BRITISH STANDARD BS EN

235:2002

Wallcoverings —
Vocabulary and
symbols

The European Standard EN 235:2001 has the status of a

British Standard

ICS 91.180; 01.040.91; 01.080.20

NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW

BS EN 235:2002

National foreword

This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 235:2001.

It supersedes BS 1248-1:1990 which is withdrawn.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee
CW/35, Wallcoverings, which has the responsibility to:

— aid enquirers to understand the text;

— present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the
interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests
informed;
— monitor related international and European developments and
promulgate them in the UK.
A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on
request to its secretary.
Cross-references
The British Standards which implement international or European
publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards
Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence
Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic
Catalogue.
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of
a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct
application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.

This British Standard, having

been prepared under the
direction of the Consumer Summary of pages
Products and Services Sector This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page,
Policy and Strategy Committee, pages 2 to 17 and a back cover.
was published under the
authority of the Standards The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the
Policy and Strategy Committee document was last issued.
on 25 February 2002

Amendments issued since publication

Amd. No. Date Comments

© BSI 25 February 2002

ISBN 0 580 39127 2

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 235
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM December 2001

ICS 01.040.91; 01.080.20; 91.180 Supersedes EN 235:1989

English version

Wallcoverings - Vocabulary and symbols

Revêtements muraux - Vocabulaire et symboles Wandbekleidungen - Begriffe und Symbole

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 November 2001.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official
versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels

© 2001 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 235:2001 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
EN 235:2001 (E)

Contents
page
1 Scope ..............................................................................................................................................................4
2 General terms .................................................................................................................................................4
3 Generic types of wallcovering ......................................................................................................................6
4 Sub-types of wallcovering ............................................................................................................................7
5 Cleanability terms ..........................................................................................................................................9
6 Match and pattern terms .............................................................................................................................10
7 Removal terms .............................................................................................................................................11
8 Colour fastness to light terms ....................................................................................................................12
Annex A (informative) Index ....................................................................................................................................15
Bibliography ..............................................................................................................................................................17

2
 EN 235:2001 (E)

Foreword

This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 99

"Wallcoverings", the secretariat of which is held by BSI.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of
an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2002, and conflicting national
standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2002.

This European Standard supersedes EN 235:1989.

This revision includes new terms adopted for cork wallcoverings and updates all references to
the revised specifications and methods of test for wallcoverings.

Annex A is informative.

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of

the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United
Kingdom.

3
EN 235:2001 (E)

1 Scope

This European Standard defines terms of interest to the users of wallcoverings that are supplied
in roll form for hanging on to walls and ceilings by means of an adhesive. Cork panels are also
included in the scope of this standard.

This standard also provides the necessary definitions and symbols for the purposes of other
European Standards for wallcoverings (see references in clause 2).

Table 1 gives the symbols to be used.

2 General terms

2.1
wallcovering
all forms of flexible webs supplied in strips in roll form for hanging onto walls or ceilings by
means of an adhesive. Tapestries and other similar wallhangings are excluded

2.2
finished wallcovering
wallcovering that is not intended to be decorated after hanging

2.3
wallcovering for subsequent decoration
wallcovering intended for decoration after hanging, for example, by the application of paint

2.4
wall lining
wallcovering intended to serve as a preparatory layer on the support prior to the application of a
finished wallcovering or a wallcovering for subsequent decoration

2.5
base web
that part of a multi-layer wallcovering intended to contact the support

2.6
cork
protective layer of the cork oak tree (Quercus suber L.) which can be periodically removed from
its trunk and branches to provide the raw material for cork products

2.7
cork products

2.7.1
granulated cork
fragments of cork obtained by grinding and/or milling raw or manufactured cork

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 EN 235:2001 (E)

2.7.2
agglomerated composition cork
product obtained from the agglutination of granulated cork with the addition of a binder not
derived from cork cells

2.7.3
expanded cork
cork board
product made from granulated cork expanded and bonded exclusively with its own natural
binder exuded from cork cells by heating under pressure

2.8
support
surface to which the wallcovering is applied, e.g. wall or ceiling

NOTE This is indicated by a thick solid line in the appropriate symbols in Table 1.

2.9
means of application
method by which the wallcovering is to be attached to the support during hanging, i.e. the
surface(s) to which a suitable adhesive has to be applied, or has already been applied and
requires activation

NOTE The appropriate symbols to indicate means of application are serial numbers 5.1 to 5.3 of Table 1. Where the
means of application require to be combined, the necessary symbols from Table 1 should be used together, separated by a +
sign of equivalent size to the symbols.

