Western Australian Junior Mathematics Olympiad

October 27, 2001

Individual Questions

General instructions: No working need be given for Questions 1 to 9. Calculators are

1. N degrees Celsius is the same temperature as 95 N + 32 degrees Fahrenheit. What

2. bxc means the greatest integer which is not more than x, so that b4.9c = 4 and
b7c = 7, and dxe means the least integer which is not less than x, so that d4.9e =
5 and d7e = 7. We call bxc the floor of x and dxe the ceiling of x. Evaluate
d13.5 + 2.7 × b3.8ce. (1 mark)

3. A certain number of points are marked on the circumference of length 2001 of a circle
in such a way that each marked point is distance 1 from exactly one marked point
and distance 2 from exactly one marked point, all distances being measured around
the circle. How many points are there? (1 mark)

4. Let ABC be a right-angled triangle with 6 ACB = 90 degrees, and let AL be the
bisector of angle BAC, so that L is a point on BC. Let M be the point on AB such
that LM is perpendicular to AB. If LM = 3 and M B = 4, find AB. (2 marks)

5. How many solution pairs x, y) are there of the equation 2x + 3y = 763 if both x and
y are positive integers? (2 marks)

6. In a computer game, you have to score the largest possible number of points. You
score 7 points each time you find a jewel and 4 points each time you find a sword.
There is no limit to the number of points you can score. Of course it is impossible to
score 5 or 6 points. What is the largest number of points it is impossible to score?
(2 marks)

7. Find the least possible value of the expression x2 − 8xy + 19y 2 − 6y + 10. (3 marks)

8. A shop sells hamburgers which contain some of the following: meat burger, vegetable
burger, lettuce, tomato, carrot, mayonnaise and tomato sauce.
(a) You must have a meat burger or a vegetable burger, but cant have both.
(b) You can also have any number of the other ingredients, even none, but:
(c) If you have a meat burger you can also have tomato sauce, but not if you have a

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 vegetable burger.
(d) If you have lettuce or tomato or both you can have mayonnaise, but not otherwise.

How many different hamburgers can be constructed according to these rules?

9. Let ABCD be a trapezium with AB parallel to CD, AB = 2CD and the diagonal
BD = 72 cm. If N is the midpoint of AB and M and P are the intersection points
of BD with N C and AC, respectively, find M P . (3 marks)

10. Two buses start travelling at the same time – bus 1 from city A to city B, and bus 2
from city B to city A using the same road. Both buses travel with constant speeds.
For the first time they meet 7km from A. After both buses reach their destinations
(cities B and A respectively, possibly at different times), they immediately start
travelling back along the same road and with the same speeds. They meet again 4
km from B. Find the distance between the cities A and B. Explain how you obtained
your answer. (4 marks)

Team Questions
1. Find six consecutive positive integers whose sum is 513.

