ af6f] klg 5 . pgsf] ufp“sf] k"jk{ 6\l6
kf“8v
' f]nf / klZrdk6\l6 tfdfsf];L k5{ . pgsf] ufp“df Pp6f
ljBfno 5 . ljBfnosf] 5]pdf :jf:Yorf}sL klg 5 . pgsf]
ufp“eGbf pQ/k6\l6 uf}/Lzª\s/ lxdfn 5 . lxdfn} lxdfn ePsf]
7fp“nfO{ lxdfnL k|bz
] elgG5 . lxdfnL k|bz ] df w]/} hf8f] x'G5 .
;fg'do} f sf7df8f}d“ f
al:5g\ . sf7df8f}“
g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf
7"nf] ;x/ xf] . of]
xfd|f] b]zsf] /fhwfgL
klg xf] . sf7df8f}“
Pp6f pkTosf xf] .
pkTosf eg] s f]
jl/kl/ 8f8f“n] 3]/s] f]
aLrdf ;Dd k/]sf] 7fp“ xf] .
lzIf0f lgb]z
{ gM
o; kf7df afnaflnsfnfO{ cfkm" a:g] gu/kflnsf jf ufp“ ljsf; ;ldltsf] w/ftnLo
:j¿ksf] ;fdfGo hfgsf/L lbg vf]lhPsf] 5 . To;}n] afnaflnsfnfO{ k9\g nufO{ pgLx¿
a;f]af; u/]sf] g=kf=÷uf=lj=;= sf] w/ftnLo :j¿kaf/] sIffdf pgLx¿af6} 5nkmn
u/fpg'xf];\ . tkfO{n“ ] klg w/ftnLo :j¿kaf/] yk hfgsf/L u/fO{ ;xof]u ul/lbg'xf];\ .
36 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
 ;Gtf]if wgu9Ldf a:5g\ . wgu9L ;'b"/klZ~rdsf]] 7"nf] ;x/ xf] .
of] t/fO{ k|bz
] df kb{5 . t/fO{ k|bz
] eg]sf] ;dy/ 7fp“ xf] . oxf“
;fOsn, l/S;f, df]6/ y'k}| rNb5g\ . oxf“ w]/h} ;f] udL{ x'G5 .

lj|mofsnfk

!= 7Ls pQ/ 5fg]/ vfnL 7fp“ e/ M

-s_ d a;]sf] 7fp“ ============ xf] . -gu/kflnsf÷ufp“ ljsf; ;ldlt_
-v_ d a;]sf] 7fp“ ============ k|bz] df k5{ . -lxdfnL, kxf8L, t/fO{_
-u_ d a;]sf] 7fp“df ========= x'G5 . -w]/} udL{, g hf8f] g udL{, w]/} hf8f]_
-3_ d ljBfno hf“bf ========= af6f] lx“85 \ ' . -psfnf], cf]/fnf], ;dy/_

@= cfgf cleefjs cyjf lzIfs;“u ;f]w/] n]v M

-s_ ltdL a;]sf] ufp“ ljsf; ;ldlt÷gu/kflnsfsf] gfd s] xf] <
-v_ ltdL a;]sf] 7fp“df s'gs'g oftfoft ;'ljwf 5 <
-u_ ltdL a;]sf] 7fp“ s'g c~rndf k5{ <

#= ltdL a;]sf] 7fp“df s]s] 5g\ ;"rL agfpm M

!= gbL @= ;8s
# $=
%= ^=
&= *=
(= !)=
$= cf˚" a;]sf] 7fp“sf] lrq agfpm M

d ufp“ ljsf; ;ldlt÷gu/kflnsfdf a:5' . d a;]sf] 7fp“

lxdfn÷kxf8÷t/fO{÷pkTosfdf k5{ .
d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 37
 kf7 – @ d]/f] ;]/f]km]/f]
of] ab|Lsf] ufp“ xf] . ab|L
bfr' { n f lhNnfsf]
uf]sn' Z] j/ eGg] ufp“df e/tk'/sf] t:jL/
a:5g\ . oxf“ w]/} udL{ / pknAw 5}g .
w]/} hf8f] x'b“ g} . udL{ ofddf
kfgL k5{ . oxf“sf dflg;
cfn', sf]bf], ds}, wfg / uf}/fkj{df ;xefuL dlxnfx¿
kmnkm"nsf v]tL u5{g\ .
sf]xL Jofkf/ u5{g\ . o;sf] jl/kl/ kxf8} kxf8 5g\ . oxf“ uLt
ufpg] / gfRg] k/Dk/f 5 . oxf“sf dflg; uf}/f kj{ ljz]if ¿kn]
dgfp“5g\ .
uLtf e/tk'/df al:5g\ . e/tk'/ lrtjg lhNnfdf k5{ . lrtjg
leqL dw];df kb{5 . of] ;dy/ hldgn] ag]sf] 5 . e/tk'/df klg
w]/h} ;f] udL{ x'G5 . lxp“bdf kxf8sf] t'ngfdf Gofgf] x'G5 . udL{
ofddf w]/} kfgL k5{, lxp“b ofddf sd kfgL k5{ .
e/tk'/ gu/kflnsfsf] k"jk{ 6\l6 hª\un 5 . of] hª\unnfO{ l6sf}nLsf]
hª\un eGb5g\ . klZrdk6\l6 gf/fo0fL gbL 5 . gf/fo0f3f6
ahf/ klg oxL“ kb{5 .
e/tk'/df oftfoftsf] /fd|f] ;'ljwf 5 . dlnnf] df6f] ePsfn] oxf“
lzIf0f lgb]z
{ gM
ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ cfgf]] uf=lj=;=÷g=kf=sf] ef}uf]lns / cfly{s cj:yfsf] cjnf]sg ug{ nufO{
To;sf] ;fdfGo j0f{g ug{ nufpg'xf];\ . pgLx¿nfO{ :ynut e|d0f u/fO{ To;sf] j0f{g ug{
nufpg'xf];\ .
38 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
 wfg, tf]/L w]/} kmN5 . of] gu/kflnsfdf ljleGg hfthfltsf dflg;
a:5g\ . oxf“ sf]xL Jofkf/ u5{g\ eg] sf]xL gf]s/L ub{5g\ . oxf“sf
w]/h} ;f] dflg; lxGb' / af}4 wd{ dfGb5g\ .

lj|mofsnfk
!= ab|L cyjf uLtfn] h:t} ltdL klg cfk"m a;]sf] 7fp“sf] j0f{g u/ .
d ========== ufp“÷gu/kflnsfdf a:5' . d]/f] ufp“÷gu/kflnsfsf]
k"jk{ 6\l6======== 5 . klZrd{k6\l6 =========== 5 . d a;]sf] ufp“÷gu/df
=========== ofddf kfgL k5{ . oxf“sf dflg; ========== k];f u5{g\ . oxf“
======== cGg kmN5 . oxf“ xfjfkfgLcg';f/ ========== n'uf nufOG5 .
@= cfgf] cleefjs tyf lzIfsnfO{ ;f]w/] n]v .
ltdL a;]sf] ufp“ ljsf; ;ldlt÷gu/kflnsf=======
• j8f g+= =============
• xfjfkfgL M udL{ ÷ hf8f] ÷l7Sssf]
• hfthflt =========
• wd{ =========
#= lrq lrg / gfd 5fg]/ n]v M
kxf8L k|bz]
t/fO{ k|bz
]
lxdfnL k|bz
]
leqL dw];
pkTosf

d d]/f] ufp“sf] kl/ro lbg ;S5' .

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 39
 kf7 – # d a;]sf] 7fp“sf] ¿k/]vf

Ps lbg af“s] lhNnfsf] /fli6«o k|fylds ljBfnosf ljBfyL{x¿

z}lIfs e|d0fdf uP . lzIfsn] pgLx¿ a;]sf] ufp“sf] e|d0f
u/fpg'eof] . lzIfs;“u pgLx¿n] /dfO{/dfO{ cfgf]] ufp“df ePsf
s'/fx¿ x]/] . Toxf“ pgLx¿n] :jf:Yo rf}sL b]v] . To:t} 7"nf] v]Ng]
rf}/ klg b]v] . s'gs} g' } af6fx¿ 7"nf / km/flsnf lyP . 3'Db} hf“bf
Toxf“ x'nfs3/ klg b]v] . x'nfs 3/sf] k"jk{ 6\l6 k|x/L rf}sL klg
lyof] . To;eGbf s]xLk/ dlGb/ klg /x]5 . dlGb/sf] pQ/k6\l6 hª\un
lyof] . pgLx¿n] Toxf“ c¿
klg w]/} s'/fx¿ b]v] . e|d0f
ul/;s]kl5 lzIfsn] ;a}
ljBfyL{nfO{ Ps 7fp“df
hDdf ug'e{ of] . To;kl5
lzIfsn] eGg'eof], æolb
xfdLn] xjfO{hxfhdf a;]/
tn xfd|f] ufp“ x]¥of}“ eg]
s:tf] b]lvG5 xf]nf <Æ
/dfn] elgg\, æ;fgf] b]lvG5 xf]nf ;/ .Æ
cjZo xf] . xfdLn] cUnf] 7fp“af6 s'g} s'/f x]bf{ ;fgf] b]lvG5 . xfd|f]
ufp“ klg cUnf] 7fp“af6 x]bf{ o:t} b]lvG5 .
lzIf0f lgb]z{ gM
afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ cfgf]] ufp“ jf gu/sf] e|d0f u/fO{ Toxf“sf d'Vod'Vo s'/fx¿ cjnf]sg
ug{ nufO{ gS;fdf ;dfj]z ug{ l;sfpg'xf];\ . ;fy} cUnf] 7fp“af6 xf]rf] 7fp“df s'g} j:t' x]bf{
s:tf] b]lvG5 . To;sf] cjnf]sg klg ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
40 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
 lj|mofsnfk

!= ltdL klg cfgf]] lzIfs;“u e|d0fdf hfpm / Toxf“ ePsf d'Vod'Vo

s'/fx¿ x]/ . cfkm"nfO{ yfxf gePsf s'/fx¿ lzIfsnfO{ ;f]w/] n]v .
ltd|f] ;d'bfodf ltdLn] e|d0f ubf{ b]vs
] f s'/fx¿ s]s] x'g\ < j|md};u“ n]v .
-s_ ============
-v_ ===========
-u_ ===========
-3_ ===========
-ª_ ==========
@= ltd|f] ufp“÷gu/sf] rf/}tkm{sf] l;dfgf n]v M
k"j{ =========== klZrd =========== pQ/ =========== blIf0f===========
#= ltd|f] sIffsf ;a} ;fyLx¿ ldn]/ cfkm"n] e|d0f u/]sf] 7fp“sf] gS;f
agfpg] cEof; u/ . gS;f agfpg cfgf]] lzIfs;“u ;xof]u dfu .
$= ltdL v'nf rf}/ jf 7fp“df hfpm . Toxf“af6 glhs / 6f9fsf 3/x¿ x]/ .
ltdLn] tL 3/x¿ sqf b]Vof}, n]v / sIffdf lzIfsnfO{ b]vfpm .
%= cfgf] 6f]n jf j8fsf] gS;f agfO{ Toxf“ /x]sf d'Vod'Vo s'/fx¿
e/ . h:t} M
ljBfno
;8

dlGb/
s

kf]v/L

vf]nf

d cfgf]] ufp“÷gu/sf] ;fdfGo gS;f sf]g{ ;S5' .

