DESIGN OF RETAINING WALL (WITH FULL HEIGHT FILL) FOR

HEIGHT = 5.0m
(FOR BRIDGES AND STRUCTURES)

INDEX

Sr. No. Items

1 Input Data

2 Earth Pressure Calculation

3 Stability of Foundation

4 Design of Foundation

5 Servicibility Check of Foundation

6 Design of Wall

7 Servicibility Check of Wall

Design Input:

Design Length of Wall = 1.000 m

Skew Angle of Bridge = 0.000 Degree SIN θ = 0.000
= 0.000 Radians COS θ = 1.000

0.500 m 100.00 m (Retaining Wall top Level)

2.200m

Back Fill 3.000 m

4.700 m 4.500 m
Stem
H

GL RL. 97.000m

2.000 m

0.500m 0.500m
0.300m Heel Toe Foundation Level
0.30m RL 95.000m
2.200m 0.500m 1.100m

Levels
Top of wall = 100.000m (Assumed)
Wall shaft top level = 100.000m
HFL (Considering Submergence upto GL) = 100.000m
Ground level/LBL = 97.000m
Foundation level = 95.000m
Shaft bottom level = 95.500m
Coeff. Of Friction m = 0.5
Top of wall - FND LVL. H = 5.000m

Bearing Capacity
2
SBC of soil-Normal Case = 150 kN/m

Factor of Safety
Permissible FOS against Sliding = 1 (Normal Case)
Permissible FOS against Overturning = 1 (Normal Case)

Dimension of Wall
Thickness of Wall shaft at Top = 0.500m 0.500m
Thickness of Wall shaft at Bottom = 0.500m 0.500m

Dimension of Foundation
Total Width of Footing = 3.800m
Width of Toe Slab = 1.100m
Width of Heel Slab = 2.200m
Thickness of Toe slab at tip = 0.300m
Thickness of Toe slab near shaft = 0.500m
Thickness of heel slab at tip = 0.300m
Thickness of heel slab near shaft = 0.500m

Properties of backfill material :

Coeff. of cohesion c = 0
angle of friction f = 30 degree
Slope of soil considered for design b = 0.00 degree
Equivalent height of live load surcharge = 1.2 m
Material Specification

Concrete Grade = M 30
Characteristic Compressive Strength of Concrete,fck = 30.00 Mpa at 28 days
Design Compressive strength of Concrete, fcd = 13.40 Mpa at 28 days (0.67/1.5 * fck)

Tensile strength of concrete , fctm = 2.50 MPa

Strain at reaching Characteistic Strength, ec2 = 0.02
Ultimate Strain, ecu2 = 0.035
2
Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete ( Ec ) = 27386.13 N/mm ( 5000 x sqrt ( fck )
Ecm = 31186.574 N/mm2

Steel Grade = Fe 500 (HYSD Steel)

Yield Strength of Reinforcement, fy or fyk = 500 MPa
Design Yield Strength of Reinforcement, fyd = 434.78 MPa (1/1.15 * fy)
Modulus of Elasticity of Steel ( Es) = 200000.00 Mpa

Dry weight of Concrete = 25 kN/m3

Dry unit weight of soil = 20 kN/m3 ( Dry Soil)

Permissible Crack Width

= 0.3 mm - For Moderate Exposure Condition
Maximum compressive stress in concrete under rare = 0.48 fck
combination
= 14.4 N/mm2
Maximum tensile stress in steel under rare combination = 300 N/mm2
VOLUME CALCULATION
C.G. Of Footing = 1.900 m
C.G. Of shaft from toe tip = 1.350 m
C.G. Of Footing from C.G. of Shaft = 0.550 m

Ecc.(eL) Ecc.(eL1)
Ecc.(eL2) @
Description No. LENGTH WIDTH HEIGHT VOLUME @ abut. @ c.g.of
Toe
Shaft footing
m m m m^3 m m m
Shaft above HFL 1 1.00 0.500 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.550 -1.350
Shaft below HFL 1 1.00 0.500 4.500 2.250 0.000 0.550 -1.350

Footing
Heel Slab 1 1.00 2.200 0.400 0.880 -0.708 -2.608
Toe Slab 1 1.00 1.100 0.400 0.440 1.304 -0.596
Portion between Heel and Toe 1 1.00 0.500 0.500 0.250 0.550 -1.350

Back filling above HFL over Heel Slab 1 1.00 2.200 0.000 0.000 -0.800 -2.700
Back filling below HFL over Heel Slab 1 1.00 2.200 4.600 10.120 -0.808 -2.708
Front Filling over Toe Slab 0 1.00 1.100 1.600 0.000 1.361 -0.539

Back fill above HFL on flared portion of stem 1 1.00 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Back fill below HFL on flared portion of stem 0.5 1.00 0.000 4.500 0.000 0.000 0.000

L eL eL1 eL2
RCC Railing/Parapet Wall Weight/Crash Barrier 1 5.00 kN/m 1.000 5.00kN 0.250 0.800 -1.100
Load Factors (As per IRC:6-2017)

Table B.1 Partial Safety Factor For Verification of Equilibrium

-Refer Table B.1 of IRC:6-2017

Basic Combination
Loads
Overturning or Sliding Restoring or Resisting

Dead Laod+SIDL except wearing course 1.100 0.900

Wearing Course only 1.350 1.000

Back Filling Weight 1.100 0.900

Earth Pressure due to back filling 1.500 1.000

Live Load Surcharge 1.200 0.000

Table B.2 Partial Safety Factor For Verification of Structural Strength: Ultimate Limit State

