General Chemistry I (CHM 1001) Final Exam Jun 18, 2020

1. 문제유형: 4 지선다, 선택유형: 다중선택, 난이도: 상, 배점: 6

문제: Select all the true statements regarding effective nuclear charge (Zeff).

보기 1) The effective nuclear charge can be thought of as the true nuclear charge minus a screening
constant due to the other electrons in the atom.
보기 2) The change in effective nuclear charge going down a column of the periodic table is generally greater
than that going across a row of the periodic table.
보기 3) Effective nuclear charge increases slightly as we go down a column because the more diffuse core
electron cloud is less able to screen the valence electrons from the nuclear charge.
보기 4) The 3s electron of Na has a small probability of being closer to the nucleus, in the region occupied by
the core electrons, so the value of Zeff for the 3s electron is decreased from our expected Zeff = 2.5+ to Zeff =
1+.
정답 1, 3

정답해설: EXERCISES 7.14 참조

2. 문제유형: 서술형, 난이도: 상, 배점: 3 x 3 = 9

문제: Use electron configurations to explain the following observations: (a) The first ionization energy of
nitrogen is greater than that of oxygen. (b) The second ionization energy of the sodium atom is larger than
the second ionization energy of the magnesium atom. (c) The electron affinity of phosphorus is lower (less
negative) than those of both silicon and sulfur.
글자수제한 미사용

정답
(a) 각각의 electron configuration 1 점, N 안정 & O 전자쌍 반발력 1 점씩

(b) 각각의 electron configuration 1 점, Na 의 2nd 는 안정한 18 족 [Ne]에서 전자 떼어내는 것이므로 큼 (2 점)

(c) 각각의 electron configuration 1 점, 홀전자만 존재하는 안정한 상태에 전자를 첨가할 때의 반발력 (2 점)

정답해설: (a), (c) EXERCISES 7.95 참조, (b) EXERCISES 7.40c 참조

3. 문제유형: 4 지선다, 선택유형: 다중선택, 난이도: 상, 배점: 6

문제: Select all the true statements regarding periodic properties of the elements.

보기 1) In an isoelectronic series, ionic size increases with an increasing nuclear charge.

보기 2) Most metal oxides are basic and the basicity of metal oxides is due to the oxide ion, which reacts with
water to generate hydride ions.
보기 3) Most nonmetal oxides are acidic, so nonmetal oxides that dissolve in water form acids.

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 보기 4) The halogens directly react with metals to form gaseous hydrogen halides.

정답 3

정답해설: 슬라이드 25, 50, 55, 73 참조

4. 문제유형: 4 지선다, 선택유형: 다중선택, 난이도: 상, 배점: 6

문제: Select all the true statements regarding hydrogen.

보기 1) The electron affinity of hydrogen is much closer to the values for the alkali elements than for the
halogens because the added electron will complete an ns subshell for both H and the alkali metals.
보기 2) Hydrogen has the smallest bonding atomic radius of any element that forms chemical compounds
because no known compounds of He exist.
보기 3) The ionization energy of hydrogen is closer to the values for the alkali metals than for the halogens
because the ns electron being removed is effectively shielded by the core electrons.
보기 4) If the electron affinity is defined as the energy change that occurs when an electron is added to a
gaseous atom, the value for the ionization energy of hydride is equal in magnitude but opposite in sign to the
electron affinity of hydrogen.
정답 1, 2, 4

정답해설: EXERCISES 7.99 참조

5. 문제유형: 4 지선다, 선택유형: 다중선택, 난이도: 상, 배점: 6

문제: Select all the correct statements regarding chemical bonding.