2.10
overlap and double cut
method by which the edges of adjoining lengths of wallcovering can be made to butt together.
The adjoining edges of adjacent lengths of wallcovering are overlapped on the support during
application and both thicknesses are cut through in a continuous movement with a sharp knife.
The joint is opened and surplus wallcovering material removed before the adjoining edges are
realigned

NOTE The appropriate symbol to indicate advice to overlap and double cut is serial number 7.1 of Table 1.

2.11
impact resistance
ability of a heavy-duty wallcovering to maintain its surface intact under the effect of impact

NOTE A wallcovering can be claimed to be impact resistant if it satisfies the impact resistance requirements of EN 259-2,
the appropriate symbol to accompany such a claim being serial number 7.3 of Table 1.

2.12
production batch
definite quantity of some commodity manufactured or produced under conditions which are
presumed uniform

2.13
reference sample
sample used for reference purposes to evaluate the changes that have occurred after the
various tests carried out on the specimens

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EN 235:2001 (E)

3 Generic types of wallcovering

3.1
wallpaper
finished wallcovering made of paper, the front face of which is decorated

3.2
wall vinyl

3.2.1
vinyl wallcovering on paper
finished wallcovering comprising a paper base web with a layer of material based on polyvinyl
chloride or another polymer on its front surface. The front of the web or its vinyl coating is
decorated. The coating is of such thickness and strength that it can be removed from its base
web as a continuous self-supporting film

3.2.2
vinyl wallcovering on textile or non-woven
finished wallcovering comprising a textile or non-woven type base web with a layer of material
based on polyvinyl chloride or another polymer on its front surface. The front of the web or its
vinyl coating is decorated. The coating is of such thickness and strength that it can be removed
from its base web as a continuous self-supporting film

3.3
plastics wallcovering
finished wallcovering made entirely of plastics, the front face of which is decorated

3.4
heavy duty wallcovering
finished wallcovering claimed to have high mechanical resistance and cleanability

3.5
textile wallcovering
finished wallcovering with a textile front face

3.6
cork wallcovering
product mainly made from cork or agglomerated composition cork, supplied either in panel or
roll form, whose main intended use is for indoor application

3.7
border / frieze
decorative strip of finished wallcovering in roll form, of width not less than 32 mm designed and
used as a supplementary decorative element

NOTE Borders/friezes are available in most types of wallcovering, unpasted or ready-pasted.

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 EN 235:2001 (E)

4 Sub-types of wallcovering

4.1
coated wallpaper
wallpaper with a thin transparent coating based on polyvinyl acetate or a similar plastics
material applied over the top of the decoration, the coating having insufficient thickness to be
removable as a continuous self-supporting film

4.2
relief wallcovering
wallcovering with a pronounced three-dimensional design or structure (raised and/or depressed)
on the surface formed mechanically by the application of pressure, with or without heat, or
chemically in conjunction with a foaming process

4.2.1
relief wallcovering—mechanically embossed
finished relief wallcovering on which the three-dimensional design or structure is mechanically
formed by the application of pressure, with or without heat

4.2.1.1
ink embossed wallcovering
finished relief wallcovering which has been simultaneously printed and mechanically embossed

4.2.1.2
in-register embossed wallcovering
finished relief wallcovering which is mechanically embossed in register to a print

4.2.1.3
duplex embossed wallcovering
mechanically embossed relief wallcovering made from two webs which have been laminated
with an adhesive at the mechanical embossing stage

NOTE 1 The appropriate symbol to indicate a duplex embossed wallcovering is serial number 7.2 of Table 1.

NOTE 2 The term ‘duplex’ should not be confused with the same word sometimes used in the paper industry in connection
with two-layer papers.

4.2.2
relief wallcovering—chemically expanded

4.2.2.1
blown vinyl/ textured vinyl
finished relief wallcovering where the three-dimensional design or structure is made by foaming
a layer and/or deposit of polyvinyl chloride or other polymeric material

4.2.2.2
chemically embossed/ sculptured wallcovering
finished relief wallcovering where the three-dimensional design or structure is made by a
chemical process of embossing a layer and/or deposit of polyvinyl chloride or other polymeric
material

7
EN 235:2001 (E)

4.3
prepasted wallcovering/ ready pasted wallcovering
wallcovering that carries its own factory-applied adhesive that normally has to be activated by
water at the time of hanging

NOTE The appropriate symbol to indicate that a wallcovering is prepasted is serial number 5.3 of Table 1.

