2019 International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Communication Engineering (ECCE), 7-9 February, 2019
Design and Implementation of SENSEPACK: An
IoT Based Mushroom Cultivation Monitoring
System
Abdul Alim Shakir Faysal Hakim Mirza Rasheduzzaman
IoT Department Department of Electrical and Electronic Department of Electrical and Electronic
DataSoft System Bangladesh Ltd Engineering Engineering
Dhaka, Bangladesh University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh
[email protected] Dhaka, Bangladesh Dhaka, Bangladesh
[email protected] [email protected] Sagar Chakraborty Sazzad Hossain
Tausif Uddin Ahmed
IoT Department Department of Computer Science and
IoT Department
DataSoft System Bangladesh Ltd Engineering
DataSoft System Bangladesh Ltd
Dhaka, Bangladesh University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh
Dhaka, Bangladesh
[email protected] Dhaka, Bangladesh
[email protected] [email protected] Abstract—In this paper, the design and implementation of 26 degree Celsius [3]. However, it has been reported that,
SENSEPACK - a smart system to monitor room environment low temperature and low humidity produce smaller
of mushroom cultivation farm is reported. The system mushrooms in large scale whereas high temperature and
measures the temperature, humidity, light and CO2 level with humidity produce larges mushroom on a small scale [3]. In
appropriate sensors. The obtained data can be utilized to final stage, the temperature is maintained to harvest the
control the environment of the nursing room with the help of mushroom. Moreover, the temperature can be varied from 17
external devices such as water pump, exhaust fan, light bulb to 23 degree Celsius to cultivate mushroom throughout the
and air conditioner. An android/web-based application has year.
been developed for the ease of monitoring the system. The
software application allows automation and remote operation Mushroom cultivation, although free from chemical
of the external devices to maintain and control the optimum fertilizer and pesticides, is critical since it requires careful
environment. inspection and control of nursery environment. The
temperature and humidity are two key factors for growth and
Keywords— Mushroom, Cultivation, Android, Arduino, development of different types of mushroom. Other
Smart, IoT, Monitoring System important factors are the light intensity and air quality which
also determine the amount of the production. Generally,
I. INTRODUCTION these factors are controlled manually by farmers.
Maintaining the optimum environment for mushroom
Mushroom is an edible fungus which is cultivated using cultivation manually is time consuming and challenging.
seeds developed from tissue culture technique. Mushroom is Automation and inclusion of smart electronic devices in
cultivated methodically in a clean environment without mushroom cultivation have been on the rise in recent years
applying any chemical fertilizer and pesticides. To meet the [4-6]. This is mainly because of automated mushroom
high demand of mushroom because of its taste and nutrition, cultivation system reportedly being more efficient in
it is now cultivated over hundred countries [1]. Of these controlling the optimum parameters and thus resulting in
countries, China is producing over 70% of the total edible more yield [4-7]. In Thailand, Kaewwiset et.al. developed a
mushrooms produced in the world [1-2]. fuzzy logic-based method to control temperature and
Mushroom cultivation can be divided into five phases. humidity for three different mushrooms [4]. In 2018, a
They are commonly termed as composting, spawning, research group based in Indonesia controlled the same
casing, pinning and harvesting [1]. A very important material parameters by developing an Arduino based system [5].
for mushroom cultivation is compost which is prepared from They used an android app to monitor and control temperature
a combination of ingredients that includes horse manure and and humidity by systematically turning on and off the heater
straw mixed with water. After preparation, the compost is and water pump. Mohammad et. al. developed an oyster
mixed with spawn which produces mycelium (mushroom). mushroom cultivation system based on Internet of Things
The mycelium is then allowed to spread through the (IoT) in Malaysia in 2018 [6]. Adhitya et. al. compared fuzzy
compost. After two-three weeks, the mycelium protrudes the logic and neural network based mushroom cultivation system
compost. At this point the compost is spread in a bed where and determined the optimum and effective method [7].
mushrooms grow. The beds should be placed in darks rooms Although neighboring countries are adopting technology-
where temperature needs to be around 23 degree Celsius and oriented systems for effective and efficient mushroom
the humidity needs to be in between 70% and 80%. cultivation, Bangladesh is still struggling with the traditional
Therefore, it is necessary to include water spraying system. method. Thus, despite having a suitable climate for
The optimum temperature for mushroom cultivation is 22 to mushroom cultivation, the annual production of mushroom
978-1-5386-9111-3/19/$31.00 ©2019 IEEE
in Bangladesh is still very low. Therefore, an automated 135 has been used. These two sensors along with light
monitoring and cultivation system is necessary to improve dependent resistors (LDR) have been connected to ESP12E
the production and commercialization of mushroom. Devkit. The system takes inputs from these sensors and logs
the data for remote monitoring and controlling. To control
In this paper, the design and implementation of an IoT the room environment, there is a provision to connect four
based mushroom cultivation monitoring system external devices to the microcontroller board. An air
‘SENSEPACK’ is reported which is developed by DataSoft, conditioner, an exhaust fan, a water pump motor and light
a leading (CMMI DEV/5, ISO certified) software product bulb can be used to control temperature, CO2 level, humidity
and services company in Bangladesh. The optimal IoT based and light intensity of the nursing room respectively. The
solution takes inputs from the mushroom nursing interfacing of these devices has been carried out in a separate
environment using light sensor, gas sensor, humidity sensor board. The PCB layouts of the sensor board and control
and temperature sensor. It displays the sensed values to its board are shown in Fig. 1(a) and 1(b). The schematic of the
user for remote monitoring. Using the device, it is also sensor board can be seen in Fig. 2.
