Excel business academy Bangalore

Litrature surveys:
Rain water harvesting is existing from last many years. The water harvested from rain used for
many purposes even for drinking water also.Consuption of water is too much in urban areas
than the rural areas. So in order to prevent the water cricis and fulfill the demand of the people
many companies , institutions, school collages and government are involved .

MODEL PROJECTS
CSE is constantly deluged with queries, opinions and ideas from people who are concerned
about the prevailing water crisis and are keen to play an active role in managing water. The
Sixteen model projects provide the answers, at least to some of them. These also act as effective
tools to establish the fact that rainwater harvesting can be taken up and implemented successfully
in urban centers, by all concerned individuals who are looking for a way to fulfill their own
water needs.

As a part of the Centre for Science and Environment's (CSE) campaign to spread awareness
about community based rainwater harvesting techniques, the centre has identified Sixteen model
projects in Delhi, from among those that have been designed by it. CSE has helped in the process
of implementation of these and has been monitoring their impact on a regular basis. These
Sixteen model projects have been constructed by enterprising citizens who sought CSE's help to
setup rainwater harvesting structures in their colonies and institutions. The structures have a
distinctive geographical and geological characteristic; the Mira Model School model, for
example, has been constructed on a sedimentary terrain and the Shri Ram School project is on a
hilly terrain. They also feature different forms of rainwater harvesting - rooftop harvesting and
surface water harvesting.

The following are the selected sites:

 Mira Model School

 Janki Devi Memorial College
 Jamia Hamdard University
 The Shri Ram School
 Panchsheel Park colony
 Tex Corps Limited
 Ford Foundation
 Sri Aurobindo Ashram
 The Tihar Jail
 Garden Estate
 Indian Spinal Injury Centre
 BPCL Housing Complex
 Defence Colony
 Hero Honda Motors, Daruhera, Gurgaon
 Anup Ahuja's Farm House, Sultanpur Estate
 Surya Vihar Appartment, Gurgaon

[Type text] Page 1

Excel business academy Bangalore

 Mother Dairy F & V Unit's

 New Friends Colony's
 Delhi Gymkhana
 Nizamuddin East Colony's
 Royal Bhutanese Embassy's

IMPACTS: CSE has been constantly monitoring changes in the water levels in its 11
model projects in Delhi and Gurgaon (Haryana). The impact of rainwater harvesting on
the quality and quantity of groundwater in the location has been remarkable, proving
beyond doubt that rainwater harvesting is one of the most effective tools to arrest the
rapidly depleting groundwater reserves.

Here I would like to explore the harvesting system of some important institutions.

MIRA MODEL SCHOOL'S RAINWATER HARVESTING

SYSTEM

RAINWATER AVAILABLE FOR HARVESTING:

Total rooftop and surface area: 16,200 Square metres (Sq.m)

Average annual rainfall in Delhi : 611 millimetres (mm)

Total volume of rainwater harvested : 4,454 cubic metres (m³), or 44,54,000 litres

This is 45 per cent of the total water harvesting potential.

WATER SUPPLY SOURCE

The non-potable water requirement is mainly fulfilled by the two borewells in the campus. The
municipal water supply takes care of the drinking water requirements.

RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM

Rooftop rainwater and surface runoff harvesting

WESTERN SIDE OF THE BUILDING

A part of the rooftop along with the surface runoff from the paved area near the playground is
intercepted in a drain that is connected to a desilting chamber. The silt-free water from the
chamber (measuring 300mm x 300mm
x 300mm) enters a recharge structure of 1m x 1m x 1m. To facilitate recharge, a 15m deep
borewell of 100mm diameter is provided inside the recharge well. A layer of pebbles and sand
filled inside the recharge well acts as filtering media, ensuring the quality of runoff that is being
recharged.