-Refer Table B.2 of IRC:6-2017

Loads Basic Combination

Dead Laod+SIDL except wearing course 1.350

Wearing Course only 1.750

Back Filling Weight 1.500

Earth Pressure due to back filling 1.500

Live Load Surcharge 1.200

Table B.3 Partial Safety Factor For Verification of Servicibilty Limit State
-Refer Table B.3 of IRC:6-2017

Quasi-Permanent
Loads Rare Combination Frequent Combination
Combination

Dead Laod+SIDL 1.000 1.00 1.00

Surfacing 1.200 1.20 1.20

Back Filling Weight 1.000 1.00 1.00

Shrinkage Creep Effect 1.000 1.00 1.00

Earth Pressure due to back filling 1.000 1.000 1.000

Live Load Surcharge 0.800 0.00 0.00

Table B.4 Partial Safety Factor For Design of Foundation

-Refer Table B.4 of IRC:6-2017

Loads Basic Combination

Dead Laod+SIDL except wearing course 1.350

Wearing Course only 1.750

Back Filling Weight 1.350

Earth Pressure due to back filling 1.500

Live Load Surcharge 1.200

Earth Pressure : Normal Saturated case

Properties of backfill material : c = 0

f = 30 degree 0.524 radians
a' = 90.00 degree 1.571 radians for stem design
q1 = 90.00 degree 1.571 radians for stability
b = 0 0.000 radians
d' = 20.0 degree 0.349 radians for stem design
d = 20.0 degree 0.349 radians for stability
Kah = 0.297 active component 0.2973 active component
(for stem design) (for stability)
3
g = 20 kN/m

Equivalent Live Load Surcharge height = 1.2 m

Assuming
100.000 (Deck Level)

Height of Shaft = 4.500 m

F1 Total Height of Foundation= 5.000 m
Height for curtailment 2.100 m

4.500
F2

26.758 7.136
95.500 shaft bottom level

F4 29.73 F3 7.136 0.500 95 Foundation Lvl.

Earth Pressure Diagram

Horizontal Forces and Moments @ RL 95.500 m (at Shaft Base)

@ RL 95.000 m (at Foundation Level)
Due to Live Load Surcharge
Intensity for = 0.297 x 20 x 1.2 = 7.136 kN/m^2 (Shaft)
0.297 x 20 x 1.2 = 7.136 kN/m^3 (footing)
rectangular portion
F1 = 7.136 x 4.500 x 1.000 x cos δ' = 30.173 kN
M1 = 30.173 x 2.25 = 67.890 kN.m at Shaft Bottom

F 7.136 x 2.100 x 1.000 x cos δ' = 14.081

M 14.081 x 1.05 = 14.785 kN.m for curtailment

(considered same as shaft horizontal force and have been

F3 = transferred to foundation level 30.173 kN
M3 = 30.173 x 2.75 = 82.977 kN.m at Foundation

Due to Active Earth Pressure

Intensity for triangular portion (At Shaft bottom level)

= 0.297 x 20 x 4.500 = 26.758 kN/m^2

F2 = 0.5 x 26.76 x 4.500 x 1.00 x cos δ' =

= 56.575 kN

(Centre of pressure considered at an elevation of 0.42m of the height of the shaft as per cl. 217.1 of IRC:6-2017)
M2 = 56.58 x 1.89 = 106.927 kN.m at Shaft Bottom

Intensity for triangular portion (for curtailment)

= 0.297 x 20 x 2.100 = 12.487 kN/m^2

F2 = 0.5 x 12.49 x 2.100 x 1.00 x cos δ'

= 12.321 kN

(Centre of pressure considered at an elevation of 0.42m of the height of the shaft as per cl. 217.1 of IRC:6-2017)

M2 = 12.32 x 1.16 = 14.231 kN.m for curtailment

Intensity for triangular portion (At Foundation level)

= 0.297 x 20 x 5.000 = 29.731 kN/m^2
F4 = 56.575 kN

M4 = 56.58 x 2.39 = 135.215 kN.m at Foundation

Force Due To Fluid Pressure

3
As per Cl. 214.1 of IRC :6 -2017 g fluid = 4.8 kN/m

Intensity for triangular portion (At Shaft bottom level)

= 4.800 x 4.500 = 21.600 kN/m^2

F = 0.5 x 21.600 x 4.500 x 1.000 =

= 48.600 kN

M = 48.60 x 1.500 = 72.900 kN.m at Shaft Bottom

Intensity for triangular portion (At Foundation level)

= 4.800 x 5.000 = 24.00 kN/m^2

F = 0.5 x 24.000 x 5.00 x 1.000 =

= 60.000 kN

M = 60.00 x 1.667 = 100.000 kN.m at Foundation

Summary of Moment and Horizontal Force

MOMENTS HORIZONTAL FORCE

At Shaft Bottom At Foundation Lvl At Shaft Bottom Lvl At Foundation Lvl

kN-m kN-m kN kN
Due to active Earth Pressure 106.927 135.215 56.575 56.575

Due to Minimum Fluid Pressure 72.900 100.000 48.600 60.000

Governing of Two 106.927 135.215 56.575 60.000

Due to Live Load Surcharge 67.890 82.977 30.173 30.173

Stability Check of Foundation
Foundation Lvl = 95.000 m

Properties of Footing Base:

B L
A = 3.800 x 1.000 = 3.800 m2
ZL = 1.000 x 2.407 = 2.407 m3
ZT = 3.800 x 0.167 = 0.633 m3

