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General Parallel File System

Administration and Programming

Reference
Version 3 Release 4

SA23-2221-04
General Parallel File System

Administration and Programming

Reference
Version 3 Release 4

SA23-2221-04
Note
Before using this information and the product it supports, read the information in “Notices” on page 473.

| This edition applies to version 3 release 4 of IBM General Parallel File System Multiplatform (program number
| 5724-N94), IBM General Parallel File System for POWER® (program number 5765-G66), and to all subsequent
| releases and modifications until otherwise indicated in new editions. Significant changes or additions to the text
| and illustrations are indicated by a vertical line (|) to the left of the change.
IBM welcomes your comments; see the topic “How to send your comments” on page x. When you send
information to IBM, you grant IBM a nonexclusive right to use or distribute the information in any way it believes
appropriate without incurring any obligation to you.
© Copyright IBM Corporation 1998, 2010.
US Government Users Restricted Rights – Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract
with IBM Corp.
Contents
Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Backing up a file system using the mmbackup
command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
About this information . . . . . . . . ix Backing up a file system using the GPFS policy
engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Who should read this information . . . . . . . ix
Backing up file system configuration information 30
Conventions used in this information . . . . . . ix
Setting up Tivoli Storage Manager for use by
Prerequisite and related information . . . . . . x
GPFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
How to send your comments . . . . . . . . . x
Defining include-exclude options . . . . . . 31
Using APIs to develop backup applications. . . 31
Summary of changes . . . . . . . . . xi
Chapter 4. Managing disks . . . . . . 33
Chapter 1. Performing GPFS Displaying disks in a GPFS cluster . . . . . . 33
administration tasks . . . . . . . . . 1 Adding disks to a file system . . . . . . . . 34
Requirements for administering a GPFS file system . 1 Deleting disks from a file system . . . . . . . 35
adminMode configuration parameter . . . . . 2 Replacing disks in a GPFS file system . . . . . 36
Common GPFS command principles . . . . . . 3 Additional considerations for managing disks . . . 38
Specifying nodes as input to GPFS commands . . 3 Displaying GPFS disk states . . . . . . . . . 38
Disk availability . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Chapter 2. Managing your GPFS cluster 5 Disk status . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Creating your GPFS cluster . . . . . . . . . 5 Changing GPFS disk states and parameters. . . . 39
Displaying GPFS cluster configuration information . 5 Changing your NSD configuration. . . . . . . 40
Adding nodes to a GPFS cluster . . . . . . . . 6 Changing NSD server usage and failback . . . . 41
Deleting nodes from a GPFS cluster . . . . . . 7 Enabling and disabling Persistent Reserve . . . . 42
Changing the GPFS cluster configuration data . . . 8
Node quorum considerations . . . . . . . . 13 Chapter 5. Managing GPFS quotas. . . 43
Node quorum with tiebreaker considerations . . . 13 Enabling and disabling GPFS quota management. . 43
Displaying and changing the file system manager Default quotas . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
node. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Explicitly establishing and changing quotas . . . 45
Determining how long mmrestripefs takes to Checking quotas. . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
complete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Listing quotas . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Starting and stopping GPFS . . . . . . . . . 14 Activating quota limit checking. . . . . . . . 47
Deactivating quota limit checking . . . . . . . 47
Chapter 3. Managing file systems . . . 17 Creating file system quota reports . . . . . . . 48
Mounting a file system . . . . . . . . . . 17 Restoring quota files . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Mounting a file system on multiple nodes . . . 17
GPFS-specific mount options . . . . . . . 18 Chapter 6. Managing GPFS access
Unmounting a file system . . . . . . . . . 19 control lists and NFS export . . . . . 51
Unmounting a file system on multiple nodes . . 19 Traditional GPFS ACL administration. . . . . . 51
Deleting a file system . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Setting traditional GPFS access control lists . . . 52
Determining which nodes have a file system Displaying traditional GPFS access control lists 53
mounted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Applying an existing traditional GPFS access
Checking and repairing a file system . . . . . . 20 control list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Listing file system attributes . . . . . . . . . 21 Changing traditional GPFS access control lists . . 54
Modifying file system attributes . . . . . . . 22 Deleting traditional GPFS access control lists . . 54
Querying and changing file replication attributes . . 23 NFS V4 ACL administration . . . . . . . . . 54
Querying file replication . . . . . . . . . 23 NFS V4 ACL Syntax . . . . . . . . . . 55
Changing file replication attributes . . . . . 23 NFS V4 ACL translation . . . . . . . . . 57
Using Direct I/O on a file in a GPFS file system . . 24 Setting NFS V4 access control lists . . . . . . 57
Restriping a GPFS file system . . . . . . . . 24 Displaying NFS V4 access control lists . . . . 58
Querying file system space . . . . . . . . . 25 Applying an existing NFS V4 access control list 58
Querying and reducing file system fragmentation . 26 Changing NFS V4 access control lists . . . . . 58
Querying file system fragmentation . . . . . 26 Deleting NFS V4 access control lists . . . . . 58
Reducing file system fragmentation . . . . . 27 Considerations when using GPFS with NFS V4
Backing up a file system . . . . . . . . . . 28 ACLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
NFS and GPFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

© Copyright IBM Corp. 1998, 2010 iii

Exporting a GPFS file system using NFS. . . . 59 mmlscluster Command . . . . . . . . . . 228
NFS usage of GPFS cache. . . . . . . . . 61 mmlsconfig Command . . . . . . . . . . 230
Synchronous writing using NFS . . . . . . 61 mmlsdisk Command . . . . . . . . . . . 232
Unmounting a file system after NFS export. . . 61 mmlsfileset Command . . . . . . . . . . 235
| NFS automount considerations . . . . . . . 62 mmlsfs Command . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Clustered NFS and GPFS on Linux . . . . . 62 mmlslicense Command . . . . . . . . . . 242
mmlsmgr Command . . . . . . . . . . . 244
Chapter 7. Communicating file access mmlsmount Command . . . . . . . . . . 246
patterns to GPFS . . . . . . . . . . 63 mmlsnsd Command . . . . . . . . . . . 248
mmlspolicy Command . . . . . . . . . . 251
mmlsquota Command . . . . . . . . . . 253
Chapter 8. GPFS commands . . . . . 65 mmlssnapshot Command . . . . . . . . . 256
mmaddcallback Command . . . . . . . . . 68 | mmmigratefs Command. . . . . . . . . . 258
mmadddisk Command . . . . . . . . . . 73 mmmount Command . . . . . . . . . . 260
mmaddnode Command . . . . . . . . . . 77 mmnsddiscover Command . . . . . . . . . 262
mmapplypolicy Command . . . . . . . . . 80 mmpmon Command . . . . . . . . . . . 264
mmauth Command. . . . . . . . . . . . 88 mmputacl Command . . . . . . . . . . . 269
mmbackup Command . . . . . . . . . . . 92 mmquotaoff Command . . . . . . . . . . 272
mmbackupconfig Command. . . . . . . . . 94 mmquotaon Command . . . . . . . . . . 274
mmchattr Command . . . . . . . . . . . 96 mmremotecluster Command . . . . . . . . 276
mmchcluster Command . . . . . . . . . . 99 mmremotefs Command . . . . . . . . . . 279
mmchconfig Command . . . . . . . . . . 102 mmrepquota Command . . . . . . . . . . 282
mmchdisk Command. . . . . . . . . . . 112 mmrestoreconfig Command . . . . . . . . 285
mmcheckquota Command . . . . . . . . . 116 mmrestorefs Command . . . . . . . . . . 289
mmchfileset Command . . . . . . . . . . 119 mmrestripefile Command . . . . . . . . . 292
mmchfs Command . . . . . . . . . . . 121 mmrestripefs Command . . . . . . . . . . 295
mmchlicense Command . . . . . . . . . . 126 mmrpldisk Command . . . . . . . . . . 298
mmchmgr Command. . . . . . . . . . . 128 mmshutdown Command . . . . . . . . . 302
mmchnode Command . . . . . . . . . . 130 mmsnapdir Command . . . . . . . . . . 304
mmchnsd Command . . . . . . . . . . . 134 mmstartup Command . . . . . . . . . . 307
mmchpolicy Command . . . . . . . . . . 136 mmtracectl Command . . . . . . . . . . 309
mmcrcluster Command . . . . . . . . . . 138 mmumount Command . . . . . . . . . . 312
mmcrfileset Command . . . . . . . . . . 142 mmunlinkfileset Command. . . . . . . . . 315
mmcrfs Command. . . . . . . . . . . . 144 mmwinservctl Command . . . . . . . . . 318
mmcrnsd Command . . . . . . . . . . . 151
mmcrsnapshot Command . . . . . . . . . 156
Chapter 9. GPFS programming
mmdefedquota Command . . . . . . . . . 159
mmdefquotaoff Command . . . . . . . . . 162 interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
mmdefquotaon Command . . . . . . . . . 164 gpfs_acl_t Structure . . . . . . . . . . . 324
mmdefragfs Command . . . . . . . . . . 167 gpfs_close_inodescan() Subroutine . . . . . . 325
mmdelacl Command . . . . . . . . . . . 170 gpfs_cmp_fssnapid() Subroutine . . . . . . . 326
mmdelcallback Command . . . . . . . . . 172 gpfs_direntx_t Structure . . . . . . . . . . 328
mmdeldisk Command . . . . . . . . . . 173 gpfs_direntx64_t Structure . . . . . . . . . 329
mmdelfileset Command . . . . . . . . . . 177 gpfs_fcntl() Subroutine . . . . . . . . . . 330
mmdelfs Command . . . . . . . . . . . 180 gpfs_fgetattrs() Subroutine . . . . . . . . . 333
mmdelnode Command . . . . . . . . . . 182 gpfs_fputattrs() Subroutine . . . . . . . . . 335
mmdelnsd Command . . . . . . . . . . 185 gpfs_fputattrswithpathname() Subroutine . . . . 337
mmdelsnapshot Command . . . . . . . . . 187 gpfs_free_fssnaphandle() Subroutine. . . . . . 339
mmdf Command . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 gpfs_fssnap_handle_t Structure . . . . . . . 340
| mmdiag Command . . . . . . . . . . . 192 gpfs_fssnap_id_t Structure . . . . . . . . . 341
mmeditacl Command . . . . . . . . . . 196 gpfs_fstat() Subroutine . . . . . . . . . . 342
mmedquota Command . . . . . . . . . . 199 gpfs_get_fsname_from_fssnaphandle() Subroutine 344
mmexportfs Command . . . . . . . . . . 202 gpfs_get_fssnaphandle_by_fssnapid() Subroutine 345
mmfsck Command . . . . . . . . . . . 204 gpfs_get_fssnaphandle_by_name() Subroutine . . 346
mmfsctl Command . . . . . . . . . . . 209 gpfs_get_fssnaphandle_by_path() Subroutine . . . 348
mmgetacl Command . . . . . . . . . . . 213 gpfs_get_fssnapid_from_fssnaphandle() Subroutine 350
mmgetstate Command . . . . . . . . . . 216 gpfs_get_pathname_from_fssnaphandle()
mmimportfs Command . . . . . . . . . . 219 Subroutine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352
mmlinkfileset Command . . . . . . . . . 222 gpfs_get_snapdirname() Subroutine . . . . . . 353
mmlsattr Command . . . . . . . . . . . 224 gpfs_get_snapname_from_fssnaphandle()
mmlscallback Command . . . . . . . . . 226 Subroutine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
gpfs_getacl() Subroutine . . . . . . . . . . 356

iv GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

gpfs_iattr_t Structure . . . . . . . . . . . 358 gpfsDataShipMap_t Structure . . . . . . . . 443
gpfs_iattr64_t Structure . . . . . . . . . . 361 gpfsDataShipStart_t Structure . . . . . . . . 445
gpfs_iclose() Subroutine . . . . . . . . . . 365 gpfsDataShipStop_t Structure . . . . . . . . 448
gpfs_ifile_t Structure . . . . . . . . . . . 366 gpfsFcntlHeader_t Structure . . . . . . . . 449
gpfs_igetattrs() Subroutine . . . . . . . . . 367 gpfsFreeRange_t Structure . . . . . . . . . 450
| gpfs_igetattrsx() Subroutine . . . . . . . . 369 gpfsGetFilesetName_t Structure . . . . . . . 451
gpfs_igetfilesetname() Subroutine. . . . . . . 371 gpfsGetReplication_t Structure. . . . . . . . 452
gpfs_igetstoragepool() Subroutine . . . . . . 373 gpfsGetSnapshotName_t Structure . . . . . . 454
gpfs_iopen() Subroutine . . . . . . . . . . 375 gpfsGetStoragePool_t Structure . . . . . . . 455
gpfs_iopen64() Subroutine . . . . . . . . . 377 gpfsMultipleAccessRange_t Structure . . . . . 456
| gpfs_iputattrsx() Subroutine . . . . . . . . 379 gpfsRestripeData_t Structure . . . . . . . . 458
gpfs_iread() Subroutine . . . . . . . . . . 381 gpfsSetReplication_t Structure . . . . . . . . 459
gpfs_ireaddir() Subroutine . . . . . . . . . 383 gpfsSetStoragePool_t Structure . . . . . . . 461
gpfs_ireaddir64() Subroutine . . . . . . . . 385
gpfs_ireadlink() Subroutine . . . . . . . . . 387 Chapter 10. GPFS user exits . . . . . 463
gpfs_ireadlink64() Subroutine . . . . . . . . 389 mmsdrbackup User exit . . . . . . . . . . 464
gpfs_ireadx() Subroutine. . . . . . . . . . 391 nsddevices User exit . . . . . . . . . . . 465
gpfs_iscan_t Structure . . . . . . . . . . 393 syncfsconfig User exit . . . . . . . . . . 466
gpfs_next_inode() Subroutine . . . . . . . . 394
gpfs_next_inode64() Subroutine . . . . . . . 396
Chapter 11. Considerations for GPFS
gpfs_next_inode_with_xattrs() Subroutine . . . . 398
gpfs_next_inode_with_xattrs64() Subroutine . . . 400 applications . . . . . . . . . . . . 467
gpfs_next_xattr() Subroutine . . . . . . . . 402 Exceptions to Open Group technical standards . . 467
gpfs_opaque_acl_t Structure . . . . . . . . 404 Determining if a file system is controlled by GPFS 467
gpfs_open_inodescan() Subroutine . . . . . . 405 GPFS exceptions and limitations to NFS V4 ACLs 468
gpfs_open_inodescan64() Subroutine . . . . . 408
gpfs_open_inodescan_with_xattrs() Subroutine . . 411 Chapter 12. File system format
gpfs_open_inodescan_with_xattrs64() Subroutine 414 changes between versions of GPFS . 469
gpfs_prealloc() Subroutine . . . . . . . . . 417
gpfs_putacl() Subroutine. . . . . . . . . . 419 Accessibility features for GPFS . . . 471
gpfs_quotactl() Subroutine . . . . . . . . . 421
Accessibility features . . . . . . . . . . . 471
gpfs_quotaInfo_t Structure . . . . . . . . . 424
Keyboard navigation . . . . . . . . . . . 471
gpfs_seek_inode() Subroutine . . . . . . . . 426
IBM and accessibility . . . . . . . . . . . 471
gpfs_seek_inode64() Subroutine . . . . . . . 428
gpfs_stat() Subroutine . . . . . . . . . . 430
gpfs_stat_inode() Subroutine . . . . . . . . 432 Notices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473
gpfs_stat_inode64() Subroutine . . . . . . . 434 Trademarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474
gpfs_stat_inode_with_xattrs() Subroutine . . . . 436
gpfs_stat_inode_with_xattrs64() Subroutine . . . 438 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477
gpfsAccessRange_t Structure . . . . . . . . 440
gpfsCancelHints_t Structure . . . . . . . . 441 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483
gpfsClearFileCache_t Structure . . . . . . . 442

Contents v
vi GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference
Tables
1. Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . ix 5. Wildcard characters . . . . . . . . . . 31
| 2. New, changed, and deleted messages xiii 6. Removal of a file with ACL entries DELETE
3. Configuration attributes on the mmchconfig and DELETE_CHILD . . . . . . . . . 56
command . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 7. GPFS commands . . . . . . . . . . . 65
4. Options in the dsm.sys file for controlling 8. GPFS programming interfaces . . . . . . 321
backup processing . . . . . . . . . . 31 9. GPFS user exits . . . . . . . . . . . 463

© Copyright IBM Corp. 1998, 2010 vii

viii GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference
About this information
This information explains how to:
v Use the commands and programming interfaces unique to the General Parallel File System (GPFS™)
licensed program.
v Export a GPFS file system using a the Network File System (NFS) protocol.