EASTERN SIDE OF THE BUILDING

[Type text] Page 2

Excel business academy Bangalore

Rooftop rainwater and surface runoff in the eastern side of the building is channelised through a
stormwater drain to a recharge structure measuring 2m x 2m x 3m. To facilitate recharge, an 8m
deep borewell of 100mm diameter is provided inside the recharge well.

THE FOOTBALL GROUND

Runoff from the playground is captured on the northwestern corner of the playground in a
recharge well of 1.5m x 1.5m x 1.5m by means of a trench filled with pebbles surrounding the
pit. The 14m deep borewell provided inside the recharge well facilitates recharging of the
aquifer. Overflow from this structure drains into another recharge well of dimensions 2m x 2m x
2m through a network of pipes linked through chambers.

The project was implemented in June 2001. The cost of the entire rainwater harvesting system
was Rs 1.20 lakhs.

IMPACT

Water level data

Although water levels are very shallow in this area, they are declining rapidly due to the heavy
exploitation of ground water.

Results of monitoring
Water level 2006
Water level 2005 Water quality 2005
Water level 2002-2004 Water quality 2004
  Water quality 2002

Water Level 2006

[Type text] Page 3

Excel business academy Bangalore

Water quality 2005

[Type text] Page 4

Excel business academy Bangalore

 
Water Quality 2004

[Type text] Page 5

Excel business academy Bangalore

JAMIA HAMDARD UNIVERSITY'S RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM

Got 1st rank in Institutional category. Mr S. Ahmad, Vice Chancellor, Jamia Hamdard
University receiving Rs 2 Lakh award from Chief minister

RAINWATER AVAILABLE FOR HARVESTING

Total rooftop and surface area: 3,15,380 square metres (sq m)

Average annual rainfall in Delhi : 611 millimetres (mm)

Total volume of rainwater harvested: 67444 cubic meters (m³) or 6,74,44,000 litres.

This represents 35 per cent of total rainwater harvesting potential

WATER SUPPLY SOURCE

The daily water requirement of approximately six lakh litres is extracted from six borewells. The
remaining requirement is met through private water tankers.

RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM

Rainwater from various catchments, such as rooftop, surface runoff from open areas and runoff
from the Jahanpanah Reserve Forest are harvested.

1. ROOFTOP RAINWATER HARVESTING

a) Rooftop rainwater harvesting at the library building

[Type text] Page 6

Excel business academy Bangalore

Rainwater from the library's rooftop is taken to a desilting chamber measuring 2m x 2m x 3m

through a closed drain. A baffle wall divides the desilting chamber into two compartments--
settlement and filtering chambers. The rainwater first enters the desilting chamber where the silt
gets collected and then overflows into the filtering chamber. The filtering chamber has pebbles,
which further filters the rainwater before diverting it into the recharge well. The recharge well
measures 1.5m x 1.5m x 3m in size with a 30m deep recharge borewell measuring 100mm in
diameter.

b) Rooftop rainwater harvesting at the girls' hostel

Rainwater from the hostel terrace is diverted to a circular recharge well 2m in diameter and 3m
deep through a closed channel. A desilting chamber is created by constructing a baffle wall
inside the recharge well. The rainwater from the terrace flows into the desilting chamber, where
the silt gets deposited. The silt-free water overflows into the recharge well. The recharge well
encompasses a borewell which is 100mm in diameter and 30m deep.

2. SURFACE RUNOFF HARVESTING

a) Surface runoff harvesting near library building

Surface runoff from the paved and unpaved areas surrounding the library is collected in two
trenches located in the eastern part of the campus (near Gates 5 and 6). The runoff collected near
Gate 5 is diverted into a recharge well. Similarly, the runoff from the northern side of the
building is drained into an abandoned open dugwell near Gate 6.

b) Surface runoff harvesting from Jahanpanah Reserve Forest

The surface runoff from the Jahanpanah reserve forest collects in a pond from where it flows
through a stormwater drain adjacent to the Scholars' House. This runoff water is channelised into
a desilting chamber and then into a recharge well which measures 2m x 2m x 3m with the help of
a 1m high diversion wall.