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 41
 kf7 – $ gS;fdf d a;]sf] 7fp“

d]/f] gfd ljj]s xf] . d lj/f6gu/ pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf a:5' . of]

;x/ df]/ª lhNnfdf k5{ . of] g]kfns} dxŒjk"0f{ ;x/ xf] . d j8f
g+= % df a:5' . cl:t dfq xfdL lzIfs;“u z}lIfs e|d0f uof}“ .
xfdLnfO{ pxf“n] xfd|f] gu/kflnsfsf] d'Vod'Vo 7fp“x¿ 3'dfpg'eof] .
Toxf“ tn gS;fdf lbOPsf 7fp“x¿ b]Vof“} M

p
;

@
;
;;


@@ 
;;
@@

;;
@@


w/fg /f]8


;;;;
@@@@

/ª\u]nL /f]8

;;;;
@@@@


rf]s
;;;;
@@@@

 ;ª\s]t
b"w sf/vfgf
ljdfg:yn
a;kfs{
hf]uagL /f]8

SofDk;
c:ktfn
;;;
@@@


@@@ /fi6« a}ª\s


;;;
@@@


;;;
dlGb/
6«fl˚s sfof{no
;;;
@@@



;;;
@@@
 /ª\uzfnf
;;;
@@@



lzIf0f lgb]z
{ gM
afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ ;d'bfosf] e|d0f u/fO{ Toxf“sf d'Vod'Vo s'/fx¿ cjnf]sg u/fO;s]kl5
gS;fdf ;ª\st] ;lxt eg{ l;sfpg'xf];\ .
42 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
 lj|mofsnfk

!= ltdL ufp“df a:5f} ls ;x/df a:5f} <

@= ltd|f] ufp“ cyjf ;x/df ePsf s'/f gS;fdf o;/L b]vfpg'k5{ .
• gbL÷vf]nf
• af6f]÷;8s
• tfn÷kf]v/L
• c:ktfn÷:jf:Yo rf}sL
• xjfO{ d}bfg
dfly lbOPsf ;ª\st] x¿ cfgf]] sfkLdf ;f/ / k|bz{g u/ .
#= ltdL klg ljj]sn] h:t} cfkm" a;]sf] ufp“ jf gu/sf] gS;f agfpm .
gS;fdf d'Vod'Vo s'/fx¿ ;ª\st] df e/ .
$= tn lbOPh:t} cfgf]] 3/ j/k/sf] gS;f agfpm .
u0f]z dlGb/

d]/f] 3/


;;;
@@@

;;;
@@@


;;
@@


c:ktfn ;;
@@

 l;g]df xn
rf]s

d cfkm" a;]sf] ufp“ jf gu/df /x]sf d'Vod'Vo s'/fx¿

gS;fdf e/]/ b]vfpg ;S5' .
d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 43
PsfO – 5 xfd|f] ljut
kf7 – ! d]/f] l5d]sL klxn] / clxn]
cfªl5l/ªsf dfdf t]l~hª klxn] g'jfsf]6
lhNnfsf] rf]sb] ufp“df a:y] . xfn pgL
lqz"nL ahf/df a:5g\ . klxn]sf t]l~hª
/ clxn]sf t]l~hªsf] cfgLafgLdf lgs}
km/s 5 . clxn] pgL cfgf] af/Ldf
kmn]sf cGgaf6 ag]sf vfg]s/' fx¿ vfg
5f8] . ahf/df kfOg] tof/L vfg]s/' fx¿
vfg yfn] . n'uf sk8f klg ljb]zLkf/fsf
Hofs]6, kfOG6 h:tf n'uf nufp“5g\ .
cfªl5l/ªnfO{ eg] pgsf] dfdfsf] o:tf] rng
k6Ss} dg k/]sf] 5}g . pgnfO{ cfg} vfnsf]
vfg]s/' f dgk5{ . cfg} vfnsf n'ufkmf6f
g} /fd|f nfU5g\ . pgsf dfdf klxn] cfn',
;'s6' L, l9“8f]h:tf vfg]s/' f dg k/fp“y] .
:jb]zL sk8faf6 ag]sf bf]rf,aSv',
kfª\b]g h:tf n'uf pgnfO{ /fd|f] nfUYof] .
cfªl5l/ª ;fg'dfofsL l5d]sL x'g\ .
pgLx¿sf] l5d]sdf clxn] w]/} k|sf/sf rf8kj{ dgfpg] ul/G5 .
cfªl5l/ªsf] kl/jf/df Nxf];f/ dgfp“5g\ . ;fg'dfofsf] kl/jf/n]
b;},“ ltxf/h:tf rf8kj{ dgfp“5g\ . pgLx¿sf] l5d]sdf xf]nL, 57, Ob
lzIf0f lgb]z
{ gM
cfgf cu|hn] u/]sf /fd|f lj|mofsnfksf] k|ToIf cg'el" tåf/f cfw'lgs /xg;xg;“u ;fd~h:otf
sfod u/fpg] vfnsf lj|mofsnfkx¿ cEof; u/fpg'k5{ .
44 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
 cflb rf8kj{ dgfpg] kl/jf/x¿ klg 5g\ . cfªl5l/ªsf] l5d]sdf
rf8kj{x¿ dgfp“bf ;a}hgf Pscfk;df ;xefuL x'G5g\ . pgLx¿
cfkmGt;“u ldn]/ a:5g\ .
zAbfy{
kfªb]g M z]kf{, tfdfª ;d'bfosf dlxnfn] nufpg] t];|f]{ ws]{ a'6\6f
ePsf] n'uf
bf]rf M 3“'8f;Dd cfpg] u/L lxdfnL If]qsf dflg;n] nufpg] afSnf]
 sk8f / 5fnfaf6 ag]sf] Ps lsl;dsf h'Qf
aSv' M lxdfnL If]qsf z]kf{ hfltn] nufpg] afSnf] n'uf
lj|mofsnfk

!= ;fg'dfof / cfªl5l/ªsf] l5d]sdf h:t} ltd|f] l5d]sdf s]s:tf rf8kj{x¿

dgfpg] ub{5g\ . kQf nufO{ tnsf] tflnsfdf e/ M
j|m=;+= rf8kj{sf] gfd rf8kj{ dgfpg] ;do

@= ltd|f] 3/df klxn] / clxn] nufpg] n'ufsk8f / vfg]s'/fdf s]s:tf]

km/s 5 . cfgf cleefjs;“u ;f]wL tnsf] tflnsfdf n]v M
ljj/0f klxn] clxn]
n'ufsk8f
vfg]s/' f
#= ltd|f] kl/jf/ / 5/l5d]sdf a"9fa"9L / o'jfo'jtLn] nufpg] n'uf cjnf]sg
u/ . tnsf] tflnsfdf pgLx¿n] nufpg] n'ufsf] gfd n]v, h:t} M
a"9fa"9Ln] nufpg] n'uf o'jfo'jtLn] nufpg] n'uf
bf}/f kfOG6

d]/f] l5d]ssf] /xg;xgdf cfPsf] kl/jt{g atfpg ;S5' .

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 45
 kf7 – @ d]/f] l5d]sLsf] k];f klxn] / clxn]
hfgsL sIff tLgdf k9\l5g\ . pgL
af/f lhNnfsf] a~hl/of ufp“df al:5g\ .
pgsf a'af / l5d]sL klxn] ljleGg
sfd uy]{ . v]tdf sfd ug],{ vf]nfdf
df5f dfg],{ ;'ss
] f ¿v sf6\g,] c¿sf]
au}r
“ fsf] /]vb]v ug],{ df6fsf ef“8f
agfpg]h:tf sfd ub{y] . o:tf
sfdaf6 x'g] sdfOn] pgLx¿sf] b}lgs
u'hf/f rnfpg / s]6fs]6L k9fpg w]/} ufx|f] x'GYof] .
hfgsLsf a'af / pgsf l5dsLx¿n] klxnfsf] eGbf km/s sfd ug{
yfn] . hfgsLsf a'af hª\undf ¿v sf6\g]
sfd 5f8]/ lah'nLsf] sfd u5{g\ . pgsf
l5d]sL df]xgn] ;fOsn agfpg] k] ; f
c“ u fn] s f 5g\ . To:t} /fhgf/fo0fn]
ls/fgf k;n vf]ns ] f 5g\ . /lhof klxn]
vf]nfdf df5f dfly{g\ . clxn] pgL kf]v/Ldf
df5f kflN5g\ . clxn] pgLx¿sf] w]/} cfDbfgL
x' g ] u/] s f] 5 . To;} n ] pgLx¿sf
5f]/f5f]/Lx¿ hfgsL, /d]z, ;f]xg / /ldtfn] ljBfno k9\g yfn]sf
5g\ . la/fdL x'b“ f l5d]sdf ;xof]u ug]{ ub{5g\ . 5/l5d]sdf b]lvPsf
lzIf0f lgb]z
{ gM
cfgf] kl/jf/ / l5d]sLn] ug]{ k/Dk/fut sfdx¿nfO{ kl/lrt u/fpg] / To:tf sfdx¿nfO{
;Ddfg / ;'wf/ ug{ k|l] /t ug]{ vfnsf lj|mofsnfkx¿ ;~rfng ug'x{ f];\ .
46 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
 ;d:ofx¿ ldlnh'nL ;dfwfg u5{g\ . xfn pgLx¿ ;a}hgf /dfOnf];u“
hLjg latfO/x]sf 5g\ .
lj|mofsnfk

!= ltd|f] / cfgf] ;fyLsf] a'afcfdfn] klxn] / clxn] ckgfPsf] k];f kQf

nufO{ tnsf] tflnsfdf e/ M
s;sf] klxn]sf] k];fsf] gfd clxn]sf] k];fsf] gfd
cfgf]
;fyLsf]

