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DEFEATING THE MINE THREAT

Peter B Nilsson
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SAAB NAVAL MCM

THE MINE THREAT

CURRENT APPROACH
THE PLATFORMS
THE TOOLBOX
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WHY MINES
Note:
That the majority of
the damaged vessels
believed that they
were outside the
minefield.
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THE MINE

Activated by:

• Physical Contact

• Influence
• Magnetic
• Electric
• Pressure
• Acoustic
• Sonar
transmission

A modern mine discriminates a valid target by using combinations of activation criteria's

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NEW THREATS

• Stealth Mines – low target strength

• Multisensor fused
• May be laid – or placed – ideally
• New signatures: seismic, electrical,
• New sensors in old mines
• Anti-sweep/anti-hunt devices

• In the littorals: some mines

will be unhuntable or
unsweepable!
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NEW THREATS
• Easy for a terrorist to influence the
economy by putting explosives in choke
points
• A few statically positioned mines would stop
all traffic for a long time before it considered
safe again.
• What's needed to mine ?
• A small boat like fishing boat, RIB,
normal pleasure craft

The question is not IF it will happen it’s WHEN.

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SWEDISH NAVY BACKGROUND

• Heritage
‒ Baltic sea conditions
‒ Heavy traffic
‒ Heavily mined
‒ Sweden dependents ~165 000
on sea transportation Mines about
‒ Due to the fact that 35%
Sweden is neutral
means the we can’t remains
rely on assistant from
someone.
‒ These hard conditions
have forced the navy
to develop high
competence in MCM.
Especially from WW2
onwards.

200 NM
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HYDROACOUSTICS IN THE BALTIC SEA

A very complex MCM environment due to:

 Very shallow water (50 m on average)
 Low salinity (ca. 8 ppt)
 Low acoustic absorption
 Strong seasonal variation in temperature
 Layers in temperature and salinity
 Complicated sound speed profiles
 High level of reverberation
 Poor low frequency transmission
 Muddy water, organic material, poor visibility
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“Nordic Group” 4 MCMVs

JOINT MISSIONS
M75 Vinga from Sweden
M77 Ulvön from Sweden
M14 Sturkö from Sweden
M343 Hinnöy from Norway

• Example “Open Spirit”

‒ Latvia, May 2014
‒ Annual joint operation to clear underwater explosives
‒ 19 MCMVs from 13 countries

• Three groups
NATO SNMCMG1 8 MCMVs
‒ NATO standing SNMCMG1 M857 Makkum from The Netherlands “German Group” 7 MCMVs
‒ “Nordic Group” M916 Bellis from Belgium M1069 Homburg from Germany
M351 Otra from Norway M1068 Datteln from Germany
‒ “German” Group M313 Admiral Cowan from Estonia M1064 Bad Bevensen from Germany
M642 Cassiopee from France M1065 Dillingen from Germany
M647 L’Aigle from France
• Post mission analysis 621 Flaming from Poland
M917 Crocus from Belgium
M53 Skalvis from Lithuania
M-06 Tālivaldis from Latvia
‒ “Nordic Group” found 51 mines + 1 torpedo M-05 Viesturs from Latvia

‒ NATO SNMCMG1
21 mines together
‒ “German Group”
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CURRENT APPROACH

Sweeping Hunting
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THE FUTURE APPROACH

Sweeping

Hunting
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THE SHIP
Main Data (approx.)
Lean arrangement Length O.A. 80.0m
Breadth 12.5m
Multi role Draught DWL (Hull) 3.1m
Displacement DWL 1000-1250t
Hull structure Composite or Steel
Survivability Superstructure CFRP
Classification:DNV +1A1 LC R0 Naval E0 (navdist)

Signatures
Adaptable over time

Proven design
Life Cycle Cost
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THE NEXT GENERATION CORVETTE FAMILY

BASED ON PROVEN SOLUTIONS
Mission Modules Shock Resistance
(StanFlex) (Koster , Styrsö, Visby StanFlex, etc)