This edition applies to GPFS version 3.4 for AIX®, Linux®, and Windows®.

To find out which version of GPFS is running on a particular AIX node, enter:
lslpp -l gpfs\*

To find out which version of GPFS is running on a particular Linux node, enter:
rpm -qa | grep gpfs

| To find out which version of GPFS is running on a particular Windows node, open the Programs and
| Features control panel. The IBM® General Parallel File System installed program name includes the
| version number.

Throughout this information you will see various command and component names beginning with the
prefix mm. This is not an error. GPFS shares many components with the related products IBM
Multi-Media Server and IBM Video Charger.

Who should read this information

This information is designed for system administrators and programmers of GPFS systems. To use this
information, you should be familiar with the GPFS licensed product and the AIX, Linux, or Windows
operating system, or all of them, depending on which operating systems are in use at your installation.
Where necessary, some background information relating to AIX, Linux, or Windows is provided. More
commonly, you are referred to the appropriate documentation.

Conventions used in this information

Table 1 describes the typographic conventions used in this information.

GPFS for Windows note: UNIX® file name conventions are used throughout this information. For
example, the GPFS cluster configuration data is stored in the /var/mmfs/gen/mmsdrfs file. On Windows,
the UNIX name space starts under the %SystemRoot%\SUA directory, and UNIX-style file names need
to be converted accordingly. For example, the cluster configuration file mentioned above is
C:\Windows\SUA\var\mmfs\gen\mmsdrfs.
Table 1. Conventions
Convention Usage
bold bold words or characters represent system elements that you must use literally, such as
commands, flags, path names, directories, file names, values, and selected menu options.
bold underlined Bold underlined keywords are defaults. These take effect if you do not specify a different
keyword.
constant width Examples and information that the system displays appear in constant-width typeface.

© Copyright IBM Corp. 1998, 2010 ix

Table 1. Conventions (continued)
Convention Usage
italic v Italic words or characters represent variable values that you must supply.
v Italics are also used for information unit titles, for the first use of a glossary term, and for
general emphasis in text.
< key> Angle brackets (less-than and greater-than) enclose the name of a key on the keyboard. For
example, <Enter> refers to the key on your terminal or workstation that is labeled with the
word Enter.
\ In command examples, a backslash indicates that the command or coding example continues
on the next line. For example:
mkcondition -r IBM.FileSystem -e "PercentTotUsed > 90" \
-E "PercentTotUsed < 85" -m p "FileSystem space used"
{item} Braces enclose a list from which you must choose an item in format and syntax descriptions.
[item] Brackets enclose optional items in format and syntax descriptions.
<Ctrl-x> The notation <Ctrl-x> indicates a control character sequence. For example, <Ctrl-c> means
that you hold down the control key while pressing <c>.
item... Ellipses indicate that you can repeat the preceding item one or more times.
| v In synopsis statements, vertical lines separate a list of choices. In other words, a vertical line
means Or.
v In the left margin of the document, vertical lines indicate technical changes to the
information.

Prerequisite and related information

For updates to this information, see the GPFS library at (http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/
clresctr/vxrx/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.cluster.gpfs.doc/gpfsbooks.html).

For the latest support information, see the GPFS Frequently Asked Questions at (http://
publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/clresctr/vxrx/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.cluster.gpfs.doc/gpfs_faqs/
gpfsclustersfaq.html).

How to send your comments

Your feedback is important in helping us to produce accurate, high-quality information. If you have any
comments about this information or any other GPFS documentation, send your comments to the
following e-mail address:

| [email protected]

Include the publication title and order number, and, if applicable, the specific location of the information
about which you have comments (for example, a page number or a table number).

To contact the GPFS development organization, send your comments to the following e-mail address:

| [email protected]

x GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Summary of changes
| This topic summarizes changes to the GPFS licensed program and the GPFS library for version 3, release
| 4. Within each information unit in the library, a vertical line to the left of text and illustrations indicates
technical changes or additions made to the previous edition of the book.

| Important: Nodes running GPFS 3.4 can coexist and interoperate with nodes running GPFS 3.3. GPFS
3.4 is not compatible with GPFS 3.2 or earlier versions. After you install GPFS 3.4 on some of the nodes
in the cluster, nodes that are still running GPFS 3.2 or earlier will not be able to join the cluster. Similarly,
in a multicluster environment in which clusters are remotely mounting file systems from other clusters, if
| one of the clusters is migrated to GPFS 3.4, the remaining clusters are expected to be at GPFS 3.3 or later.

| Changes to the GPFS licensed program for version 3, release 4 include the following:
| v Enhanced Windows cluster support:
| – Windows Server 2008 R2 x64
| – Directly attached disks support higher bandwidth via local I/O
| The use of fully SAN-connected Windows clusters may enable much higher bandwidth to Windows
| systems using GPFS, and SAN connectivity may provide greater flexibility in configuring GPFS
| clusters.
| – Homogeneous Windows clusters
| GPFS clusters can now be formed using only Windows nodes; Linux or AIX are no longer required
| as NSD servers. The Windows nodes can perform most of the required management and
| administrative operations. The exceptions include:
| - Certain GPFS commands to apply policy, administer quotas and ACLs.
| - The ability to mount DMAPI-enabled file systems.
| - Support for Tivoli® Storage Manager (TSM) Backup Archive client or the native Windows Backup
| utility.
| v Performance and scaling improvements:
| Extended attributes for a file can now be stored in the file's inode. This can improve the performance
| of applications that use extended attributes, and reduce the amount of disk space required to store
| them. This change enables the high-performance GPFS policy engine to refer to extended attributes
| with the same scale-out performance as the regular file attributes, providing richer semantics to content
| managers and middleware.
| v Migration improvements include the new mmmigratefs command, which you can use for migrating
| file systems.
| v Diagnostic improvements include the new mmdiag command, which better enables IBM Service to
| determine the state of your GPFS cluster.
| v Support for more than 2,147,483,648 files in a file system. For the current maximum tested limit, see the
| GPFS FAQ at:
| http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/clresctr/vxrx/topic/com.ibm.cluster.gpfs.doc/gpfs_faqs/
| gpfs_faqs.html
| v Withdrawal of support for the following:
| – data shipping mode
| – 32-bit AIX kernels
| – the High Performance Switch
| – IBM Virtual Shared Disks
| New file systems must be created using network shared disks (NSDs) only.

© Copyright IBM Corp. 1998, 2010 xi

xii GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

| Table 2. New, changed, and deleted messages
| New messages Changed messages Deleted messages
| 6027-1515 6027-302, 6027-303, 6027-304, 6027-533, 6027-2502, 6027-2679
| 6027-305, 6027-340, 6027-470,
| 6027-475, 6027-578, 6027-591,
| 6027-1133, 6027-1500, 6027-1507,
| 6027-1508, 6027-1509, 6027-1544,
| 6027-2024, 6027-2028, 6027-2029,
| 6027-2030, 6027-2031, 6027-2166,
| 6027-2117, 6027-2150, 6027-2151,
| 6027-2152, 6027-2153, 6027-2154,
| 6027-2155, 6027-2156, 6027-2157,
| 6027-2158, 6027-2601, 6027-2608,
| 6027-2667, 6027-2682, 6027-2732,
| 6027-2733, 6027-2734, 6027-2735,
| 6027-2736, 6027-2951, 6027-3005,
| 6027-3006, 6027-3007, 6027-3100
|

| The "Readers' Comments - We'd Like to Hear from You" section at the back of this publication has been
| replaced with the topic “How to send your comments” on page x.

Summary of changes xiii

xiv GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference
Chapter 1. Performing GPFS administration tasks
Before you perform GPFS administration tasks, review topics such as getting started with GPFS,
requirements for administering a GPFS file system, and common command principles.

For information on getting started with GPFS, see the General Parallel File System: Concepts, Planning, and
Installation Guide. This includes:
1. Installing GPFS
2. GPFS cluster creation considerations
3. Configuring and tuning your system for GPFS
4. Starting GPFS
5. Network Shared Disk creation considerations
6. File system creation considerations

This guide covers the administration and maintenance of GPFS and your file systems, and includes the
following topics:
1. “Requirements for administering a GPFS file system” and “Common GPFS command principles” on
page 3
2. Chapter 2, “Managing your GPFS cluster,” on page 5
3. Chapter 3, “Managing file systems,” on page 17
4. Chapter 4, “Managing disks,” on page 33
5. Chapter 5, “Managing GPFS quotas,” on page 43
6. Chapter 6, “Managing GPFS access control lists and NFS export,” on page 51
7. Chapter 7, “Communicating file access patterns to GPFS,” on page 63
8. Chapter 8, “GPFS commands,” on page 65
9. Chapter 9, “GPFS programming interfaces,” on page 321
10. Chapter 10, “GPFS user exits,” on page 463
11. Chapter 11, “Considerations for GPFS applications,” on page 467
12. Chapter 12, “File system format changes between versions of GPFS,” on page 469

For more advanced GPFS administration topics, see General Parallel File System: Advanced Administration
Guide.

Requirements for administering a GPFS file system

Root authority is required to perform all GPFS administration tasks except those with a function limited
to listing certain GPFS operating characteristics or modifying individual user file attributes.

| On Windows, root authority normally means users in the Administrators group. However, for clusters
| with both Windows and UNIX nodes, only the special Active Directory domain user root qualifies as
| having root authority for the purposes of administering GPFS. See the Installing GPFS prerequisites topic in
| the GPFS: Concepts, Planning, and Installation Guide for additional details.

The GPFS commands are designed to maintain the appropriate environment across all nodes in the
cluster. To achieve this, the GPFS commands utilize the remote shell and remote file copy commands that
you specify on either the mmcrcluster or the mmchcluster command.

© Copyright IBM Corporation © IBM 1998, 2010 1

The default remote commands are rsh and rcp, but you can designate ssh and scp or any other remote
commands provided they have compatible syntax.

In principle, you can issue GPFS administration commands from any node in the cluster. The nodes that
you plan to use for administering GPFS must be able to execute remote shell commands on any other
node in the cluster without the use of a password and without producing any extraneous messages.
Similarly, the nodes on which the GPFS commands are issued must be able to copy files to and from any
other node in the cluster without the use of a password and without producing any extraneous messages.

The way the passwordless access is achieved depends on the particular remote execution program and
authentication mechanism being used. For example, for rsh and rcp, you might need a properly
configured .rhosts file in the root user's home directory on each node in the GPFS cluster. If the remote
program is ssh, you may use private identity files that do not have a password. Or, if the identity file is
password protected, you can use the ssh-agent utility to establish an authorized session before issuing
mm commands.

GPFS does not need to know which nodes are being used for administration purposes. It is the
administrator's responsibility to issue mm commands only from nodes that are properly configured and
can access the rest of the nodes in the cluster.

Note: The rsh and rcp commands provided by the Windows SUA environment do not support GPFS. If
your cluster will include Windows nodes, you have to designate ssh and scp as the remote
communication program.

adminMode configuration parameter

GPFS recognizes the adminMode configuration parameter. It specifies whether all nodes in the cluster
will be used for issuing GPFS administration commands or just a subset of the nodes. The adminMode
parameter is set with the mmchconfig command and can have one of two values:
allToAll
Indicates that all nodes in the cluster will be used for running GPFS administration commands and
that all nodes are able to execute remote commands on any other node in the cluster without the
need of a password. This setup is required for all GPFS clusters running GPFS 3.2 or earlier code.
The major advantage of this mode of operation is that GPFS can automatically recover missing or
corrupted configuration files in almost all circumstances. The major disadvantage is that all nodes in
the cluster must have root level access to all other nodes.
central
Indicates that only a subset of the nodes will be used for running GPFS commands and that only
those nodes will be able to execute remote commands on the rest of the nodes in the cluster without
the need of a password.
The major advantage of this mode of administration is that the number of nodes that must have root
level access to the rest of the nodes is limited and can be as low as one. The disadvantage is that
GPFS may not be able to automatically recover from loss of certain configuration files. For example, if
the SSL key files are not present on some of the nodes, the operator may have to intervene to recover
the missing data. Similarly, it may be necessary to shut down GPFS when adding new quorum
nodes. If an operator intervention is needed, you will see appropriate messages in the GPFS log or on
the screen.

Note List:
1. If the GPFS cluster is configured to support Clustered NFS (CNFS), all CNFS member nodes must
belong to the subset of nodes that are able to execute remote commands without the need of a
password.

2 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

| 2. If Tivoli Storage Manager (TSM) server is used to back up the GPFS file system data, the nodes
| that are used as TSM clients must belong to the subset of nodes that are able to execute remote
| commands without the need of a password.
3. Windows GPFS clusters typically use central mode. allToAll mode requires that the GPFS
Administrative service (mmwinserv) be configured to run as the special domain root account. See
the Installing GPFS on Windows nodes topic in the GPFS: Concepts, Planning, and Installation Guide
for details.

| Clusters created with the GPFS 3.3 or later level of the code have adminMode set to central by default.
| Clusters migrated from GPFS 3.2 or earlier versions will continue to operate as before and will have
| adminMode set to allToAll.

You can change the mode of operations at any time with the help of the mmchconfig command. For
example, to switch the mode of administration from allToAll to central, issue:
mmchconfig adminMode=central

Use the mmlsconfig command to display the mode of administration currently in effect for the cluster.

Common GPFS command principles

There are some common principles that you should keep in mind when you are running GPFS
commands.

Those principles include:

v Unless otherwise noted, GPFS commands can be run from any node in the cluster. Exceptions are
commands that are not supported in a particular operating system environment. Certain commands
may additionally require the affected file system to be mounted.
v GPFS supports the "no" prefix on all Boolean type long (or dash-dash) options.

Specifying nodes as input to GPFS commands

Many GPFS commands accept a node or multiple nodes as part of their input, using the -N flag. Nodes
can be specified to GPFS commands in a variety of ways:
Node A representation of an individual node, which can be any of these:
v Short GPFS administration node interface name.
v Long GPFS administration node interface name.
v Short GPFS daemon node interface name.
v Long GPFS daemon node interface name.
v IP address corresponding to the GPFS daemon node interface.
v GPFS node number.
Node - Node
A node range, indicated by specifying two node numbers separated by a hyphen (-), with the
first node number being less than or equal to the second node number. For example, node range
3-8 specifies the nodes with node numbers 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8.
NodeClass
A set of nodes that share a particular characteristic. These node classes are known to GPFS:
all All of the nodes in the GPFS cluster.
clientnodes
All nodes that do not participate in file system administration activities.

Chapter 1. Performing GPFS administration tasks 3

| localhost
| The node on which the command is running.
managernodes
All nodes in the pool of nodes from which file system managers and token managers are
selected.
mount For commands involving a file system, all of the local nodes on which the file system is
mounted (nodes in remote clusters are always excluded, even when they mount the file
system in question).
nonquorumnodes
All of the non-quorum nodes in the GPFS cluster.
nsdnodes
All of the NSD server nodes in the GPFS cluster.
quorumnodes
All of the quorum nodes in the GPFS cluster.
NodeFile
A file that contains a list of nodes. A node file can contain individual nodes or node ranges.

For commands operating on a file system, the stripe group manager node is always implicitly included in
the node list. Not every GPFS command supports all of the above node specification options. To learn
what kinds of node specifications are supported by a particular GPFS command, see the relevant
command description in Chapter 8, “GPFS commands,” on page 65.

4 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Chapter 2. Managing your GPFS cluster
There are several tasks involved in managing your GPFS cluster. This topic points you to the information
you need to get started.

GPFS cluster management tasks include:

v “Creating your GPFS cluster”
v “Displaying GPFS cluster configuration information”
v “Specifying nodes as input to GPFS commands” on page 3
v “Adding nodes to a GPFS cluster” on page 6
v “Deleting nodes from a GPFS cluster” on page 7
v “Changing the GPFS cluster configuration data” on page 8
v “Node quorum considerations” on page 13
v “Node quorum with tiebreaker considerations” on page 13
v “Displaying and changing the file system manager node” on page 13
v “Determining how long mmrestripefs takes to complete” on page 14
v “Starting and stopping GPFS” on page 14

Creating your GPFS cluster

You must first create a GPFS cluster by issuing the mmcrcluster command.