Case 1 : Normal Dry Case

For SBC Calculation For Equilibrium Calculation
Vertical Vertical Long. Ecc. ML@toe =
Load Unit Weights 3 Long. Ecc. ML = PxeL1
Loads Volume (m ) Load( P ) Load Factor Load( P ) (eL2) @ PxeL2
Factor (kN/m3) (eL1) (m) (kNm)
kN. kN. Toe (m) (kNm)
Shaft 1 25 2.250 56.250 0.550 30.938 0.900 50.625 -1.350 -68.344
Back filling over heel slab 1 20 10.120 202.400 -0.800 -161.920 0.900 182.160 -2.700 -491.832
Back filling on flared portion of
1 20 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
shaft 0.900
Front Filling over toe slab 1 20 0.000 0.000 1.361 0.000 0.900 0.000 -0.539 0.000
RCC Railing or Crash Barrier 1 5.000 0.800 4.000 0.900 4.500 -1.100 -4.950
Heel slab 1 25 0.880 22.000 -0.708 -15.583 0.900 19.800 -2.608 -51.645
Toe slab 1 25 0.440 11.000 1.304 14.346 0.900 9.900 -0.596 -5.899
portion between heel & toe 1 25 0.250 6.250 0.550 3.438 0.900 5.625 -1.350 -7.594
Vertical Components of active
earth pressure 1 0.000 -1.900 0.000 0.900 0.000 -3.800 0.000
Vertical Components of LL
Surcharge 1 0.000 -1.900 0.000 0.900 0.000 -3.800 0.000
Total 302.900 -124.783 272.610 -630.263

For Safe Bearing Capacity Calculation :

load factor
Moment due to active earth pressure = 1.00 x 135.215 = 135.215 kNm
Moment due to Live load surcharge = 1.00 x 82.977 = 82.977 kNm
218.192

P 302.900 KN
ML 93.409 kNm
MT 0.000 kNm
A 3.800 m2
ZL 2.407 m3
ZT 0.633 m3
P/A+ML/ZL+MT/ZT (Max) 118.523 kN/m2 SAFE
P/A-ML/ZL-MT/ZT (Min) 40.898 kN/m2 SAFE

Check Against Sliding:

load factor
Due to Earth pressure = 1.5 x 60.000 = 90.000 KN
Due to Live load Surcharge = 1.2 x 30.173 = 36.208 KN
126.208

Total Sliding Force = 126.208 KN

Total Restoring Force = mP + c.A + Fp = 0.5 x 272.610 + 0.000 = 136.305 KN

FOS against sliding = 1.080 > 1 SAFE

Check Against Overturning

load factor
Moment due to active earth pressure = 1.5 x 135.215 = 202.822 kNm
Moment due to Live load surcharge = 1.2 x 82.977 = 99.572 kNm
302.394

Overturning Moment = 302.394 kNm

Restoring Moment = S P.eToe+ Mp = 630.263 kNm

FOS against overturnng = 2.084 > 1 SAFE

Design of Foundation
Foundation Lvl = 95.00 m

Properties of Footing Base:

A = 3.800 m2
ZL = 2.407 m3
ZT = 0.633 m3

Case 1 : Normal Dry Case

Vertical
Load Unit Weights Long. Ecc. ML = PxeL1
Loads 3 Volume (m3) Load( P )
Factor (kN/m ) (eL1) (m) (kNm)
kN.
Shaft 1.35 25 2.250 75.938 0.550 41.766
Back filling over heel slab 1.35 20 10.120 273.240 -0.800 -218.592
Back filling on flared portion of shaft 1.35 20 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Front Filling over toe slab 1.35 20 0.000 0.000 1.361 0.000
RCC Railing or Crash Barrier 1.35 6.750 0.800 5.400
Heel slab 1.35 25 0.880 29.700 -0.708 -21.038
Toe slab 1.35 25 0.440 14.850 1.304 19.367
portion between heel & toe 1.35 25 0.250 8.438 0.550 4.641
Vertical Components of active earth
pressure 1.35 0.000 -1.900 0.000
Vertical Components of LL Surcharge 1.35 0.000 -1.900 0.000
Total 408.915 -168.456

load factor
Moment due to active earth pressure = 1.5 x 135.215 = 202.822 kNm
Moment due to Live load surcharge = 1.2 x 82.977 = 99.572 kNm
302.394

P 408.915 KN
ML 133.938 kNm
MT 0.000 kNm
A 3.800 m2
ZL 2.407 m3
ZT 0.633 m3
P/A+ML/ZL+MT/ZT (Max) 163.262 kN/m2
P/A-ML/ZL-MT/ZT (Min) 51.956 kN/m2

Normal Dry Normal HFL Seismic Seismic HFL

Case Case Dry Case Case
Max 163.262 0.000 0.000 0.000
Ultimate Base Pressure (kN/m2 )
Min 51.956 0.000 0.000 0.000

section for Shear

section at deff for Shear
3.80

Heel Toe

2.2 0.5 1.1

2
Normal Dry Case 163.262 98.82 84.176 51.956 kN/m

Heel Slab - Moment Calculation

2
Average Base Pressure for Design of Heel Slab = 131.042 kN/m

Upward moment due to Base pressure = 317.122 kNm/m

factor
Downward moment due to backfill = 1.35 x 10.120 / 1.000 x 20 x 1.100
= 300.564 kNm/m
Downward moment due to self weight of Heel
= slab 1.35 x 0.880 / 1.000 x 25 x 1.008
= 29.948 kNm/m

Net Moment at face of shaft = 317.122 -300.564 -29.948 = -13.390 kNm/m Tension at Top of Heel Slab