@= kf7sf] cfwf/df clxn]sf] k];faf6 s]s] kmfObfx¿ eP tn n]v M

-s_
-v_
-u_
-3_
#= tn lbOPsf k|Zgx¿ sfkLdf ;f/ / glhssf l5d]sL;“u ;f]w/] pQ/
n]v . ltdLn] n]vs ] f] pQ/ sIffdf klg ;'gfpm M
-s_ tkfO{“ klxn] s] sfd ug'x{ G' Yof] <
-v_ tkfO{“ clxn] s] sfd ug'x{ G' 5 <
-u_ tkfO{n“ fO{ klxn] / clxn]sf dWo] s'g sfd /fd|f] nfU5 <
$= dfly lbOPsf] k|Zgaf6 k|fKt pQ/nfO{ ldnfP/ n]v .
d]/f] l5d]sL ====================================n] klxn] =========================
================================= sfd ug'x{ G' Yof] . clxn] ========================
=======================sfd ug'x{ G' 5 . pxf“nfO{ ==================================
================sfd /fd|f] nfU5 . ========================================= .
xfdL cfgf] kl/jf/ / l5d]sLx¿sf k];fnfO{ ;Ddfg u5f}“{ .
cfgf] OR5fcg';f/ ;Sbf] ;xof]u u5f}{“ .
d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 47
 kf7 – # xfd|f jL/ jL/ª\ugf
aneb| s'j“ /, cd/l;+x yfkf / elSt yfkf
g]kfnsf jL/ ;k"tx¿ x'g\ . pgLx¿n]
g]kfn / g]kfnLsf] /Iff ug{ cª\uh]| ;“usf]
o'4df cfgf] Hofgsf] afhL;d]t yfk] .
pgLx¿n] To; j]nfsf] cª\uh]| ;]gf;“u
7"nf] jL/tfsf ;fy n8] . g]kfn / g]kfnLsf]
OHht /fv] . aneb| s'j“ /n] gfnfkfgLsf] cd/l;+x yfkf
n8fO“df cfgf] jL/tf b]vfP . To; n8fO“d{ f
dlxnf / s]6fs]6Lx¿n] klg axfb'/L ;fy n8]sf lyP . cd/l;+x
yfkfn] g]kfnsf] klZrddf /x]sf lsNnfx¿sf] /Iff u/] . elSt
yfkfn] dnfp lsNnf arfpg &) jif{sf] pd]/df ;d]t cª\u|]h;“u
86]/ n8] . pgLx¿ cª\uh]| sf]
nf] e nfnrdf k/] g g\ .
pgLx¿n] cfgf] b]zk|lt dfof,
ddtf ePsfn] jL/tf b]vfP .
pgLx¿nfO{ g]kfnsf jL/
;k"t elgG5 .
/fh]Gb|nIdL g]kfnsL jL/ª\ugf
x'g\ . k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxn]
gfnfkfgLsf] o'¢ 6'lj|mP/ /x]sf] g]kfnnfO{ Pp6}
agfpg ;'? u/] . of] sfdnfO{
;kmn kfg{ /fh]Gb|nIdLn] w]/} 7"nf] of]ubfg lbOg\ . pgn] g]kfndf
cf7 jif{ zf;g ul/g\\ . pgn] w]/} ;fgf;fgf /fHox¿nfO{ g]kfndf
lzIf0f lgb]z { gM
xfd|f] /fi6«sf] :jfledfg /Iffsf nflu alnbfg / of]ubfg lbg ] xfd|f k'vf{x¿sf] sfo{af6 afnaflnsfx¿nfO{
k|l] /t ug]{ syf, uLt, ;+jfb, clego cflbsf] dfWodaf6 lj|mofsnfk ;~rfng ug'x{ f];\ .
48 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
 ldnfOg\ . gf/LdWo] klg pgn] ljz]if of]ubfg lbOg\ . To;}n] pgnfO{
g]kfnL jL/ª\ugfsf] gfdn] lrlgG5 .
zAbfy{
jL/ M /fi6«sf nflu pT;fx / ;fx;sf ;fy sfd ug]{ k'?if
jL/ª\ugf M /fi6«sf nflu pT;fx / ;fx;sf ;fy sfd ug]{ dlxnf
;k"t M /fd|f] sfd ug]{ k'?if
lj|mofsnfk
!= kf7sf cfwf/df tnsf vfnL 7fp“ e/ M
-s_ aneb| s'j“ / g]kfnsf =================== x'g\ .
-v_ aneb| s'j“ /, cd/l;+x yfkf / elSt yfkfn] ============= ;“u n8fO“
u/]sf lyP .
-u_ /fh]Gb|nIdLnfO{ ========= sf] gfdn] lrlgG5 .
@= hf]8f ldnfpm M
elSt yfkf cª\uh]| ;]gf
aneb| s'j“ / g]kfnsf] PsLs/0fsf] ;'?jft
/fh]Gb|nIdL dnfp lsNnf
k[YjLgf/fo0f zfx gfnfkfgLsf] o'4
cd/l;+x yfkf g]kfnsL jL/ª\ugf
klZrdsf] lsNnf
#= ltd|f] ;d'bfodf klg ufp“6f]nsf] enfOsf nflu sfd u/]sf s'g} JolStx¿
lyP xf]nfg\ . pgLx¿sf] gfd / u/]sf] sfdsf af/]df cfgf] cleefjs
jf lzIfs;“u ;f]w/] n]v / sIffdf ;'gfpm .
ufp“sf] of]ubfg ug]{ JolSt pgn] u/]sf sfd

xfd|f jL/ tyf jL/ª\ugfx¿nfO{ ;Ddfg u5f}“ / pgLx¿n]

h:t} xfdL cfgf] b]znfO{ dfof u5f}“{ .
d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 49
 kf7 – $ ljutaf6 l;Sg'kg]{ s'/f

Kof/f] ;fyL
1fgL . fyL
1fgL
Kof/f]
.
;

lxhf] xfdLnfO{ lzIfsn] xfd|f] ljutsf af/]df k9fpg'eof] . o;af6

xfdLn] w]/} s'/fx¿ l;Sg kfof}“ . xfdLn] l;s]sf /fd|f s'/fx¿ ;a}n]
hfGbf /fd|f] x'g] /x]5 . To;}n] d}n] of] lr7L ltdLnfO{ n]Vb} 5' . xfd|f]
b]zdf w]/} /d|f s'/fx¿ /x]5g\ . o:tf g]kfnnfO{ lrgfpg] j:t'x¿nfO{
;+/If0f ug{k' g]{ /x]5 . b]znfO{ dfof ug'k{ g]{ /x]5 . xfd|f jL/ k'vf{x¿n]
b]zsf nflu w]/} 7"nf] of]ubfg u/]sf /x]5g\ . pgLx¿n] b]zsf nflu
cfgf] Hofgsf] alnbfg lbP . xfdLn] pgLx¿sf] of]ubfgnfO{ ;Demg'kg]{
/x]5 . d / d]/f]eGbf klg xfdL / xfd|f] eGg] ;f]rfO /fVg'kg]{
/x]5 . xfdLn] c¿sf] g/fd|f] s'/fsf] b]vfl;vL ug'{x'“bf] /x]g5 .
cfg} efiff, j]ze"iff, njfOvjfO / rfnrngdf /dfpg'kg]{ /x]5 .
xfdLn] klg xfd|f] b]zsf nflu c;n sfd ug'k{ g]{ /x]5 . b]zsf]
ljsf;df ;s]sf] ;xof]u ug'k{ g]{ /x]5 . log} kf7 xfd|f k'vf{x¿n]
l;sfPsf 5g\ . To;}n] clxn]nfO{ olQ dfq c¿kl5 n]vf}n“ f .

pxL ltd|f] ;fyL

dx]z
lzIf0f lgb]z
{ gM
xfd|f k'vf{x¿sf sfdaf6 k|l] /t eP/ b]z / ;dfhk|lt pQ/bfoL / lhDd]jf/ x'g l;sfpg]
vfnsf lj|mofsnfkx¿ u/fpg'xf];\ .
50 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
 lj|mofsnfk

!= ltdLn] b]zsf nflu s]s] ug{ ;S5f} < kf7sf] cfwf/df n]v .
-s_ ================================
-v_ ================================
-u_ ================================
-3_ ================================
@= ltdL klg cfgf] ;fyLnfO{ ;fdflhs cWoog k9]/ l;s]sf s'/fx¿ /fv]/
Pp6f lr7L n]vL sIffdf ;'gfpm .
#= tnsf] tflnsfnfO{ 7"nf] cIf/n] n]vL sIffdf k|bz{g u/ M
JolSt l;Sg'kg]{ s'/f
c¿sf] nf]edf kg'x{ b“' g} .

aneb| s“j' /

dlxnfx¿n] klg k'?if;/x sfd ug{ ;S5g\ .

/fh]Gb|nIdL
b]zsf] ;]jf ug'{ g} xfd|f] d'Vo sfd xf] .

eLd;]g yfkf

b]zsf] enf] x'g] sfd ug'{ g} b]zk|ltsf] dfof xf] .

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 51
PsfO –;ft xfd|f] cfly{s lj|mofsnfk
kf7 – ! sfdsf] dxŒj
d'lgof“sf] 3/ ;Kt/Lsf] ef/bx xf] . pgsf] kl/jf/sf] d'Vo k];f v]tL
xf] . pgsf a'afcfdf v]tdf sfd ug'x{ G' 5 . v]tdf kmn]sf cGg,
kmnkm"n / ;fu;AhL vfG5g\ . s]xL ahf/df nu]/ a]R5g\ . d'lgof“
cfgf a'afcfdfsf] sfddf ;xof]u ul5{g\ .
k]Daf /;'jfsf] rGbgaf/Ldf a:5g\ . pgsf] 3/df lrh sf/vfgf 5 .
ufp“el/sf rf}/“ Lsf] b"w sf/vfgfdf hDdf x'G5 . Tof] b"waf6 lrh
agfp“5g\ . Toxf“ ag]sf]
lrh b]zsf] ljleGg 7fp“
/ ljb]zdf ;d]t hfG5 .
lrh ahf/df n}hfg] sfd
k]Dafsf l5d]sL lªdfn]
u5{g\ . k]Daf a'afcfdfsf]
sfddf ;xof]u u5{g\ .
;f]xgsf] 3/ kfNkf xf] . pgsf] a'afn] ko{6sx¿nfO{ 3'dfpg'xG' 5 .
cfdf Tolxs} Pp6f ljBfnodf k9fpg'xG' 5 . ;f]xgsf] kl/jf/sf]
vr{ a'afcfdf b'j}sf] cfDbfgLaf6 rn]sf] 5 .
ljleGg ;d'bfosf dflg;n] km/skm/s sfd u5{g\ . sf]xL v]tL
u5{g\ . sf]xL Jofkf/ u5{g\ . sf]xL pBf]u rnfP/ a;]sf 5g\ . sf]xL
hflu/ vfG5g\ . xfdLn] ;a} k|sf/sf c;n sfdsf] ;Ddfg ug'k{ b{5 .
sfd g} 7"nf] s'/f xf] .
lzIf0f lgb]z
{ gM
afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf] ;d'bfosf ljleGg dflg;x¿n] ug]{ km/skm/s sfdsf] vf]hL
ug{ nufpg'xf];\ / pgLx¿n] vf]h/] NofPsf s'/fx¿ sIffdf k|:t't ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
52 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
 lj|mofsnfk

!= ltd|f] ;d'bfosf dflg;x¿n] ug]{ ljleGg k|sf/sf kf“rcf]6f sfd n]v .

@= s'g sfd ug]n{ fO{ s] elgG5 < n]v .
s'g sfd s] elgG5 <
v]tL ug]{ ls;fg
la/fdL hf“Rg]
Jofkf/ ug]{
3/sf] uf/f] nufpg]
sf7sf] sfd ug]{
sfof{nodf sfd ug]{
ufO{j:t' x]g{]
ljBfnodf k9fpg]

#= 7Ls a]7Ls 5'6o\ fpm M

-s_ lrgL sf/vfgfsf nflu pv' cfjZos k5{ .
-v_ v]taf/Ldf sfd ug]n{ fO{ 8sdL{ elgG5 .
-u_ Jofkf/Ln] ;fdfg lsga]r u5{ .
-3_ 3/ agfpg HofdL rflxG5 .

$= ltdLnfO{ dgkg]{ sfdsf af/]df vfnL 7fp“df n]v .

dnfO{ ============= sfd dgk5{ lsgeg] ==================== . pSt sfdsf
nflu ============= ;fdfg rflxG5 .

