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Thermal Transducers 2

Thermal transducers convert energy into heat energy and include MEMS devices with mechanical components that move when heated. Temperature is commonly measured using semiconductor transducers, thermoresistances, and thermocouples. Resistance thermometers (RTDs) measure temperature by tracking the linear correlation between electrical resistance and temperature changes in pure metals like platinum, nickel, or copper. Platinum is best for RTDs because it follows resistance and temperature relationships repeatably over a wide temperature range.

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Sheikh Muneeb
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38 views2 pages

Thermal Transducers 2

Thermal transducers convert energy into heat energy and include MEMS devices with mechanical components that move when heated. Temperature is commonly measured using semiconductor transducers, thermoresistances, and thermocouples. Resistance thermometers (RTDs) measure temperature by tracking the linear correlation between electrical resistance and temperature changes in pure metals like platinum, nickel, or copper. Platinum is best for RTDs because it follows resistance and temperature relationships repeatably over a wide temperature range.

Uploaded by

Sheikh Muneeb
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© © All Rights Reserved
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THERMAL TRANSDUCERS

A device which converts one form of energy (other than heat energy) into heat energy is known as a
thermal transducer.
There are a number of MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical-system) devices that can be classified as being
thermal transducers. Thermal transducers have mechanical components that move when heated and the
temperature of thermal sensors change in response to stimuli from their environment.

Temperature is measured with different types of transducers of varying complexity and accuracy but, the
use of semiconductors transducers, thermo resistances and thermocouples is very common.
Resistance Thermometer:
Resistance thermometer, also called resistance temperatures detectors (RTDs) is a temperature
transducers that works on the basic principle that “changes in electrical resistance of pure metals is
linearly correlated to changes in temperature”.

RT =Ro (1+αT)

Where temperature coefficient α is the average value over the measurement range.

The most RTD elements consist of a length of fine coiled wire wrapped around a ceramic or glass core.
The RTD element is generally made up of pure materials, typically platinum, nickel or copper. Which
have repeatable resistance vs. temperature .
Nickel elements have a limited temperature range because the amount of change in resistance per degree
of change in temperature becomes very non-linear at temperatures over 572 oF (300 oC).
Copper has a very linear temperature relationship, however copper oxidizes at moderate temperatures and
cannot be used over 302 oF (150 oC).
Platinum is the best metal for RTD because it follows the R vs. T relationship in a highly repeatable
manner over a wide range of temperature. This makes it easier to use for temperature standards over the
range of 272.5 oC to 961.7 oC.

The nickel thermo resistance has temperature coefficient α= 6.17x10 -3 C-1.


The platinum thermo resistance has temperature coefficient α=3.85x10 -3 C-1.

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