Heel Slab - Shear Calculation at Face of Wall

Shear Force due to upward pressure at Face of wall = 131.042 x 2.200 x 1 = 288.292 KN
factor
Downward Force due to backfill = 1.35 x 10.120 x 20 = 273.240 KN
Downward Force due to self weight of Heel slab = 1.35 x 0.880 x 25 = 29.700 KN

Net Shear Force = 288.292 -273.240 -29.700 = -14.648 KN

Net Shear Force / unit meter = -14.648 / 1.000 = 14.648 KN/m

Toe Slab - Moment Calculation

Average Base Pressure for Design of Toe Slab
2
= 68.066 kN/m

Upward moment due to Base pressure = 41.180 kNm/m

Downward moment due to self weight of Toe=slab 1.35 x 0.44 / 1.000 x 25 x 0.504
= 7.4869 kNm/m

Net Moment at face of shaft = 41.180 -7.487 = 33.693 kNm/m Tension at Bottom of Toe Slab
Toe Slab - Shear Calculation at deff from Face of Wall
For shear, critical section is assumed to be located at a distance equal to effective depth from face of wall

Depth of slab at critical section = 0.424 m

effective depth at critical section = 0.343 m
Base pressure at deff from face of wall = 71.903 kN/m2
upward shear force due to base pressure = 61.930 x 0.681 x 1.000 = 42.174 KN
C.g. Of base pressure = 6.231 m
moment due to upward pressure at critical section = 262.794 kNm
tanb = 0.182
reduction in shear force ( Vccd ) = M tanb = 112.739 KN
d
Downward force due to self weight of toe slab = 1.35 x 0.362 x 0.681 x 1.000 x 25
= 8.318 KN

Net Shear Force at deff = 42.174 - 8.318 - 112.739 = -78.882 KN

Net Shear Force / unit meter = -78.882 / 1.000 = -78.882 KN/m
Design Input :
Design length = 1000 mm
Clear Cover For Foundation = 75 mm

Grade of Concrete for Footing = M 30

fck = 30.00 N/mm2
fctm = 2.50 N/mm2
Ec = 27386.13 N/mm2
Grade of Reinforcement Steel = Fe 500 ( HYSD Bars)
2
fy or fyk = 500.00 N/mm
fyd = 434.78 N/mm2 (fy/1.15)
Es = 200000.00 N/mm2
Flexural Reinforcement Calculation:
Heel Slab Toe Slab
Ultimate bending moment,Mu (kNm/m) = 13.39 33.69
Effective depth required (dreq) (mm) = 51.70 82.01
Effective depth provided (dpro) (mm) = 419.00 419.00
Check for provided depth = SAFE SAFE
R = Mu/(b d2) = 0.08 0.19
Total depth provided (mm) = 500.00 500.00
Limiting depth of neutral axis (mm) = 258.46 258.46
Actual depth of neutral axis (mm) = 36.42 36.42
Check for Neutral axis depth = OK OK
Lever arm (z) , mm = 403.85 403.85
Moment of Resistance w.r.to steel = 158.87 158.87
Check for Moment Capacity = SAFE SAFE
Ast reqd ( mm2 / m) = 87.93 222.26
cl. 16.6.1 (2) of IRC :112-2011
AS.min = 0.26 fctm bt d / fyk >= 0.0013 bt d = 544.83 544.83
Governing Ast ( mm2 / m) = 544.83 544.83
Tension Reinforcement
Dia (mm) = 12.00 12.00
Spacing (mm) = 250.00 250.00
+ Dia (mm) = 12.00 12.00
Spacing (mm) = 250.00 250.00
Ast provided ( mm2 / m) = 904.78 904.78
Check for Ast provided = OK OK
As per Clause 16.6.1.1. of IRC:112-2011 , Secondary Reinforcement shall be at least 20 % of the main
reinforcement
Secondary Reinforcement (mm2/m) = 180.96 180.96
Dia (mm) = 10.00 10.00
Spacing (mm) = 200.00 200.00
Ast provided ( mm2 /m) = 392.70 392.70
Check for Ast provided = OK OK
Shear Reinforcement Calculation:
Heel Slab Toe Slab
Ultimate Shear Force (VEd) = 14.648 -78.882 kN/m
Ast provided = 904.779 904.78 mm2/m
Depth of slab at critical section = 500.000 423.818 mm
Effective depth at critical section = 419.000 342.818 mm
percentage of steel provided (r1) = 0.0018 0.0021
cl. 10.3.1 of IRC :112-2011
r1 = Asl/(bw d) <= 0.02 = OK OK
Actual shear stress=vED = (VEd/b*0.9d) = 0.039 -0.256 N/mm2
Max shear capacity, 0.135 fck(1-fck/310) = 3.658 3.658 N/mm2
Depth Check for Shear Resistance = SAFE SAFE
cl. 10.3.2(2) Eq. 10.2 of IRC :112-2010
K = 1+Sqrt(200/d) <= 2.0 = 1.691 1.764
cl. 10.3.2(2) Eq. 10.3 of IRC :112-2010
nmin = 0.031 K3/2 fck1/2 = 0.373 0.398 N/mm2
0.12 K (80 r1 fck)0.33 = 0.329 0.363 N/mm2
scp = NEd / Ac <= 0.2 fcd = 0.000 0.000
cl. 10.3.2(2) Eq. 10.1 of IRC :112-2010
V Rd.c = [0.12K(80ρ1 fck)0.33 + 0.15σcp]bwd
subjected to minimum ( n min + 0.15 scp) = 156.426 166.653 kN
bw d

Check for Shear Reinforcement OK, No shear reinf. Req. OK, No shear reinf. Req.
SLS CHECK OF FOUNDATION
Foundation Lvl = 95.000 m