;d'bfosf ;a} dflg;n] ug]{ /fd|f] sfdsf] ;dfg dxŒj /x]sf] x'G5 .
d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 53
 kf7 – @ sd k};f w]/} sfd
d]/f] gfd cg'hf xf] . d sIff tLgdf k9\5' . o;kfnLsf] ltxf/df d
;fyLx¿;“u e}nf] v]Ng uP“ . e}nf] v]n/] d}n] Ps ;o ?lkof“ kfP“ . Tof]
k};f d}n] cfdfnfO{ /fVg lbP“ . Tof] k};f cfdfn] lng'ePg, pxf“n]
eGg'eof], æ5f]/L, Tof] k};fn] k;ndf uP/ ltdLnfO{ rflxg] ;fdfg lsg .Æ
To;kl5 d}n] cfkm"nfO{ rflxg] ;fdfgsf] ;"rL agfP“ . tL ;fdfg x'g–\
snd, sfkL, d~hg, a|;' , l/ag, sfO“of], sf“6f / v]nf}gfx¿ .
d ;fdfgsf] ;"rL / Ps ;o ?lkof“ lnP/
k;n uP“ . k;n] bfOn] ;"rLcg';f/sf]
;fdfg / lan lbg'eof] . landf ;a}
;fdfgsf] hDdf d"No ;Q/L ?lkof“ lyof] .
d}n] Ps ;o ?lkof“sf] gf]6 lbP“ . pxf“n]
tL; ?lkof“ lkmtf{ lbg'eof] . d ;fdfg /
af“sL k};f lnP/ 3/ kmls{P“ . cfdfn]
Tolt w]/} ;fdfg / af“sL k};f;d]t b]v/]
eGg'eof], æ:ofaf; 5f]/L ⁄ ltdLn] yf]/}
k};faf6 klg w]/} ;fdfg lsGg ;Sof} .
k};f 5 eGb}df h] kfof] Tof] ;fdfg lsGg x'b“ g} .Æ d}n] af“sL k};f
cfdfnfO{ /fVg lbP“ . of] s'/f d}n] ;fyLx¿nfO{ klg eg] .

lzIf0f lgb]z
{ gM
ldtJooL x'b“ f kmfObf / kmh'n vr{ ubf{ a]kmfObf x'g] syf agfP/ ;'gfpg'xf];\ . :yfgLo
;d'bfodf 36]sf] ljifoj:t';u“ ;DalGwt 36gf klg ;'gfpg ;Sg'xG' 5 . To;kl5 ljBfyL{x¿nfO{
ldtJooL x'g] afgL a;fNg] ljleGg lj|mofsnfk u/fpg'xf];\ .
54 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
 lj|mofsnfk

!= ltdLnfO{ rflxg] xftd'v w'g] / g'xfpg] ;fdfgx¿sf] gfd n]v .

@= ltdL;“u k};f yf]/} 5 . To;}n] rflxPsf] ;a} ;fdfg lsGg ;Sb}gf} .
To;dWo]af6 ltdLnfO{ geO{ gx'g] ;fdfgsf] dfq ;"rL agfpm . h:t} M
rflxg] ;fdfg d"No
sfkL ¿= %.–

#= tn lbOPsf JolStx¿sf] g/fd|f] afgLnfO{ ;'wf/ ug{ s] ug'k{ nf{ <

g/fd|f] afgL ;'wf/ ug{ s] ug'k{ 5{ <
df]lgsf ahf/df h] b]Vof] ToxL lslG5g\ . rflxPsf] ;fdfg dfq lsGg]
afgL a;fNg'k5{ .
bf]h{] dx“uf] ;fdfg dfq lsG5g\ .
/fdz/0f rflxPsf] ;fdfg klg lsGb}gg\ .
gf]sL{ cfdf;“u ;w“} k};f dflU5g\ .
/ljg a'af;“u ;w“} gof“ n'uf dfU5g\ .
l;h{gf d~hg kmf? ulb{gg\ .
$= kf7sf] cfwf/df tn lbOPsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]v M
-s_ ltdLnfO{ cg'hfsf] afgL s:tf] nfUof] <
-v_ cg'hfn] s'gs'g ;fdfg lsg]/ ;Q/L ?lkof“ vr{ ul/g\ <
-u_ cfdfn] cg'hfnfO{ lsg :ofaf;L lbg'eof] <
-3_ ltdL;“u ePsf] yf]/} k};fn] s] u5f}{ <

d cfjZos kg]{ sfddf dfq vr{ u5'{ .

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 55
 kf7 – # xfd|f] ufp“df ag]sf ;fdfg

nfv;/L wgs' 6 fsf]

;fGtfª ufp“df al:5g\ .
pgsf] ufp“df 7"nf] 9fsf
sk8f pBf] u 5 .
pBf]uaf6 9fsf pTkfbg
x'G5g\ . pBf]udf ag]sf
;fdfgx¿ s]xL ufp“s}
dflg;n] nufp“5g\ . s]xL
b]zsf ljleGg 7fp“df a]lrG5g\ . tL ;fdfg ljb]zdf ;d]t laj|mL
x'G5g\ . nfv;/L klg cfg} ufp“df ag]sf] 9fsfsf] k5\of}/f cf]9l\ 5g\ .
pgsf a'afn] klg ufp“d} ag]sf] 9fsf6f]kL nufpg'xG' 5 . cfdfn]
9fsfsf] rf]nf] nufpg'xG' 5 .
;f]daxfb'/sf] 3/ wgs'6fs} s'jfkfgL eGg] 7fp“df 5 . pgsf] ufp“df
7"nf] lrofaufg 5 . Toxf“ lrof sf/vfgf klg 5 . ufp“sf w]/} dflg;
ToxL lrofaufg / sf/vfgfdf sfd u5{g\ . Toxf“sf] lrof cToGt
:jflbnf] 5 . wgs'6fsf w]/h} ;f] dflg;n] ToxL lrof lkp“5g\ . Toxf“
pTkfbg ePsf] lrof b]zljb]zdf ;d]t hfG5 .
nfv;/L / ;f]daxfb'/sf] ufp“sf dflg;n] h:t} xfdLn] klg cfg}
7fp“df ag]sf ;fdfg k|of]u ug'k{ 5{ . o;f] ubf{ ufp“sf w]/} dflg;n]
lzIf0f lgb]z
{ gM
ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ :yfgLo ;d'bfodf pTkfbg x'g] ljleGg ;fdfg, vfg]s/' f cflbsf] vf]hL u/fO{
l6kf]6 ug{ nufpg'xf];\ / ;s];Dd ltg} ;fdu|L pkef]u ug{ k|l] /t ug]{ k|sf/sf cGo lj|mofsnfk
u/fpg'xf];\ .
56 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
 sfd kfp“5g\ . sfd kfPkl5 /fd|f] cfDbfgL x'G5 . ufp“sf ;a} dflg;
wgL x'G5g\ . ;a} wgL ePkl5 ufp“ g} wgL x'G5 . clg ;a}
;'vL x'G5g\ .
lj|mofsnfk

!= ltd|f] ;d'bfodf pTkfbg x'g] ;fdfgx¿sf] gfd n]v .

@= ltd|f] ljBfnodf ePsf ;fdfgx¿sf] ;"rL agfpm . pSt ;fdfgx¿ sxf“
ag]sf x'g\ x]//] jf ;f]w/] tflnsf agfO{ n]v .
ljBfnodf /x]sf ;fdfg sxf“ ag]sf]
6]an' ufp“s} l;sdL{ bfOn] agfPsf]

#= nfv;/Lsf] 3/df ePsf ;fdfg / tL ;fdfg ag]sf 7fp“sf] ljj/0f

o;k|sf/ 5 M
;fdfgsf] gfd ;fdfg ag]sf] 7fp“
9fsfsf ;fdfg– 6f]kL, rf]nf], ufp“s} 9fsf pBf]udf ag]sf
k5\of}/f, :6sf]6
v]tLdf k|of]u ul/g] cf}hf/, ufp“s} xs{ bfOsf] cf/fgdf ag]sf
sf]bfnf], x“l;of .
ef“8fjt{gx¿– yfn, a6'sf], ;x/df ag]sf
lunf;, cDvf]/f, s;f}8“ L, ef“8f .
/]l8of], 6]lnlehg, 38L ljb]zdf ag]sf
ltdL klg ltd|f] 3/df ePsf ;fdfg sxf“ ag]sf /x]5g\ x]//] jf ;f]w/]
dflysf] h:t} tflnsfdf n]v .
$= 9fsf 6f]kLsf] lrq agfpm / ldNg] /ª klg e/ .

cfg} 7fp“df ag]sf ;fdfg ;:tf], alnof] / /fd|f] x'G5 .

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 57
 kf7 – $ xfd|f] ;x/df ag]sf ;fdfg

;'Gb/sf] k'Vof}n{ L 3/ jL/u~hdf 5 . /~hgfsf] 3/ a'6jndf 5 . tL

b'O{ ;fyLaLr ePsf] s'/fsfgL o;k|sf/ 5 M
/~hgf M ;'Gb/ ⁄ ltd|f] 3/ t jL/u~hdf 5 . Toxf“ s]s] 5g\ <
;'Gb/M jL/u~hdf lrgL sf/vfgf 5 . sk8f pBf]u 5 . Toxf“
;fa'g klg aG5 . ef“8fs'8“ f klg aG5g\ . o:tf w]/} ;fdfg
jL/u~hdf aG5g\ . tfKs] jL/u~hs} k|Voft ;fdfg xf] .
/~hgf M Toxf“sf dflg;n] ToxL“ ag]sf ;fdfg k|of]u u5{g\ t <
;'Gb/ M xf], Toxf“sf dflg;n] ToxL“ ag]sf ;fdfg k|of]u u5{g\ .
Toxf“sf ;fdfg gkfOPdf dfq aflx/sf ;fdfg k|of]u u5{g\ .
/~hgf M Toxf“sf dflg;n] vfg]s/' f sxf“af6 Nofp“5g\ t <
;'Gb/ M jL/u~h ;x/ glhs} v]tL ug]{ hldg k|z:t 5 . rfdn,
bfn, t/sf/L, kmnkm"n, df5f ToxL“af6 ;x/df cfp“5 .
ltdLn] klg a'6jnsf] af/]df ;'gfpm g /~hgf .
/~hgf M a'6jndf w]/} lsl;dsf pBf]ux¿ 5g\ . oxf“ sk8f, wfuf],
la:s'6, h'Qf, 6]lnlehg, ;fa'g cflb ;fdfgx¿ aG5g\ .
oxf“ ag]sf ;fdfgx¿ ljb]zdf klg hfG5g\ .
;'Gb/ M oxf“sf dflg;n] vfg]s/' f sxf“af6 Nofp“5g\ <
/~hgf M oxf“ w]/} dflg; 5g\ . a'6jndf klg ;x/ glhs} k|z:t
hldg 5 . oxf“ wfg, t/sf/L cflb pTkfbg x'G5 . w]/h} ;f]
vfg]s/' f ToxL“sf ls;fgx¿n] pTkfbg u5{g\ .
lzIf0f lgb]z
{ gM
ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ :yfgLo:t/df pTkfbg x'g] ;fdu|L k|of]udf Nofp“bf x'g] kmfObfsf af/] 5nkmn
u/fO{ To:tf ;fdu|L k|of]udf Nofpg k|FT] ;fxg ug]{ k|sf/sf lj|mofsnfk u/fpg'xf];\ .
58 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
 ;'Gb/ M ltdL;“u c¿ klg w]/} s'/f ;f]Wg' 5 . csf]{ lbg s'/f
u/f}“nf .
/~hgf M x'G5 .
lj|mofsnfk

!= ltd|f 3/df k|of]u x'g] s'g} Pp6f vf]n;lxtsf] ;fa'g n]pm . pSt
;fa'gsf] vf]ndf n]lvPsf s'/fx¿ x]/L lgDg a'b“ fx¿df n]v M
-s_ ;fa'gsf] gfd M
-v_ ag]sf] 7fp“ M
-u_ pBf]u jf sDkgLsf] gfd M
-3_ ;fa'gsf] vf]ndf lrx\g 5, 5}g .
@= ltd|f] ;fyLsf] 3/df k|of]u x'g] ;fdfgx¿ sxf“ ag]sf /x]5g\, x]//] jf
;fyLnfO{ ;f]w/] n]v .
#= /dgsf] 3/df w]/}h;f] ufp“ aflx/ ag]sf ;fdfg /x]5g\ . ufp“d} ag]sf
/fd|f / alnof ef“8fjt{g x'b“ fx'b“ } klg /fd|f b]lvg] dx“uf ef“8fjt{g k|of]u
u5{g\ . ufp“d} ag]sf ;'sn' , u'Gb|L ;:tf / /fd|f 5g\ t/ pgLx¿ dx“uf
ljb]zL sfk]6{ cf]5o\ fp“5g\ . tfhf l9“8f], /f]6L, eft / kmnkm"n gvfP/
l6gsf a6\6f / Knfl:6sdf Kofs ul/Psf af;L vfg]s/' f vfG5g\ . ca
ltdL ;'dgsf] kl/jf/nfO{ s] ;Nnfx lbg rfxG5f}, ;'emfj n]v / sIffdf
;'gfpm .
$= s'g ;fdfg aGgsf nflu s] rflxG5, hf]8f ldnfpm M
9fsf 6f]kL 5fnf
;'sn' ÷u'Gb|L e]8fsf] pmg
h'Qf wfuf]
/f8LkfvL k/fn
lkQn
sfuh

xfdLn] ;s];Dd cfg} 7fp“df ag]sf ;fdfg k|of]u ug'k{ 5{ .