보기 1) Lattice energy is the energy needed to form one mole of a solid ionic compound from its gaseous
ions.
보기 2) Electronegativity generally increases from left to right in a row of the periodic table and decreases
going down a column.
보기 3) In drawing Lewis structures, if there are not enough electrons to give the central atom an octet, use
one or more of the unshared pairs of electrons on the atoms bonded to the central atom to form double or
triple bonds.
보기 4) The average bond length between two atoms increases as the number of bonds between the atoms
increases.
정답 2, 3

정답해설: 슬라이드 14, 35, 51, 78 참조

6. 문제유형: 서술형, 난이도: 상, 배점: 4 + 6 = 10

문제: (a) Explain all the electrostatic interactions in details in forming an ionic compound of NaCl(s) and a
molecule of Cl2(g), respectively. (b) There is a continuum between the extremes of ionic and covalent

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 bonding, and some ways to recognize which type of bonding dominates include 1) checking the type of
interacting elements, 2) evaluating the difference in electronegativities of interacting elements, and 3)
calculating the oxidation state of a metal. Explain each of the three ways giving a specific example.
글자수제한 미사용
정답

(a) NaCl -> cation 인 Na+와 anion 인 Cl- opposite charge 로 인한 interaction (1 점), Cl2 -> 전자 사이의
반발력, 핵 간의 반발력, 전자와 핵의 인력 (각 1 점씩)

(b) 1) metal-nonmetal 은 ionic, nonmetal-nonmetal 은 covalent (1 점), 예시 (1 점), electronegativity 차이가

크면 ionic, 작으면 covalent 같이 기준이 됨(1 점), 예시(1 점), oxidation state of metal 이 증가하면

covalent 증가 (1 점), 예시 (1 점)
정답해설: (a) 슬라이드 14, 27 참조, (b) 슬라이드 46, 47 참조

7. 문제유형: 서술형, 난이도: 중, 배점: 5

문제: A molecule, XY, has a bond length of 250 pm and a dipole moment of 1.25 D. Calculate the effective
charges on the X and Y atoms in XY in units of the electronic charge, e. 1 debye (D) = 3.34 × 10–30 coulomb-
meters (C-m), the electronic charge e = 1.60 × 10–19 C.
글자수제한 미사용

정답 0.104 e (e 없으면 1 점 감점)

정답해설: EXERCISES 8.44 참조

8. 문제유형: 서술형, 난이도: 상, 배점: 6 + 4 = 10

문제: The following three Lewis structures can be drawn for N 2O (N1N2O):

(a) Using formal charges, which of these three resonance forms is likely to be the most important? Explain
your reasoning. Additionally, explain briefly how you determined the formal charge for each atom (N1, N2,
and O) of the most important resonance form. (b) The N–N bond length in N2O is 1.12 Å, slightly longer than

a typical NN bond; and the N–O bond length is 1.19 Å, slightly shorter than a typical N=O bond. Based on
these data, which resonance structure best represents N2O? Explain your reasoning.
글자수제한 미사용
정답

(a) formal charge 합이 0 (2 점), electronegativity 가 가장 큰 O 가 (-) 여야함 (2 점), most important
resonance form 인 첫번째 구조의 formal charge 구하는 식 (2 점)

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 (b) N-N bond 예측_단일 또는 이중결합 (2 점), N-O bond 예측_삼중결합 (2 점)

각각 예측구조 틀리면 2 점(a), 1 점(b) 감점 (각각 1 번, 2 번 구조임)

정답해설: EXERCISES 8.92 참조

9. 문제유형: 4 지선다, 선택유형: 다중선택, 난이도: 상, 배점: 6

문제: Select all the correct statements regarding molecular geometry and bonding theories.
보기 1) If there are one or more nonbonding pairs in a trigonal bipyramid, they always occupy the axial
positions.
보기 2) For a molecule consisting of more than two atoms, the dipole moment depends on both the polarities
of the individual bonds and the geometry of the molecule.
보기 3) The common types of hybridization can be connected with the molecular geometries predicted by the
VSEPR model.
보기 4) Valence bond theory can predicts the paramagnetism of O 2.