Properties of Footing Base:

A = 3.800 m2
ZL = 2.407 m3
ZT = 0.633 m3

Creep Coeff = 1.2 For Dry atmosperic condition

Ecm = 31186.57 N/mm2

Es = 200000.00 N/mm2
Eceff = Ecm = 1.42E+04
(1 + ø )

Modular Ratio (m) = Es/ Eceff = 14.11

Case 1 : Normal Dry Case

Load Unit Weights Vertical Long. Ecc. (eL1) ML = PxeL1

Loads 3 Volume (m3)
Factor (kN/m ) Load( P ) kN. (m) (kNm)

Shaft 1 25 2.250 56.250 0.550 30.938

Back filling over heel slab 1 20 10.120 202.400 -0.800 -161.920
Back filling on flared portion of shaft 1 20 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Front Filling over toe slab 1 20 0.000 0.000 1.361 0.000
RCC Railing or Crash Barrier 1 5.000 0.800 4.000
Heel slab 1 25 0.880 22.000 -0.708 -15.583
Toe slab 1 25 0.440 11.000 1.304 14.346
portion between heel & toe 1 25 0.250 6.250 0.550 3.438
Total 302.90 -124.783

load factor
Moment due to active earth pressure = 1.0 x 135.215 = 135.215 kNm
Moment due to Live load surcharge = 0.8 x 82.977 = 66.382 kNm
201.596

P 302.900 KN
ML 76.814 kNm
MT 0.000 kNm
A 3.800 m2
ZL 2.407 m3
ZT 0.633 m3
P/A+ML/ZL+MT/ZT (Max) 111.628 kN/m2
P/A-ML/ZL-MT/ZT (Min) 47.793 kN/m2

Normal Dry Normal HFL

Case Case
Max 111.628 0.000
Base Pressure (kN/m2 )
Min 47.793 0.000

section for Shear

section at deff for Shear
3.80

Heel Toe

2.2 0.5 1.1

2
Normal Dry Case 111.628 74.67 66.272 47.793 kN/m

Heel Slab - Moment Calculation

2
Average Base Pressure for Design of Heel Slab = 93.149 kN/m

Upward moment due to Base pressure = 225.421 kNm/m

factor
Downward moment due to backfill = 1.00 x 10.12 x 20.00 x 1.10 = 222.640 kNm/m

Downward moment due to self weight of Heel =slab 1.00 x 0.88 x 25.00 x 1.01 = 22.183 kNm/m

Net Moment at face of shaft = 225.421 -222.640 -22.183 = -19.402 kNm/m

Tension at Top of Heel Slab
Toe Slab - Moment Calculation
Average Base Pressure for Design of Toe Slab
2
= 57.033 kN/m

Upward moment due to Base pressure = 34.505 kNm/m

Downward moment due to self weight of Toe slab

= 1.00 x 0.44 x 25.00 x 22.00 = 242.0000 ( Saturated Soil)

Net Moment at face of shaft = 34.505 -242.000 = -207.495 kNm/m

Tension at Top of Slab

Heel Slab Toe Slab

Working bending moment, M = 19.40 -207.50 kNm/m
Dx = 1.00 1.00 m
Dy = 0.50 0.50 m
Section Modulus (ZL) of uncracked section = 0.04 0.04 m3
Bending Stress ( M/ZL) = 0.466 -4.980 N/mm2
Tensile stress of concrete , fctm = 2.501 2.501 N/mm2
Cracked or Uncracked Section = Uncracked Uncracked
Section properties of Cracked section:
Note: Stresses under Service load are usually within Linear Elastic Range hence such analysis involved use of Modulus
ratio.
Clear Cover, c = 75.000 75.000
Maximum dia used, f = 12.000 12.000
Effective Depth deff (dy) = 419.000 419.000 mm
Ast provided = 904.779 904.779 mm2/m
Percentage of steel , pt = 0.0022 0.0022
k=sqrt{ 2 pt *m + (pt*m)^2 } - pt* m = 0.218 0.218
Depth of neutral axis from extreme
Compression face ( yc = k * dy) = 91.447 91.447 mm
Depth of neutral axis from extreme tension
face ( yt = dy-yc) = 327.553 327.553 mm
Depth of neutral axis from c.g. Of tesnion
steel ( ys) = 246.553 246.553 mm
Cracked moment of Inertia (Icr) = Dx *(k * dy)^3/3 + m Ast * (dy - k * dy)^2
Icr = 1.624E+09 1.624E+09 mm4

Maximum compressive stress in concrete = 1.092 -11.680 < 14.4, SAFE

Maximum tensile stress in concrete = 3.912 -41.838
Maximum Tensile stress in steel = 41.545 -444.308 < 300, SAFE

Check For Crack Width

Crack width , Wk = Sr max (εsm - εcm)

Above Formula For Calculation of Sr max is applicable if the spacing between the reinf. is less or equal to 5*(c+φ/2)
5*(c+φ/2) = 405.000 405.000 mm
Provided Spacing = 125.000 125.000 mm
Check for Applicability of Formula = OK OK
0.425 k1 k2 φ
Maximum crack spacing , Sr max = 3.4 c +
r r eff
K1 = 0.800 0.800 for deformed bars
K2 = 0.500 0.500 for bending
depth of neutral axis , yc = 91.447 91.447 mm
r r eff = As/Ac eff = , where Ac,eff =effective area of concrete in tension surrounding the reinf.
hc eff = Min of 2.5 (Dy - dy ) ,Dy - yc/3 ,
Dy/2 = 202.500 202.500 mm
Ac, eff = Dx * hc,eff = 202500.000 202500.000 mm
r r eff = As/Ac eff = 0.004 0.004
Maximum crack spacing , Sr max = 711.576 711.576 mm
σsc - kt fct eff (1 + αe r r eff )
(εsm - εcm) = r r eff / Es
tensile stress in steel, ,ζsc = 41.545 -444.308 N/mm2
Kt = 0.500 0.500
Tensile strength of concrete = fct eff = fctm = 2.501 2.501 N/mm2
αe = Es/Ecm = 6.413 6.413
(εsm - εcm) = -0.001 -0.0037
Crack width , Wk=Sr max (εsm - εcm) = 0.000 0.000
Check = SAFE SAFE
Calculation of Forces For Design of Wall
Wall bottom level = 95.500 m