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 59
60 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
 l;h{gfTds snf

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 61

 PsfO Ps b[Zosnf
d cfk\mgf] jl/kl/
kf7 – ! /]vf /x]sf j:t'x¿sf]
lrq agfp“5' .
j:t'x¿sf] lrq agfcf}“ .
x]/, lrg / agfpm M

lj|mofsnfk
ltdL klg cfk\mgf] jl/kl/ /x]sf j:t'x¿ x]/L lrq agfpm .
lzIf0f lgb]z
{ gM
– ljBfno jf 3/sf] jl/kl/ /x]sf ljleGg j:t'x¿, h:t} M 6]an ' , s';L{, 8]:s, lstfa, sfkL,
k]lG;n, ef8f“s8
' f cflbsf] cjnf]sg u/fO{ lrq agfpg k|fT] ;fxg ug{x' f];\ .
– dfly lbOPsf lrqx¿sf] gSsn (copy) ug{ glbg'xf];,\ a? o:t} cGo ljleGg ;fdu|Lx¿ x]/L lrq
agfpg pT;flxt ug{x' f];\ .
– lrq sf]g]{ sfd cGo ljifo lzIf0fdf klg cEof; u/fO{ ljBfyL{x¿n] agfPsf s[ltx¿sf] k|bz{g
ug{] Joj:yf ldnfpg'xf];\ .
62 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
 d}n] cfk"mnfO{ Kof/f]
nfUg] dflg;sf]
lrq agfP“ .

d]/f ;kgf
d]/f ;fyLx¿

d]/f] cg'xf/sf] lrq

d k'm6an v]N5' d}n] o:tf] lrq agfP“ .

lj|mofsnfk
ltdLnfO{ Kof/f] nfUg] dflg; jf j:t'x¿sf] lrq agfpm .
{ gM
lzIf0f lgb]z
– ljleGg ljifoj:t'x¿, h:t} M kl/jf/, ;fyL, dg kg]{ dfG5] cflbsf] lrq agfpg nufpg'xf];\ .
o;/L agfpg nufp“bf ljifoj:t'sf] 5gf]6 sfo{ ljBfyL{ :jod\nfO{ ug{ lbg'xf];\ .
– ljBfyL{x¿n] 5fg]sf ljifoj:t'x¿af/] 5nkmn u/fP/ dfq agfpg nufpg'xf];,\ ;fy} pgLx¿n]
agfPsf s[ltx¿sf] k|bz{g ug{] Joj:yf ldnfpg'xf];\ .
d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 63
 kf7 – @ /ª
/ª v]nf}“ .

d}n] k]lG;n / d}g/ªn]

lrq agfP“ .

cfdfsf] dfof

d / k/L

s'v/' fsf] kl/jf/

d]/f] x“;fpg] ;fyL

lj|mofsnfk
/ª bn]/ ltdLnfO{ dgkg]{ s'g} ljifoj:t'sf] lrq agfpm .
{ gM
lzIf0f lgb]z
– ljBfyL{x¿n] 5fg]sf ljifoj:t'x¿dWo] pko'St ljifoj:t'df lrq agfpg k|fT] ;fxg ug{x' f];\ .
– ljBfyL{x¿n] agfPsf lrqx¿ k5fl8k6\l6 gfd, sIff / pd]/ n]Vg nufO{ k|bz{g ug]{ Joj:yf
ldnfpg'xf];\ .
64 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
 /ª k|of]u u/f}“ .
lrqx¿ x]/ t Û
s;/L agfOPsf 5g\ <

d]/f] b]z

d 3/ aflx/ 5' .
xfdL k;n uof}“ .

y/Ly/Lsf /ªx¿
k|of]u u/L lrq
agfcf}“ .

d]/f] 8fOgf];f]/
lj|mofsnfk
5nkmn u/ . 5nkmn u/]sf] ljifodf /ªsf] k|of]u u/]/ lrq agfpm .
{ gM
lzIf0f lgb]z
ljBfyL{x¿n] 5fg]sf ljifoj:t'x¿dWo] pko'St ljifoj:t'df lrq agfpg nufO{ /ªx¿sf] k|of]u
ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 65
 kf7 – # 5kfO
5kfO sfo{ ljleGg j:t'af6 ug{ ;lsG5 . s'g} j:t'sf] ;txdfly Ps
jf PseGbf a9L /ªx¿ nufO{ ;kmf sfuhdfly /fvL lyr]/ jf bn]/
5fk lgsfNg] k|lj|mofnfO{ 5kfO sfo{ elgG5 .
j:t'af6 5fk lgsfn M
kftdf /ª nufpm . To;nfO{
sfuhdfly /fvL 5fk lgsfn / x]/ .
kftsf] 5fk
ca ljleGg j:t'x¿ h:t} M
wfuf], 6f“s -a6g_ hfnL, pmg
cflb hDdf u/ . Pp6f afSnf]
sfuhdf ljleGg j:t'x¿, h:t} M
wfuf], 6f“sf, sf7sf 6'jm| f cflbnfO{ ldnfP/
/fv . /ª bn . ca pSt /ª bn]sf] j:t'x¿dfly
sfuh /fvL To;sf] 5fk lgsfn . ljleGg j:t'x¿sf] 5fk

afSnf] sfuhnfO{ s'g} cfsf/df

sf6L To; dfly /ª bn]/ 5fk
lgsfNg ;lsG5 . oxf“ Pp6f
pbfx/0f b]vfPsf] 5 .
lj|mofsnfk afSnf] sfuh sf6L To;sf] 5fk

ljleGg lsl;dsf kftx¿, t/sf/L / cGo j:t'x¿af6 klg 5kfO sfo{ u/]/ x]/ .
lzIf0f lgb]z { gM
– 5kfO sfo{sf nflu cfjZos x'g] ;fdu|Lx¿sf] Joj:yf u/fO{ 5kfO sfo{ u/fpg'xf];\ .
– 5kfO lj|mofsnfk ;d"xdf a;fP/ ubf{ km/s lsl;dsf tyf cfsif{s snfs[lt tof/ ug{ ;lsg]
x“b' f ;d"xdf klg sfo{ u/fpg'xf];\ .
– tof/ ePsf lrqx¿ sIffsf]7fdf k|bz{g u/fO{ 5kfO sfo{sf] cg'ejaf/] 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ .
66 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
 sf6]/ 5fk
cfn' jf cGo t/sf/L sf6 . To;df a'66\ f agfO{ /ª kf]t/] sfuhdf
5fk lgsfn . s:tfs:tf a'66\ fx¿ ag]5g\ < x]/ .

cfn'af6 lgsfn]sf 5fkx¿

s/]nfsf] 5fk
lj|mofsnfk
ljleGg k|sf/sf t/sf/L, h:t} M cfn', d'nf, /fdtf]l/of, eG6f cflb sf6]/
To;sf] ;txdf cfs[lt agfO{ 5fk lgsfn .
{ gM
lzIf0f lgb]z
– ljleGg k|sf/sf j:t'x¿, h:t} M afSnf] sfuh, sf7sf 6'jm| f, wfuf],] sk8f / /ª cflb h:tf
;fdu|Lx¿sf]] Joj:yf u/L 5kfO sfo{ u/fpg'xf];\ .
– sf6]/ cfs[lt agfpg] lj|mofsnfk u/fp“bf ljz]if Wofg lbg'xf]nf . o:tf] lj|mofsnfk u/fp“bf
rf]6k6s nfUg ;Sg] x'b“ f ljz]if ;fjwfgLk"js
{ u/fpg'xf];\ .
d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 67
 kf7 – $ sf]nfh
/ª\uLg sf]nfh
/ª\uLg sfuh, sk8f, kft, cGo kftnf tyf xn'sf j:t'x¿
Roft]/ jf sf6]/ sf]nfh lrq agfpg ;lsG5 . oxf“ s]xL gd'gfx¿
b]vfOPsf 5g\ .

/ª\uLg sfuh sf6]/ agfPsf] sf]nfh

sfuh Roft]/ ldnfP/ agfPsf] lrq r'/f 6f“;/] agfPsf] sf]nfh

sf]nfh agfpg ljleGg /ªsf sfuhx¿ a6'n / ljBfnodf Nofpm .
;fyLx¿;“u ldn]/ sf]nfh lrq agfpm .
lj|mofsnfk
-s_ xf6ahf/df ltdLn] s]s] b]vs] f 5f} < cfk"m ahf/ uPsf] ;Dem]/ To;af/]
sf]nfh lrq agfpm .
-v_ ltdLnfO{ s] v]Ng dg nfU5 < cfk"mnfO{ dgkg]{ v]nsf af/]df sf]nfh agfpm .
68 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
 /ª\uLg sf]nfh agfpg sfuhnfO{ ljleGg cfsf/df sf6\g jf
RofTg ;lsG5 . o;/L sf6]sf jf Roft]sf cfsf/x¿nfO{ ;'xfpg]
tl/sfn] ldnfpg'k5{ . tnsf sf]nfhx¿ x]/ . cfsf/x¿ s;/L
ldnfOPsf 5g\, 5nkmn u/ .

sf6]/ ldnfOPsf cfsf/x¿

Roft]/ ldnfOPsf cfsf/x¿

sf]nfhdf Pp6} lsl;dsf] cfsf/n]

k"/} kfgf eg{ klg ;lsG5 . o;
sf]nfhdf ;;fgf sfuhsf 6'jm| fx¿
ldnfP/ k"/} kfgf 9flsPsf] 5 .
lj|mofsnfk Roft]/ kfgf e/]sf] sf]nfh
-s_ /ª\uLg sfuhx¿nfO{ ljleGg cfsf/df Roft / kfgfdf ldnfP/ 6f“; .
-v_ /ª\uLg sfuhnfO{ sf6]/ ljleGg lsl;dsf cfsf/x¿ agfpm / ldnfP/ 6f“; .
-u_ ;fgf;fgf 6'jm| fx¿ ldnfP/ kfgf eg]{ u/L sf]nfh agfpm .
lzIf0f lgb]z
{ gM
– ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ ljleGg k|sf/sf sfuhx¿ / j:t'x¿ ;ª\sng ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
– dfly lbOPsf pbfx/0fx¿af/] 5nkmn u/fO{ ljBfyL{x¿n] agfpg ;Sg] ljifoj:t'df sf]nfh
lrq agfpg nufpg'xf];\ .
d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 69
v;|f] sf]nfh
3f“;, kft, 8f]/L, af]/fh:tf v;|f j:t'x¿ 6f“;/] klg sf]nfh agfOG5 .
o:tf] sf]nfh b/f] sfuhdf afSnf] -/fd|/L kfs]sf]_ df8 jf u'b“ k|of]u
u/]/ agfpg'k5{ . tn lbOPsf sf]nfhx¿ x]/ . s]s] s'/fx¿ 6f“;/]
tnsf lrqx¿ agfOPsf 5g\ < ltdL klg oxf“ b]vfOPsf h:t}
6f“:g ;lsg] s'/fx¿ a6'n / sf]nfh agfpm .