possible to control the optimum level of temperature,
humidity, light intensity and CO2 level in the room by
turning on/off external devices such as exhaust fan, light
bulb, AC and water sprayer. A dedicated application
especially developed for the system allows to easily monitor
and control in the environment in the nursing room. The
application allows controlling the optimum environment both
manually and automatically for four different mushroom
species namely, oyster, milky, button and shitake mushroom.
The system is designed to help a mushroom cultivator as an
assistant to cultivate mushroom and pave the way for
efficient and highly yielding indoor gardening. Using the
proposed solution, it will also be possible to produce
mushroom efficiently throughout the year.
(a)
II. METHODOLOGY
The methodology of this work has been divided into two
parts. The first part is the design and hardware construction
of the monitoring system. The second part is the
development of the graphical user interface (GUI) for
monitoring and controlling the system.
A. Hardware Design and Implementation
The IoT based mushroom cultivation system has been
designed with an Arduino Mega microcontroller and an
ESP12E Devkit being at the core of its components. The two
separate designs have been carried out for sensor system and
control system. The first task of the system is to take inputs
from the environment by sensing where it has been installed.
(b)
For temperature and humidity sensing, a low-cost digital Fig. 1. PCB layout for (a) sensor board (b) control board
sensor DHT 22 has been used. For CO2 gas sensing, MQ –
.
Fig. 2. Schematic of the sensor board.
The control board has been designed for controlling
different external devices (AC, water pump motor, exhaust
fan, light bulbs). The devices have been connected with the
Devkit using standard 220V to 5V relay circuit. Table I lists
the components that have been used for construction of the
system.
TABLE I. COMPONENTS USED IN SENSOR BOARD AND CONTROL
BOARD
Serial No. Name Remarks
1 DHT 22 Temperature and Humidity Sensor
2 MQ- 135 Gas sensor
3 LDR Light Sensor
4 Arduino Mega Microcontroller
5 ESP12E Devkit UART WiFi Module
6 DCJ0202 DC power connectors
7 BC 547 Transistors
8 Relay 220 V to 5 V
9 Display OLED (a) (b)
10 DS1307 Real time clock
11 BC 547 NPN transistor
12 BD 135 NPN transistor
13 1N4004 Diode
14 L7805 DC voltage regulator
15 Resistors Circuitry
16 LED On board status indicators
B. Graphical User Interface
The automated mushroom cultivation management
system has been integrated with IoT for remote monitoring
and controlling. An android based application has been
developed to control the room environment remotely from
anywhere anytime. This IoT solution lessens manual labour
to substantial extent. The android app along with the device
is the integrated IoT based solution.
After installing the app on their mobile device, a user can log (c) (d)
in to the app using valid username and password (Fig. 3(a)).
After login, the user can see all the sensors data from the
monitoring system (Fig. 3(b)). In addition to monitoring, the
application allows to automatically maintain the optimum
environmental for mushroom cultivation. A user can also
manually control the components of the system. As it can be
seen in Fig. 3(c)-(d), a user can set optimum temperature to
control the cultivation house environment through given
cooling system in the mobile app. To enable water spraying
system user can set time for water spraying in several times
(maximum 5 times) per day as depicted in Fig. 3(e). In those
selected times device starts processing automatically to
create mist from water with the system installed in the
nursing room. It can also be seen in Fig. 3(f) that there are
two buttons in the app to operate exhaust fan and water
pump. By using this feature, the user can switch them on/off
manually at anytime from anywhere. The monitoring and
controlling can also be performed using a browser-based user
interface.
(e) (f)
The mobile app or browser-based monitoring system is
Fig. 3. Pictorial description of the monitoring system (Android app)
connected to the sensor and control boards using web server developed for the device. (a) Log in (b) Data monitoring (c) Optimum value
and cloud computing technology thorough the internet. The setting (d) temperature setting (e) Time setting (f) External device
complete workflow incorporating the hardware design and controlling.
software-based monitoring system is shown in Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Flow diagram of the proposed mehtodology
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS It can be seen in Fig. 5 that the humidity of the room
To monitor performance, the system has been installed in gradually increases with time as recorded by the monitoring
two mushroom cultivation rooms of National Mushroom system. It has been possible to monitor the humidity from
Development and Extension Center (NMDEC) in Savar, 50% up to 85% in one day. The optimum humidity for
Bangladesh. In each room, temperature and humidity oyster mushroom is 60-65%, 70-80% and above 85% for
sensors, gas sensor and light sensors are placed to collect mycelium growth, fruiting bodies growth and post
data for monitoring purpose. The water spraying system, fermentation respectively [3]. With the proposed system, it is
exhaust fan, light bulbs and AC are also installed and be possible to monitor all range of humidity efficiently. It is
connected to the monitoring system to control the also possible to control the humidity of the ambient using the
environment in the rooms. In this section, the performance of water spraying system, which is beyond the scope of this
the monitoring system has been discussed. work.