정답 2

정답해설: 슬라이드 24, 34, 42, 89 참조

10. 문제유형: 서술형, 난이도: 상, 배점: 3 + 2 + 2 + 5 = 12

문제: In the hydrocarbon

(a) What are the hybridization at the two carbons and oxygen of OH in the molecule? (b) How many  bonds
are there in the molecule? (c) How many  bonds? (d) Predict the bond angles around the two carbons and
oxygen in the molecule and explain your reasoning.
글자수제한 미사용

정답
(a) sp3, sp2, sp3 (각 1 점)

(b) 7 개 (2 점)
(c) 1 개 (2 점)

(d) sp3 인 C 가 tetrahedral 이어서 109.5 (1 점), sp2 인 C 가 trigonal planar 로 예측, 그러나 double bond 로
인해 120 보다 큰 부분/ 작은 부분(이중결합 아닌 쪽) (2 점), sp3 여서 tetrahedral 그러나 비공유전자쌍의

반발로 109.5 보다 작음 (2 점)

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 정답해설: EXERCISES 9.7 참조

11. 문제유형: 서술형, 난이도: 상, 배점: 3 + 3 + 4 + 3 = 13

문제: Consider the O2– ion. (a) How many electrons are there in the ion? Write the molecular orbital electron
configuration of the ion. (b) What is the bond order? Explain how you calculated it. (c) Compare the bond
enthalpy and bond length with those of O2 and explain your reasoning. (d) Is the ion paramagnetic or
diamagnetic? Explain your reasoning.
글자수제한 미사용
정답

(a) 17 개 (1 점), ( 1s)2 ( *1s)2( 2s)2( *2s)2( 2p)2(2p)4(*2p)3 (2 점)

(b) 1/2(10-7) (1 점), 1.5 (2 점)

(c) O2 의 bond order 2, 1/2(10-6) (각 1 점), bond length 는 O2 가 짧고, enthalpy 는 O2 가 큼 (각 1 점)

(d) paramagnetic (1 점), unpaired electron 이 존재 (2 점)

정답해설: Sample Exercise 9.9 참조

12. 문제유형: 4 지선다, 선택유형: 다중선택, 난이도: 상, 배점: 6

문제: Select all the correct statements regarding gases.

보기 1) A gas is confined to a cylinder with a movable piston that is sealed so there are no leaks. Heating the
gas while maintaining a constant pressure increases the average distance between molecules.
보기 2) The rate of effusion is directly proportional to the root-mean-square speed of the molecules.
보기 3) Departures from ideal behavior increase in magnitude as pressure increases because the molecules
experience attractive forces for one another.

보기 4) In the van der Waals equation, , the term nb accounts for the small but
finite volume occupied by the gas molecules.
정답 1, 2, 4

정답해설: Sample Exercise 10.3a 슬라이드 58, 66, 68 참조

13. 문제유형: 4 지선다, 선택유형: 다중선택, 난이도: 상, 배점: 6

문제: Select all the correct statements regarding the kinetic-molecular theory of gases.

보기 1) The average kinetic energy per molecule in a collection of gas molecules is the same for all gases at
the same temperature.
보기 2) All the molecules of a gas at a given temperature have the same speed.

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 보기 3) The volume of the gas molecules is negligible in comparison to the total volume in which the gas is
contained.
보기 4) The temperature of a 1.00-L container of Ar gas is decreased from 200 °C to 50 °C. If the volume is
held constant, the total number of collisions of molecules with walls per second decreases.
정답 1, 3, 4

정답해설: EXERCISES 10.76 and 10.79 참조

14. 문제유형: 서술형, 난이도: 하, 배점: 3

문제: Calculate the density of NO 2 gas at 1.00 atm and 37 °C. Formula weight of NO2 = 46.01 u, gas
constant R = 0.0821 L atm mol–1 K–1, 0 °C = 273 K.
글자수제한 미사용

정답 1.81 g/L (단위 틀리면 1 점 감점)

정답해설: EXERCISES 10.51a 참조

15. 문제유형: 서술형, 난이도: 중, 배점: 3 + 4 = 7

문제: A sample of 3.00 g of O 2(g) originally in a 3.00-L vessel at 21 °C is transferred to a 5.00-L vessel at 27
°C. A sample of 3.00 g of N 2(g) originally in a 1.00-L vessel at 20 °C is transferred to this same 5.00-L
vessel. (a) What is the partial pressure of N 2(g) in the larger container? (b) What is the total pressure in the
vessel? Formula weight (N2: 28.01 u, O2: 32.00 u), gas constant R = 0.0821 L atm mol–1 K–1, 0 °C = 273 K.
글자수제한 미사용
정답

(a) 0.528 atm (단위 틀리면 1 점 감점)

(b) 0.989 atm(단위 틀리면 1 점 감점)

정답해설: EXERCISES 10.74 참조

16. 문제유형: 4 지선다, 선택유형: 다중선택, 난이도: 상, 배점: 6

문제: Select all the correct statements regarding intermolecular forces.