afSnf] sfuh,kft cflbaf6 agfOPsf] sf]nfh

ljleGg sk8faf6 agfPsf] sf]nfh
lj|mofsnfk
-s_ v;|f] sf]nfh agfpgsf nflu s]s:tf s'/fx¿ hDdf ug{ ;lsG5 <
klxn] 5nkmn u/ clg hDdf u/]/ p:t}p:t} s'/fx¿ ;“u;“u} /fv .
-v_ rf/ lsl;dsf v;|f j:t'x¿ dfq k|of]u u/]/ lrGg ;lsg] cfsf/
ePsf] sf]nfh agfpm .
-u_ b'Ob{ O' { hgf ldn]/ cnL 7"nf] sfuhdf æd]/f] g]kfnL lstfaÆdf ePsf]
Pp6f syfsf] sf]nfh agfpm .
lzIf0f lgb]z
{ gM
– ljleGg j:t'x¿ ;ª\sng ug{ nufO{ dfly b]vfPh:t} u/L ljleGg ljifoj:t'df sf]nfh lrq
agfpg nufpg'xf];\ .
– ljBfyL{x¿n] agfPsf sf]nfh lrqx¿sf] k|bz{g ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg'xf];\ .
70 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
 kf7 – % df6f]sf] sfd
HofldtLo cfsf/
tof/ kfl/Psf] df6f]sf]] 8Nnf] xftdf npm . b'j} xftsf] ;xof]uaf6
xn'sf;“u 3'dfp“b} af6'nf] jf uf]nf] cfsf/ agfpm . af6'nf] jf uf]nf]
cfsf/nfO{ cf}n“ fn] Kjfn kf/]/, lrdf6]/, tfg]/ ljleGg j:t'x¿sf]
cfs[lt jf cfsf/ agfpg ;S5f}+ . ltdL klg agfP/ x]/ . oxf“ o:t}
j:t'x¿sf] pbfx/0f b]vfOPsf] 5 .
x]/, lrg / agfpm M

d s]
agfp“ <

lj|mofsnfk
ltdLx¿n] df6f]sf] 8Nnf]af6 ljleGg j:t'x¿ agfpg ;S5f} / agfpm .
lzIf0f lgb]z
{ gM
– ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ rf/ jf kf“r hgfsf] ;d"xdf ljefhg u/L tof/ kfl/Psf] df6f]sf] 8Nnfx¿
a/fa/ x'g] u/L ;a} ljBfyL{x¿df ljt/0f ug{x' f];\ .
– df6f]sf] 8Nnf]nfO{ xftdf lng nufO la:tf/} af6'nf] jf uf]nf] agfpg nufpg'xf];\ .
– uf]nf] cfsf/ agfO;s]kl5 o; cfsf/af6 cGo ljleGg k|sf/sf j:t'x¿ klg agfpg nufpg'xf];\ .
– ljBfyL{x¿n] agfOPsf j:t'x¿sf] k|bz{g ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpgxf];\ .
d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 71
a'66\ f agfpm
cfjZos dfqfdf tof/ kfl/Psf] df6f] n]pm . Tof] df6f]n] fO{ ;dy/ :yfg
dfly /fv . ca la:tf/} xft jf af6'nf] sf7sf] ;xof]uaf6 df6f]nfO{ k]nL
kftf jf :n]a agfpm . df6f]sf] kftf agfO;s]kl5 To;dfly sf7sf]
5]:sfn] cfkm"nfO{ dg kg]{ cfs[lt jf lrq sf]/ .

k]n/] df6f]sf] kftf agfOPsf] df6f]sf] kftfdf 5]:sfn] sf]6o\ fP/ agfPsf] a'66\ f

df6f]sf] kftfdf df6f] ykL a'66\ f jf cfs[lt agfpm .

df6f]sf] kftfnfO{ ldnfP/ sf6]sf] df6f]sf] kftfdf df6f] yk]/ agfPsf] cfs[lt

lj|mofsnfk
df6f]sf] kftf agfO{ ltdLnfO{ dg kg]{ ljifoj:t'sf a'66\ f jf cfs[lt agfpm .
lzIf0f lgb]z
{ gM
– tof/ kfl/Psf] df6f] ljt/0f u/L ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ kftf (Slab) agfpg nufO{ OR5fg';f/sf]
cfs[lt jf lrq sf]g{ nufO{ :jtGq cleJolSt jf a'66\ f agfpg nufpg'xf];\ .
– lgdf{0f ePsf s[ltx¿nfO{ ´'G8\ofpgsf nflu kftfsf] dflyNnf] efudf Kjfn agfO{ /fd|/L
;'sk] l5 lsnfdf ´'G8\ofO{ k|bz{g ug{ Joj:yf ldnfpg'xf];\ .
– lgdf{0f ePsf j:t'x¿df j:t'cg'¿k /ª eg{ nufpg'xf];\ .
72 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
 kf7 – ^ sfuhsf] sfd

sfuh k6\ofP/ / sf6]/ ljleGg j:t' jf cfs[lt agfpg ;lsG5 . sfuh

k6\ofP/ agfpg] snfnfO{ cf]l/ufdL elgG5 . cf]l/ufdL snfsf] ljsf;
hfkfgaf6 ePsf] xf] . of] snf hfkfgsf] k/Dk/fut snfsf ¿kdf lrlgG5 .
cf]l/ufdL lj|mofsnfk k|foM juf{sf/ sfuhaf6 agfOG5 .
sfuhnfO{ juf{sf/df sf6f}“
tn lbOPsf lrqdf h:t} u/]/ sfuh k6\ofO{ sf6]df juf{sf/ sfuhsf]
6'jm| f aGb5 . 3 u
‘s’ :yfgaf6
la:tf/} jf0f
b]vfPsf] lt/
‘u’ / ‘3’ ;“u s v
(i) (i) (iii) (iv)
;dfgfGt/ x'g]
u/L k6\ofp .

ca ltdLn] klg Pp6f sfuh lnO{ juf{sf/df sf6 jf Roft clg

ljleGg j:t'x¿ agfpg sf]l;; u/ .
!= r/f
– lrqdf b]vfPh:t} u/L sfuhnfO{ k6\ofpm / r/f agfpm .

$ s}r
“ Ln] sf6
! @ # %
^
– olt agfO;s]kl5 To; sfuhdf r/fsf] h:t} cf“vf sf]/ .
d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 73
@= sfuhsf] sk

! @ # $ % ^ &
#= rf/v08sf] a6\6f

$ % ^
! @ #
&
$= s5'jf

! @ # $ % ^

&
lzIf0f lgb]z
{ gM
– hfkfgL efiffdf æcf]l/Æ eGgfn] k6\ofpg' / æufdLÆ sf] cy{ sfuh xf] . To:t} of] snfdf
sfuhnfO{ ljleGg cfsf/df k6\ofP/ ljleGg j:t' jf cfs[lt agfOG5 .
– ;j{ky| d lzIfsn] juf{sf/ cfsf/df s;/L sfuh sf6\g ;lsG5 eGg]af/] k|bz{g u/L b]vfpg'xf];\ .
– cf]l/ufdL lj|mofsnfk k'/fgf] tyf sfd gnfUg] sfuhsf kfgfåf/f u/fpg'xf];\ .
– oxf“ b]vfOPsf s]xL dxŒjk"0f{ ;ª\st] x¿af/] hfgsf/L lbO{ sfo{ u/fpg'xf];\ .
sfuh sf6 leqk6\l6 k6\ofpm
sfuhnfO{ tfg k5fl8lt/af6 k6\ofpm
Psrf]l6 k6\ofP/ la:tf/} vf]n sfuhnfO{ k5fl8lt/ kN6fpm
74 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
 %= 3/

@ # $

!
% ^
3/sf] ‰ofn / 9f]sf sf]/ .
^= sfuhsf] ¿v
&

! @ # ca Psdfly csf]{
k6\ofPsf] tLgs'g]
sfuhnfO{ 6f“;L
sfuhsf] ¿v agfpm
.
$ % ^ & *
&= sfuhsf] kª\vf

! @ # $

Pp6f 5]:sfdf sf6]sf] sfuhnfO{

c8\ofO{ sfuhsf] kª\vf agfpm . %
d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 75
&= sfuhsf] xjfO{hxfh

! @ # $

$ % ^ & *
*= sfuhsf] 8'ªu\ f

! @ # $

% ^ & * (

!) !! !@ !# !$

!% !^ !&
lj|mofsnfk
ltdL klg r/f, sk, rf/v08] a6\6f, s5'jf, 3/, xjfO{hxfh, 8'ªu\ f, ¿v,
kª\vf cflb agfpm / v]n .
lzIf0f lgb]z
{ gM
– dfly lbOPsf xjfO{hxfh / 8'ªu\ f agfpg juf{sf/ sfuhsf] ;6\6f cfotfsf/ sfuhsf]
k|of]u u/L agfpg nufpg'xf];\ .
– ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ Pp6} s'/f w]/} k6s agfpg nufO{ j:t'x¿sf] k|bz{g ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg'xf];\ .
76 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
 kf7 – & lgdf{0f

df6f], l;Gsf, sk8f, Kjf“vh:tf ;lhn} kfOg] j:t'x¿nfO{{ hf]8/]

ltdLn] v]ns] f 5f} . o;/L agfPsf] v]Ng] s'/fx¿nfO{ g} xfdL
lgdf{0f eGb5f}“ . ljBfyL{x¿n] 3/df
dfq geO{ ljBfnodf klg ljleGg
v]Ng] s'/fx¿ agfpg x'G5 . v]Ng]
s'/f agfP/ v]Ng / sIffsf]7f ;nfO{sf a'66\ faf6 lgdf{0f
;hfpg klg ;lsG5 . ul/Psf uf8L

ltdLn] klg df6f]sf] 8Nnf]df l;Gsf, kft, Kjf“v cflb 3f]k/] y/Ly/Lsf
hgfj/x¿ jf v]nf}gf agfpg ;S5f} .

df6f]sf] uf8L
lj|mofsnfk
r/f
df6f], l;Gsf, kft, Kjf“vh:tf j:t'x¿sf] k|of]u u/]/ ltdLnfO{ dgkg]{ s'g}
Ps v]nf}gf agfpm .
lzIf0f lgb]z
{ gM
– ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ ljleGg k|sf/sf j:t'x¿ ;ª\sng ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
– dfly lbOPsf pbfx/0fx¿af/] 5nkmn u/L ljBfyLx¿n] agfpg ;Sg] ljifoj:t'df lgdf{0f sfo{
u/fpg'xf];\ . Pp6f agfO ;s]kl5 ;do /x]df c¿ klg agfpg klg nufpg'xf];\ .
d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 77
sfuhsf] k'tnL
sfuhaf6 xft]kt' nL tyf cGo v]nf}gf klg agfpg ;lsG5 . l;h{gfsf]
xftdf Pp6f k'tnL 5 . xft]k'tnL lnP/ l;h{gf syf ;'gfp“l5g\ .
ltdL klg o:t} xft]kt' nL agfpm .