See the General Parallel File System: Concepts, Planning, and Installation Guide for details on how GPFS
clusters are created and used.

Displaying GPFS cluster configuration information

When managing your GPFS cluster, you can display the current configuration information for the cluster
by issuing the mmlscluster command.

The command displays:

v The cluster name
v The cluster id
v GPFS UID domain
v The remote shell command being used
v The remote file copy command being used
v The primary GPFS cluster configuration server
v The secondary GPFS cluster configuration server
v A list of nodes belonging the GPFS cluster
For each node, the command displays:
v The node number assigned to the node by GPFS
v Daemon node name
v Network IP address
v Admin node name
v Designation, such as whether the node is a quorum node, a manager node, or an snmp_collector node
or all of these

© Copyright IBM Corporation © IBM 1998, 2010 5

To display this information, enter:
mmlscluster

The system displays information similar to:

GPFS cluster information
========================
GPFS cluster name: cluster1.kgn.ibm.com
GPFS cluster id: 680681562214606028
GPFS UID domain: cluster1.kgn.ibm.com
Remote shell command: /usr/bin/rsh
Remote file copy command: /usr/bin/rcp

GPFS cluster configuration servers:

-----------------------------------
Primary server: k164sn06.kgn.ibm.com
Secondary server: k164n04.kgn.ibm.com

Node Daemon node name IP address Admin node name Designation

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 k164n04.kgn.ibm.com 198.117.68.68 k164n04.kgn.ibm.com quorum
2 k164n05.kgn.ibm.com 198.117.68.69 k164n05.kgn.ibm.com quorum
3 k164n06.kgn.ibm.com 198.117.68.70 k164sn06.kgn.ibm.com quorum-manager

See the “mmlscluster Command” on page 228 for complete usage information.

Adding nodes to a GPFS cluster

You can add nodes to an existing GPFS cluster by issuing the mmaddnode command. The new nodes are
available immediately after the successful completion of this command.

You must follow these rules when adding nodes to a GPFS cluster:
v You may issue the command only from a node that already belongs to the GPFS cluster.
v A node may belong to only one GPFS cluster at a time.
v The nodes must be available for the command to be successful. If any of the nodes listed are not
available when the command is issued, a message listing those nodes is displayed. You must correct
the problem on each node and reissue the command to add those nodes.
v After the nodes are added to the cluster, you must use the mmchlicense command to designate
appropriate GPFS licenses to the new nodes.

To add node k164n06 to the GPFS cluster, enter:

mmaddnode -N k164n06

The system displays information similar to:

Mon Aug 9 21:53:30 EDT 2004: 6027-1664 mmaddnode: Processing node k164n06.kgn.ibm.com
mmaddnode: Command successfully completed
mmaddnode: 6027-1371 Propagating the changes to all affected nodes.
This is an asynchronous process.

To confirm the addition of the nodes, enter:

mmlscluster

The system displays information similar to:

GPFS cluster information
========================
GPFS cluster name: cluster1.kgn.ibm.com
GPFS cluster id: 680681562214606028
GPFS UID domain: cluster1.kgn.ibm.com
Remote shell command: /usr/bin/rsh

6 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Remote file copy command: /usr/bin/rcp

GPFS cluster configuration servers:

-----------------------------------
Primary server: k164n04.kgn.ibm.com
Secondary server: k164n05.kgn.ibm.com

Node Daemon node name IP address Admin node name Designation

See the “mmaddnode Command” on page 77 and the “mmlscluster Command” on page 228 for complete
usage information.

Deleting nodes from a GPFS cluster

You can delete nodes from a GPFS cluster by issuing the mmdelnode command.

You must follow these rules when deleting nodes:

v A node being deleted cannot be the primary or secondary GPFS cluster configuration server unless you
intend to delete the entire cluster. Verify this by issuing the mmlscluster command. If a node to be
deleted is one of the servers and you intend to keep the cluster, issue the mmchcluster command to
assign another node as a configuration server before deleting the node.
v A node that is being deleted cannot be designated as an NSD server for any disk in the GPFS cluster,
unless you intend to delete the entire cluster. Verify this by issuing the mmlsnsd command. If a node
that is to be deleted is an NSD server for one or more disks, move the disks to nodes that will remain
in the cluster. Issue the mmchnsd command to assign new NSD servers for those disks.
v GPFS must be shut down on the nodes being deleted. Issue the mmshutdown command.

To delete the nodes listed in a file called nodes_to_delete, issue:

mmdelnode -N /tmp/nodes_to_delete

where nodes_to_delete contains the nodes k164n01 and k164n02. The system displays information
similar to:
Verifying GPFS is stopped on all affected nodes ...
mmdelnode: Command successfully completed
mmdelnode: 6027-1371 Propagating the cluster configuration data to
all affected nodes. This is an asynchronous process.

To confirm the deletion of the nodes, issue:

mmlscluster

The system displays information similar to:

GPFS cluster configuration servers:

-----------------------------------
Primary server: k164sn06.kgn.ibm.com
Secondary server: k164n05.kgn.ibm.com

Node Daemon node name IP address Admin node name Designation

Chapter 2. Managing your GPFS cluster 7

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 k164n04.kgn.ibm.com 198.117.68.68 k164n04.kgn.ibm.com quorum
2 k164n05.kgn.ibm.com 198.117.68.69 k164n05.kgn.ibm.com quorum
3 k164n06.kgn.ibm.com 198.117.68.70 k164sn06.kgn.ibm.com quorum-manager

See the “mmdelnode Command” on page 182 and the “mmlscluster Command” on page 228 for
complete usage information.

Exercise caution when shutting down GPFS on quorum nodes or deleting quorum nodes from the GPFS
cluster. If the number of remaining quorum nodes falls below the requirement for a quorum, you will be
unable to perform file system operations. See the General Parallel File System: Concepts, Planning, and
Installation Guide and search on quorum.

Changing the GPFS cluster configuration data

Once your GPFS cluster has been configured (see the General Parallel File System: Concepts, Planning, and
Installation Guide and the mmcrcluster command), you can change configuration attributes by issuing the
mmchcluster or mmchconfig commands.

Use the mmchcluster command to:

v Change the name of the cluster.
v Change the primary or secondary GPFS cluster configuration server nodes. The primary or secondary
server may be changed to another node in the GPFS cluster. That node must be available for the
command to be successful.
Attention: If during the change to a new primary or secondary GPFS cluster configuration server, one
or both of the old server nodes are down, it is imperative that you run the mmchcluster -p LATEST
command as soon as the old servers are brought back online. Failure to do so may lead to disruption
in GPFS operations.
v Synchronize the primary GPFS cluster configuration server node. If an invocation of the mmchcluster
command fails, you will be prompted to reissue the command and specify LATEST on the -p option to
synchronize all of the nodes in the GPFS cluster. Synchronization instructs all nodes in the GPFS
cluster to use the most recently specified primary GPFS cluster configuration server.
v Change the remote shell and remote file copy programs to be used by the nodes in the cluster. These
commands must adhere to the syntax forms of the rsh and rcp commands, but may implement an
alternate authentication mechanism.

For example, to change the primary server for the GPFS cluster data, enter:
mmchcluster -p k164n06

The system displays information similar to:

mmchcluster -p k164n06
mmchcluster: Command successfully completed

To confirm the change, enter:

mmlscluster

The system displays information similar to:

GPFS cluster configuration servers:

8 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

-----------------------------------
Primary server: k164sn06.kgn.ibm.com
Secondary server: k164n05.kgn.ibm.com

Node Daemon node name IP address Admin node name Designation

Attention: The mmchcluster command, when issued with either the -p or -s option, is designed to
operate in an environment where the current primary and secondary GPFS cluster configuration servers
are not available. As a result, the command can run without obtaining its regular serialization locks. To
assure smooth transition to a new cluster configuration server, no other GPFS commands (mm...
commands) should be running when the command is issued nor should any other command be issued
until the mmchcluster command has successfully completed.

See the “mmchcluster Command” on page 99 and the “mmlscluster Command” on page 228 for complete
usage information.

You may be able to tune your cluster for better performance by re-configuring one or more attributes.
Before you change any attributes, consider how the changes will affect the operation of GPFS. For a
detailed discussion see the General Parallel File System: Concepts, Planning, and Installation Guide and the
mmcrcluster command.

Table 3 details the GPFS cluster configuration attributes which can be changed by issuing the
mmchconfig command. Variations under which these changes take effect are noted:
1. Take effect immediately and are permanent (-i).
2. Take effect immediately but do not persist when GPFS is restarted (-I).
3. Require that the GPFS daemon be stopped on all nodes for the change to take effect.
4. May be applied to only a subset of the nodes in the cluster.
Table 3. Configuration attributes on the mmchconfig command
Attribute name and Description -i option -I option GPFS must List of Change takes
allowed allowed be stopped NodeNames effect
on all nodes allowed
adminMode yes no no no immediately

Controls passwordless access

autoload no no no no on reboot of each
node
Starts GPFS automatically
| automountDir no no yes yes on restart of the
daemon
Name of the automount directory
cipherList no no yes no on restart of the
daemon
When set, GPFS security using
OpenSSL is enabled
cnfsMountdPort yes yes no no if not
immediately, on
The port number to be used for restart of the
rpc.mountd daemon

Chapter 2. Managing your GPFS cluster 9

Table 3. Configuration attributes on the mmchconfig command (continued)
Attribute name and Description -i option -I option GPFS must List of Change takes
allowed allowed be stopped NodeNames effect
on all nodes allowed
cnfsNFSDprocs yes yes no no if not
immediately, on
The number of nfsd kernel threads restart of the
daemon
cnfsSharedRoot no no no yes on restart of the
daemon
Directory to be used by the clustered
NFS subsystem
cnfsVIP yes yes no no if not
immediately, on
Virtual DNS name for the list of CNFS restart of the
IP addresses daemon
dataStructureDump yes yes no yes if not
immediately, on
Path for the storage of dumps restart of the
daemon
defaultMountDir yes yes no no for new file
systems
Default parent directory for GPFS file
systems
dmapiDataEventRetry yes yes no yes if not
immediately, on
DMAPI attribute restart of the
daemon
dmapiEventTimeout yes yes no yes if not
immediately, on
DMAPI attribute restart of the
daemon
dmapiMountEvent yes yes no yes if not
immediately, on
DMAPI attribute restart of the
daemon
dmapiMountTimeout yes yes no yes if not
immediately, on
DMAPI attribute restart of the
daemon
dmapiSessionFailureTimeout yes yes no yes if not
immediately, on
DMAPI attribute restart of the
daemon
| failureDetectionTime no no yes no on restart of the
daemon
| Indicates the amount of time it will
| take to detect that a node has failed
mmapRangeLock yes yes no yes immediately

Specifies POSIX or non-POSIX mmap

byte-range semantics

Note: The list of NodeNames is

allowed, but it is not recommended.

10 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Table 3. Configuration attributes on the mmchconfig command (continued)
Attribute name and Description -i option -I option GPFS must List of Change takes
allowed allowed be stopped NodeNames effect
on all nodes allowed
maxblocksize no no no yes on restart of the
daemon
Maximum file system block size
allowed
maxFcntlRangesPerFile yes yes no yes if not
immediately, on
Specifies the number of fcntl locks that restart of the
are allowed per file daemon
maxFilesToCache no no no yes on restart of the
daemon
Number of inodes to cache for recently
used files
maxMBpS yes yes no yes if not
immediately, on
I/O throughput estimate restart of the
daemon
maxStatCache no no no yes on restart of the
daemon
Number of inodes to keep in stat cache
nsdServerWaitTimeForMount yes yes no yes if not
immediately, on
Number of seconds to wait for an NSD restart of the
server to come up daemon
nsdServerWaitTimeWindowOnMount yes yes no yes if not
immediately, on
Time window to determine if quorum restart of the
is to be considered recently formed daemon
pagepool yes yes no yes if not
immediately, on
Size of buffer cache on each node restart of the
daemon
pagepoolMaxPhysMemPct no no no yes on restart of the
daemon
Percentage of physical memory that
can be assigned to the page pool
prefetchThreads no no no yes on restart of the
daemon
Maximum number of threads
dedicated to prefetching data
release=LATEST yes no no no if not
immediately, on
Complete the migration to a new restart of the
release daemon
sidAutoMapRangeLength yes yes no no if not
immediately, on
Controls the length of the reserved restart of the
range for Windows SID to UNIX ID daemon
mapping

Chapter 2. Managing your GPFS cluster 11

Table 3. Configuration attributes on the mmchconfig command (continued)
Attribute name and Description -i option -I option GPFS must List of Change takes
allowed allowed be stopped NodeNames effect
on all nodes allowed
sidAutoMapRangeStart no no no no on restart of the
daemon
Specifies the start of the reserved range
for Windows SID to UNIX ID mapping
subnets no no no no on restart of the
daemon
List of subnets to be used for most
efficient daemon-to-daemon
communication
tiebreakerDisks no no yes no on restart of the
daemon
List of tie breaker disks (NSDs)
uidDomain no no yes no on restart of the
daemon
The UID domain name for the cluster.
unmountOnDiskFail yes yes no yes if not
immediately, on
Unmount the file system on a disk restart of the
failure daemon
usePersistentReserve no no yes no on restart of the
daemon
Enables or disables persistent reserve
(PR) on the disks
verbsPorts no no no yes on restart of the
daemon
Specifies InfiniBand device names and
port numbers
verbsRdma yes yes no yes if not
immediately, on
Enables or disables InfiniBand RDMA restart of the
using the Verbs API daemon
worker1Threads no no no yes on restart of the
daemon
maximum number of concurrent file
operations

Specify the nodes you want to target for change and the attributes with their new values on the
mmchconfig command. For example, to change the pagepool value for each node in the GPFS cluster
immediately, enter:
mmchconfig pagepool=100M -i

The system displays information similar to:

mmchconfig: Command successfully completed
mmchconfig: 6027-1371 Propagating the changes to all affected nodes.
This is an asynchronous process.

See the “mmchconfig Command” on page 102 for complete usage information.

12 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Node quorum considerations
A node quorum is the minimum number of nodes that must be running in order for the daemon to start.
Node quorum is the default quorum algorithm for GPFS.

For a discussion on node quorum, see General Parallel File System: Concepts, Planning, and Installation Guide
and search on node quorum.

Node quorum with tiebreaker considerations

For a discussion on node quorum with tiebreaker, see General Parallel File System: Concepts, Planning, and
Installation Guide and search on node quorum with tiebreaker. In addition, review the information in this
topic.

When using node quorum with tiebreaker, define between one, two, or three disks to be used as
tiebreaker disks when any quorum node is down. Issue this command:
mmchconfig tiebreakerDisks="nsdName;nsdName;nsdName"

Consider these points:

v You are not permitted to change a GPFS cluster configuration to use node quorum with tiebreaker if
there are more than eight existing quorum nodes.
v You can have a maximum of three tiebreaker disks.
| v The disks must be directly attached to all quorum nodes.
v The GPFS daemons must be down on all nodes in the cluster when running mmchconfig
tiebreakerDisks.

If you are using node quorum with tiebreaker and want to change to using node quorum, issue this
command:
mmchconfig tiebreakerDisks=DEFAULT

Displaying and changing the file system manager node

In general, GPFS performs the same functions on all nodes. There are also cases where one node provides
a more global function that affects the operation of multiple nodes. For example, each file system is
assigned a node that functions as a file system manager.

Note:

For a more detailed discussion on the role of the file system manager node, see General Parallel File
System: Concepts, Planning, and Installation Guide and search on Special management functions.

The node that is the file system manager can also be used for applications. In some cases involving very
large clusters or applications that place a high stress on metadata operations, it may be useful to specify
which nodes are used as file system managers. Applications that place a high stress on metadata
operations are usually those that involve large numbers of very small files, or that do very fine-grain
parallel write-sharing among multiple nodes.