Littoral Mission Vessel

Unmanned Vehicles MCM Technologies
(SAM, Piraya) (Koster, Styrsö, Visby, SAM etc )

Stern Launch & Recovery

(Swedish Coast Guard)
ASuW Systems
NG Corvette Family (Stockholm, Gothenburg , Visby, Koster etc)
OPV, FAC, ASW, ASuW, MCM, Multi-role

Steel / Hybrid Design Stealth Technologies

(P28 corvette) (Visby, Smyge, Koster, Gothenburg etc)

Visby class corvettes

Stealth technologies, Multi-role, Composite Hull
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THE NEXT GENERATION CORVETTES

55m Fast Attack Craft

73m Visby Export

80m Offshore Patrol Vessel

88m Multi Mission Corvette

98m FLEXpatrol
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MCM – DIFFERENT PHILOSOPHIES

Dedicated Multi-functional Mothership Unmanned

• Low signatures • Low signatures • Medium to high • Mobile by air, sea and
• High shock resistance • High shock resistance signatures land
• Low speed • High speed • Medium shock resistance • Dependent on
• Low to medium speed support
• Low defence capability • High defence capability
• Medium defence • Low cost
• Medium cost • High cost
capability
• Low to medium cost
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USV – UNMANNED SURFACE VESSELS

PIRAYA DOLPHIN P16 -
Light USV Mid-size USV Large USV Very Large USV

Length: 4.3 m Length: 11 m Length: 17 m Length: 50 m

Displacement: 400 kg Displacement: 12 t Displacement: 22 t Displacement: 300 t
Speed: +20 knots Speed: 35 knots Speed: +50 knots Speed: +35 knots
Payload: 100 kg Payload: 2t Payload: 3t Payload: Full combat suit
Capabilities: Capabilities: Capabilities: Capabilities:
• Sensor carrier • ASW • Anti USV Warfare • AAW
• Patrol / surveillance • MCM • Communication hub • ASuW
• Communication hub • Communication hub • Patrol / surveillance • ASW
• Patrol / surveillance • Carry Light USV´s
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UNMANNED SYSTEMS – HANDLING AND INTERACTION

Integrated mast: Sensors and

communication UAV, USV

Hangar: Storage and service

UAV

Stern ramp: Launch and

recovery USV, UUV

Heli-deck: Take-off and

landing UAV

Mission bay: Storage and

service USV, UUV
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THE TOOLS
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THE UNDERWATER ADVANTAGE

MCM systems Weapon systems UW Defence systems Training systems Commercial UW

systems

Double Eagle HW Torpedoes SeaWasp AUV62-AT Sabertooth

AUV62-MR LW Torpedoes

MuMNS
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MINE COUNTERMEASURES (MCM)

CAPABILITIES FROM DETECTION TO DISPOSE OF SEAMINES

AUV system for: Hybrid (AUV/ROV) system for: ROV system for:
Covert MCM operations Autonomous mine search Mine hunting
Large area search Mine hunting Mine disposal
Autonomous mine search Mine disposal IED Operations
Seabed mapping Seabed mapping

SEARCH - DETECT SEARCH – DETECT SEARCH - DETECT - DISPOSE

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REMOTELY OPERATED VEHICLES (ROV) IN MCM

The Double Eagle

Controlled via tether

Launched from/recoverable by ship or shore

Very stable vehicle i.e. capable of performing

high resolutions sensor surveys and mine neutralization
Low magnetic signature

Very high reliability

Can be fitted with camera, tools etc

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DOUBLE EAGLE – MINE HUNTING

PVDS CONFIGURATIONS
PVDS – Propelled variable depth sonar

Belgium France

Netherlands Finland

Sweden Poland

Proven, in Service
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DOUBLE EAGLE
MODULARITY & SCALABILITY
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PAYLOAD MODULARITY GIVES MISSION FLEXIBILITY

BENEFITS:
USING THE SAME VEHICLE FOR A VARIETY OF MISSION
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SEA WASP - COUNTER IED SYSTEM

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SEA WASP - COUNTER IED SYSTEM

Developed by merging of technologies

Purpose
• Search, identification and disposal of
potential explosives, such as IEDs
(improvised explosive devices) in
ports, harbours and coastal waterways
for maritime traffic.