3. SURFACE RUNOFF AND ROOFTOP RAINWATER HARVESTING AT HAMDARD

ARCHIVES & RESEARCH CENTRE
The rooftop rainwater and the surface runoff are collected in an open drain which runs adjacent
to the building. This drain, measuring 450mm in width and 300mm in depth carries the rainwater
into the desilting chamber. The silt-free water is diverted to a recharge well which has a borewell
to recharge the groundwater.

The project was implemented in June 2001. The total cost for implementation of recharge
structures was Rs. 6.52 lakhs.

IMPACT

Water level data

Before installing the rainwater harvesting system water levels in Jamia Hamdard were declining

[Type text] Page 7

Excel business academy Bangalore

at alarming rates. Most of the tube wells that are the only source of water supply in the 100-acre
campus were going dry every year. The water level in May 2002 was 47.5m below ground level
(bgl). After successfully implementing rainwater harvesting in the campus at different locations,
the water level rose to 38.0m (bgl) in September 2002, after the monsoon. The water level in
May 2003 was around 45.0 m (bgl). The water level in July 2003 stands at 39.0 m (bgl),
representing a net rise of 6m, or 19.68 feet.

 HERO HONDA MOTORS RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM

RAINWATER AVAILABLE FOR HARVESTING

Total rooftop area:

11,080 square metres (sq m)Av

erage annual rainfall in Gurgaon:4

577.8 millimetres (mm)

Total rainwater available from rainfall: 5,441 metre cubic (m 3 ) or 54,41,720 litres (Which is 85
per cent of total rainwater harvesting potential of these buildings.)

WATER SUPPLY SOURCE

The water requirements for potable and non potable purposes are met by four
bore wells located in the factory premises.

RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM

PHASE-I
The rooftop rainwater from the Administrative building, the New Time Office, the Dispensary,
the Canteen, the R & D Centre and the Export & Dispatch buildings is collected by a series of
collection chambers and interconnecting pipes. This water is diverted to recharge wells
constructed at six different locations in the factory premise. The recharge wells are of the size of
3 m x 2 m x 3 m and are provided with recharge bore wells of 8 inch diameter and 40 m depth.
The recharge wells are filled with three layers of pebbles ranging from 10 mm to 100 mm in size,
which ensure efficient filteration. The implementation of phase-I was completed in June 2002.

PHASE-II
The rooftop rainwater from the remaning part of the R & D Centre, the Canteen building, the

[Type text] Page 8

Excel business academy Bangalore

Newly Constructed Gears & Shaft section and the New Alluminium Phase is also collected in
collection chambers and through interconnecting pipes diverted to recharge wells at four
different ocations. The design and dimensions of the recharge wells remain the same as in phase-
I.

The implementation of phase-II was completed in February 2004. The groundwater level, as in
February 2004, was around 17 m below ground level (bgl).

The total cost incurred: Rs 12 lakhs

Garden estate Resident welfare association

RAINWATER AVAILABLE FOR HARVESTING

Total area - 89,012 square metres (Sq m)

Average annual rainfall in Gurgaon - 577.8 millimetre (mm)

Total volume of water harvested - 23549.32 cubic metre (m³) or 2,35,49,320 litres

This represents 45.8 per cent of the total rainwater harvesting potential.

WATER SUPPLY SOURCE

The four borewells inside the colony provide around 5.5 lakh litres of water every day.

RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM

Rooftop rainwater harvesting:

Rooftop rainwater from the MA 1/2 block is diverted into a recharge well through a series of
chambers and interconnected pipes. This recharge well measures 2.5m x 1.25m x 3.5m in
dimension with two recharge bores, each 150mm in diameter and 20m deep. The recharge well is
filled with three layers of pebbles ranging from 10mm to 100mm in size, which act as filtering
media.