4.4
flocked wallcovering
finished wallcovering the surface of which has been decorated by cut textile fibres, bonded at
one end to the surface by adhesive and standing more or less perpendicular to the surface

4.5
metal foil wallcovering
finished wallcovering in which a rolled film of metal is bonded to a base web to give a decorative
effect

4.6
metallized wallcovering
finished wallcovering in which a metallized plastics film is bonded to a base web to give a
decorative effect

4.7
metallic effect wallcovering
finished wallcovering with a coated or printed surface that incorporates a metal powder or a
powder giving a metallic effect in the coating or on the surface

4.8
ingrain wallcovering
wallcovering consisting of paper structured by the incorporation of wood particles for use as a
base for a finished wallcovering or for use as a wallcovering for subsequent decoration

4.9
mural
finished wallcovering with a pictorial motif which is non-repetitive. It can extend over more than
one width

4.10
textured effect wallcovering
finished wallcovering where materials like grass, cork or granulates of organic and inorganic
material are fixed onto a base material

4.11
self-adhesive borders

4.11.1
self-adhesive border
border with a factory-applied permanently tacky adhesive

4.11.2
peel and stick adhesive border
self-adhesive border where a temporary backing paper is removed before applying the border
8
 EN 235:2001 (E)

4.11.3
self-wound adhesive border
self-adhesive border without backing paper that is applied to the wall directly from the roll

4.12
glassfibre wallcovering
wallcovering, made of woven or non-woven glassfibre, which may or may not be decorated

5 Cleanability terms

5.1
spongeable wallcovering
wallcovering from which the hanging adhesive may be wiped off the front face with a damp cloth
or sponge at the time of hanging without causing visible damage providing it is done whilst the
adhesive is still damp. No subsequent washability is claimed or implied

NOTE A wallcovering can be claimed to be spongeable, if it satisfies the appropriate requirements of clause 6 of
EN 12956:1999, the appropriate symbol to accompany such a claim being serial number 1.1 of Table 1.

5.2
washable wallcovering
finished wallcovering from which dirt and some domestic water based stains may be cleaned
carefully from the front face with a damp cloth and soapy water. Oils, fats and solvent based
stains are not expected to be removable

NOTE A wallcovering can be claimed to be washable, if it satisfies the appropriate requirements of clause 6 of
EN 12956:1999, the appropriate symbol to accompany such a claim being serial number 2.1 of Table 1.

5.3
extra-washable wallcovering
finished wallcovering from which dirt and most domestic water based stains may be cleaned
from the front face with a wet cloth and soapy water. Oils, fats and solvent based stains are not
expected to be removable, but some greasy stains can be removed if action is taken
immediately after contamination

NOTE A wallcovering can be claimed to be extra-washable, if it satisfies the appropriate requirements of clause 6 of
EN 12956:1999, the appropriate symbol to accompany such a claim being serial number 2.2 of Table 1.

5.4
scrubbable wallcovering
finished wallcovering of superior cleanability from which dirt and most domestic water based
stains may be cleaned from the front face with a sponge or soft brush and a mild detergent or a
mild abrasive. Oils, fats and certain solvent based stains can also be removed if tackled
immediately after contamination

NOTE A wallcovering can be claimed to be scrubbable, if it satisfies the appropriate requirements of clause 6 of
EN 12956:1999, the appropriate symbol to accompany such a claim being serial number 2.3 of Table 1.

9
EN 235:2001 (E)

5.5
extra-scrubbable wallcovering
finished wallcovering superior cleanability from which dirt and all domestic water based stains
may be cleaned from the front face by intensive treatment with a sponge or a soft brush and a
mild detergent or a mild abrasive. Oils, fats and certain solvent based stains can also be
removed if tackled immediately after contamination

NOTE A wallcovering can be claimed to be extra-scrubbable if it satisfies the washability requirements of EN 259-1, the
appropriate symbol to accompany such a claim being serial number 2.4 of Table 1.

6 Match and pattern terms

6.1
repeat
longitudinal distance between recurrent pattern details on the face of a wallcovering

6.2
side join
relationship between portions of the design pattern on adjacent lengths of a wallcovering that
will be matched together when hung to create the overall pattern

6.3
free match
a wallcovering has free match when the pattern on the face is not intended to be matched in any
specific longitudinal relationship between adjacent lengths, i.e. it can be hung without specific
regard to matching

NOTE The appropriate symbol to indicate that a wallcovering has free match is serial number 4.1 of Table 1.