l;h{gf / pgsf] uf]? ´'G8\ofpg] v]nf}gf

s's/'
ljBfno jl/kl/ /x]sf ljleGg j:t'x¿, h:t} M 9'ªu\ f, O“6f, 8f]/L,
n6\7L, sf7, df6f], afn'jf cflbaf6 klg lgdf{0f sfo{ ug{ ;lsG5 .
ltdL klg o:t} j:t'x¿af6 ;fyL;“u ldnL /dfOnf v]nf}gfx¿ agfpm .
lj|mofsnfk

sfuh, l;Gsf, pmg, /ª cflb k|of]u u/L /dfOnf xft]kt' nL jf v]nf}gfx¿ agfpm .
lzIf0f lgb]z
{ gM
– ljBfno j/k/ kfOg] j:t'x¿ ;ª\sng ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
– ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ ;d"xdf ljefhg u/L lgdf{0f sfo{ u/fpg'xf];\ .
– dfly lbOPsf gd'gfx¿ s]s] k|of]u u/L s;/L hf]8s ] f 5g\, cjnf]sg tyf 5nkmn u/fO{
ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ klg lgdf{0f sfo{ ug{ k|fT] ;fxg ug'x{ f];\ .
78 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
 sfuhsf j:t'x¿
AFfSNFF] sfuhaf6 w]/} j:t'x¿ agfpg ;lsG5 . oxf“ Pp6f 3/sf]
gd'gf b]vfPsf] 5 . oxf“ sfuhnfO{ sf6]/, k6\ofP/, aª\ufP/ tyf
hf]8/] 3/ agfOPsf] 5 . o; 3/sf] ‰ofn, 5fgf, 9f]sf s;/L agfPsf]
xf]nf ljrf/ u/ <

afSnf] sfuhaf6 agfOPsf 3/x¿

km"n agfpg sfuhnfO{ 3'dfp/f] kf/]sf] 5 .

cfkm"nfO{ dg nfu]sf] s'/f agfpg cfk\mg}
tl/sfn] agfpg sf]l;; u/ .
sfuhsf] k"mn
lj|mofsnfk
-s_ a6\6fx¿nfO{ sf6]/ 3/,uf8L jf s'g} hgfj/ cflb agfpm .
-v_ afSnf] sfuh sf6L hf]8L s'g} cfkm"nfO{ dg kg]{ j:t' agfpm .
lzIf0f lgb]z
{ gM
– ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ ;d"xdf ljefhg u/L ljleGg j:t'x¿ ;ª\sng ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
– s}“rL jf wfl/nf] j:t' rSs'sf] k|of]u u/fp“bf ljif]z ;fjwfgLk"js
{ sfo{ u/fpg'xf];\ .
– lgdf{0f sfo{ u/fp“bf ljBfyL{x¿sf] df}lnstfnfO{ ljif]z Wofg lbO{ sfo{ u/fpg'xf];\ .
– lgdf{0f u/]sf s[ltx¿af/] ljBfyL{x¿df 5nkmn ug{sf ;fy} k|bz{g ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg'xf];\ .
d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 79
 PsfO b'O{ ;ª\uLt
kf7 – ! d /fli6«o ufg ufp“5'

;of}“ y'u“ f km"nsf xfdL Pp6} dfnf g]kfnL

;fj{ef}d e} km}lnPsf d]rL dxfsfnL
k|sl[ tsf sf]l6sf]l6 ;Dkbfsf] cf“rn
jL/x¿sf /utn] :jtGq / c6n
1fge"ld zflGte"ld t/fO{ kxf8 lxdfn
cv08 of] Kof/f] xfd|f] dft[el" d g]kfn
ax'n hflt efiff wd{ ;+:s[lt 5g\ ljzfn
cu|ufdL /fi6« xfd|f] ho ho g]kfn

lj|mofsnfk
o; /fli6«o ufgnfO{ o;/L g} af/Daf/ cEof; u/ .
lzIfs lgb]z
{ gM
– /fli6«o ufgaf/] ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg'xf];\ .
– /fli6«o ufg klxn] lzIfs :jod\n] ufP/ ;'gfO;s]kl5 ljBfyL{nfO{ ;f]xLcg';f/ cEof;
u/fpg'xf];\ . /fli6«o ufg ufpg'eGbf klxn] tfn cyf{t\ tfnL jf dfbnsf] ;xof]u lnO{
cEof; u/fpg'xf];\ .
80 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
 kf7 – @ sIffut uLt
w]/} k9\5f}“ w]/} n]V5f},“ ;fgf;fgf gfgL
a'4h:t} TofuL aG5f},“ hgs´}“ 1fgL
¿ku'0f zLnjtL, lxp“h:t} uf]/L
pdf ;Ltf e[s6' L x'g,\ -g]kfns} 5f]/L_@

efOa}gL ;a}nfO{ a/fa/ 7fgL

a'4h:t} TofuL aG5f},“ hgs´}“ 1fgL
k9Ln]vL l;S5f}“ xfdL, c/lgsf]´“} ;Lk
afN5f}“ k[YjLefg'n] ´“,} -Pstfsf] bLk_@

kmx/fp“5f“} ljZjel/ g]kfnL lgzfgL

a'4h:t} TofuL aG5f},“ hgs´}“ 1fgL
d]rLb]lv dxfsfnL, kxf8dw];
g]kfnL xf}“ ;a} xfdL, -g]kfn xfd|f] b]z_@
Ps} :j/, Ps} no, Pp6} cfgLafgL
a'4h:t} TofuL aG5f},“ hgs´}“ 1fgL
w]/} k9\5f}“ w]/} n]V5f},“ ;fgf;fgf gfgL
a'4h:t} TofuL aG5f},“ hgs´}“ 1fgL
lzIfs lgb]z
{ gM
sIffut uLt sx/jf tfn jf VofnL tfn xf] eg]/ ljBfyL{nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg'xf];\ . sIffut
uLt ufpg'eGbf cufl8 ;ª\st] cg';f/ tfnL jf dfbndf o; tfnnfO{ cEof; ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
sIffut uLt l;sfpg'eGbf cufl8 lzIfsn] pSt uLtsf] :j/lnlk / sof;]6 ;'Gg'xf];\ .

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 81

 kf7 – # afnuLt
k9, eg / ufpm M
lstfa ltd|f] u'0fsf] avfg
s] ug{ ;Sy]“ d 5' x} cGhfg
;w}“ gdfgLsg sQL ´sf]{
lbG5f} atfO{sg 1fg csf]{
syf sxfgL Oltxf; gfgf
lj1fg cf} 1fg gof“ k'/fgf
Ps]s 5n{ªu\ u/L dnfO{
;Dk"0f{ lbG5f} ltdL g} atfO{
;f“Rr} ltdLleq ;a}hgfsf]
ltd|f] 5 b/af/ ;w}“ v'nf Tof]
/fv]/ ;t\1fg 7"nf] esf/L
af“8g\ ] ltdL g} pkrf/ ef/L
dg'iosf] hLjgdfu{ vf;
b]vfO lbG5f} gagL xtf;
k9]/ /fd|f al9of lstfa
d u5'{ c1fg ;a} ;vfk
lj|mofsnfk

dfly lbOPsf] sljtfnfO{ no ldnfP/ uLt ufpg] cEof; u/ .

{ gM
lzIfs lgb]z
– s'g} klg afnuLt ufpg nufpg'eGbf cufl8 To;sf] efjfy{ ljBfyL{nfO{ atfOlbg'xf];,\ To;kl5
v08v08 ul/Psf afnuLtnfO{ sfnf]kf6L jf sf8{af]8d{ f n]vL vl08t ul/Psf] -! @ # $ % ^
& *_ n]lvPsf] 7fp“df tfnL lb“b} afnuLt cEof; ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
– uLt ufp“bf jf l;sfp“bf :yfgLo jf s'g} klg nonfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ cEof; u/fpg ;Sg'xG' 5 .
82 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
 d /fli6«o uLt ufp“5'
k9, eg / ufpmM

lxdfnr'nL lz/ d]/f] sNn] ;S5 5'g <

uLt ufp“5' g]kfnLsf] g]kfnL g} x'g
:jfledfgL zflGtk|d] L d]/f] klxrfg
efjgfsf] :jR5 d t a'¢ d]/f] gfd .
xf/L efu] ;fd|fHo tL xf/]“ d}n] stf <
pt} kms{ k/b]zL v's/' L x'“ d tf Û
sf]bfnLsf] la“8 d]/f] /fOkmnsf] gfn
kl;gfsf] v]tL d]/f] hLjgsf] 9fn .
:jfledfgL sf] 5 egL ljZjdf´ ;f]w] <
g]kfnL g} k'?iffyL{ lgikIf e} af]n] .
g]kfnLs} lglDt n8\5' g]kfnLs} u'g
cfkm}n“ ] hfg]sf] 5' :jfledfgL x'g .

lj|mofsnfk
o;}u/L cGo x/kmsf] zAbfIf/nfO{ klg tfndf af“wL cfk"mn] hfg]sf s'g}
nodf ufpg] cEof; u/ .
lzIf0f lgb]z { gM
sfnf]kf6L jf sf8{af]8{df vl08t ul/Psf !, @, #, $, %, ^, & / * n]lvPsf] 7fp“df tfnL
lb“b} /fli6«o uLt cEof; ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
-gf]6 M /fli6«o uLt ufp“bf :yfgLo jf s'g} klg nonfO{ cfwf/ dfgL cEof; u/fpg ;Sg'xG' 5 ._
d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 83
 d ufp“ vfg] sljtf ufp“5'

emg\ hlt tfR5f} emg\ plt 7"nf] b]lvG5 a9]sf]

gtf5];Dd h:tfsf] t:t} Tof] x'G5 /x]sf]
s] xf]nf To:tf] s'g rflx“ j:t' elgb]p dnfO{
geg] b]lv d} elglbG5' ufp“ b]pm dnfO{

Zofd
cgf}7f] nfUof] of] ltd|f] k|Zg ;'Gb}df dnfO{
´g tf5\of} eg] ´g 7"nf] x'g] pN6f] 5 egfO
t}klg ;f]rL ug]/ eG5' s] rflx“ /x]5
cgf}7f] xf]Og ;fdfGo s'/f ‘vfN8f]’ kf] /x]5 .

/fdfjtf/
lj|mofsnfk

dfly lbOPsf] ufp“vfg] sljtfh:t} cGo ltdLn] ;'gs

] f sljtfx¿
klg ldnfP/ ufpg] cEof; u/ .
lzIfs lgb]z{ gM
;j{ky| d ufp“vfg] sljtfsf] efjfy{ atfOlbg'xf];\ . To;kl5 v08v08 ul/Psf ufp“vfg]
sljtfnfO{ sfnf]kf6L jf sf8{af]8d{ f !, @, #, $, %, ^, & / * n]lvPsf] 7fp“df tfnL lb“b}
;d"xdf uLt ufpg] cEof; u/fpg'xf];\ / kfn}kfnf] Ps hgfnfO{ Zofd / Ps hgfnfO{
/fdfjtf/sf] e"ldsf lbg] / ufpg nufpg] cEof; ug'x{ f];\ .
84 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
 d 3fd 5fof sljtf ufp“5'

slt /fd|f] 5fof slt /fd|f] 3fd

rp/df v]N5g\ b'j} Ps} 7fp“
vf]nfjfl/af6 vf]nfkfl/ t5{g\
8f“8f jfl/kfl/ n'sfdf/L u5{g\
h;} 3fd a:5 g/dfOnf] dfgL
p8L cfp“5] 5fof zLtn kª\v tfgL
h;} 5fof a:5] ljgf sf]/Laf6L
clg cfp“5 3fd sfnf] d]3 sf6L

lzIfs lgb]z{ gM
;j{ky| d sljtfsf] efjfy{ atfOlbg'xf];\ . To;kl5 v08v08 ul/Psf sljtfnfO{ sfnf]kf6L jf
sf8{af]8{df !, @, #, $, %, ^, & / * n]lvPsf 7fp“df tfnL lb“b} ;d"xdf uLt ufpg] cEof;
u/fpg'xf];\ . af“sL ufpg] cEof; klg u/fpg'xf];\ .
d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 85
 kf7 – $ tfndf tfnL ahfcf}“
* dfqfsf] tfndf tfnL ahfcf}“ .
-s_ ! @ # $ % ^ & *
tfnL tfnL tfnL tfnL tfnL tfnL tfnL tfnL
-v_ !,@ #,$ %,^ &,*
(

tfnL tfnL tfnL (

tfnL
(

(
(

lj|mofsnfk

;ª\st] cg';f/ tfnLsf] cEof; u/ .