You can display the file system manager node by issuing the mmlsmgr command. You can display the
information for an individual file system, a list of file systems, or for all of the file systems in the cluster.
For example, to display the file system manager for the file system fs1, enter:
mmlsmgr fs1

The output shows the device name of the file system and the file system manager's node number and
name:

Chapter 2. Managing your GPFS cluster 13

file system manager node [from 19.134.68.69 (k164n05)]
---------------- ------------------
fs1 19.134.68.70 (k164n06)

See the “mmlsmgr Command” on page 244 for complete usage information.

You can change the file system manager node for an individual file system by issuing the mmchmgr
command. For example, to change the file system manager node for the file system fs1 to k145n32, enter:
mmchmgr fs1 k145n32

The output shows the file system manager's node number and name, in parentheses, as recorded in the
GPFS cluster data:
GPFS: 6027-628 Sending migrate request to current manager node 19.134.68.69 (k145n30).
GPFS: 6027-629 Node 19.134.68.69 (k145n30) resigned as manager for fs1.
GPFS: 6027-630 Node 19.134.68.70 (k145n32) appointed as manager for fs1.

See the “mmchmgr Command” on page 128 for complete usage information.

Determining how long mmrestripefs takes to complete

There are several factors that determine how long the mmrestripefs command takes to complete.

To determine how long the mmrestripefs command will take to complete, consider these points:
1. How much data is to be moved by issuing the df -k command.
2. How many GPFS client nodes there are to do the work.
| 3. How much Network Shared Disk (NSD) server bandwidth is available for I/O.
4. If you have added new disks to a file system, after the disks have been added, determine how much
free space is on each of the new disks by issuing the mmdf Device command.

The restriping of a file system is done by having multiple threads on each node in the cluster work on a
subset of files. If the files are large, multiple nodes can participate in restriping it in parallel.
Consequently, the more GPFS client nodes there are performing work for the restripe, the faster the
mmrestripefs command will complete. The nodes that should participate in the restripe are specified on
the command using the -N parameter. Based on raw I/O rates, you should be able to estimate the length
of time for the restripe. However, to account for the overhead of scanning all metadata, that value should
be doubled.

Assuming that you have enough nodes to saturate the disk servers, and have to move all of the data, the
time to read and write every block of data is roughly:
2 * fileSystemSize / averageDiskserverDataRate

As an upper bound, due to overhead of scanning all of the metadata, this time should be doubled. If
other jobs are loading the NSD servers heavily, this time may increase even more.

Note: There is no particular reason to stop all other jobs while the mmrestripefs command is running.
The CPU load of the command is minimal on each node and only the files that are being restriped at any
moment are locked to maintain data integrity.

Starting and stopping GPFS

Use the mmstartup and mmshutdown commands to start and stop GPFS on new or existing clusters. For
new GPFS clusters, see Steps to establishing and starting your GPFS cluster in: General Parallel File System:
Concepts, Planning, and Installation Guide.

For existing GPFS clusters, before starting GPFS, ensure that you have:
1. Verified the installation of all prerequisite software.

14 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

2. Compiled the GPL layer, if Linux is being used.
3. Properly configured and tuned your system for use by GPFS. This should be done prior to starting
GPFS.
For details, see the General Parallel File System: Concepts, Planning, and Installation Guide.

Start the daemons on all of the nodes in the cluster by issuing the mmstartup -a command:
mmstartup -a

The output is similar to this:

Tue Aug 24 15:54:56 edt 2004: 6027-1642 mmstartup: Starting GPFS ...

Check the messages recorded in /var/adm/ras/mmfs.log.latest on one node for verification. Look for
messages similar to this:
GPFS: 6027-300 mmfsd ready

This indicates that quorum has been formed and this node has successfully joined the cluster, and is now
ready to mount file systems.

If GPFS does not start, see the GPFS: Problem Determination Guide and search on GPFS daemon will not
come up.

See the “mmstartup Command” on page 307 for complete usage information.

If it becomes necessary to stop GPFS, you can do so from the command line by issuing the mmshutdown
command:
mmshutdown -a

The system displays information similar to:

Thu Aug 12 13:10:40 EDT 2004: 6027-1341 mmshutdown: Starting force unmount of GPFS file systems
k164n05.kgn.ibm.com: forced unmount of /fs1
k164n04.kgn.ibm.com: forced unmount of /fs1
k164n06.kgn.ibm.com: forced unmount of /fs1
Thu Aug 12 13:10:45 EDT 2004: 6027-1344 mmshutdown: Shutting down GPFS daemons
k164n04.kgn.ibm.com: Shutting down!
k164n06.kgn.ibm.com: Shutting down!
k164n05.kgn.ibm.com: Shutting down!
k164n04.kgn.ibm.com: ’shutdown’ command about to kill process 49682
k164n05.kgn.ibm.com: ’shutdown’ command about to kill process 28194
k164n06.kgn.ibm.com: ’shutdown’ command about to kill process 30782
Thu Aug 12 13:10:54 EDT 2004: 6027-1345 mmshutdown: Finished

See the “mmshutdown Command” on page 302 for complete usage information.

Chapter 2. Managing your GPFS cluster 15

16 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference
Chapter 3. Managing file systems
There are several file system management tasks outlined in this topic. If you need information about how
to create GPFS file systems, see the General Parallel File System: Concepts, Planning, and Installation Guide
and the mmcrfs command.

File system management tasks include:

1. “Mounting a file system”
2. “Unmounting a file system” on page 19
3. “Deleting a file system” on page 19
4. “Determining which nodes have a file system mounted” on page 19
5. “Checking and repairing a file system” on page 20
6. “Listing file system attributes” on page 21
7. “Modifying file system attributes” on page 22
8. “Querying and changing file replication attributes” on page 23
9. “Using Direct I/O on a file in a GPFS file system” on page 24
10. “Restriping a GPFS file system” on page 24
11. “Querying file system space” on page 25
12. “Querying and reducing file system fragmentation” on page 26
13. “Backing up a file system” on page 28

Managing filesets, storage pools and policies is also a file system management task. See the GPFS:
Advanced Administration Guide for more information.

Mounting a file system

You must explicitly mount a GPFS file system if this is the first time the file system is being mounted
after its creation, or you specified not to automatically mount (-A no) the file system when you created it.

If you allowed the default value for the automatic mount option (-A yes) when you created the file
system, then you do not need to use this procedure after restarting GPFS on the nodes.

To mount a GPFS file system, enter:

mmmount device

where device is the name of the file system. For example, to mount the file system fs1, enter:
mmmount fs1

Mounting a file system on multiple nodes

To mount file system fs1 on all nodes in the GPFS cluster, issue this command:
mmmount fs1 -a

To mount a file system only on a specific set of nodes, use the -N flag of the mmmount command.

© Copyright IBM Corporation © IBM 1998, 2010 17

GPFS-specific mount options
GPFS-specific mount options can be specified with the -o parameter on the mmchfs, mmremotefs,
mmmount and mount commands. Options specified with the mmchfs and mmremotefs commands are
recorded in the GPFS configuration files and are passed as default options to subsequent mount
commands on all nodes in the cluster. Options specified with the mmmount or mount commands
override the existing default settings, and are not persistent.

All of the mount options can be specified using the -o parameter. Multiple options should be separated
only by a comma. If an option is specified multiple times, the last instance is the one that takes effect.
Certain options can also be set with specifically designated command flags. Unless otherwise stated,
mount options can be specified as:

option or option=1 or option=yes - to enable the option

nooption or option=0 or option=no - to disable the option

The option={1 | 0 | yes | no} syntax should be used for options that can be intercepted by the mount
command and not passed through to GPFS. An example is the atime option in the Linux environment.

The GPFS-specific mount options are:

atime Update inode access time for each access. This is the default. This option can also be controlled
with the -S option on the mmcrfs and mmchfs commands.
mtime Always return accurate file modification times. This is the default. This option can also be
controlled with the -E option on the mmcrfs and mmchfs commands.
noatime
Do not update inode access times on this file system. This option can also be controlled with the
-S option on the mmcrfs and mmchfs commands.
nomtime
Update file modification times only periodically. This option can also be controlled with the -E
option on the mmcrfs and mmchfs commands.
nosyncnfs
Do not commit metadata changes coming from the NFS daemon synchronously. Normal file
system synchronization semantics apply. This is the default.
syncnfs
Synchronously commit metadata changes coming from the NFS daemon.
useNSDserver={always | asfound | asneeded | never}
Controls the initial disk discovery and failover semantics for NSD disks. The possible values are:
always
Always access the disk using the NSD server. Local dynamic disk discovery is disabled.
asfound
Access the disk as found (the first time the disk was accessed). No change of disk access
from local to NSD server, or the other way around, is performed by GPFS.
asneeded
Access the disk any way possible. This is the default.
never Always use local disk access.

18 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Unmounting a file system
Some GPFS administration tasks require you to unmount the file system before they can be performed.
You can unmount a GPFS file system using the mmumount command.

If the file system will not unmount, see the General Parallel File System: Problem Determination Guide and
search for file system will not unmount.

To unmount a GPFS file system using the mmumount command, enter:

mmumount device

where device is the name of the file system. For example, to unmount the file system fs1, enter:
mmumount fs1

Unmounting a file system on multiple nodes

To unmount file system fs1 on all nodes in the GPFS cluster, issue this command:
mmumount fs1 -a

To unmount a file system only on a specific set of nodes, use the -N flag of the mmumount command.

Deleting a file system

Before deleting a file system, unmount it on all nodes.

Specify the file system to be deleted on the mmdelfs command. For example, to delete the file system
fs1, enter:
mmdelfs fs1

The system displays information similar to:

mmdelfs: 6027-1366 Marking the disks as available
GPFS: 6027-573 All data on following disks of fs1 will be destroyed:
gpfs9nsd
gpfs13nsd
gpfs11nsd
gpfs12nsd
GPFS: 6027-574 Completed deletion of file system fs1.
mmdelfs: 6027-1371 Propagating the changes to all affected nodes.
This is an asynchronous process.

For more information, see the following:

v “Unmounting a file system”
v “mmdelfs Command” on page 180 for complete usage information
v “mmdelnsd Command” on page 185 for removing the NSD definitions after deleting the file system

Determining which nodes have a file system mounted

The mmlsmount command is used to determine which nodes have a given file system mounted. The
name and IP address of each node that has the file system mounted is displayed. This command can be
used for all file systems, all remotely mounted file systems, or file systems mounted on nodes of certain
clusters.

Note that the mmlsmount -L command reports file systems that are in use at the time the command is
issued. A file system is considered to be in use if it is explicitly mounted with the mount or mmmount

Chapter 3. Managing file systems 19

command or if it is mounted internally for the purposes of running some other GPFS command. For
example, when you run the mmrestripefs command, the file system will be internally mounted for the
duration of the command. If mmlsmount is issued in the interim, the file system will be reported as
being in use by the mmlsmount command but, unless it is explicitly mounted, will not show up in the
output of the mount or df commands.

This is an example of a mmlsmount -L command for a mounted file system named fs1:
File system fs1 (mnsd.cluster:fs1) is mounted on 5 nodes:
9.114.132.101 c5n101 mnsd.cluster
9.114.132.100 c5n100 mnsd.cluster
9.114.132.106 c5n106 mnsd.cluster
9.114.132.97 c5n97 cluster1.cluster
9.114.132.92 c5n92 cluster1.cluster

Checking and repairing a file system

The mmfsck command finds and repairs conditions that can cause problems in your file system. The
mmfsck command operates in two modes: online and offline.

The online mode operates on a mounted file system and is chosen by issuing the -o option. Conversely,
the offline mode operates on an unmounted file system. In general it is unnecessary to run mmfsck in
offline mode unless under the direction of the IBM Support Center.

The online mode checks and recovers unallocated blocks on a mounted file system. If a GPFS file
operation fails due to an out of space condition, the cause may be disk blocks that have become
unavailable after repeated node failures. The corrective action taken is to mark the block free in the
allocation map. Any other inconsistencies found are only reported, not repaired.

Note:
1. If you are running the online mmfsck command to free allocated blocks that do not belong to any
files, plan to make file system repairs when system demand is low. This is I/O intensive activity and
it can affect system performance.
2. If you are repairing a file system due to node failure and the file system has quotas enabled, it is
suggested that you run the mmcheckquota command to recreate the quota files.

To repair any other inconsistencies, you must run the offline mode of the mmfsck command on an
unmounted file system. The offline mode checks for these file inconsistencies that might cause problems:
v Blocks marked allocated that do not belong to any file. The corrective action is to mark the block free
in the allocation map.
v Files and directories for which an inode is allocated and no directory entry exists, known as orphaned
files. The corrective action is to create directory entries for these files in a lost+found subdirectory in
the root directory of the fileset to which the file or directory belongs. A fileset is a subtree of a file
system namespace that in many respects behaves like an independent file system. The index number of
the inode is assigned as the name. If you do not allow the mmfsck command to reattach an orphaned
file, it asks for permission to delete the file.
v Directory entries pointing to an inode that is not allocated. The corrective action is to remove the
directory entry.
v Incorrectly formed directory entries. A directory file contains the inode number and the generation
number of the file to which it refers. When the generation number in the directory does not match the
generation number stored in the file's inode, the corrective action is to remove the directory entry.
v Incorrect link counts on files and directories. The corrective action is to update them with accurate
counts.
v Policy files that are not valid. The corrective action is to delete the file.

20 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

v Various problems related to filesets: missing or corrupted fileset metadata, inconsistencies in directory
structure related to filesets, missing or corrupted fileset root directory, other problems in internal data
structures.

The mmfsck command performs other functions not listed here, as deemed necessary by GPFS.

You cannot run the mmfsck command on a file system that has disks in a down state. You must first run
the mmchdisk command to change the state of the disks to unrecovered or up. To display the status of
the disks in the file system, issue the mmlsdisk command.

For example, to check the file system fs1 without making any changes to the file system, enter:
mmfsck fs1

The system displays information similar to:

Checking "fs1"
Checking inodes
Checking inode map file
Checking directories and files
Checking log files
Checking extended attributes file
Checking allocation summary file
Checking policy file
Validated policy ’for stripe group fs1’: parsed 3 Placement Rules,
0 Migrate/Delete/Exclude Rules
Migrate/Delete/Exclude Rules
Checking filesets metadata
Checking file reference counts
Checking file system replication status

1212416 inodes
87560 allocated
0 repairable
0 repaired
0 damaged
0 deallocated
0 orphaned
0 attached

7211746 subblocks
227650 allocated
0 unreferenced
0 deletable
0 deallocated

144504 addresses
0 suspended

File system is clean.

See the “mmchdisk Command” on page 112, “mmcheckquota Command” on page 116, “mmfsck
Command” on page 204, and “mmlsdisk Command” on page 232 for complete usage information.

Listing file system attributes

Use the mmlsfs command to display the current file system attributes. Depending on your configuration,
additional information which is set by GPFS may be displayed to assist in problem determination when
contacting the IBM Support Center.

If you specify no options with the mmlsfs command, all file system attributes are listed.

| For example, to list all of the attributes for the file system gpfs2, enter:

Chapter 3. Managing file systems 21

| mmlsfs gpfs2

The system displays information similar to:

| flag value description
| ----------------- ------------------------ ------------------------------------
| -f 262144 Minimum fragment size in bytes
| -i 512 Inode size in bytes
| -I 32768 Indirect block size in bytes
| -m 2 Default number of metadata replicas
| -M 2 Maximum number of metadata replicas
| -r 1 Default number of data replicas
| -R 2 Maximum number of data replicas
| -j scatter Block allocation type
| -D nfs4 File locking semantics in effect
| -k all ACL semantics in effect
| -n 32 Estimated number of nodes that will mount file system
| -B 8388608 Block size
| -Q user;group;fileset Quotas enforced
| user;group Default quotas enabled
| -V 12.02 (3.4.0.0) File system version
| -u yes Support for large LUNs?
| -z no Is DMAPI enabled?
| -L 262144 Logfile size
| -E yes Exact mtime mount option
| -S yes Suppress atime mount option
| -K whenpossible Strict replica allocation option
| --create-time Tue Mar 30 14:56:59 2010 File system creation time
| --fastea yes Fast external attributes enabled?
| --filesetdf no Fileset df enabled?
| --inode-limit 2015232 Maximum number of inodes
| -P system;sp1 Disk storage pools in file system
| -d dm13nsd;dm10nsd;dm11nsd;dm12nsd;dm9;dm14nsd;dm3nsd Disks in file system
| -A yes Automatic mount option
| -o none Additional mount options
| -T /gpfs2 Default mount point
| --mount-priority 10 Mount priority

Note that some of the attributes displayed by the mmlsfs command represent default mount options.
Since the scope of mount options is an individual node, it is possible to have different values on different
nodes. For exact mtime (-E option) and suppressed atime (-S option), the information displayed by the
mmlsfs command represents the current setting on the file system manager node. If these options are
changed with the mmchfs command, the change may not be reflected until the file system is remounted.