6.4
straight match
a wallcovering has straight match when the pattern details are such that adjacent lengths are
intended to be hung without any longitudinal displacement in order to give the correct side join
matching

NOTE The appropriate symbol to indicate that a wallcovering has straight match is serial number 4.2 of Table 1 with the
dimensions of the design repeat, in centimetres, added after it.

6.5
offset match
a wallcovering has offset match when the pattern details are such that adjacent lengths are
intended to be hung with longitudinal displacement in order to give the correct side join
matching

NOTE The appropriate symbol to indicate that a wallcovering has offset match is serial number 4.3 of Table 1 with the
dimensions of the design repeat, in centimetres, and the distance offset, in centimetres, added after it.

6.6
reverse alternate lengths
method of hanging a wallcovering whereby adjacent lengths are reversed

NOTE The appropriate symbol to indicate that it is appropriate or necessary to reverse alternate lengths is serial number
4.4 of Table 1.

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 EN 235:2001 (E)

6.7
pattern number
code uniquely identifying a specific design, effect and colour

6.8
batch number
serial code
code, alongside the pattern number, identifying products having consistently the same texture,
shade, gloss and visual appearance

6.9
shading
checking, by visual inspection, that all rolls of the wallcovering are of the same shade before
hanging to ensure that there are no unacceptable variations in appearance

6.10
Horizontal hanging
method of hanging a wallcovering whereby the lengths are hung horizontally

7 Removal terms

7.1
strippable wallcovering
wallcovering that can be removed manually in a dry state, substantially in one piece, by pulling it
away from the support on which it was hung

NOTE The appropriate symbol to indicate that a wallcovering is strippable is serial number 6.1 of Table 1.

7.2
peelable wallcovering
wallcovering from which the decorative or protective surface can be removed manually from its
base web in a dry state substantially in one piece. The base web remains on the support on
which it was hung

NOTE The appropriate symbol to indicate that a wallcovering is peelable is serial number 6.2 of Table 1.

7.3
wet removable wallcovering
wallcovering that can be removed from the support on which it was hung by soaking it with
water or a proprietary stripping agent or by steaming it and then scraping off the soaked
material

NOTE The appropriate symbol to indicate that a wallcovering requires wet removal is serial number 6.3 of Table 1.

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EN 235:2001 (E)

8 Colour fastness to light terms

8.1
colour fastness to light
ability of a wallcovering to maintain its original shade or colour under the effect of light

8.2
moderate colour fastness
colour fastness to light of numerical rating 3 when this property is determined by the method
given in EN ISO 105-BO2

NOTE The appropriate symbol to accompany a claim of moderate colour fastness to light is serial number 3.1 of Table 1.

8.3
satisfactory colour fastness
colour fastness to light of numerical rating 4 when this property is determined by the method
given in EN ISO 105-BO2

NOTE The appropriate symbol to accompany a claim of satisfactory colour fastness to light is serial number 3.2 of Table 1.

8.4
good colour fastness
colour fastness to light of numerical rating 5 when this property is determined by the method
given in EN ISO 105-BO2

NOTE The appropriate symbol to accompany a claim of good colour fastness to light is serial number 3.3 of Table 1.

8.5
very good colour fastness
colour fastness to light of numerical rating 6 when this property is determined by the method
given in EN ISO 105-BO2

NOTE The appropriate symbol to accompany a claim of very good colour fastness to light is serial number 3.4 of Table 1.

8.6
excellent colour fastness
colour fastness to light of numerical rating 7 when this property is determined by the method
given in EN ISO 105-BO2

NOTE The appropriate symbol to accompany a claim of excellent colour fastness to light is serial number 3.5 of Table 1.