lzIfs lgb]z { gM
;ª\st] cg';f/ tfnLsf] af/Daf/ cEof; ug{ nufpg'xf];\ . cEof; ug]{ j|mddf * dfqfsf] sx/jf
tfn xf] egL ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg'xf];\ . s'g} klg kf7 ;'? ug'e{ Gbf cufl8 ljBfyL{x¿nfO{
;d"xdf s]xL l5g eP klg ;/ud cEof; ug{ nufpg'xf];,\ h:t}M
-s_ cf/f]x M ;f /] u d k w gL ;f+
cj/f]x M ;f gL w k d u /] ;f
-v_ cf/f]x M ;f/]u–, /]ud–, udk–, dkw–, kwgL–, wgL;f+–,
cj/f]x M ;f+gLw–, gLwk–, wkd–, kdu–, du/]–, u/];f–,
-u_ cf/f]x M ;f;f;f /]//] ] uuu ddd kkk www gLgLgL ;f+;f+;f++
cj/f]x M ;f+;f+;f+ gLgLgL www kkk ddd uuu /]//] ] ;f;f;f
gf]6 M :j/ cEof; u/fpbf cfk"mnfO{ ;lhnf] x'g] :j/nfO{ ;f dfg]/ j|mdzM :j/nfO{ r9fpb} ;f= /]=u=d=k=
w= lg= ;f /] u d k w lg ;f+ /+] u+ d+ k+ w+ lg+ ubf{ dflyNnf] ufpg ;f+ ;Dd cf/f]x nufpg'xf];\ . o;
j|mddf dflyNnf] ;f+ af6 cj/f]x ubf{ j|mdzM :j/nfO{ nt ´fb}{ cfpg'xf];\ .
86 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
 d dfbn ahfp“5'
-s_ VofnL
dfqf ! @ # $ % ^ & *
af]n lw“– gtL gs lw“gf lw“ gtL gs lw“gf

-v_ sx/jf
dfqf ! @ # $ % ^ & *
af]n wfu] gtL gs lwgf wfu] gtL gs lw“gf
(

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-s_ dfly lbOPsf] af]nnfO{ cEof; u/ .
-v_ o;/L oL af]nx¿nfO{ af/Daf/ cEof; u/ .
-u_ oL af]nx¿nfO{ dfbn ahfP/ klg cEof; ug]{ sf]l;; u/ .
lzIfs lgb]z{ gM
;j{ky| d lzIfsn] dflysf ;ª\st] cg';f/ dfbndf ahfP/ b]vfpg] / ;f]xLcg'¿k ljBfyL{x¿nfO{
;d"xdf jf Psn cEof; ug{ nufpg'xf];\ . dflysf] -s_ dfbnsf] af]n / -v_ 9f]ns jf
tanfsf] af]n xf] egL ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ hfgsf/L lbg'xf];\ .
d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 87
 kf7 – % uf]8f / s'sR{' rfsf] rfn

d uf]8f;“u} s'sR{' rf klg rnfp“5' .

bfof“ uf]8f;“u} s'sR{' rf rnfPsf] afof“ uf]8f;“u} s'sR{' rf rnfPsf]

lj|mofsnfk
uf]8f;“u s'sR{' rf klg rnfpg] cEof; u/ .
lzIfs lgb]z{ gM
– ;j{k|yd ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ kª\lStdf cyf{t\ ;d -;ts{sf]_ cj:yfdf pEofpg'xf];\ . b'j} xft
sDd/df /fVg nufO{ ! / @ uGtLdf bfof“ uf]8fsf] s'sR{' rfn] afof“ uf]8fsf] a"9Lcf}n“ feGbf s]xL
cufl8 sl/a $ OGr e'Od“ f xfGg nufpg'xf];\ .
– of] lj|mofsnfk ubf{ sDd/eGbf dflysf] efu bfof“lt/ e'msfpg], # uGtLdf bfof“ uf]8fsf]
k}tfnfn] cfk\mgf] klxn] 7fp“df xfGg] / cfk\mgf] z/L/ ;Lwf /fvL $ uGtLdf afof“ uf]8fsf]
k}tfnfn] cfk\mg} 7fp“df xfGg nufpg'xf];\ .
– of] lj|mofsnfk af/Daf/ u/fpg'xf];,\ ;fy} 8Dk'm cyjf dfbnsf] $ dfqfsf] tfndf klg cEof;
u/fpg'xf];\ .
– bfof“ uf]8faf6 /fd|/L ug{ hfg]kl5 afof“ uf]8faf6 klg ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
– of] uf]8f / s'sR{' rfsf] rfn g]kfnL nf]sg[To tfdfª ;]nf]df a9L k|of]u x'G5 .
88 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
 uf]8f;“u} xftsf] rfn

d uf]8fsf] s'sR{' rf ;“u;“u} xft klg rnfp“5' .

lj|mofsnfk

lrqdf h:t} lz/df xft /fvL uf]8fsf] s'sR{' rfn] bfof“lt/ ´'s/] e'Od“ f xfGg]
cEof; u/ .

lzIf0f lgb]z{ gM
– ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ ;dsf] cj:yfdf pEofO{ b'j} xft lz/df sfgeGbf clns dfly /fvL bfof“lt/
´'s/] !–@ uGtLdf bfof“ uf]8fsf] s'sR{' rfn] afof“ uf]8fsf] a"9L cf}n“ feGbf sl/a $ OGr hlt
cufl8 xfGg] / # uGtLdf bfof“ uf]8fsf] k}tfnfn]] cfk\mgf] klxn]sf] 7fp“df xfGg nufpg'xf];\ .
$ uGtLdf lz/df /fv]sf] xft sDd/df /fVg nufpg'xf];\ .
– of] lj|mofsnfk af/Daf/ u/fpg'k5{ ;fy} 8Dk'm cyjf dfbnsf] $ dfqf !, @, # / $ df klg
ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
– of] lj|mofsnfk bfof“ uf]8faf6 /fd|/L ug{ hfg]kl5 afof“ uf]8faf6 klg ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 89
 xftn] k"mn agfO{ uf]8fsf] rfn

d xftn] k"mn agfO{ uf]8f pkmfg{ ;S5' .

lj|mofsnfk

lrqdf h:t} b'j} xftn] k"mn agfO{ cfk\mgf] lz/dfly /fvL uf]8f pkmfg]{ cEof; u/ .

lzIf0f lgb]z{ gM
– ;a} ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ kª\lStdf ;d -;ts{sf]_ cj:yfdf pEofO{ b'j} xftn] k"mnh:tf] agfO{
cfk\mgf] lz/dfly ;Lwf /fVg nufpg'xf];\ . ca ! uGtLdf bfof“ uf]8fn] cfk\mgf] cufl8 hldgdf
sl/a !) OGr dflylt/ kmfNg] / # uGtLdf cfk\mg} klxnfsf] 7fp“df la;fpg nufpg'xf];\ . #
uGtLdf afof“ uf]8f bfof“ uf]8f pkmf/]h:t} u/L pkmfg]{ / $ uGtLdf afof“ uf]8f cfk\mgf] 7fp“df
la;fO{ b'j} xft sDd/df /fVg nuffpg'xf];\ .
– of] lj|mofsnfk dfbnsf] $ dfqfsf] tfndf u/fpg'xf];\ .
– klxn] of] lj|mofsnfk u/fp“bf dfbnsf] la:tf/} tfnsf] nodf u/fO{{ j|mdzM dfbnsf] no a9fp“b}
nuL l56f]l56f] klg ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
90 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
 uf]8fsf] cufl8 k5fl8 rfn
d xftn] k"mn agfO{ lz/dfly /fvL uf]8f pkmfb}{ cufl8 k5fl8 ;g{ ;S5' .

! *
@ &
# ^
$ %
% $
^ #
& @
* !
cufl8 ;/]sf] k5fl8 ;/]sf]

lj|mofsnfk
lrqdf b]vfPh:t} b'j} xftn] k"mn agfO{ lz/dfly /fvL kfn}kfnf]l;t bfof“afof“
uf]8f cufl8 k5fl8 ;g]{ cEof; u/ .

lzIf0f lgb]z{ gM
– ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ kª\lStdf pEofpg] b'j} xftn] k"mn agfO{ lz/dfly /fVg] . ! uGtLdf bfof“ uf]8f
hldgeGbf sl/a !) OGr dfly pkmfg]{ . @ uGtLdf cln cufl8 ;/]/ uf]8f la;fpg] . #
uGtLdf afof“ uf]8f pkmfg]{ / $ uGtLdf cln cufl8 ;/]/ uf]8f la;fpg nufpg'xf];\ . b'j} xft
sDd/df /fvL * uGtL;Dd cufl8 ;g{ tyf k5fl8 klg * uGtL;Dd ;g{ nufpg'xf];\ .
– of] lj|mofsnfknfO{ dfbnsf] * dfqfdf cufl8 / * dfqfdf k5fl8 ;g{] cEof; u/fpg'xf];\ .
d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 91
 kf7 – ^ x:td'bf|
x]/, lrg / u/ M

d'7L ;"rL

lzv/ gfu

cw{rGb| x+;f:o

ktfs l;+xd'v
lj|mofsnfk
lrqdf b]vfPh:t} ljleGg x:td'bf| x¿sf] cEof; u/ .
{ gM
lzIf0f lgb]z
– oL x:td'bf| x¿af/] hfgsf/L lbO{ k|bz{g;d]t u/]/ b]vfpg'xf];\ .
– dfly b]vfPsf] ljleGg x:td'bf| x¿sf] cEof; u/fO{ g[Tox¿df ;d]t o;sf] k|of]u u/fpg'xf];\ .
92 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
 kf7 – & d ljleGg s'/fsf] clego u5{'
d]/f] g]kfnL lstfasf] kfgf g+= % df /x]sf 9'ªu\ fsf] lvr8L eGg]
kf7sf] syfdf /x]sf ljleGg JolStx¿sf] rl/qdf cfwfl/t ljleGg
rl/qx¿sf] clego u/ .
‘‘ vfg]sf' /sf] s]xL lrGtf lng'kb}g{
cfd} Û cfh d 9'ªu\ f ksfP/
vfp“nf .’’
9'ªu\ f ksfP/ vfp“nf /] Û
9'ªu\ fsf] lvr8L
s:tf] x“b' f] xf] Û Û

lj|mofsnfk

-s_ 9'ªu\ fsf] lvr8L eGg] syfnfO{ /fd|/L k9 / o;df /x]sf ljleGg kfqdWo]
ltdLnfO{ dg kg]{ kfq lnO{ ;fyL;“u ldn]/ clego u/ .
-v_ o:t} k|sf/sf cGo syf, sljtf jf gf6sdf klg clego u/ .
-u_ ltdLnfO{ dg kg]{ jf dg k/]sf] s'g} syf jf gf6ssf] /rgf u/L clego
klg ug{ ;S5f} u/ .
{ gM
lzIf0f lgb]z
– sIff @ df ePsf clegosf] lj|mofsnfkx¿sf] k'g/fj[lQ ug{x' f];\ .
– ;DalGwt kf7x¿nfO{ gf6sLo 9ª\un] k|:t't ug{ ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ k|l] /t u/L kfqcg';f/ km]/abn
u/L clego u/fpg'xf];\ . pgLx¿n] u/]sf clegosf] ;/fgf u/L cfjZos lgb]z { g klg lbg
;lsG5 . ljleGg k|sf/sf /rgfx¿df klg clego u/fpg'xf];\ .
d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 93