Customer
• US CTTSO (Combating Terrorism
Technical Support Office)

Users
• Police, FBI, Navy counter IED and
other law enforcement agencies in the
United States
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SEA WASP – COUNTER IED SYSTEM

EXAMPLE OF MERGING TECHNOLOGY (UK-SWEDEN)
In 2016 Saab participated with Sea Wasp in the UK Royal
Navy´s military exercise and demonstration Unmanned
Warrior, held in Scotland and Wales.

Sea Wasp, a waterborne security system specially designed to

deal with the modern threat of waterborne IEDs in
harbour areas.
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MULTI SHOT MINE NEUTRALIZATION SYSTEM

A VITAL PART OF THE UK/FR MCM PROGRAM
The MMCM programme is a key milestone in the transformation of mine countermeasures
capabilities and the future operational use of unmanned naval systems.

This major UK-French programme will develop a new industrial capability/technology for
underwater and robotic detection.
Saab has been working with BAE Systems and Thales to design a unique mine disposal system based
on a new Saab remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) launched from a Unmanned surface vehicle (USV)
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MCM
AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS

AUV62 Double Eagle SAROV: a hybrid AUV/ROV

Long range autonomous missions Medium range autonomous missions or controlled
Launched from/recoverable by ship, submarine via tether
tube or shore Launched from/recoverable by ship or shore
Very stable vehicle capable of performing tasks Very stable vehicle capable of performing tasks like
like high-resolution sensor surveys high-resolution sensor surveys
Can be equipped with extras such as camera and tools
Hovering capability
Extremely high manoeuvrability, 360 degrees in
pitch and roll
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WHY TO USE AN
AUV FOR MINE HUNTING?

”Force Multiplier”, i.e. parallel activities

• AUV - Search phase
• Ship unit - Identification phase
• Ship unit - Disposal phase

The AUV carries out its task:

• Covertly
• With High Endurance. (>24h)
• With High Precision.
• At a Very High Coverage Rate.
• With a Very High Probability of Detection.
• Virtually Unaffected by the Sea State.
• Without Exposing Personnel to the Hazards of a Mine Field.
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MCM DE SAROV – HYBRID

TWO CAPABILITIES WITHIN ONE VEHICLE

Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV)

Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV)
Surveillance, reconnaissance
0-8 knots in AUV mode
10+ hours running time at 5 knots
Up to 1 km range in ROV mode
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MINE SWEEP

Hunt were you can – Sweep were you must

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TOMAS SWEEP

The sweep has the same signature as the ship that should pass the area
Pros: Fast , simple , robust
Con : Only activates mines if they have an influence trigger.
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MINE COUNTERMEASURES (MCM) TOOLS SAM 3

Principle of influence minesweeping:

To emulate underwater signatures to mislead
the mine to believe it’s a real and valid target
and thereby detonate.
Target & mine setting mode & mine jamming
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SWEEP FLEXIBILITY
Mine Setting Mode & Target Setting Mode Target Setting Mode
Mine jamming
Influence sea mine with Degaussed naval vessel Cargo vessel
known trigger parameters

Single-SAM 3 Single- or multi-SAM 3 Multi-SAM 3

Mine setting signatures

Low signatures High signatures
1500 50 Total fie ld
45
1000
40
500
35
30 1
[nT]

0 25 2
50 100 150 200 250 300 20
-500 3
15
10 4
-1000
5 5
-1500 0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
[m]
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SAM 3 MAIN FEATURES

• Unmanned
• Efficient / Fast in shallow waters
• Transportable i a 40” container and
assembled by four (4).
• Flexible sweep signature output with
multi vehicle functionality
• Extremely high shock resistance
• Can be combined with TOMAS
Sweep rods.
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Questions ?