Case 1 : Normal Dry Case

Unit Weights 3 Vertical Long. Ecc. ML = PxeL

Loads Load Factor 3 Volume (m )
(kN/m ) Load( P ) kN. (eL) (m) (kNm)

Shaft 1.35 25 2.250 75.938 0.000 0.000

RCC Railing or Crash Barrier 1.35 6.750 0.250 1.688
Total 82.688 1.688

Horizontal Force : load factor

Due to Earth pressure = 1.5 x 56.575 = 84.863 KN
Due to Live load Surcharge = 1.2 x 30.173 = 36.208 KN
121.071
Total Horizontal Force = 121.071 KN

Moment Due to Horizontal Force: load factor

Moment due to active earth pressure = 1.5 x 106.927 = 160.391 kNm
Moment due to Live load surcharge = 1.2 x 67.890 = 81.468 kNm
241.859

Total Moment due to Horizontal Force = 241.859 kNm

Summary of Forces:
P 82.688 KN
ML 243.546 kNm
FL 121.071 KN
Design of Wall at bottom :
Material Property:
Grade of Concrete = M 30
2
fck = 30 N/mm
2
fcd = 13.400 N/mm
Grade of steel = Fe 500
2
fy = 500 N/mm
2
fyd = 434.783 N/mm
2
Es = 200000.00 N/mm

Cross section of Wall:

Thickness of Wall (B) = 0.500 m
Depth of Wall (D) = 1.000 m
2
Area of Concrete (Ac) = 0.500 m

Clear Cover to earth faces = 75 mm

Clear Cover to non earth faces = 50 mm
Maximum Dia of Vertical Reinf. = 12 mm
Dia of Horizontal Reinf. = 10 mm

Summary of Design Forces:

P( kN) ML ( kNm) FL ( kN)
Case 1 : Normal Dry Case 82.69 243.55 121.07

MAX 82.69 243.55 121.07

As per Clause 7.6.4.1 of IRC:112-2011

Ultimate axial force (Pu) = 82.69 kN

0.1 fcd Ac = 0.1 x 13.40 x 500000

= 670000 N
= 670 kN

Since Axial Force is less than axial capacity of section , Section will design as
bending element . Neglecting axial force

PART 1: LONGITUDINAL MOMENT : VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT ON EARTH

FACE
Ultimate Design bending moment (ML) = 243.55 kNm = 243.546 kNm/m

Check For Depth of Wall :

Mult = 0.165 x fck x b x d^2
= 243.55 kNm/m

b = 1000.00 mm

Effective Depth Required (dreq) 243.55 x 1000000

= SQRT( )
0.165 x 30.00 x 1000

(dreq) = 221.8137 mm

Total Depth Required ( Dreq) = 302.81 mm

Total Depth Provided (Dprov) = 500.00 mm OK
Effective depth provided(deff) = 419 mm

R= Mu/(b d^2) = 1.39

Minimum Longitudinal Reinforcement in wall on each face
= 0.0012 x bxD -Refer Clause 16.3.1 of IRC:112-2011
2
Ast min = 600.00 mm /m

Area of Steel Required:

pt = Astreq = fck { 1 - sqrt( 1- 4.598 R/fck) }
100 bD 2 fy
= 0.0034
2
Astreq = 1689.824 mm /m

2
Ast required = max( Astmin, Astreq) = 1689.82 mm /m

Provide 12 mm dia @ 180.00 mm c/c =

1745.33 mm2/m OK
Provide 16 mm dia @ 180.00 mm c/c =
Percentage of steel = 0.349 %

Check for Moment of Resistance of Section due to Steel

Limiting Depth of Neutral Axis , Xm = 0.0035 . d
( 0.0035 + fyd/ Es)

= 0.0035 x 419.00
0.0035 + 0.0022

= 258.46 mm
Depth of Neutral Axis , X = fyd . Ast
0.36 . fck . b

= 434.78 x 1745.33
0.36 x 30.00 x 1000.00

= 70.26 mm OK

Lever Arm ( z ) between Compressive Force ( C) and Tensile Force ( T)

z = d - 0.416 . X
= 419.00 - 29.23
= 389.77 mm

Moment of Resistance of Section w.r.t. Steel ( MR)

MR = fyd . Ast . z

= 434.78 x 1745.33 x 389.77

= 2.96E+08 Nmm /m

= 295.77 kNm/m > 243.55 kNm/m

Moment of Resistance of Wall is More than Design Bending Moment , HENCE Wall IS SAFE IN
BENDING

LONGITUDINAL REINFORCEMENT ON NON EARTH FACE

Minimum Longitudinal Reinforcement in wall on each face

Ast min = 296.71 mm2/m

2
Provide 12 mm dia @ 180.00 mm c/c = 628.32 mm /m OK

PART 3 : HORIZONTAL REINFORCEMENT CALCULATION

Horizontal Reinforcement for wall

maximum of following = 0.2500 x 2373.65 = 593.412 As per IRC: 112-2011 , Clause
= 0.001 x 5.00E+05 = 500.000 16.3.2
2
Maximum Horizontal Reinf. 297 mm per meter on each face

