1 The word "phenomena" in the passage is Movable Type 활자(체)

closest in meaning to 1 Nothing divided the medieval world in Europe

(A) traditions more decisively from the Early Modern period than
(B) occurrences printing with movable type. It was a German
(C) perceptions invention and the culmination 정점 of a complex
(D) consequences
process. The world of antiquity 유물 had recorded
its writings mainly on papyrus. Between 200 B.C
2 According to paragraph 2, all of the following and A.D 300, this was supplemented 보충하다 by
were advantages of movable metal type EXCEPT vellum, 피지 calf 송아지 skin treated and then
(A) It could be reused smoothed by pumice stone. 부석, (물에) 뜨는 돌 To
(B) It made letters of standardized size this in late Roman times was added parchment,
(C) It did not require specialized skill to 양피지 similarly made from the smoothed skin of
use
sheep or goats. In the early Middle Ages, Europe
(D) It could easily be restored from a mold
imported an industrial process from China, which
turned almost any kind of fibrous 섬유의 material
3 The word "rudimentary" in the passage is into pulp that was then spread in sheets. This was
closest in meaning to known as cloth 천 parchment. By about 1150, the
(A) primitive Spanish had developed the first mill 공장 for
(B) decorative making cheap paper (a word contracted from
(C) practical "papyrus", which became the standard term). One
(D) complicated of the most important phenomena of the later
Middle Ages was the growing availability of cheap
paper. Even in England, where technology lagged
4 In mentioning the screw press the author is 지체되다 far behind, a sheet of paper, or eight
indicating that octavo 8절판 pages, cost only a penny by the
(A) Gutenberg worked as a winemaker before
fifteenth century.
inventing movable type
(B) the printing industry faced more practical
2 In the years 1446-1448, two German
problems than other industry did
(C) the printing and wine-making industries
goldsmiths, 금세공인 Johannes Gutenberg and
independently developed the same device Johann Fust, made use of cheap paper to
(D) Gutenberg used a device from an introduce a critical improvement in the way
unrelated industry in his printing process written pages were reproduced. Printing from
wooden blocks was the old method; what the
=> had to solve a lot of practical problems해야
Germans did was to invent movable type for the
했기에 관련 없는 산업에서 이용되는 도구를 letterpress. 활판인쇄 It had three merits: 2A.it
이용했다는 맥락 could be used repeatedly until worn out; it was
cast in metal from a mold 형틀 and 2D.so could
be renewed without difficulty; and 2B.it made
lettering uniform. In 1450, Gutenberg began work
on his Bible, the first printed book, known as the
Gutenberg. It was completed in 1455 and is a
marvel. As Gutenberg, apart from getting the key
idea, 4.had to solve a lot of practical problems,
including imposing paper and ink into the process
and the actual printing itself, for which he
adapted the screw press used by winemakers, it
is amazing that his first product does not look at
all rudimentary. Those who handle it are struck
by 감명받다 its clarity and quality.
5 According to paragraph 3, for whom were 3 Printing was one of those technical revolutions
printed books mainly produced? that developed its own momentum at
(A) Scholars of language and religion extraordinary speed. Europe in the fifteenth
(B) Buyers who could not afford to century was a place where intermediate
purchase hand-copied texts technology—that is, workshops with skilled
(C) Artists and craftspeople craftspeople—was well established and
(D) Monks living in monasteries 수도원 spreading fast, especially in Germany and Italy.
Such workshops were able to take on 떠맡다,
고용하다 printing easily, and it thus became
6 Why does the author mention 24 presses in Europe's first true industry. The process was
the discussion? aided by two factors: 5-1.the new demand for
(A) To indicate the extent to which the cheap classical texts and the translation of the
printing industry had grown in Germany Latin Bible into "modern" languages. Works of
24개 출판사 얘기한 것은 어느 정도까지 성장했는가를 reference were also in demand. Presses sprang
보여주기 위함임 up in several German cities, and by 1470,
(B) To emphasize those printing presses far Nuremberg, Germany had established itself as
outnumbered monastic scriptoria the center of the international publishing trade,
(C) To indicate the importance of trade fairs as a printing books from 24 presses and distributing
way of promoting printing presses them at trade fairs all over western and central
(D) To argue that the centers of printing had Europe. The old monastic 수도원의 scriptoria
begun to shift from Germany to other parts of 기록실—monastery 수도원 workshops 작업실
Europe where monks copied texts by hand—worked
closely alongside the new presses, continuing to
produce the luxury goods that movable-type
