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INSTRUCTION WI/weld /10
Work Instructions of Dye Pentrant Examination NO

The purpose of this procedure is to explain the method of applying the liquid penetration non-destructive
1.0 Purpose : test

This Test method covers procedures for penetrant examination of butt and fillet weld with the associated
Heat Effected Zone (HAZ) on the parent metal and components. They are non-destructive testing
2.0 Scope : methods for detecting discontinuities that are open to the surface such as cracks, porosity and lack of
fusion by liquid penetrant testing conducted in accordance with the requirements of the referenced Codes
and Standards

3.0 Record: Dye penetrant Examination Report

4.0 Associated Documents :

1.1. ASME Code Section V -applicable edition/addenda.
1.2. ASME Code Section I -applicable edition/addenda.
1.3. ASME Code Section VIII, Div1-applicable edition/addenda.
1.4. ANSI/ASME B31.1, B31.3 applicable edition/addenda.
1.5. AWS D1.1 - applicable edition.
1.6. ASTM-E165-Standard Test Method for Liquid Penetrant Examination.
1.7. Customer specification requirements for acceptance criteria.

Responsibility The NDT Inspector ( Welding Quality Engineer ) shall be responsible for conducting and reporting the results of
inspection in accordance with project contract.
5.0

6.0 Procedure : This procedure shall be demonstrated prior to use in accordance with the requirements of T-150, ASME
Code Sec. V.
7.0
7.1 Equipment 7.1.1 Solvent Removable Visible Dye Penetrant materials consist of:
a) Penetrant. b) Penetrant remover/cleaner. c) Developer. d) Lint free cloth. e) Light meter capable of
measuring visible light intensity in lux / foot candles (f.c.). The light meter shall meet the calibration
requirement of T-660 of ASME Code Section V

7.2 Materials:
7.2.1 Only materials of a recognized commercial quality shall be used as identified by the manufacturer’s
name i.e. Ardrox, Ely Chemicals or Magnaflux or as specified by the client.
7.2.2 Penetrant materials of the same family group shall be used, mix between family groups is prohibited.
7.2.3 Certification of contaminant content shall be provided by manufacturers for all liquid penetrant
materials used on nickel base alloys, austenitic or duplex stainless steels, and titanium. These certifications
shall include the penetrant manufacturers' batch numbers and the test results obtained in accordance with
Mandatory Appendix II of Article 6, ASME Code Sec. V. These records shall be maintained as required by
the referencing Code Section.

7.3 Surface Condition:

7.3.1 Generally satisfactory results may be obtained when the surface of the part is in the as-welded, asrolled,as-cast, or as
forged condition. Surface preparation by grinding, machining, or other methods may be necessary where surface irregularities
could mask indications of unacceptable discontinuities.Precautions shall be made with the mechanical cleaning not
to close the discontinuities open to the Surface. Etching of the cleaned surfaces may be necessary to open the discontinuities.
7.3.2 Prior to all liquid penetrant inspections, the surface to be examined and all adjacent areas within at least 25mm (1”) shall ,
be dry and free of dirt, grease lint, scale, welding flux, weld spatter, oil and other extraneous matters that could
obscure surface openings or otherwise interfere with the examination.
7.3.3 Typical cleaning agents that may be used are detergents, organic solvents, descaling
solutions and paint removers. Degreasing and ultrasonic cleaning methods may also be used.
i.e. adjacent faxces at the cut shall not be used in order to pass thetest
visual examination of the cross section of the weld metal & heat affected zone shall show complete fusion & freedom form Crack
there shall not be more than (3mm) difference in the length of the legs of the fillet
7.4 Method:
7.4.1 Surface Cleaning process:
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ANANDJI HARIDAS & CO PVT LTD CHAKAN PUNE
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INSTRUCTION WI/weld /10
Work Instructions of Dye Pentrant Examination NO

a) Solvent cleaning method: On removal of any rust, scale, welding flux, spatter, and in general, inorganic soils, the surfaces to be
inspected shall be cleaned, with solvent cleaner and then finally with a dry lint free cloth.