Min dia of bar = 0.250 x 12 = 3 mm

or 8 mm

Maximum Spacing between bars

<= 300 mm c/c

2
mm bar @ 10 dia @ 200 c/c = 392.699 mm OK
SLS CHECK OF WALL
Foundation Lvl = 95.500 m

Creep Coeff = 1.2 For Dry atmosperic condition

2
Ecm = 31186.57 N/mm
2
Es = 200000.00 N/mm
Eceff = Ecm = 1.42E+04
(1 + ø )

Modular Ratio (m) = Es/ Eceff = 14.11

Case 1 : Normal Dry Case

Unit Weights Long. Ecc. ML = PxeL

Loads Load Factor Volume (m3) Vertical Load( P ) kN.
(kN/m3) (eL) (m) (kNm)

Shaft 1 25 2.250 56.250 0.000 0.000

RCC Railing or Crash Barrier 1 5.000 0.250 1.250
Total 61.250 1.250

Horizontal Force : load factor

Due to Earth pressure = 1.0 x 56.575 = 56.575 KN
Due to Live load Surcharge = 0.8 x 30.173 = 24.139 KN
Total Horizontal Force = 80.714 KN

Moment Due to Horizontal Force: load factor

Moment due to active earth pressure = 1.0 x 106.927 = 106.927 kNm
Moment due to Live load surcharge = 0.8 x 67.890 = 54.312 kNm
Total Moment due to Horizontal Force = 161.239 kNm

rare Quasi permanent

Summary of Forces: combination combination
P 61.250 61.250 KN
ML 162.489 108.177 kNm
FL 80.714 56.575 KN

Rare combination
Quassi permanent combination
Bending Moment, M = 162.49 108.18 kNm
Dx = 1.00 1.00 m
Dy = 0.50 0.50 m
Section Modulus (ZL) of uncracked section = 0.04 0.04 m3
Bending Stress ( M/ZL) = 3.900 2.596 N/mm2
Tensile stress of concrete , fctm = 2.501 2.501 N/mm2
Cracked or Uncracked Section = Cracked Cracked
Section properties of Cracked section:
Note: Stresses under Service load are usually within Linear Elastic Range hence such analysis involved use of Modulus ratio.

Clear Cover, c = 75.000 75.000 mm

Maximum dia used (Vertical), f = 12.000 12.000 mm
Horizontal Reinf. Dia used = 10.000 10.000 mm
Effective Depth deff (dy) = 419.000 419.000 mm
Ast provided = 1745.329 1745.329 mm2/m
Percentage of steel , pt = 0.0035 0.0035
k=sqrt{ 2 pt *m + (pt*m)^2 } - pt* m = 0.268 0.268
Depth of neutral axis from extreme
Compression face ( yc = k * dy) = 112.474 112.474 mm
Depth of neutral axis from extreme tension
face ( yt = dy-yc) = 306.526 306.526 mm
Depth of neutral axis from c.g. Of tesnion
steel ( ys) = 215.526 215.526 mm
Cracked moment of Inertia (Icr) = Dx *(k * dy)^3/3 + m Ast * (dy - k * dy)^2
Icr = 2.788E+09 2.788E+09 mm4
Maximum compressive stress in
concrete = 6.555 4.364 < 14.4, SAFE
Maximum tensile stress in concrete = 17.865 11.894
Maximum Tensile stress in steel = 177.226 117.988 < 300, SAFE

Check For Crack Width

Crack width , Wk = Sr max (εsm - εcm)
 Above Formula For Calculation of Sr max is applicable if the spacing between the reinf. is less or equal to 5*(c+φ/2)
5*(c+φ/2) = 405.000 mm
Provided Spacing = 90.000 mm
Check for Applicability of Formula = OK
0.425 k1 k2 φ
Maximum crack spacing , Sr max = 3.4 c +
r r eff
K1 = 0.800 for deformed bars
K2 = 0.500 for bending
depth of neutral axis , yc = 112.474 mm

, where Ac,eff =effective area of concrete in tension

r r eff = As/Ac eff =
surrounding the reinf.

hc eff = Min of 2.5 (Dy - dy ) ,Dy - yc/3 ,

Dy/2 = 202.500 mm
Ac, eff = Dx * hc,eff = 202500.000 mm
r r eff = As/Ac eff = 0.009
Maximum crack spacing , Sr max = 491.689 mm
σsc - kt fct eff (1 + αe r r eff )
/ Es
(εsm - εcm) = r r eff
tensile stress in steel, ,ζsc = 117.988 N/mm2
Kt = 0.500
Tensile strength of concrete = fct eff = fctm = 2.501 N/mm2
αe = Es/Ecm = 6.413
(εsm - εcm) = -0.00018
Crack width , Wk=Sr max (εsm - εcm) = 0.000
Check = SAFE
Design of Wall for curtailment :
Material Property:
Grade of Concrete = M 30
2
fck = 30 N/mm
2
fcd = 13.400 N/mm
Grade of steel = Fe 500
2
fy = 500 N/mm
2
fyd = 434.783 N/mm
2
Es = 200000.00 N/mm

Cross section of Wall:

Thickness of Wall (B) = 0.500 m
Depth of Wall (D) = 1.000 m
2
Area of Concrete (Ac) = 0.500 m

Clear Cover to earth faces = 75 mm

Clear Cover to non earth faces = 50 mm
Maximum Dia of Vertical Reinf. = 12 mm
Dia of Horizontal Reinf. = 10 mm