See the “mmlsfs Command” on page 238 for complete usage information. See the General Parallel File
System: Concepts, Planning, and Installation Guide and search on GPFS architecture and file system creation
considerations for a detailed discussion of file system attributes.

Modifying file system attributes

Use the mmchfs command to modify existing file system attributes.

Note: All files created after issuing the mmchfs command take on the new attributes. Existing files are
not affected. Use the mmchattr or mmrestripefs -R command to change the replication factor of existing
files. See “Querying and changing file replication attributes” on page 23.

For example, to change the default data replication factor to 2 for the file system fs1, enter:
mmchfs fs1 -r 2

To confirm the changes, enter:

mmlsfs fs1 -r

22 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

The system displays information similar to:
flag value description
---- -------------- -------------------------------------------------------
-r 2 Default number of data replicas

See the “mmchfs Command” on page 121 and the “mmlsfs Command” on page 238 for complete usage
information. See the General Parallel File System: Concepts, Planning, and Installation Guide and search on
GPFS architecture and file system creation considerations for a detailed discussion of file system attributes.

Querying and changing file replication attributes

If your availability requirements change, you can have GPFS display the current replication factors for
one or more files by issuing the mmlsattr command. You might then decide to change replication for one
or more files using the mmchattr command.

For complete usage information, see the “mmlsattr Command” on page 224 and the “mmchattr
Command” on page 96.

Querying file replication

Specify one or more file names with the mmlsattr command. For example, to display the replication
factors for two files named project4.sched and project4.resource in the file system fs1, enter:
mmlsattr /fs1/project4.sched /fs1/project4.resource

The system displays information similar to:

replication factors
metadata(max) data(max) file [flags]
------------- --------- ---------------
1 ( 2) 1 ( 2) /fs1/project4.sched
1 ( 2) 1 ( 2) /fs1/project4.resource

See the “mmlsattr Command” on page 224 for complete usage information. See the General Parallel File
System: Concepts, Planning, and Installation Guide and search on GPFS architecture and file system creation
considerations for a detailed discussion of file system attributes.

Changing file replication attributes

Use the mmchattr command to change the replication attributes for one or more files.

You can only increase data and metadata replication as high as the maximum data and maximum
metadata replication factors for that file system. You cannot change the maximum data and maximum
metadata replication factors once the file system has been created.

Specify the file name, attribute, and new value with the mmchattr command. For example, to change the
metadata replication factor to 2 and the data replication factor to 2 for the file named project7.resource in
the file system fs1, enter:
mmchattr -m 2 -r 2 /fs1/project7.resource

To confirm the change, enter:

mmlsattr /fs1/project7.resource

The system displays information similar to:

replication factors
metadata(max) data(max) file [flags]
------------- --------- ---------------
2 ( 2) 2 ( 2) /fs1/project7.resource

Chapter 3. Managing file systems 23

See the “mmchattr Command” on page 96 and the “mmlsattr Command” on page 224 for complete usage
information. See the General Parallel File System: Concepts, Planning, and Installation Guide and search on
GPFS architecture and file system creation considerations for a detailed discussion of file system attributes.

Using Direct I/O on a file in a GPFS file system

The Direct I/O caching policy can be set for files in a GPFS file system by specifying the -D option on
the mmchattr command.

This caching policy bypasses file cache and transfers data directly from disk into the user space buffer, as
opposed to using the normal cache policy of placing pages in kernel memory. Applications with poor
cache hit rates or very large I/Os may benefit from the use of Direct I/O.

Direct I/O may also be specified by supplying the O_DIRECT file access mode on the open() of the file.

Restriping a GPFS file system

Writing data into a GPFS file system correctly stripes the file. However, if you have added disks to a
GPFS file system that are seldom updated, use the mmrestripefs command to restripe the file system to
achieve maximum performance.

Restriping offers the opportunity to specify useful options in addition to rebalancing (-b option).
Re-replicating (-r or -R option) provides for proper replication of all data and metadata. If you use
replication, this option is useful to protect against additional failures after losing a disk. For example, if
you use a replication factor of 2 and one of your disks fails, only a single copy of the data would remain.
If another disk then failed before the first failed disk was replaced, some data might be lost. If you expect
delays in replacing the failed disk, you could protect against data loss by suspending the failed disk
using the mmchdisk command and re-replicating. This would assure that all data existed in two copies
on operational disks.

If files are assigned to one storage pool, but with data in a different pool, the placement (-p) option will
migrate their data to the correct pool. Such files are referred to as ill-placed. Utilities, such as the
mmchattr command or policy engine, may change a file's storage pool assignment, but not move the
data. The mmrestripefs command may then be invoked to migrate all of the data at once, rather than
migrating each file individually. Note that the rebalance (-b) option also performs data placement on all
files, whereas the placement (-p) option rebalances only the files that it moves.

If you do not replicate all of your files, the migrate (-m) option is useful to protect against data loss when
you have an advance warning that a disk may be about to fail, for example, when the error logs show an
excessive number of I/O errors on a disk. Suspending the disk and issuing the mmrestripefs command
with the -m option is the quickest way to migrate only the data that would be lost if the disk failed.

If you do not use replication, the -m and -r options are equivalent; their behavior differs only on
replicated files. After a successful re-replicate (-r option) all suspended disks are empty. A migrate
operation, using the -m option, leaves data on a suspended disk as long as at least one other replica of
the data remains on a disk that is not suspended. Restriping a file system includes re-replicating it; the -b
option performs all the operations of the -m and -r options.

Consider the necessity of restriping and the current demands on the system. New data which is added to
the file system is correctly striped. Restriping a large file system requires extensive data copying and may
affect system performance. Plan to perform this task when system demand is low.

If you are sure you want to proceed with the restripe operation:
1. Use the mmchdisk command to suspend any disks to which you do not want the file system
restriped. You may want to exclude disks from file system restriping because they are failing. See
“Changing GPFS disk states and parameters” on page 39.
24 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference
2. Use the mmlsdisk command to assure that all disk devices to which you do want the file system
restriped are in the up/normal state. See “Displaying GPFS disk states” on page 38.

Specify the target file system with the mmrestripefs command. For example, to rebalance (-b option) file
system fs2 after adding an additional RAID device, enter:
mmrestripefs fs2 -b

The system displays information similar to:

mmrestripefs fs2 -b
GPFS: 6027-589 Scanning file system metadata, phase 1 ...
48 % complete on Wed Aug 16 16:47:53 2000
96 % complete on Wed Aug 16 16:47:56 2000
100 % complete on Wed Aug 16 16:47:56 2000
GPFS: 6027-552 Scan completed successfully.
GPFS: 6027-589 Scanning file system metadata, phase 2 ...
GPFS: 6027-552 Scan completed successfully.
GPFS: 6027-589 Scanning file system metadata, phase 3 ...
98 % complete on Wed Aug 16 16:48:02 2000
100 % complete on Wed Aug 16 16:48:02 2000
GPFS: 6027-552 Scan completed successfully.
GPFS: 6027-565 Scanning user file metadata ...
GPFS: 6027-552 Scan completed successfully.

See the “mmrestripefs Command” on page 295 for complete usage information.

Querying file system space

Although you can use the df command to summarize the amount of free space on all GPFS disks, the
mmdf command is useful for determining how well-balanced the file system is across your disks. You
can also use the mmdf command to diagnose space problems that might result from fragmentation.

Note: The mmdf command may require considerable metadata I/O, and should be run when the system
load is light.

Specify the file system you want to query with the mmdf command. For example, to query available
space on all disks in the file system fs1, enter:
mmdf fs1

The system displays information similar to:

disk disk size failure holds holds free KB free KB
name in KB group metadata data in full blocks in fragments
--------------- ------------- -------- -------- ----- -------------------- -------------------
Disks in storage pool: system (Maximum disk size allowed is 122 GB)
hd16vsdn10 17793024 -1 yes yes 17538560 ( 99%) 1728 ( 0%)
hd3vsdn01 8880128 2 yes yes 8658176 ( 98%) 1600 ( 0%)
hd4vsdn01 8880128 2 yes yes 8616448 ( 97%) 1384 ( 0%)
hd15vsdn10 17793024 10 yes yes 17539584 ( 99%) 1664 ( 0%)
hd13vsdn02 8880128 4001 yes yes 8663552 ( 98%) 1776 ( 0%)
hd8vsdn01 8880128 4002 yes yes 8659200 ( 98%) 1936 ( 0%)
hd5vsdn01 8880128 4002 yes yes 8654848 ( 97%) 1728 ( 0%)
hd33n09 17796008 4003 yes yes 17540864 ( 99%) 2240 ( 0%)
------------- -------------------- -------------------
(pool total) 257800488 252091136 ( 98%) 46928 ( 0%)

Disks in storage pool: fs1sp1 (Maximum disk size allowed is 122 GB)
hd30n01 8897968 8 no yes 8895488 (100%) 424 ( 0%)

Chapter 3. Managing file systems 25

hd31n01 8897968 8 no yes 8895488 (100%) 424 ( 0%)
------------- -------------------- -------------------
(pool total) 17795936 17790976 (100%) 848 ( 0%)

============= ==================== ===================

(data) 266716296 261222144 ( 98%) 44576 ( 0%)
(metadata) 248920360 243217408 ( 98%) 46048 ( 0%)
============= ==================== ===================
(total) 275596424 269882112 ( 98%) 47776 ( 0%)

Inode Information
-----------------
Number of used inodes: 9799
Number of free inodes: 4990393
Number of allocated inodes: 5000192
Maximum number of inodes: 5000192

See the “mmdf Command” on page 189 for complete usage information.

Querying and reducing file system fragmentation

Disk fragmentation within a file system is an unavoidable condition. When a file is closed after it has
been written to, the last logical block of data is reduced to the actual number of subblocks required, thus
creating a fragmented block.

In order to write to a file system, free full blocks of disk space are required. Due to fragmentation, it is
entirely possible to have the situation where the file system is not full, but an insufficient number of free
full blocks are available to write to the file system. Replication can also cause the copy of the fragment to
be distributed among disks in different failure groups. The mmdefragfs command can be used to query
the current fragmented state of the file system and reduce the fragmentation of the file system.

In order to reduce the fragmentation of a file system, the mmdefragfs command migrates fragments to
free space in another fragmented disk block of sufficient space, thus creating a free full block. There is no
requirement to have a free full block in order to run the mmdefragfs command. The execution time of
the mmdefragfs command depends on the size and allocation pattern of the file system. For a file system
with a large number of disks, the mmdefragfs command will run through several iterations of its
algorithm, each iteration compressing a different set of disks. Execution time is also dependent on how
fragmented the file system is. The less fragmented a file system, the shorter time for the mmdefragfs
command to execute.

The fragmentation of a file system can be reduced on all disks which are not suspended or stopped. If a
disk is suspended or stopped, the state of the disk, not the utilization information, will be displayed as
output for the mmdefragfs command.

The mmdefragfs command can be run on both a mounted or an unmounted file system, but achieves
best results on an unmounted file system. Running the command on a mounted file system can cause
conflicting allocation information and consequent retries to find a new free subblock of the correct size to
store the fragment in.

Querying file system fragmentation

To query the current status of the amount of fragmentation for a file system, specify the file system name
along with the -i option on the mmdefragfs command. For example, to display the current fragmentation
information for file system fs0, enter:
mmdefragfs fs0 -i

The system displays information similar to:

26 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

"fs0" 10304 inodes: 457 allocated / 9847 free

free subblk free

disk disk size in full subblk in % %
name in nSubblk blocks fragments free blk blk util
--------------- --------- --------- --------- -------- -------
gpfs68nsd 4390912 4270112 551 97.249 99.544
gpfs69nsd 4390912 4271360 490 97.277 99.590
--------- --------- --------- -------
(total) 8781824 8541472 1041 99.567

See the “mmdefragfs Command” on page 167 for complete usage information.

Reducing file system fragmentation

You can reduce the amount of fragmentation for a file system by issuing the mmdefragfs command, with
or without a desired block usage goal. For example, to reduce the amount of fragmentation for file
system fs1 with a goal of 100% utilization, enter:
mmdefragfs fs1 -u 100

The system displays information similar to:

Defragmenting file system ’fs1’...

Defragmenting until full block utilization is 98.00%, currently 97.07%

27.35 % complete on Tue May 26 14:25:42 2009 ( 617882 inodes 4749 MB)
82.65 % complete on Tue May 26 14:26:02 2009 ( 1867101 inodes 10499 MB)
89.56 % complete on Tue May 26 14:26:23 2009 ( 2023206 inodes 14296 MB)
90.01 % complete on Tue May 26 14:26:43 2009 ( 2033337 inodes 17309 MB)
90.28 % complete on Tue May 26 14:27:03 2009 ( 2039551 inodes 19779 MB)
91.17 % complete on Tue May 26 14:27:23 2009 ( 2059629 inodes 23480 MB)
91.67 % complete on Tue May 26 14:27:43 2009 ( 2070865 inodes 26760 MB)
92.51 % complete on Tue May 26 14:28:03 2009 ( 2089804 inodes 29769 MB)
93.12 % complete on Tue May 26 14:28:23 2009 ( 2103697 inodes 32649 MB)
93.39 % complete on Tue May 26 14:28:43 2009 ( 2109629 inodes 34934 MB)
95.47 % complete on Tue May 26 14:29:04 2009 ( 2156805 inodes 36576 MB)
95.66 % complete on Tue May 26 14:29:24 2009 ( 2160915 inodes 38705 MB)
95.84 % complete on Tue May 26 14:29:44 2009 ( 2165146 inodes 40248 MB)
96.58 % complete on Tue May 26 14:30:04 2009 ( 2181719 inodes 41733 MB)
96.77 % complete on Tue May 26 14:30:24 2009 ( 2186053 inodes 43022 MB)
96.99 % complete on Tue May 26 14:30:44 2009 ( 2190955 inodes 43051 MB)
97.20 % complete on Tue May 26 14:31:04 2009 ( 2195726 inodes 43077 MB)
97.40 % complete on Tue May 26 14:31:24 2009 ( 2200378 inodes 43109 MB)
97.62 % complete on Tue May 26 14:31:44 2009 ( 2205201 inodes 43295 MB)
97.83 % complete on Tue May 26 14:32:05 2009 ( 2210003 inodes 43329 MB)
97.85 % complete on Tue May 26 14:32:25 2009 ( 2214741 inodes 43528 MB)
97.86 % complete on Tue May 26 14:32:55 2009 ( 2221888 inodes 43798 MB)
97.87 % complete on Tue May 26 14:33:35 2009 ( 2231453 inodes 44264 MB)
97.88 % complete on Tue May 26 14:34:26 2009 ( 2243181 inodes 45288 MB)
100.00 % complete on Tue May 26 14:35:10 2009

free subblk free

disk in full subblk in % %
name blocks blk fragments free blk blk util
before after freed before after before after before after
---------- ----------------------- ----------------- ------------ ------------
nsd32 277504 287840 323 12931 2183 84.69 87.84 96.05 99.33
nsd33 315232 315456 7 580 185 96.20 96.27 99.82 99.94
nsd21 301824 303616 56 2481 666 92.11 92.66 99.24 99.80
nsd34 275904 285920 313 13598 3159 84.20 87.26 95.85 99.04
nsd30 275840 285856 313 13348 2923 84.18 87.24 95.93 99.11
nsd19 278592 288832 320 12273 1874 85.02 88.14 96.25 99.43
nsd31 276224 284608 262 12012 3146 84.30 86.86 96.33 99.04
----------------------- ----------------- ------------

Chapter 3. Managing file systems 27

(total) 2001120 2052128 1594 67223 14136 97.07 99.38

Defragmentation complete, full block utilization is 99.04%.

See the “mmdefragfs Command” on page 167 for complete usage information.