Surface runoff harvesting:

[Type text] Page 9

Excel business academy Bangalore

The rooftop rainwater and surface runoff from the paved and unpaved areas in the colony are
collected in a series of interconnected collection chambers. This water is harvested by converting
the 116 collection chambers into percolation pits by drilling a recharge bore of 100mm diameter
and 15m deep. The quality of runoff water through these recharge bores is ensured through a
filter media.

The implementation was completed on July 2001, and the water level on February 2003 was
recorded at 39.6 m below ground level (bgl).

The cost of the entire rainwater harvesting system was Rs 5.9 lakh.

IMPACT

Water level data

This project showed it was possible to minimise water logging in colonies through rainwater
harvesting. The roads of Garden Estate became waterlogged even after a short shower. The water
level was recorded at 39.6m below ground level (bgl) in April 2003. Concerned with declining
water tables and water logging, the Garden Estate Resident Welfare Association decided to adopt
rainwater harvesting throughout the colony. After the successful implementation, the problem of
water logging has been solved and the water level recorded in July 2003 was 37.9m (bgl),
showing a net rise of 1.7m, or 5.57 feet.

TIHAR JAIL'S RAI RAINWATER AVAILABLE FOR HARVESTING

Total area (Ward 1 and Ward 13): 4125 square meters (Sq m)

Average annual rainfall in Delhi: 611 millimeters (mm)

Total volume of water harvested: 1280 cubic meter (m³) or 12,80,000 litres

This represents 50.78 per cent of total rainwater harvesting potential.

WATER SUPPLY SOURCE

Water supply in these wards is fulfilled by two borewells located inside the jail premises.

RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM

Rooftop rainwater and runoff from unpaved areas:

Ward 1
In Ward 1, the rooftop rainwater from the barracks and the surface runoff from the unpaved area
are collected in a low-lying area between the buildings. This water is collected by a collection
chamber measuring 0.5m x 0.5m x 0.5m, which is covered by a perforated RCC slab. The water

[Type text] Page 10

Excel business academy Bangalore

collected in the chamber is diverted to recharge well measuring 1m x 1m x 2m with a recharge

bore of 150mm diameter and 10m deep. The recharge well is filled with layers of pebbles and
coarse sand, which act as filtering media to improve the quality of the water harvested.

Ward 13
The rooftop rainwater from the buildings and the surface runoff from the open areas are collected
in a low-lying area located at southwest corner of the ward. This water is collected in a collection
chamber measuring 0.5m x 0.5m x 0.5m, which is covered by a perforated RCC slab. The water
collected in the chamber is diverted to a recharge well measuring 1m x 1m x 2m in size with a
recharge bore of 150mm diameter and 10m deep. The recharge well is filled with layers of
pebbles and coarse sand, which act as filtering media to improve the quality of the water
harvested.

The implementation was completed in November 2002 and the water level on February 2003
was recorded at 9.40m below ground level (bgl).

The cost of the entire rainwater harvesting system was Rs 0.2 lakh

IMPACT

Water level data

Thsi project demonstrated that rainwater harvesting can help solve the problem of water logging.
Tihar Jail's barracks used to remain flooded for hours after every rainfall. The water level in the
jail was 14m below ground level (bgl) in April 2003. Concerned with flooding in the barracks
and with sharply declining water levels in the area, the Tihar Jail authorities decided adopt
rainwater harvesting in Central Jail No. 4.

TEX CORP LIMITED'S RAINWATER HARVESTING:

RAINWATER AVAILABLE FOR HARVESTING

Total rooftop area - 4,000 square metres (Sq m)

Average annual rainfall in Gurgaon - 577.8 millimetre (mm)

Total volume of water harvested - 1962 cubic metre (m³) or 1962,000 litres

[Type text] Page 11

Excel business academy Bangalore

This represents 85 per cent of the total rainwater harvesting potential.

WATER SUPPLY SOURCE

The daily water requirement of about 90,000 litres for potable and non-potable purposes is met
by two borewells and by private water tankers.

RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM

The rooftop rainwater from the factory building is channelised through a network of pipes linked
through chambers to a settlement tank measuring 4.5m x 2m x 3m. The silt-free water from this
settlement tank is diverted to three storage tanks, each with a capacity of 40,000 litres. The
rainwater stored in the sub-surface tank along with groundwater from the borewell is used for
industrial purposes.

The overflow water from these storage tanks is diverted to another settlement tank through a
network of pipes and chambers. The silt-free water from the settlement tank is diverted to a
borewell, which yields non-potable water.

The rainwater harvesting system was completed in August 2002. The water level as on February
2003 was around 12 m below ground level (bgl).

The cost of the entire rainwater harvesting system was Rs 5.5 lakh.

IMPACT

Water level data

This project clearly shows that rainwater can be stored and used for industrial purposes. Ground
water is highly saline on the factory premises. The quality is so bad that it is neither fit for
drinking nor for industrial purposes. There is no municipal supply in the area. The water
requirements were met by private water tankers. Keeping in view that water quality was very
poor and levels were rapidly declining in the area, Texcorp's authorities decided to take up
rainwater harvesting on the factory premises. The water level in the factory measured 12.2 m
below ground level (bgl) in April 2003. After implementing the rainwater harvesting system, the
water level in July 2003 rose to 10.2m (bgl), representing a net rise of 2.0m, or 6.65 feet

FORD FOUNDATION'S RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM

[Type text] Page 12

Excel business academy Bangalore

RAINWATER AVAILABLE FOR HARVESTING Total area - 12,500 square metres (Sq m)

Average annual rainfall in Delhi - 611 millimetre (mm)

Total volume of water harvested - 6491.8 cubic metre (m³) or 64,91,875 litres

This is 85 per cent of total rainwater harvesting potential.

WATER SUPPLY SOURCE

The organisation's water requirement is fulfilled by two tubewells and is supplemented by
Municipal water supply. Approximately 15,000 litres of water is used for potable and non-
potable purposes.

RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM

Rooftop rainwater and runoff water from paved and unpaved areas:

The rooftop rainwater from the northern portion of the UNDP building is diverted to a recharge
well located near the existing borewell through a network of pipes and collection chambers. The
recharge well is 2m in diameter and 3.5 m deep, with a recharge bore which is 100mm in
diameter and 5m deep. The rooftop rainwater runoff from the southern part of the UNDP
building is collected in a chamber and diverted to a 1m x 1m x 1m recharge well with a recharge
bore of 100mm diameter and 5m deep. A layer of pebbles and sand filled inside the recharge
well acts as filtering media, ensuring the quality of water being recharged.

Surface water harvesting:

Surface runoff from paved and unpaved sources and part of the rooftop rainwater are trapped by
constructing recharge troughs near Gates I, III, V and VI. These troughs are 5m long, 0.7m wide
and 1.5m deep. Each trough is provided with recharge bores that are 100mm in diameter and 5m
deep.

Implementation of the system was completed on November 2000 and the water level on
February 2003 was recorded at 9.80m below ground level (bgl).

The cost of the entire rainwater harvesting system was Rs 4 lakh.

IMPACT

Water level data

This project clearly showed that was possible to arrest declining water levels through rainwater
harvesting. The water level at the Ford Foundation premises stood at 14.7 m below ground level
(bgl) in April 2003. Concerned with the sharply declining water levels in the area, authorities of
the United Nations Development Program (Ford Foundation) decided to take up rainwater
harvesting in the main building.

[Type text] Page 13

Excel business academy Bangalore

Coke completes rainwater harvesting projects in India

The public-private partnership’s water management efforts in Madhya Pradesh have the potential
to harvest 36 lakh liters of rainwater annually.

Atlanta-based Coca-Cola’s subsidiary in India and its partners have completed 16 rain water
harvesting projects in the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, according to today’s
ImagesFood.com, which covers the business of the Indian food industry.