Fig. 5 shows the plot of humidity of one nursing room of Timeline 20/05/2018 10.00 AM - 21/05/2018 10.00 AM
NMDEC in one day. The humidity of the room has been 500
initially recorded at around 50%. Then the water pump motor
has been remotely turned on for a short period at five
Light Intensity (Lumen)
different times starting from 10.00 AM morning to 06.00 400
AM morning the next day.
300
Timeline 20/05/2018 10.00 AM - 21/05/2018 10.00 AM
90
200
80
100
Humidity (%)
70
0
0 4 8 12 16 20 24
60 Time (Hours)
Fig. 6. Monitored values of light intensity in one day.
50 The light intensity inside the room has also been
monitored along with the humidity. The monitored data has
40 been plotted with respect to time (one day in the same room)
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 and shown in Fig. 6. The light bulbs installed in the room
Time (Hours) were set to turn on at 06.00 PM evening and turn off at 06.00
AM next morning. It can be seen in Fig. 6 that the light
Fig. 5. Monitored values of humidity in one day.
intensity is 80 Lumen when the light bulbs are not turned on
and 400 Lumen during the time when the light bulbs are The relationship between temperature and light intensity
turned on. has been further monitored on a four-day timeline. The
monitored data have been depicted in Fig. 9 and Fig. 10.
Timeline 20/05/2018 10.00 AM - 21/05/2018 10.00 AM Here the light bulbs have been turned on for longer period
30 and as expected, the temperature increase has been noted
higher than before. The maximum temperature noted in this
29 case is 32 degree Celsius.
Temperature (Celsius)
500
28
Light Intensity (Lumen)
27 400
26 300
25
200
24
0 4 8 12 16 20 24
Time (Hours) 100
Fig. 7. Monitored values of temperature in one day.
0
0 24 48 72 96
Fig. 7 shows plot of monitored data of temperature in one
day scale for the same room as of Fig. 5. It is notable that the Time (Hours)
temperature remains relatively constant at 24 degree Celsius
Fig. 9. Monitored values of light intensity in four days.
in first eight hours i.e. from 10.00 AM morning to 06.00 PM
evening. However, after 06.00 PM, a gradual increase in
temperature has been recorded by the system. This is because 32
of the light bulbs installed in the room being turned on from
06.00 PM to 06.00 AM next morning, as mentioned earlier.
Temperature (Celsius)
30
In this time, temperature has been monitored and maximum
temperature noted is 28 degree Celsius. The temperature
decreased to 24 degree Celsius the next morning starting 28
from 06.00 AM. The suitable temperature for growth of
oyster mushroom is 22-26 degree Celsius [3] [8].
26
Timeline 20/05/2018 10.00 AM - 21/05/2018 10.00 AM
700 24
600 22
0 24 48 72 96
CO2 Level (PPM)
500
Time (Hours)
Fig. 10. Monitored values of temperature in four days.
400
Monitoring the related parameters is the first outcome of
the IoT based mushroom cultivation system. The second
300
stage will of course be controlling the parameters using the
external devices installed along with the system in the
200 nursing room. Currently, the system allows its user to
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 maintain certain levels of CO2 level and humidity through
Time (Hours) remote controlled operations on water pump and exhaust fan.
Fig. 8. Monitored values of CO2 level in one day. Controlling temperature and light intensity will be added to
the integrated system once permitted by NMDEC. This will
be discussed in the future scopes.
Fig. 8 depicts the monitored data of CO2 level measured
in PPM (parts per million) and plotted against time. Patterns IV. CONCLUSIONS
similar to light intensity and temperature have been observed In this paper, the design and implementation of an IoT
in the level of CO2. This can be attributed to the fact that in based mushroom cultivation monitoring system is presented.
presence of artificial light, the mushroom tends to generate In the study, temperature, humidity, light intensity and CO2
more CO2 than in the usual state. From 06.00 PM to 06.00 level, which are critical parameters for mushroom growth
AM, CO2 generation is higher with peak value reaching and production, have been monitored for different
around 600 PPM in midnight. mushrooms. The system allows to automatically optimize
these parameters by analyzing the collected data. It is also
possible to control the parameters with the help from external
devices connected to the monitoring system. The whole
process can be done remotely by an IoT based application. If
implemented, this solution has the potential to remarkably
improve the production of mushroom at reduced cost and
labour.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We would like to thank Dr. Nirod Chandra Sarker,
Program Director of Mushroom Research Institute (MRI)
and authorities of National Mushroom Development and
Extension Center (NMDEC) for their support and warm
hospitality.
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