Backing up a file system

GPFS provides a way to back up the file system user data and the overall file system configuration
information.

You can use the mmbackup command to back up the files of a GPFS file system to a backup Tivoli
Storage Manager (TSM) server.

Alternatively, you can utilize the GPFS policy engine (mmapplypolicy command) to generate lists of files
to be backed up and provide them as input to some other external storage manager.

The file system configuration information can be backed up using the mmbackupconfig command.

Note: Windows nodes do not support the mmbackup and mmapplypolicy commands.

Backing up a file system using the mmbackup command

The mmbackup command can be used to back up the files of a GPFS file system to Tivoli Storage
Manager (TSM) servers using the TSM Backup-Archive (BA) client. Once a file system has been backed
up, you can restore files using the interfaces provided by TSM.

The mmbackup command provides:

v A full backup of all files in the file system.
v An incremental backup of only those files that have changed or been deleted since the last backup.
Files that have changed since the last backup are updated and files that have been deleted since the
last backup are expired from the TSM server.
v Utilization of a fast scan technology for improved performance
v The ability to perform the backup operation on a number of nodes in parallel
v The ability to back up directories
v The ability to backup the read/write version of the file system or specific snapshots
v Storing the files in the backup server under their GPFS root directory path
v Improved handling of unlinked filesets to avoid inadvertent expiration of files

The mmbackup command supports backing up of GPFS file system data to multiple Tivoli Storage
Manager servers. The ability to partition file backups across multiple TSM servers is particularly useful
for installations that have a large number of files. For information on setting up multiple TSM servers,
see “Tivoli Storage Manager requirements” on page 29.

Unless otherwise specified, the mmbackup command backs up the current active version of the GPFS file
system. If you want to create a backup of the file system at a specific time, you can use the
mmcrsnapshot command to create a snapshot of the file system and then specify that snapshot on the
mmbackup -S option.

If an unlinked fileset is detected, the mmbackup processing will issue an error message and exit. You can
force the backup operation to proceed by specifying the mmbackup -f option. In this case, files that
belong to unlinked filesets will not be backed up, but will be removed from the expire list.

28 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

If you have file systems that were backed up using the GPFS 3.2 or earlier version of the mmbackup
command, you will not be able to take advantage of some of the new mmbackup features until a new
full backup is performed. See “File systems backed up using GPFS 3.2 or earlier versions of mmbackup.”

Tivoli Storage Manager requirements

The mmbackup command requires a Tivoli Storage Manager client and server environment to perform a
backup operation. For details on the supported versions of TSM, client and server installation and setup,
include and exclude lists, see the TSM documentation at the IBM Tivoli Storage Manager Version 6.1
Documentation Information Center (http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/tsminfo/v6/index.jsp).
1. Ensure the supported versions of the TSM client and server are installed.
2. Ensure the TSM server and clients are configured properly for backup operations.
3. If using multiple TSM servers to back up a GPFS file system, ensure that the TSM servers are set up
properly.
4. If you want to include or exclude specific GPFS files or directories using include-exclude lists, ensure
that these are set up correctly in the dsm.sys file before invoking the mmbackup command.
5. If more than one node will be used to perform the backup operation (mmbackup -N option):
v Ensure TSM clients are installed on all nodes that will invoke the mmbackup command or
participate in parallel backup operations.
v Ensure TSM is aware that the various TSM clients are all working on the same file system, not
different file systems having the same name on different client machines. This is accomplished by
coding the same value for the nodename keyword in file dsm.sys.

File systems backed up using GPFS 3.2 or earlier versions of mmbackup

GPFS 3.2 and earlier versions of the mmbackup command were used to automatically create a temporary
snapshot named .mmbuSnapshot of the specified file system, and to back up this snapshot to the TSM
server. Accordingly, the files backed up by the command are stored in the /Device/.snapshots/
.mmbuSnapshot directory in the remote data store.

| GPFS 3.3 and later versions of the mmbackup command will preserve this type of processing for
incremental backups until a new full backup is performed. Once a full backup is performed, mmbackup
will store the files under their GPFS root directory path name; all files under /Device/.snapshots/
.mmbuSnapshot will be marked for expiration.

Certain features, such as backing up a directory or backing up from an arbitrary snapshot, cannot be
| used until a full backup is performed with the GPFS 3.3 or later version of the mmbackup command.

Backing up a file system using the GPFS policy engine

If Tivoli Storage Manager is not available, you can use the fast scan capabilities of the GPFS policy engine
to generate lists of files to be backed up and provide them as input to some other external storage
manager. This process typically includes:
v Creating a policy file with LIST rules and associated criteria to generate the desired lists
v Optionally, creating a snapshot to obtain a consistent copy of the file system at a given point in time
v Running the mmapplypolicy command to generate the lists of files to back up
v Invoking the external storage manager to perform the actual backup operation

For more information on GPFS policies and rules refer to Information Lifecycle Management for GPFS in the
GPFS: Advanced Administration Guide.

Chapter 3. Managing file systems 29

Backing up file system configuration information
The mmbackupconfig command can be used to back up vital file system configuration information. This
information can later be used to restore the layout and major characteristics of the file system.

The mmbackupconfig command creates a file that includes:

v Disk information (NSD names, sizes, failure groups)
v Storage pool layout
v Filesets and junction points
v Policy file rules
v Quota settings and current limits
v File system parameters (block size, replication factors, number of inodes, default mount point, and so
on)

The output file generated by the mmbackupconfig command is used as input to the mmrestoreconfig
command.

Note: The mmbackupconfig command only backs up the file system configuration information. It does
not back up any user data or individual file attributes.

Setting up Tivoli Storage Manager for use by GPFS

| Note: To make sure you are running the correct version of Tivoli Storage Manager (TSM), see the GPFS
| FAQs at the following URL:
| http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/clresctr/vxrx/topic/com.ibm.cluster.gpfs.doc/gpfs_faqs/gpfsclustersfaq.pdf

The mmbackup command requires a working Tivoli Storage Manager (TSM) environment:
1. The TSM client code must be installed on the node that will run the mmbackup command. More than
one TSM client node can be specified with the mmbackup command to enhance performance. You
must ensure that TSM clients and the include-exclude list are set up correctly before executing the
mmbackup command. Both the dsm.sys and dsm.opt configuration files are required and are present
in the TSM configuration directory. Only root users and authorized users with write permission to
these files can change them. The lines changed in the dsm.opt and dsm.sys files to enable mmbackup
to work with TSM must be changed in these files on all of the TSM client nodes used by mmbackup.
For example, the dsm.opt file may be:
SErvername k164n06.kgn.ibm.com

The dsm.sys file may be:

SErvername k164n06.kgn.ibm.com
COMMethod TCPip
TCPPort 1500
TCPServeraddress 9.118.95.25
PASSWORDAccess generate
NODEname GPFSnodes
2. The TSM clients must be configured to communicate with the TSM server.
3. TSM must be made aware that the various TSM clients are all working on the same file system, not
different file systems having the same name on different client machines. This is accomplished by
coding the same value for the nodename keyword in the dsm.sys file located in the Tivoli client
directory (/usr/tivoli/tsm/client/ba/bin for AIX, /opt/tivoli/tsm/client/ba/bin for Linux) on each client.
4. Restoration of backed up data must be done using TSM interfaces. This can be done with the client
command line interface or the TSM web client. The TSM web client interface must be made
operational if you desire to use this interface for restoring data to the file system from the TSM server.

30 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Attention: If you are using the TSM Backup Archive client, use caution when you unlink filesets that
contain data backed up by TSM. TSM tracks files by pathname and does not track filesets. As a result,
when you unlink a fileset, it appears to TSM that you deleted the contents of the fileset. Therefore, the
TSM Backup Archive client inactivates the data on the TSM server which may result in the loss of
backup data during the expiration process.

Defining include-exclude options

The following information is useful when using include-exclude options.
v Brief descriptions of the include and exclude options that you can specify in your dsm.sys. See Table 4
for more information about each option.
v A minimum include-exclude list that excludes system files.
v A listed of supported wildcard characters (see Table 5).

After Tivoli Storage Manager evaluates all exclude.fs and exclude.dir statements, the following options
are evaluated against the remaining list of objects available for processing.
Table 4. Options in the dsm.sys file for controlling backup processing
Options Descriptions
exclude These options are equivalent. Use these options to exclude a file or group of files from backup
exclude.backup services and space management services (if the HSM client is installed). The exclude.backup
exclude.file option only excludes files from normal backup, but not from HSM.
exclude.file.backup
include Use these options to include files or assign management classes for backup processing.
include.backup
include.file

To specify groups of files that you want to include or exclude, use the wildcard characters listed in
Table 5. This table applies to include and exclude statements only.

Note: A very large include-exclude list can decrease backup performance. Use wildcards and eliminate
unnecessary include statements to keep the list as short as possible.
Table 5. Wildcard characters
Character Function
* The match-all character. For example:
v The pattern ab*, matches ab, abb, abxxx, but does not match a, b, aa, bb.
v The pattern ab*rs, matches abrs, abtrs, abrsrs, but does not match ars, or aabrs, abrss.
v The pattern ab*ef*rs, matches abefrs, abefghrs, but does not match abefr, abers.
v The pattern abcd.*, matches abcd.c, abcd.txt, but does not match abcd, abcdc, or abcdtxt.

Using APIs to develop backup applications

IBM has supplied a set of subroutines that are useful to create backups or collect information about all
files in a file system. Each subroutine is described in Chapter 9, “GPFS programming interfaces,” on page
321. These subroutines are more efficient for traversing a file system, and provide more features than the
standard POSIX interfaces. These subroutines operate on a snapshot or on the active file system. They
have the ability to return all files, or only files that have changed since some earlier snapshot, which is
useful for incremental backup.

A typical use of these subroutines is the following scenario:

Chapter 3. Managing file systems 31

1. Create a snapshot using the mmcrsnapshot command. For more information on snapshots, see General
Parallel File System: Advanced Administration Guide.
2. Open an inode scan on the snapshot using the gpfs_open_inodescan() or gpfs_open_inodescan64()
subroutine.
3. Retrieve inodes using the gpfs_next_inode() or gpfs_next_inode64() subroutine.
4. Read the file data:
a. Open the file using the gpfs_iopen() or gpfs_iopen64() subroutine.
b. Read the file using the gpfs_iread(), gpfs_ireadx(), gpfs_ireaddir(), or gpfs_ireaddir64()
subroutines.
c. Close the file using the gpfs_iclose() subroutine.

The gpfs_ireadx() subroutine is more efficient than read() or gpfs_iread() for sparse files and for
incremental backups. The gpfs_ireaddir() or gpfs_ireaddir64() subroutine is more efficient than readdir(),
because it returns file type information. There are also subroutines for reading symbolic links,
gpfs_ireadlink() or gpfs_ireadlink64() and for accessing file attributes, gpfs_igetattrs().

IBM has supplied a backup application program, tsbackup.C, to serve as an example. This example is
located in /usr/lpp/mmfs/samples/util and consists of these files:
v tsbackup.C - A utility for backing up a GPFS file system to a TSM server using TSM clients.
v tsbackup.h - A header file containing necessary declarations.

32 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Chapter 4. Managing disks
| Disks can have connectivity to each node in the cluster, be managed by network shared disk servers, or a
| combination of the two. See the mmcrnsd command and the General Parallel File System: Concepts,
| Planning, and Installation Guide, and search on Network Shared Disk (NSD) creation considerations.

Note: A LUN provided by a storage subsystem is a disk for the purposes of this documentation, even if
the LUN is made up of multiple physical disks.

The disk related tasks performed on a GPFS file system include:

1. “Displaying disks in a GPFS cluster”
2. “Adding disks to a file system” on page 34
3. “Deleting disks from a file system” on page 35
4. “Replacing disks in a GPFS file system” on page 36
5. “Additional considerations for managing disks” on page 38
6. “Displaying GPFS disk states” on page 38
7. “Changing GPFS disk states and parameters” on page 39
8. “Changing your NSD configuration” on page 40
9. “Changing NSD server usage and failback” on page 41
10. “Enabling and disabling Persistent Reserve” on page 42

Displaying disks in a GPFS cluster

You can display the disks that belong to your GPFS cluster by issuing the mmlsnsd command.

The default is to display information for all disks defined to the cluster (-a). Otherwise, you may choose
to display the information for a particular file system (-f) or for all disks which do not belong to any file
system (-F).

To display the default information for all of the NSDs belonging to the cluster, enter:
mmlsnsd

The system displays information similar to:

File system Disk name NSD servers
----------------------------------------------------------------------
fs2 hd3n97 c5n97g.ppd.pok.ibm.com,c5n98g.ppd.pok.ibm.com,c5n99g.ppd.pok.ibm.com
fs2 hd4n97 c5n97g.ppd.pok.ibm.com,c5n98g.ppd.pok.ibm.com,c5n99g.ppd.pok.ibm.com
fs2 hd5n98 c5n98g.ppd.pok.ibm.com,c5n97g.ppd.pok.ibm.com,c5n99g.ppd.pok.ibm.com
| fs2 hd6n98 c5n98g.ppd.pok.ibm.com,c5n97g.ppd.pok.ibm.com,c5n99g.ppd.pok.ibm.com
| fs2 sdbnsd c5n94g.ppd.pok.ibm.com,c5n96g.ppd.pok.ibm.com
fs2 sdcnsd c5n94g.ppd.pok.ibm.com,c5n96g.ppd.pok.ibm.com
fs2 sddnsd c5n94g.ppd.pok.ibm.com,c5n96g.ppd.pok.ibm.com
fs2 sdensd c5n94g.ppd.pok.ibm.com,c5n96g.ppd.pok.ibm.com
fs2 sdgnsd c5n94g.ppd.pok.ibm.com,c5n96g.ppd.pok.ibm.com
fs2 sdfnsd c5n94g.ppd.pok.ibm.com,c5n96g.ppd.pok.ibm.com
fs2 sdhnsd c5n94g.ppd.pok.ibm.com,c5n96g.ppd.pok.ibm.com
(free disk) hd2n97 c5n97g.ppd.pok.ibm.com,c5n98g.ppd.pok.ibm.com

To find out the local device names for the disks, use the mmlsnsd command with the -m option. For
example, issuing mmlsnsd -m produces output similar to this:

© Copyright IBM Corp. 1998, 2010 33

| Disk name NSD volume ID Device Node name Remarks
| ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| hd2n97 0972846145C8E924 /dev/hdisk2 c5n97g.ppd.pok.ibm.com server node
| hd2n97 0972846145C8E924 /dev/hdisk2 c5n98g.ppd.pok.ibm.com server node
| hd3n97 0972846145C8E927 /dev/hdisk3 c5n97g.ppd.pok.ibm.com server node
| hd3n97 0972846145C8E927 /dev/hdisk3 c5n98g.ppd.pok.ibm.com server node
| hd4n97 0972846145C8E92A /dev/hdisk4 c5n97g.ppd.pok.ibm.com server node
| hd4n97 0972846145C8E92A /dev/hdisk4 c5n98g.ppd.pok.ibm.com server node
| hd5n98 0972846245EB501C /dev/hdisk5 c5n97g.ppd.pok.ibm.com server node
| hd5n98 0972846245EB501C /dev/hdisk5 c5n98g.ppd.pok.ibm.com server node
| hd6n98 0972846245DB3AD8 /dev/hdisk6 c5n97g.ppd.pok.ibm.com server node
| hd6n98 0972846245DB3AD8 /dev/hdisk6 c5n98g.ppd.pok.ibm.com server node

Adding disks to a file system

Many file systems grow rapidly so you might decide that more disk space is required for your file system
soon after creation. Before adding disks, see General Parallel File System: Concepts, Planning, and Installation
Guide for details on creating disk descriptors.

Storage in a file system is divided in storage pools. The maximum size of any one disk that can be added
to an existing storage pool is set approximately to the sum of the disk sizes when the storage pool is
created. The actual value is shown in the mmdf command output.

Once a storage pool is created, the maximum size cannot be altered. However, you can create a new pool
with larger disks, and then move data from the old pool to the new one.

When establishing a storage pool and when adding disks later to an existing storage pool, you should try
to keep the sizes of the disks fairly uniform. GPFS allocates blocks round robin, and as the utilization
level rises on all disks, the small ones will fill up first and all files created after that will be spread across
fewer disks, which reduces the amount of prefetch that can be done for those files.