2. Find a set of at least two consecutive positive integers whose sum is 30.

3. There are three possible solutions to question 2. Can you find them all?

4. Find a set of at least two consecutive positive integers whose sum is 56.

5. Show how any odd integer can be written as the sum of at least 2 consecutive integers.

6. Some positive integers cant be written in this way. What are they?

7. Can you prove your answer to question 6?

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 Western Australian Junior Mathematics Olympiad
October 27, 2001
Problem Solutions
1. We must solve 9N/5 + 32 = N . So 9N + 160 = 5N and hence 4N = −160. The solution to
this is N = −40.
2. d13.5 + 2.7 × b3.8ce = d13.5 + 2.7 × 3e = d13.5 + 8.1e = d21.6e = 22.
3. The gaps between adjacent points must be alternately 1 unit and 2 units, so any pair of
consecutive gaps totals 3 units. Since there must be 667 pairs of gaps, and so 1334 gaps
altogether and therefore 1334 points.
4. From 4LM B one finds LB 2 = 32 + 42 = 25, so LB = 5. Next, 4AM L ∼ = 4ACL (AL =
6 6 6 ◦ 6
AL, M AL = CAL, AM L = 90 = ACL), so CL = LM = 3. Now observe that
BC MB
4ABC ∼ 4LBM (6 ABC = 6 LBM , 6 ACB = 6 LM B), therefore = . This gives
AB LB
BC × LB 8×5
AB = = = 10.
MB 4
5. It’s clear that y must be odd so we can write y = 2Y + 1 for some non-negative integer Y .
Also 763 − 2x must be divisible by 3. Now 763 − 2x = (3 × 254) + (1 − 2x) so 1 − 2x must
be divisible by 3. This means x has the form 3X + 2 with X a non-negative integer. Thus
2(3X + 2) + 3(2Y + 1) = 763, which simplifies to X + Y = 126. Then X can be any integer
from 0 to 126, and so there are 127 solutions.
6. The answer is 17. By trial and error we find that 17 can’t be expressed as the sum of a multiple
of 7 plus a multiple of 4. However 18 = 2 × 7 + 4, 19 = 7 + 3 × 4, 20 = 5 × 4 and 21 = 3 × 7.
After this we can get 22 by adding 4 onto 18, 23 by adding 4 onto 19 and so on.
7. We note that:
x2 − 8xy + 19y 2 − 6y + 10 = x2 − 8xy + 16y 2 + 3(y 2 − 2y + 1) + 7 = (x − 4y)2 + 3(y − 1)2 + 7 .
Each of the squared terms is at least 0, so the whole expression must be at least 7, and we can
get 7 if we set y = 1 and x = 4. So the answer is 7.
8. We have 3 basic types of burgers: vegetable, meat with sauce or meat without sauce. Each
of these is accompanied by one of the following 7 lettuce, tomato, mayonnaise combinations:
LTM, LM, TM, LT, L, T, none of these. This gives 21 possibilities. Each of these 21 can be
served with or without carrot, giving a total of 42 possibilities.
DM
9. First, notice that 4N BM ∼ 4CDM (6 N M B = 6 CM D, 6 N BM = 6 CDM ). Hence =
MB
CD
= 1, i.e. DM = M B = 36 cm. Next, we have 4ABP ∼ 4CDP (6 AP B = 6 CP D,
NB
DP DC 1
6 ABP = 6 CDP ), so = = . That is, DP = 13 DB = 24 cm. Hence M P =
PB AB 2
DM − DP = 12 cm.
10. Let v1 and v2 be the speeds of bus 1 and bus 2 respectively, let t1 and t2 be the times at which
they pass each other and let x be the distance between the towns. By considering the first time
7 x−7 v2 x−7
they pass we see that = v1 , = v2 , which implies that = . By considering
t1 t1 v1 7
x+4 2x − 4 v2 2x − 4
the second time they pass we get = v1 , = v2 , which implies that = .
t2 t2 v1 x+4
x−7 2x − 4
Thus we have = , which gives x2 = 17x and so x = 17.
7 x+4

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 Solutions to Team Questions

1. 513 = 83 + 84 + 85 + 86 + 87 + 88.

2. 30 = 9 + 10 + 11 = 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 = 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8.

3. See 2. above.

4. 56 = 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10 + 11.

5. Any odd number can be written as 2n + 1 for some integer n. But 2n + 1 = n + (n + 1) which
is the sum of two consecutive integers.

6. Powers of 2 (including 1 = 20 ).

7. If a number is not a power of 2 then it has an odd factor greater than 1. So, say our number
is n = ab, where a = 2k + 1 is odd. Then

n = (b − k) + (b − k + 1) + (b − k + 2) + . . . + b + (b + 1) + . . . + (b + k − 1) + (b + k) ,

which has the required form. So, anything that is not a power of 2 can be written in the
required way.
If n can be written in the required form there must be positive integers a and m such that

n = a + (a + 1) + . . . + (a + m)
1
= (m + 1) a + (1 + 2 + . . . + m) = (m + 1) a + m (m + 1)
2
1
= (m + 1)(m + 2a) .
2
One of m + 1 and m + 2a must be odd and the other even, so n has an odd factor. This means
n is not a power of 2.