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 EN 235:2001 (E)

Table 1 — Symbols for marking purposes

Category Description Symbol Designation

and serial character
number

1 Spongeability

1.1 Spongeable at time A

of hanging

2 Washability

2.1 Washable B

2.2 Extra washable C

2.3 Scrubbable D

2.4 Extra-scrubbable E

3 Colour fastness to light

3.1 Moderate 3

3.2 Satisfactory 4

3.3 Good 5

3.4 Very good 6

3.5 Excellent 7

4 Pattern matching

4.1 Free match

4.2 Straight match

(with, added, the dimensions of
design repeat in centimetres
e.g. 50)

13
EN 235:2001 (E)

Table 1 Continued

Category Description Symbol Designation

and serial character
number

4.3 Offset match

(with, added, the dimensions

of design repeat and distance
offset, in centimetres, e.g.
50/25)

4.4 Reverse alternate

lengths

4.5 To be hung horizontally

5 Means of application 1)
G
5.1 Adhesive to be applied
to the wallcovering
H J
5.2 Adhesive to be applied
to the support to be
decorated

5.3 Prepasted (ready K

pasted)

6 Method of removal

6.1 Strippable 1

6.2 Peelable 2

6.3 Wet removable 3

7 Miscellaneous

7.1 Overlap and double cut

7.2 Duplex embossed

7.3 Impact resistant

1)
Where symbols in this category require to be used in combination, e.g. 5.1 and 5.2,
the necessary symbols shall be given as shown, separated by a + sign of equivalent
size to these symbols.
14
 EN 235:2001 (E)

Annex A
(informative)

Index

Term Symbol(s)

agglomerated composition cork 2.7.2

application, means of 2.9 5.1 to 5.3
base web 2.5
batch number 6.8
blown vinyl, printed 4.2.2.1
border 3.7
chemically embossed 4.2.2.2
coated wallpaper 4.1
colour fastness to light 8.1 3.1 to 3.5
cork 2.6
cork wallcovering 3.6
duplex embossed wallcovering 4.2.1.3 7.2
excellent colour fastness 8.6 3.5
expanded cork 2.7.2
extra-scrubbable wallcovering 5.5 2.4
extra-washable wallcovering 5.3 2.2
finished wallcovering 2.2
flocked wallcovering 4.4
free match 6.3 4.1
frieze 3.7
glassfibre wallcovering 4.12
good colour fastness 8.4 3.3
granulated cork 2.7.1
heavy duty wallcovering 3.4
horizontal hanging 6.10 4.5
impact resistance 2.11 7.3
ingrain wallcovering 4.8
ink embossed wallcovering 4.2.1.1
in-register embossed wallcovering 4.2.1.2
metal foil wallcovering 4.5
metallic effect wallcovering 4.7
metallized wallcovering 4.6
moderate colour fastness 8.2 3.1
mural 4.9
offset match 6.5 4.3
overlap and double cut 2.10 7.1
pattern number 6.7
peel and stick adhesive border 4.11.2
peelable wallcovering 7.2 6.2
plastics wallcovering 3.3
pre-pasted wallcovering 4.3 5.3
production batch 2.12
15
EN 235:2001 (E)

ready pasted wallcovering 4.3 5.3

reference sample 2.13
relief wallcovering 4.2
relief wallcovering—chemically expanded 4.2.2
relief wallcovering—mechanically embossed 4.2.1
repeat 6.1
reverse alternate lengths 6.6 4.4
satisfactory colour fastness 8.3 3.2
scrubbable wallcovering 5.4 2.3
sculptured wallcovering 4.2.2.2
self-adhesive border 4.11.1
self-wound adhesive border 4.11.3
serial code 6.8
shading 6.9
side join 6.2
spongeable wallcovering 5.1 1.1
straight match 6.4 4.2
strippable wallcovering 7.1 6.1
support 2.8
textured vinyl 4.2.2.1
textile wallcovering 3.5
textured effect wallcovering 4.10
very good colour fastness 8.5 3.4
vinyl wallcovering on paper 3.2.1
vinyl wallcovering on textile or non-woven 3.2.2
wall covering 2.1
wallcovering for subsequent decoration 2.3
wall lining 2.4
wallpaper 3.1
wall vinyl 3.2
washable wallcovering 5.2 2.1
wet removable wallcovering 7.3 6.3

16
 EN 235:2001 (E)

Bibliography

EN 259-1, Wallcoverings in roll form - Heavy duty wallcoverings - Part 1: Specifications.

EN 259-2, Wallcoverings in roll form - Heavy duty wallcoverings - Part 2: Determination of

impact resistance.

EN 12956:1999, Wallcoverings in roll form - Determination of dimensions, straightness,

spongeability and washability.

EN ISO 105-B02, Textiles - Tests for colour fastness - Part B02: Colour fastness to artificial
light: Xenon arc fading lamp test (ISO 105-B02:1994, including Amendment 1:1998).

17
BS EN 235:2002

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