To add disks to a GPFS file system, first decide if you will:

1. Create new disks using the mmcrnsd command.
You should also decide whether to use the rewritten disk descriptor file produced by the mmcrnsd
command, or create a new list of disk descriptors. When using the rewritten file, the Disk Usage and
Failure Group specifications remain the same as specified on the mmcrnsd command.
2. Select disks no longer in use in any file system. Issue the mmlsnsd -F command to display the
available disks.
The disk may then be added to the file system using the mmadddisk command.

For example, to add the disk gpfs2nsd to the file system fs2, have it join failure group 1 in the storage
pool system, and rebalance the existing files to take advantage of the added space, enter:
mmadddisk fs2 gpfs2nsd::::1 -r

The system displays information similar to:

The following disks of fs2 will be formatted on node c103rp05.ppd.pok.ibm.com:
gpfs2nsd: size 17773440 KB
Extending Allocation Map
Checking Allocation Map for storage pool ’system’
Completed adding disks to file system fs2.
mmadddisk: Propagating the cluster configuration data to all
affected nodes. This is an asynchronous process.
Restriping fs2 ...
Scanning file system metadata, phase 1 ...
Scan completed successfully.
Scanning file system metadata, phase 2 ...
Scanning file system metadata for sp1 storage pool
Scan completed successfully.

34 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Scanning file system metadata, phase 3 ...
Scan completed successfully.
Scanning file system metadata, phase 4 ...
Scan completed successfully.
Scanning user file metadata ...
0.02 % complete on Fri Apr 17 12:09:56 2009 ( 64156800 inodes 423500 MB)
1.02 % complete on Fri Apr 17 12:10:26 2009 ( 133729792 inodes 807852 MB)
2.02 % complete on Fri Apr 17 12:10:57 2009 ( 197143296 inodes 1232816 MB)
3.02 % complete on Fri Apr 17 12:11:27 2009 ( 266378880 inodes 1616981 MB)
4.02 % complete on Fri Apr 17 12:11:57 2009 ( 329977216 inodes 2042187 MB)
5.02 % complete on Fri Apr 17 12:12:28 2009 ( 392723884 inodes 2423210 MB)
6.02 % complete on Fri Apr 17 12:12:58 2009 ( 454631552 inodes 2803784 MB)
7.02 % complete on Fri Apr 17 12:13:28 2009 ( 516441518 inodes 3184163 MB)
8.02 % complete on Fri Apr 17 12:13:58 2009 ( 571830818 inodes 3517766 MB)
9.02 % complete on Fri Apr 17 12:14:29 2009 ( 633807745 inodes 3898503 MB)
10.02 % complete on Fri Apr 17 12:14:59 2009 ( 690029345 inodes 4319841 MB)
11.02 % complete on Fri Apr 17 12:15:29 2009 ( 866355968 inodes 4930622 MB)
12.02 % complete on Fri Apr 17 12:16:01 2009 (1132511232 inodes 11907893 MB)
100.00 % complete on Fri Apr 17 12:16:01 2009
Scan completed successfully.
Done

Deleting disks from a file system

Before deleting a disk use the mmdf command to determine whether there is enough free space on the
remaining disks to store the file system.

Note: See “Querying file system space” on page 25 for more information about diagnosing space
problems.

Consider how fragmentation may increase your storage requirements, especially when the file system
contains a large number of small files. A margin of 150 percent of the size of the disks being deleted
should be sufficient to allow for fragmentation when small files predominate. For example, in order to
| delete a 400 GB disk from your file system, which contains user home directories with small files, you
| should first determine that the other disks in the file system contain a total of 600 GB of free space.

If you do not replicate your file system data, you should rebalance the file system using the mmrestripefs
-b command. If you replicate your file system data, run the mmrestripefs -r command after the disk has
been deleted. This ensures that all data will still exist with correct replication after the disk is deleted. The
mmdeldisk command only migrates data that would otherwise be lost, not data that will be left in a
single copy.

Do not delete stopped disks, if at all possible. Start any stopped disk before attempting to delete it from
the file system. If the disk cannot be started you will have to consider it permanently damaged. You will
need to delete the disk using the appropriate options. If metadata was stored on the disk, you will need
to execute the offline version of the mmfsck command. See the General Parallel File System: Problem
Determination Guide and search for NSD failures for further information on handling this.

When deleting disks from a file system, the disks may or may not be available. If the disks being deleted
are still available, GPFS moves all of the data from those disks to the disks remaining in the file system.
However, if the disks being deleted are damaged, either partially or permanently, it is not possible to

Chapter 4. Managing disks 35

move all of the data and you will receive I/O errors during the deletion process. For instructions on how
to handle damaged disks, see the General Parallel File System: Problem Determination Guide and search for
Disk media failure.

Specify the file system and the names of one or more disks to delete with the mmdeldisk command. For
| example, to delete the disk hd2n97 from the file system fs2 enter:
mmdeldisk fs2 hd2n97

The system displays information similar to:

Refer to “mmdeldisk Command” on page 173 for syntax and usage information.

Replacing disks in a GPFS file system

Replacing an existing disk in a GPFS file system with a new one is the same as performing a delete disk
operation followed by an add disk. However, this operation eliminates the need to restripe the file system
following the separate delete disk and add disk operations as data is automatically moved to the new
disk.

When replacing disks in a GPFS file system, first decide if you will:
1. Create new disks using the mmcrnsd command.
You should also decide whether to use the rewritten disk descriptor file produced by the mmcrnsd
command, or create a new list of disk descriptors. When using the rewritten file, the Disk Usage and
Failure Group specifications will remain the same as specified on the mmcrnsd command.
2. Select NSDs no longer in use by another GPFS file system. Issue the mmlsnsd -F command to display
the available disks.
To replace a disk in the file system, use the mmrpldisk command. For example, to replace the NSD
hd3n97 in file system fs2 with the existing NSD hd2n97, which is no longer in use by another file system,
enter:

36 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

mmrpldisk fs2 hd3n97 hd2n97

The system displays information similar to:

| Note: If you attempt to replace a stopped disk and the file system is not replicated, the attempt will fail.

However, you can replace a stopped disk if the file system is replicated. You can do so in one of the
following ways:
v Deletion, addition, and rebalancing method:
1. Use the mmdeldisk command to delete the stopped disk from the file system.
2. Use the mmadddisk command to add a replacement disk.
3. Use the mmrestripefs -b command to rebalance the file system.
While this method requires rebalancing, it returns the system to a protected state faster (because it can
use all of the remaining disks to create new replicas), thereby reducing the possibility of losing data.
—Or—
v Direct replacement method:
Use the mmrpldisk command to directly replace the stopped disk.
The mmrpldisk command only runs at single disk speed because all data being moved must be
written to the replacement disk. The data is vulnerable while the command is running, and should a
second failure occur before the command completes, it is likely that some data will be lost.

Chapter 4. Managing disks 37

See the General Parallel File System: Problem Determination Guide and search for disk media failure for further
| information on handling this.

Additional considerations for managing disks

If you delete, replace, or suspend a disk with strict replication enforced, you may receive an ENOSPC
error when you create or append data to an existing file.

If you need to delete, replace, or suspend a disk and you need to write new data while the disk is offline,
you can disable strict replication before you perform the disk action. However, data written while
replication is disabled will not be properly replicated. Therefore, after you perform the disk action, you
must re-enable strict replication and run the mmrestripefs -r command. To determine if a file system has
strict replication enforced, issue the mmlsfs -K command.

Displaying GPFS disk states

You can display the current state of one or more disks in your file system by issuing the mmlsdisk
command.

The information includes parameters that were specified on the mmcrfs command, and the current
availability and status of the disks. For example, to display the current status of the disk hd8vsdn100 in
the file system fs1, enter:
mmlsdisk fs1 -d hd8vsdn100

Status is displayed in a format similar to:

disk driver sector failure holds holds storage
name type size group metadata data status availability pool
------------ -------- ------ ------- -------- ----- ------------- ------------ ------------
hd8vsdn100 nsd 512 1 no yes ready up sp1

Refer to “mmlsdisk Command” on page 232 for syntax and usage information.

Disk availability
A disk's availability determines whether GPFS is able to read and write to the disk. There are four
possible values for availability:
up The disk is available to GPFS for normal read and write operations.
down No read and write operations can be performed on the disk.
recovering
| An intermediate state for disks coming up, during which GPFS verifies and corrects data. write
| operations can be performed while a disk is in this state, but read operations cannot (because
| data on the disk being recovered might be stale until the mmchdisk start command completes).
unrecovered
| The disk was not successfully brought up.

Disk availability is automatically changed from up to down when GPFS detects repeated I/O errors. You
can also change the availability of a disk by issuing the mmchdisk command.

Disk status
Disk status controls data placement and migration. Status changes as a result of a pending delete
operation, or when the mmchdisk command is issued to allow file rebalancing or re-replicating prior to
disk replacement or deletion.

Disk status has five possible values, but three are transitional:

38 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

ready Normal status.
suspended
Indicates that data is to be migrated off this disk.
being emptied
Transitional status in effect while a disk deletion is pending.
replacing
Transitional status in effect for old disk while replacement is pending.
replacement
Transitional status in effect for new disk while replacement is pending.

GPFS allocates space only on disks with a status of ready or replacement.

GPFS migrates data off disks with a status of being emptied, replacing, or suspended onto disks with a
status of ready or replacement. During disk deletion or replacement, data is automatically migrated as
part of the operation. Issue the mmrestripefs command to initiate data migration from a suspended disk.

See “Deleting disks from a file system” on page 35, “Replacing disks in a GPFS file system” on page 36,
and “Restriping a GPFS file system” on page 24.

Changing GPFS disk states and parameters

You might find it necessary to change a disk's state if there is some indication of disk failure or if you
need to restripe the file system.

Refer to “Displaying GPFS disk states” on page 38 for a detailed description of disk states. You can
change both the availability and status of a disk using the mmchdisk command:
v Change disk availability using the mmchdisk command and the stop and start options
v Change disk status using the mmchdisk command and the suspend and resume options.

Issue the mmchdisk command with one of the following four options to change disk state:
suspend
Instructs GPFS to stop allocating space on the specified disk. Place a disk in this state prior to
disk deletion or replacement. This is a user-initiated state that GPFS will never use without an
explicit command to change disk state.

Note: A disk remains suspended until it is explicitly resumed. Restarting GPFS or rebooting
nodes does not restore normal access to a suspended disk.
resume
Informs GPFS that a disk previously suspended is now available for allocating new space.
Resume a disk only when you've suspended it and decided not to delete or replace it. If the disk
is currently in a stopped state, it remains stopped until you specify the start option. Otherwise,
normal read and write access to the disk resumes.
stop Instructs GPFS to stop any attempts to access the specified disk. Use this option to inform GPFS
that a disk has failed or is currently inaccessible because of maintenance. A disk's availability
remains down until it is explicitly started with the start option.
start Informs GPFS that a disk previously stopped is now accessible. GPFS does this by first changing
the disk availability from down to recovering. The file system metadata is then scanned and any
missing updates (replicated data that was changed while the disk was down) are repaired. If this
operation is successful, the availability is then changed to up.

Chapter 4. Managing disks 39

If the metadata scan fails, availability is set to unrecovered. This could occur if other disks
remain in recovering or an I/O error has occurred. Repair all disks and paths to disks. See
mmfsck. The metadata scan can then be re-initiated at a later time by issuing the mmchdisk start
command again.
If more than one disk in the file system is down, they should all be started at the same time by
using the -a option. If you start them separately and metadata is stored on any disk that remains
down, the mmchdisk start command fails.

For example, to suspend the hd8vsdn100 disk in the file system fs1, enter:
mmchdisk fs1 suspend -d hd8vsdn100

To confirm the change, enter:

mmlsdisk fs1 -d hd8vsdn100

The system displays information similar to:

You can also use the mmchdisk command with the change option to change the Disk Usage and Failure
Group parameters for one or more disks in a GPFS file system. This can be useful in situations where, for
example, a file system that contains only RAID disks is being upgraded to add conventional disks that
are better suited to storing metadata. After adding the disks using the mmadddisk command, the
metadata currently stored on the RAID disks would have to be moved to the new disks to achieve the
desired performance improvement. To accomplish this, first the mmchdisk change command would be
issued to change the Disk Usage parameter for the RAID disks to dataOnly. Then the mmrestripefs
command would be used to restripe the metadata off the RAID device and onto the conventional disks.

For example, to specify that metadata should no longer be stored on disk hd8vsdn100, enter:
mmchdisk fs1 change -d "hd8vsdn100:::dataOnly"

To confirm the change, enter:

mmlsdisk fs1 -d hd8vsdn100

The system displays information similar to:

See the “mmchdisk Command” on page 112 and the “mmlsdisk Command” on page 232 for complete
usage information.

Changing your NSD configuration

Once your NSDs have been created (see the General Parallel File System: Concepts, Planning, and Installation
Guide and the mmcrnsd command), you may change the configuration attributes as your system
requirements change.

By issuing the mmchnsd command you can:

v Specify up to eight servers for an NSD that does not have one.
v Change the NSD server nodes specified in the server list.
v Delete the server list. The disk must now be SAN-attached to all nodes in the cluster on which the file
system will be mounted.

40 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

You must follow these rules when changing NSDs:
v Identify the disks by the NSD names that were given to them by the mmcrnsd command.
v Explicitly specify values for all NSD servers in the list, even if you are only changing one of the values.
v Unmount the file system that contains the NSD being changed prior to issuing the mmchnsd
command.
v Connect the NSD to the new nodes prior to issuing the mmchnsd command.
v mmchnsd cannot change the DiskUsage or FailureGroup for an NSD. Use the mmchdisk command to
change these attributes.
v To move a disk from one storage pool to another, use the mmdeldisk and mmadddisk commands.
v You cannot change the name of the NSD.

For example, to assign node k145n07 as an NSD server for disk gpfs47nsd:
1. Make sure that k145n07 is not already assigned to the server list by issuing the mmlsnsd command.
mmlsnsd -d "gpfs47nsd"

The system displays information similar to:

File system Disk name NSD server nodes
---------------------------------------------------------------
fs1 gpfs47nsd k145n09
2. Unmount the file system on all nodes and ensure that the disk is connected to the new node
(k145n07).
3. Issue the mmchnsd command:
mmchnsd "gpfs47nsd:k145n09,k145n07"
4. Verify the changes by issuing the mmlsnsd command:
mmlsnsd -d gpfs47nsd

The system displays information similar to:

File system Disk name NSD servers
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
fs2 gpfs47nsd k145n09.ppd.pok.ibm.com,k145n07.ppd.pok.ibm.com

Changing NSD server usage and failback

GPFS determines if a node has physical or virtual connectivity to an underlying NSD disk through a
sequence of commands invoked from the GPFS daemon. This determination is called disk discovery and
occurs at both initial GPFS startup as well as whenever a file system is mounted.

The default order of access used in disk discovery:

| 1. Local block device interfaces for SAN, SCSI or IDE disks
2. NSD servers

The useNSDserver file system mount option can be used to set the order of access used in disk
discovery, and limit or eliminate switching from local access to NSD server access, or the other way
around. This option is specified using the -o flag of the mmmount, mount, mmchfs, and mmremotefs
commands, and has one of these values:
always
Always access the disk using the NSD server.
asfound
Access the disk as found (the first time the disk was accessed). No change of disk access from
local to NSD server, or the other way around, is performed by GPFS.

Chapter 4. Managing disks 41

asneeded
Access the disk any way possible. This is the default.
never Always use local disk access.

For example, to always use the NSD server when mounting file system fs1, issue this command:
mmmount fs1 -o useNSDserver=always

To change the disk discovery of a file system that is already mounted: cleanly unmount it, wait for the
unmount to complete, and then mount the file system using the desired -o useNSDserver option.

Enabling and disabling Persistent Reserve

GPFS can use Persistent Reserve (PR) functionality to improve failover times (with some restrictions).