The projects are at government schools in the Madhya Pradesh cities of Bhopal, Indore, Jabalpur,
and Gwalior. The public-private partnership includes UN-HABITAT and the Lake Conservation
Authority

UN-HABITAT is a United Nations Human Settlements Programme committed to

environmentally sustainable living, while LCA facilitates conservation and water resource
management in the Indian state. The project cost was not disclosed.

The projects have the combined capacity to harvest 36 lakh liters (3.6 million liters) of rainwater
annually, benefiting the schools and surrounding communities.

“Rain water harvesting has emerged as a viable option to redirect rainwater into the ground,
which otherwise goes waste,” said Dr. Saleem Romani, former chairman of the Central Ground
Water Board, according to ImagesFood.com. “We need to persuade more people and society at
large to take up rain water harvesting projects.”

But the project isn’t a first. Coca-Cola and its bottling partners have installed more than 500 rain
water harvesting projects in 22 states in the country, in an effort to contribute to better water
management.

In other environmental efforts, Coke and its bottling partners said last month all their new
vending machines and coolers are expected to be hydrofluorocarbon-free (HFC) by 2015. The
move to HFC-free refrigeration is expected to reduce the equipment’s direct greenhouse gas
emissions by 99 percent.

The beverage company spent more than $50 million in research and development efforts to use
climate-friendly cooling technologies last year, up from $40 million

Other rain water harvesting efforts in India include operators of the Indira Gandhi International
Airport in Delhi, India. They announced plans last year to reduce water use with rainwater
harvesting wells, in addition to other cleantech-related improvements .

India Cities Focus on Rainwater Harvesting to Provide Clean

Drinking Water:

[Type text] Page 14

Excel business academy Bangalore

National and local governments are creating new regulations and

funding sources to increase water harvesting.
Many Indian cities lack sufficient water supplies. Urban growth is making it difficult and
expensive to build the dams, pipelines and canals used in the modern era to supply cities with
water. In comparison, rainwater harvesting systems are a low-cost, low-impact way for cities to
increase supplies.

Rooftop rainwater harvesting systems are now mandatory for new buildings in 18 of India’s 28
states and four of its seven federally-administered union territories, according to India’s Press
Information Bureau.

Because of falling groundwater tables and the cost of developing surface supplies, new
government mandates and funding emphasize rainwater harvesting.

About 50 percent of the funds for India’s rural employment act are being used for water
harvesting systems, said the Minister for Rural Development to the Press Trust of India.

A rule requiring all new buildings in Bangalore to incorporate water harvesting systems will be
extended to all cities in Karnataka state next year, according to DNA India. The state is also
considering a water bill rebate for citizens who install such systems in their houses.

Rainwater harvesting would provide Bangalore’s water needs for six months of the year, said the
city’s water chief at a conference on urban water development last week.

Delhi’s water board has a program to provide technical support and financial incentives for
residents and businesses wanting to install a system. The city’s government buildings are already
required to have harvesting systems, according to the Tribune India.

Even though regulations are being enacted, making sure the rainwater systems are actually built
is another matter. Mumbai’s water supply operator made it mandatory in 2002 for new buildings
with an area of 1,000 square meters to have rainwater systems installed, but the rule has been
poorly implemented because of a lack of monitoring, the Telegraph of India reported.

Most harvesting systems use a building’s rooftop as a catchment area. After the rain falls, it is
channeled from gutters into pipes that lead to a storage tank. The captured water can be used for
household use or for recharging groundwater.

A GlobeScan/Circle of Blue opinion survey in August 2009 found that Indian citizens consider
water pollution and freshwater shortages the most serious environmental problems in the
country.

The Centre for Science and Environment, a New Delhi based non-governmental organisation
(NGO) has been promoting the revival of traditional systems of water harvesting as a practical
solution for drought proofing the affected areas. The organisation has developed a
[Type text] Page 15
Excel business academy Bangalore

comprehensive strategy to further the impact of its campaign for participatory, equitable and
decentralised paradigm for water management. A look at the Jal swaraj campaign

[Type text] Page 16