7 Which of the following can be inferred from printing could not yet supply. 5-2.Printing,
paragraph 4 about the "Gothic" typeface used in however, was primarily aimed at a cheap mass
Germany? sale.
(A) It was adopted by the Italians when they
hired two leading German printers (not 4 Although there was no competition between
mentioned) the technologies, there was rivalry between
(B) It was more difficult to read than nations. The Italians made energetic and
roman typeface successful efforts to catch up with Germany.
(C) It was easier to print than other styles of Their most successful scriptorium quickly
typeface imported two leading German printers to set up
(D) It was widely popular with international presses in their book-producing shop.
readers 7B.German printers had the disadvantage of
working with the complex typeface 활자체 that
the Italians sneeringly 냉소적으로 referred to as
"Gothic" and that later became known as black
letter. 돋움체 7D.Outside Germany, readers
found this typeface disagreeable. 갖잖은 The
Italians, on the other hand, had a clear typeface
known as roman that became the type of the
future.
8 According to paragraph 4 and 5, how did 4 Although there was no competition between
German and Italian contributions to the printing the technologies, there was rivalry between
industry differ? nations. The Italians made energetic and
(A) German printers originated and applied successful efforts to catch up with Germany.
a technique that Italian printers adapted Their most successful scriptorium quickly
more artistically imported two leading German printers to set up
(B) German printers mass-produced books, while presses in their book-producing shop. (A)■
Italian printers produced fewer books of better
German printers had the disadvantage of
quality
working with the complex typeface that the
(C) German printers used only black typeface,
Italians sneeringly referred to as "Gothic" and
while Italian printers used a variety of typeface
colors and styles that later became known as black letter. (B)■
(D) German printers had greater technological Outside Germany, readers found this typeface
skill, while Italian printers were more disagreeable. (C)■ The Italians, on the other
commercially successful hand, had a clear typeface known as roman that
became the type of the future. (D)■
9 Look at the four squares [■] that indicate
5 Hence, 8.although the Germans made use of
where the following sentence could be added to
the paper revolution to introduce movable type,
the passage. Where would the sentence best fit?
the Italians went far to regain the initiative
Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the 주도권 by their artistry. 예술성 By 1500 there
passage. were printing firms in 60 German cities, but
there were 150 presses in Venice alone.
The typeface that followed was italic, with However, since many nations and governments
a slanted 비스듬한 appearance in the style wanted their own presses, the trade quickly
of handwriting and a name that was became international. The cumulative 누적되는
recognizably Italian. impact of this industrial spread was spectacular.
Before printing, only the very largest libraries, of
which there were a dozen in Europe, had as
many as 600 books. The total number of books
D on the entire Continent was well under 100,000.
But by 1500, after only 45 years of the printed
Roman 뒤에 Italic 오고, 그 뒤에 5문단 book, there were 9 million in circulation. 유통
시작에서 “그래서” 이태리인들이 예술성으로
주도권을 줬다는 내용이 딱 맞음
10 Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below.
Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important
ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express
ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is
worth 2 points. Drag your answer choices to the spaces where they belong. To remove an
answer choice, click on it.

The invention of movable type was an important technological development both in

Europe and worldwide.

Answer Choices

(A) The industrial process for mass paper (B) The mechanized production of books
production was first introduced in the early in the fifteenth century is the first
fifteenth century. (para1, incorrect) instance of a modern industry in Europe.
(para4,5)
(C) The Gutenberg Bible was the result
of combined technologies in the mass (D) Hand-copied texts continued to be in as
production of paper and the newly great demand as printed books in fifteenth-
invented manufacture of movable type. century Germany and Italy. (incorrect)
(para1,2)
(F) Printed works were located primarily in
(E) The increased need for classical libraries at the end of the fifteenth century
texts and reference books along with because they were still too expensive for
the existence of an established mass sale. (incorrect)
workshop system stimulated rapid
growth in the printing trade. (para3)