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MEEG 630, Intermediate Fluid Mechanics: R U R If A Pressure Gradient

This document provides 5 homework problems related to unidirectional fluid flows: 1. Analyze the velocity distribution, pressure gradient, and shear stress in a laminar flow between a moving belt and stationary wall. 2. Calculate the velocity profile and average velocity in an annular flow, and plot the normalized velocity profile for different ratios of the annulus radii. 3. Derive the velocity distribution for laminar flow down an inclined plane, and calculate the volume flow rate and wall shear stress. 4. Analyze the velocity distribution over time for a line vortex introduced into a viscous fluid, and observe how the vorticity diffuses outward. 5. Derive the velocity distribution

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112 views

MEEG 630, Intermediate Fluid Mechanics: R U R If A Pressure Gradient

This document provides 5 homework problems related to unidirectional fluid flows: 1. Analyze the velocity distribution, pressure gradient, and shear stress in a laminar flow between a moving belt and stationary wall. 2. Calculate the velocity profile and average velocity in an annular flow, and plot the normalized velocity profile for different ratios of the annulus radii. 3. Derive the velocity distribution for laminar flow down an inclined plane, and calculate the volume flow rate and wall shear stress. 4. Analyze the velocity distribution over time for a line vortex introduced into a viscous fluid, and observe how the vorticity diffuses outward. 5. Derive the velocity distribution

Uploaded by

Aditya Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MEEG 630, Intermediate Fluid Mechanics

Homework Set #7: Unidirectional Flows

1. Consider a steady, laminar, unidirectional flow driven by an externally imposed


pressure gradient (dp / dx > 0) and a flat belt moving at 3 m/s. The bottom wall is fixed.
The fluid viscosity is µ = 0.001 kg/(m.s).

a) Solve the velocity distribution for this flow.


b) Calculate the pressure gradient required to cause a zero net flow rate.
c) At what pressure gradient will the shear stress be zero on the bottom wall?

2. Consider the annulus formed between a fixed rod of radius r0 and a fixed tube of
radius r1 .

(a) Find the velocity profile u z (r ) if a pressure gradient ∆p / L is applied in the direction
of the rod axis. Neglect gravity.
(b) Find the average velocity U in the annulus.
r − (r1 + r0 ) / 2 r +r
(c) Plot u z (r ) / U as a function of r! = for β ≡ 1 0 =1.2, 2, 4, 8, and 100
(r1 − r0 ) / 2 r1 − r0
(5 curves in one figure). Comment on your plot.

3. Consider the laminar flow of a fluid layer falling down a plane inclined at an angle
θ with the horizontal. If h is the thickness of the layer in the fully developed stage, show
that the velocity distribution is
g sin θ 2
u= (h − y 2 ) ,
2ν
where the x-axis points along the free surface, and y-axis toward the plane. Also find the
volume flow rate and the wall shear stress.

4. Suppose a line vortex of circulation Γ is suddenly introduced into a viscous fluid at


rest. Show that the solution is
Γ − r 2 / 4ν t
uθ = e
2π r
Sketch the velocity distribution at different times. Calculate and plot the vorticity, and
observe how it diffuses outward.

5. Consider the development from rest of a plane Couette flow. The flow is bounded by
two rigid boundaries at y = 0 and y = h , and the motion is started from rest by suddenly
accelerating the lower plate to a steady velocity U. The upper plate is held stationary.
Notice that similarity solutions cannot exist because of the appearance of the parameter
h . Show that the velocity distribution is given by
 y 2U ∞ 1 νt nπ y
u ( y, t ) = U 1 −  −
 h
∑
π n=1 n
exp(− n 2π 2 2 ) sin
h h
Sketch the flow pattern at various times, and observe how the velocity reaches the linear
distribution for large times. Hint: You may introduce a new variable
 y
q ( y, t ) ≡ u − U  1 − 
 h
so that q ( y, t ) satisfies homogeneous BC’s. You can then solve q ( y, t ) by the method of
separation of variables.

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