7.4.2 Drying Process:

a) The drying process shall be accomplished by normal evaporation. Minimum time allowed for drying is 1 minute to ensure that
the cleaning solution has been evaporated prior to application of the penetrant
7.4.3 Application of penetrant:
a) After the area has been cleaned, dried and the temperature of the surface and penetrant are within the range of 40° F (5° C)
to 125° F (52° C) , the penetrant shall be sprayed directly to the surface to be inspected by means of aerosol container,
so that the entire area under inspection is completely covered.

b) After application, excess penetrant shall be allowed to drain (care being taken to prevent pools of penetrant forming on the
test area) while allowing for minimum penetration (dwell) time stated in accordance with (ASME V.Article24, SE165)

unless otherwise specified by the customer in a more restrictive manner.

c) The length of time the penetrant must remain on the part to allow proper penetration should be as recommended by the
penetrant manufacturer (dwell time shall not exceed the maximum recommended by the manufacturer).

7.4.4 Excess Penetrant removal:

a) After the specified dwell time has been elapsed, any penetrant remaining on the surface shall be removed with a dry
or slightly moistened cloth of solvent cleaner, taking care to minimize removal of penetrant from possible discontinuity.
b) Flushing the surface with solvent cleaner, following the application of the penetrant and prior to developing is prohibited.
7.4.5 Drying after removal of excess penetrant:
a) The drying process shall be accomplished by normal evaporation. Drying time shall only be that necessary to adequately
dry the part.
7.4.6 Application of the developer:
a) Apply the non-aqueous wet developer directly to the area being inspected, by spraying from the aerosol container.
b) The non-aqueous developer evaporates rapidly at room temperature and therefore does not require the use of a dryer.
c) Areas being inspected shall be sprayed in such a manner so as to assure complete coverage with a thin,even film of developer.
d) Dipping or flooding parts with non-aqueous developer is prohibited.
e) Developing dwell time shall not be less than 10 min., The maximum permitted developing time is 1 h for nonaqueous
developers as stated in accordance with (ASME-V.Article24, SE-165) unless otherwise specified by the customer in a more
restrictive manner.
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ANANDJI HARIDAS & CO PVT LTD CHAKAN PUNE
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INSTRUCTION WI/weld /10
Work Instructions of Dye Pentrant Examination NO

7.5 Examination:
7.5.1 Inspection shall be carried out after the applicable developer dwell time to allow for bleed out of penetrant from
discontinuities into the developer coating. It is good practice to observe the bleed out while applying the developer
as an aid in interpreting and evaluating indications.
7.5.2 Visible penetrant indications can be inspected in natural or artificial white light. A minimum intensity at the inspection
surface of 100 foot candles (1000 Lux) is required.
7.5.3 The light source, technique used, and light level verification is required to be demonstrated, one time, documented
, and maintained on file
7.6 Evaluation of indications:
7.6.1 All indications shall be evaluated in accordance with the referencing code or Specification.
7.6.2 Relevant indications are those that result from mechanical discontinuities:
a) Linear indications are those indications in which the length is more than three times the width.
b) Rounded indication or indications which are circular or elliptical with lengths less than three times the width.
c) Any questionable or doubtful indications shall be re-tested to verify whether or not actual defects are present
d) Localized surface imperfections may occur, such as machine marks, surface conditions, or incomplete bond between
base metal and cladding, may produce similar indications which are not relevant to the detection of unacceptable
discontinuities

Acceptance Criteria - refer ASME Section IX

Indications >
1/16"(1.5mm) shall
be considered as
relevant The

following indications shall be rejectable:

1. Relevant linear indication >1/16" (1.5 mm)
2. Relevant rounded indications > 3/16" (5 mm)
3. Four or more rounded indications in a line separated by 1/16" (1.5mm) or less (edge to edge)

7.8 Post cleaning:

7.8.1 Upon completion of the test, in cases where residual penetrant or developer could interfere with subsequent processing
or with service requirements, a suitable technique, such as a water rinse or solvent soak for cleaning may be employed

0 28th Sept 2014 New Released Paresh Gowardhan Ulhas Kavathekar

Rev Rev Date Details of Revision Prepared By Approved By

No Controlled copy Stamp