보기 1) The physical state of a substance depends largely on the balance between the kinetic energies of the
particles and the interparticle energies of attraction.
보기 2) The intramolecular attractions are not strong enough to control physical properties, such as boiling
and melting points, vapor pressures, surface tension, capillary action, and viscosities.
보기 3) Molecular shape affects the strength of dispersion forces: Short, fat molecules tend to have stronger
dispersion forces than long, cylindrical ones.
보기 4) Dispersion forces occur only in nonpolar substances.

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 정답 1

정답해설: 슬라이드 6, 7, 8, 14, 28 참조

17. 문제유형: 4 지선다, 선택유형: 다중선택, 난이도: 상, 배점: 6

문제: Select all the correct statements regarding phase changes, phase diagrams, and liquid crystals.

보기 1) Supercritical fluid is the substance in a state above the critical temperature and the critical pressure.
보기 2) The normal boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapor pressure equals atmospheric
pressure.
보기 3) In the Clausius–Clapeyron equation, the plot of ln P versus 1/T can be used to determine the
enthalpy of vaporization.
보기 4) The molecules that exhibit liquid crystalline phases are fairly rigid, and have elongated shapes as
well as polar groups.
정답 1, 3, 4

정답해설: 슬라이드 46, 49, 50, 66 참조

18. 문제유형: 서술형, 난이도: 중, 배점: 6

문제: The curved surface, or meniscus, of the water in a glass tube is U-shaped. For mercury, however, the
meniscus in a glass tube is shaped like an inverted U (see the figure below). Explain the different behaviors
of water and mercury in a glass tube using cohesive and adhesive forces.

글자수제한 미사용

정답 water 의 adhesive(water-glass) > cohesive(water-water) (3 점), mercury 는 반대인 것 설명 (3 점)

정답해설: 슬라이드 37 참조

19. 문제유형: 서술형, 난이도: 상, 배점: 6 + 3 = 9

문제: The figure below shows the phase diagram of H 2O. (a) Find and explain two features due to the
hydrogen bonds between water molecules. (b) Explain the “freeze-dry” process.

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 글자수제한 미사용
정답

(a) High critical point (temperature, pressure) (1 점), 설명 (2 점), negative slope of solid/liquid (1 점), 설명
(2 점)

(b) 3 단계 과정 각 1 점씩
정답해설: 슬라이드 57 참조: The high critical temperature and critical pressure and the negative slope of the

melting curve (solid–liquid line) are due to the hydrogen bonds between water molecules. + 설명, 슬라이드
58 참조: “Freeze-dry”: 1) Freezing to a temperature below 0 ˚C, 2) Placing in a low-pressure chamber (below
0.00603 atm), 3) Warming to sublime the water.

20. 문제유형: 4 지선다, 선택유형: 다중선택, 난이도: 상, 배점: 6

문제: Select all the correct statements regarding solids.

보기 1) There are two types of close packing of spheres, hexagonal close packing (hcp) and cubic close
packing (ccp). Each sphere has a coordination number of 6.
보기 2) In a hexagonal close packed structure, a unit cell contains 2 metal atoms.
보기 3) Packing efficiency is the fraction of space in a crystal that is actually occupied by atoms. It is the
same for the three-dimensional close packed structures.
보기 4) In substitutional alloys, a second element fills a space in the lattice of metal atoms.

정답 2, 3

정답해설: 슬라이드 13, 14, 17, 21 참조

21. 문제유형: 서술형, 난이도: 중, 배점: 3 + 3 = 6

문제: (a) Name the seven three-dimensional primitive lattices and the two additional cubic lattices. (b)
Compare the packing efficiencies for the three cubic lattices without calculating the exact values.

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 글자수제한 미사용

정답
(a) 1 개 당 0.3 점 (3 개 단위로 0.1 점 추가) 총 9 개 (3 점)

(b) primitive < bcc < fcc (3 점)

정답해설: 슬라이드 8, 9 참조