Summary of Design Forces:

ML ( kNm)
Case 1 : Normal Dry Case 29.02

MAX 29.02

PART 1: LONGITUDINAL MOMENT : VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT ON EARTH

FACE
Ultimate Design bending moment (ML) = 29.02 kNm = 29.016 kNm/m

Check For Depth of Wall :

Mult = 0.165 x fck x b x d^2
= 29.02 kNm/m

b = 1000.00 mm

Effective Depth Required (dreq) 29.02 x 1000000

= SQRT( )
0.165 x 30.00 x 1000

(dreq) = 76.5619 mm

Total Depth Required ( Dreq) = 157.56 mm

Total Depth Provided (Dprov) = 500.00 mm OK
Effective depth provided(deff) = 419.00 mm

R= Mu/(b d^2) = 0.17

Minimum Longitudinal Reinforcement in wall on each face
= 0.0012 x bxD -Refer Clause 16.3.1 of IRC:112-2011
2
Ast min = 600.00 mm /m

Area of Steel Required:

pt = Astreq = fck { 1 - sqrt( 1- 4.598 R/fck) }
100 bD 2 fy
= 0.0004
2
Astreq = 191.200 mm /m

2
Ast required = max( Astmin, Astreq) = 600.00 mm /m

Provide 12 mm dia @ 180.00 mm c/c = 2

628.32 mm /m OK
Provide 0 mm dia @ 180.00 mm c/c =

Percentage of steel = 0.126 %

Check for Moment of Resistance of Section due to Steel

Limiting Depth of Neutral Axis , Xm = 0.0035 . d
( 0.0035 + fyd/ Es)

= 0.0035 x 419.00
0.0035 + 0.0022

= 258.46 mm
Depth of Neutral Axis , X = fyd . Ast
0.36 . fck . b

= 434.78 x 628.32
0.36 x 30.00 x 1000.00

= 25.29 mm OK

Lever Arm ( z ) between Compressive Force ( C) and Tensile Force ( T)

z = d - 0.416 . X
= 419.00 - 10.52
= 408.48 mm

Moment of Resistance of Section w.r.t. Steel ( MR)

MR = fyd . Ast . z

= 434.78 x 628.32 x 408.48

= 1.12E+08 Nmm /m

= 111.59 kNm/m > 29.02 kNm/m

Moment of Resistance of Wall is More than Design Bending Moment , HENCE Wall IS SAFE IN
BENDING

LONGITUDINAL REINFORCEMENT ON NON EARTH FACE

Minimum Longitudinal Reinforcement in wall on each face

2
Ast min = 250.00 mm /m

2
Provide 12 mm dia @ 180.00 mm c/c = 628.32 mm /m OK

PART 3 : HORIZONTAL REINFORCEMENT CALCULATION

Horizontal Reinforcement for wall

maximum of following = 0.2500 x 1256.64 = 314.159 As per IRC: 112-2011 , Clause
= 0.001 x 5.00E+05 = 500.000 16.3.2
2
Maximum Horizontal Reinf. 250 mm per meter on each face

Min dia of bar = 0.250 x 12 = 3 mm

or 8 mm

Maximum Spacing between bars

<= 300 mm c/c

2
mm bar @ 10 dia @ 200 c/c = 392.699 mm OK
Stability Check Summary
Shear (Heel Shear (Toe
Description Pmax (kN/m2) Pmin (kN/m2) Sliding Overturning
slab) slab)
Normal Dry case 118.52 40.90 1.080 2.08 0.039 -0.256
Permissible 150 0 1 1 3.658 3.658
Remarks O.K O.K O.K O.K O.K O.K

Reinforcement summary
Crack
Type of Area of steel Percentage
Area of steel provided Dreq (mm) R Width
reinforcement required of steel
(mm)

Straight Portion of Shaft

12 mm bar @ 180 mm c/c (i.e.)

Vertical steel at 2
1690 1745 mm (O.K) 0.349 303 1.39 0.000
earth face
16 mm bar @ 180 mm c/c (i.e.)

Vertical steel at 2
297 12 mm bar @ 180 mm c/c (i.e.) 628 mm (O.K) 500 0.300
non-earth face

2
Distribution steel 297 10 mm bar @ 200 mm c/c (i.e.) 393 mm (O.K) OK OK

Heel Slab
Main steel at top 12 mm bar @ 250 mm c/c (i.e.)
2
545 905 mm (O.K) 0.181 139 0.08 0.000
face
12 mm bar @ 250 mm c/c (i.e.)
Steel at bottom 2
250 12 mm bar @ 250 mm c/c (i.e.) 452 mm (O.K) 500 0.300
face
Distribution 2
181 10 mm bar @ 200 mm c/c (i.e.) 393 mm (O.K) OK OK
reinforcement

Shear No Requirement
0 mm 0 Legged bar @ 200 mm c/c (i.e.)
Reinforcement of Shear Reinf.

Toe Slab

Main steel at 12 mm bar @ 250 mm c/c (i.e.)

2
545 905 mm (O.K) 0.213 169 0.19 0.000
bottom face
12 mm bar @ 250 mm c/c (i.e.)
2
Steel at top face 250 12 mm bar @ 250 mm c/c (i.e.) 452 mm (O.K) 500 0.300

Distribution 2
181 10 mm bar @ 200 mm c/c (i.e.) 393 mm (O.K) OK OK
reinforcement

Shear No Requirement
0 mm 0 Legged bar @ 200 mm c/c (i.e.)
Reinforcement of Shear Reinf.