The following restrictions apply to the use of PR:

v PR is only supported on AIX nodes. This means that:
– If the disks have defined NSD servers, then all NSD server nodes must be running AIX.
– If the disks are SAN-attached to all nodes, then all nodes in the cluster must be running AIX.
v PR is only supported on NSDs built directly on hdisks.
v The disk subsystems must support PR
v GPFS supports a mix of PR disks and other disks. However, you will only realize improved failover
times if all disks in the cluster support PR.
v GPFS only supports PR in the local cluster. Remote mounts must access the disks through an NSD
server.
v When you enable or disable PR, you must stop GPFS on all nodes.

To enable (or disable) Persistent Reserve, issue the command:

mmchconfig usePersistentReserve={yes|no}

For fast recovery times with Persistent Reserve, you should also set the failureDetectionTime configuration
parameter. For fast recovery, a recommended value would be 10. You can set this by issuing the
command:
mmchconfig failureDetectionTime=10

To determine if the disks on the servers and the disks of a specific node have PR enabled, issue the
following command from the node:
mmlsnsd -X

The system responds with something similar to:

Disk name NSD volume ID Device Devtype Node name Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
gpfs10nsd 09725E5E43035A99 /dev/hdisk6 hdisk k155n14.kgn.ibm.com server node,pr=yes
gpfs10nsd 09725E5E43035A99 /dev/hdisk8 hdisk k155n16.kgn.ibm.com server node,pr=yes
gpfs10nsd 09725E5E43035A99 /dev/hdisk6 hdisk k155n17.kgn.ibm.com directly attached pr=yes

If the GPFS daemon has been started on all the nodes in the cluster and the file system has been
mounted on all nodes that have direct access to the disks, then pr=yes should be on all hdisks. If you do
not see this, there is a problem. Refer to the General Parallel File System: Problem Determination Guide for
additional information on Persistent Reserve errors.

42 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Chapter 5. Managing GPFS quotas
The GPFS quota system helps you to control the allocation of files and data blocks in a file system.

GPFS quotas can be defined for:

v Individual users
v Groups of users
v Individual filesets
Quotas are enabled by the system administrator when control over the amount of space used by the
individual users, groups of users, or individual filesets is required.

Quota related tasks include:

1. “Enabling and disabling GPFS quota management”
2. “Explicitly establishing and changing quotas” on page 45
3. “Default quotas” on page 44
4. “Checking quotas” on page 45
5. “Listing quotas” on page 46
6. “Activating quota limit checking” on page 47
7. “Deactivating quota limit checking” on page 47
8. “Creating file system quota reports” on page 48

For GPFS fileset quotas, see the section Filesets in General Parallel File System: Advanced Administration
Guide.

Note: Windows nodes may be included in clusters that use GPFS quotas; however, Windows nodes do
not support the quota commands.

Enabling and disabling GPFS quota management

You can enable GPFS quota management on new or existing GPFS file systems, establish quota values,
and disable quota management by following the steps in this topic.

To enable GPFS quota management on a new GPFS file system:

1. Specify the -Q yes option on the mmcrfs command. This option automatically activates quota
enforcement whenever the file system is mounted.
2. Mount the file system.
3. Issue the mmedquota command to explicitly set quota values for users, groups, or filesets. See
“Explicitly establishing and changing quotas” on page 45.

To enable GPFS quota management on an existing GPFS file system:

1. Unmount the file system everywhere.
2. Run the mmchfs -Q yes command. This command automatically activates quota enforcement
whenever the file system is mounted.
3. Remount the file system, activating the new quota files. All subsequent mounts follow the new quota
setting.
4. Compile inode and disk block statistics using the mmcheckquota command. See “Checking quotas”
on page 45. The values obtained can be used to establish realistic quota values when issuing the
mmedquota command.

© Copyright IBM Corporation © IBM 1998, 2010 43

5. Issue the mmedquota command to explicitly set quota values for users, groups, or filesets. See
“Explicitly establishing and changing quotas” on page 45.

Once GPFS quota management has been enabled, you may establish quota values by:
v Setting default quotas for all new users, groups of users, or filesets.
v Explicitly establishing or changing quotas for users, groups of users, or filesets.
v Using the gpfs_quotactl() subroutine.

To disable quota management:

1. Unmount the file system everywhere.
2. Run the mmchfs -Q no command.
3. Remount the file system, deactivating the quota files. All subsequent mounts obey the new quota
setting.

See the “mmcheckquota Command” on page 116, the “mmchfs Command” on page 121, the “mmcrfs
Command” on page 144, and the “mmedquota Command” on page 199 for complete usage information.
For additional information on quotas, see the General Parallel File System: Concepts, Planning, and
Installation Guide.

Default quotas
Applying default quotas provides for minimum quota limits for all new users, groups of users, or filesets
for a file system. If default quota values for a file system are not enabled, a new user, group of users or
fileset for that file system has a quota limit of zero, which establishes no limit to the amount of space that
they can use.

To enable default quota values for a file system:

1. The file system must have been created or changed with the -Q yes option. See the mmcrfs and
mmchfs commands.
2. Default quotas are enabled with the mmdefquotaon command.
3. Default quota values are established for new users, groups, and filesets for a file system, by issuing
the mmdefedquota command.

To apply different quota values for a particular user, group, or fileset, the system administrator must
explicitly configure those values using the mmedquota command. If after explicit quotas for a user,
group, or filesets have been established, it is necessary to reapply the default limits for that user, group,
or fileset, you must issue the mmedquota -d command.

The default quotas can be deactivated by issuing the mmdefquotaoff command.

For example, to create default quotas for users of the file system fs0, enter:
mmdefedquota -u fs0

A prompt in your default editor appears:

*** Edit quota limits for USR DEFAULT entry
NOTE: block limits will be rounded up to the next multiple of the block size.
block units may be: K, M, or G.
fs1: blocks in use: 0K, limits (soft = 0K, hard = 0K)
inodes in use: 0, limits (soft = 0, hard = 0)

See the “mmdefedquota Command” on page 159, “mmdefquotaoff Command” on page 162,
“mmdefquotaon Command” on page 164, and “mmedquota Command” on page 199 commands for
complete usage information.

44 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Explicitly establishing and changing quotas
Use the mmedquota command to explicitly establish or change file system quota limits for users, groups
of users, or filesets.

When setting quota limits for a file system, replication within the file system should be considered. GPFS
quota management takes replication into account when reporting on and determining if quota limits have
been exceeded for both block and file usage. In a file system that has either type of replication set to a
value of two, the values reported on by both the mmlsquota command and the mmrepquota command
are double the value reported by the ls command.

The mmedquota command opens a session using your default editor, and prompts you for soft and hard
limits for inodes and blocks. For example, to set user quotas for user jesmith, enter:
mmedquota -u jesmith

A prompt in your default editor appears:

*** Edit quota limits for USR jesmith:
NOTE: block limits will be rounded up to the next multiple block size.
block units may be: K, M, or G.
gpfs0: blocks in use (in KB): 24576, limits (soft = 0, hard = 0)
inodes in use: 3, limits (soft = 0, hard = 0)

Note: A zero quota limit indicates no quota limits have been established.

The current (in use) inode and block usage is for display only; it cannot be changed. When establishing a
new quota, zeros appear as limits. Replace the zeros, or old values if you are changing existing limits
with values based on the user's needs and the resources available. When you close the editor, GPFS
checks the values and applies them. If a value which is not valid is specified, GPFS generates an error
message. If this occurs, reenter the mmedquota command.

You may find it helpful to maintain a quota prototype, a set of limits that you can apply by name to any
user, group, or fileset without entering the individual values manually. This makes it easy to set the same
limits for all. The mmedquota command includes the -p option for naming a prototypical user, group, or
fileset on which limits are to be based.

For example, to set group quotas for all users in a group named blueteam to the prototypical values
established for prototeam, issue:
mmedquota -g -p prototeam blueteam

You may also reestablish default quotas for a specified user, group of users, or fileset when using the -d
option on the mmedquota command.

See the “mmedquota Command” on page 199 for complete usage information.

Checking quotas
The mmcheckquota command counts inode and space usage for a file system and writes the collected
data into quota files.

You must use the mmcheckquota command if:

1. Quota information is lost due to node failure.
Node failure could leave users unable to open files or deny them disk space that their quotas should
allow.
2. The in doubt value approaches the quota limit. To see the in doubt value, use the mmlsquota or
mmrepquota commands.

Chapter 5. Managing GPFS quotas 45

As the sum of the in doubt value and the current usage may not exceed the hard limit, the actual
block space and number of files available to the user, group, or fileset may be constrained by the in
doubt value. Should the in doubt value approach a significant percentage of the quota, use the
mmcheckquota command to account for the lost space and files.

When issuing the mmcheckquota command on a mounted file system, negative in doubt values may be
reported if the quota server processes a combination of up-to-date and back-level information. This is a
transient situation and may be ignored.

During the normal operation of file systems with quotas enabled (not running mmcheckquota online),
the usage data reflects the actual usage of the blocks and inodes in the sense that if you delete files you
should see the usage amount decrease. The in doubt value does not reflect how much the user has used
already, it is just the amount of quotas that the quota server has assigned to its clients. The quota server
does not know whether the assigned amount has been used or not. The only situation where the in doubt
value is important to the user is when the sum of the usage and the in doubt value is greater than the
user's quota hard limit. In this case, the user is not allowed to allocate more blocks or inodes unless he
brings the usage down.

For example, to check quotas for the file system fs1 and report differences between calculated and
recorded disk quotas, enter:
mmcheckquota -v fs1

The information displayed shows that the quota information for USR7 was corrected. Due to a system
failure, this information was lost at the server, which recorded 0 subblocks and 0 files. The current usage
data counted is 96 subblocks and 3 files. This is used to update the quota:
fs1: quota check found the following differences:
USR7: 96 subblocks counted (was 0); 3 inodes counted (was 0)

See the “mmcheckquota Command” on page 116 for complete usage information.

Listing quotas
The mmlsquota command displays the file system quota limits, default quota limits, and current usage
information.

GPFS quota management takes replication into account when reporting on and determining if quota
limits have been exceeded for both block and file usage. In a file system that has either type of replication
set to a value of two, the values reported on by both the mmlsquota command and the mmrepquota
command and the values used to determine if quota limits have been exceeded will be double the value
reported by the ls command. When issuing the mmlsquota command on a mounted file system, negative
in doubt values may be reported if the quota server processes a combination of up-to-date and back-level
information. This is a transient situation and may be ignored.

Specify the quota information for one user, group of users, or fileset with the mmlsquota command. If
neither -g , nor -u, nor -j is specified, quota data is displayed for the user who entered the command.

For example, to display default quota information for users of all the file systems in the cluster, enter:
mmlsquota -d -u

Information similar to this is returned:

Default Block Limits | Default File Limits
Filesystem type quota limit | quota limit Remarks
fs1 USR no default limits

This output shows for file system fs1 a default quota limit of 10240K for users has been established. For
file systems fs2 and fs3 no default quotas for users has been established.

46 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

If you issue the mmlsquota command with the -e option, the quota system collects updated information
from all nodes before returning output. If the node to which in-doubt space was allocated should fail
before updating the quota system about its actual usage, this space might be lost. Should the amount of
space in doubt approach a significant percentage of the quota, run the mmcheckquota command to
account for the lost space.

To collect and display updated quota information about a group named blueteam, specify the -g and -e
options:
mmlsquota -g blueteam -e

The system displays information similar to:

Block Limits | File Limits
Filesystem type KB quota limit in_doubt grace | files quota limit in_doubt grace
Disk quotas for group blueteam (gid 100):
fs1 GRP 45730 52000 99000 1335 none | 411 580 990 19 none

See the “mmlsquota Command” on page 253 for complete usage information.

Activating quota limit checking

Quota limit checking can be activated for users, groups, filesets, or any combination of these three.

You can have quotas activated automatically whenever the file system is mounted by specifying the
quota option (-Q yes) when creating (mmcrfs -Q yes) or changing (mmchfs -Q yes) a GPFS file system.
When creating a file system, the default is to not have quotas activated, so you must specify this option if
you want quotas activated.

The mmquotaon command is used to turn quota limit checking back on if it had been deactivated by
issuing the mmquotaoff command. Specify the file system name, and whether user, group, or fileset
quotas are to be activated. If you want all three - user, group, and fileset quotas activated, specify only
the file system name. After quotas have been turned back on, issue the mmcheckquota command to
count inode and space usage.

For example, to activate user quotas on the file system fs1, enter:
mmquotaon -u fs1

To confirm the change, enter:

mmlsfs fs1 -Q

The system displays output similar to:

flag value description
---- -------------- -----------------------------------------------------
-Q user Quotas enforced

See the “mmquotaon Command” on page 274 and the “mmlsfs Command” on page 238 for complete
usage information.

Deactivating quota limit checking

During normal operation, there is no need to deactivate quota enforcement. The only reason you might
have to deactivate quota enforcement is when users are denied allocation that their quotas should allow,
due to loss of quota information during node failure.

If this occurs, use the mmcheckquota command after reactivating quotas to reconcile allocation data.
When quota enforcement is deactivated, disk space and file allocations are made without regard to limits.

Chapter 5. Managing GPFS quotas 47

The mmquotaoff command is used to deactivate quota limit checking. Specify the file system name and
whether user, group, or fileset quotas, or any combination of these three, are to be deactivated. If you
want all types of quotas deactivated, specify only the file system name.

For example, to deactivate only user quotas on the file system fs1, enter:
mmquotaoff -u fs1

To confirm the change, enter:

mmlsfs fs1 -Q

The system displays output similar to:

flag value description
---- -------------- --------------------
-Q group;fileset Quotas enforced

See the “mmquotaoff Command” on page 272 and the “mmlsfs Command” on page 238 for complete
usage information.

Creating file system quota reports

You can have GPFS prepare a quota report for a file system using the mmrepquota command.

The quota report lists:

1. number of files used
2. amount of disk space used
3. current quota limits
4. in doubt quotas (disk space allocated but currently unaccounted for)
5. grace period allowance to exceed the soft limit
6. whether the quotas have been explicitly set (e), are default values (d), or initial values (i)
The entry type also indicates whether or not default quotas are enabled for the file system (default on
or default off).

Specify whether you want to list only user quota information (-u flag), group quota information (-g flag),
or fileset quota information (-j flag) in the mmrepquota command. The default is to summarize all three
quotas. If the -e flag is not specified, there is the potential to display negative usage values as the quota
server may process a combination of up-to-date and back-level information. When issuing the
mmrepquota command on a mounted file system, negative in doubt values may be reported if the quota
server processes a combination of up-to-date and back-level information. This is a transient situation and
may be ignored.

To list the group quotas (-g option) for all file systems in the cluster (-a option), and print a report with
header lines (-v option), enter:
mmrepquota -g -v -a

The system displays information similar to:

48 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

*** Report for GRP quotas on fs1
Block Limits | File Limits
Name type KB quota limit in_doubt grace | files quota limit in_doubt grace entryType
system GRP 25088 0 0 209120 none | 32 0 0 1078 none default on
usr GRP 435256 0 0 199712 none | 11 0 0 899 none d

See the “mmrepquota Command” on page 282 for complete usage information.

Restoring quota files

User, group, and fileset quota files can be restored from a backup copy of the original quota file. When
restoring quota files, the backup file must be in the root directory of the file system. If a backup copy
does not exist, an empty file will be created when the mmcheckquota command is issued.

The user, group, or fileset files can be restored from backup copies by issuing the mmcheckquota
command with the appropriate options.
1. To restore the user quota file for the file system fs1 from the backup file userQuotaInfo, enter:
mmcheckquota -u userQuotaInfo fs1
2. This will restore the user quota limits set for the file system, but the usage information will not be
current. To bring the usage information to current values, the command must be reissued:
mmcheckquota fs1

If no backup files are available and the quota files are to be restored using a new file, follow these steps:
1. The existing corrupted quota files need to be removed:
a. Unmount the file system.
b. Disable quota management:
mmchfs fs1 -Q no
c. Remount the file system.
d. Remove the user.quota, group.quota, and fileset.quota files.
2. Enable quota management:
a. Unmount the file system.
b. Issue the following command:
mmchfs fs1 -Q yes
c. Remount the file system.
3. Reestablish quota limits by issuing the mmedquota command or the mmdefedquota command.
4. Gather the current quota usage values by issuing the mmcheckquota command.

Chapter 5. Managing GPFS quotas 49

50 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference
Chapter 6. Managing GPFS access control lists and NFS
export
Access control protects directories and files by providing a means of specifying who is granted access.
GPFS access control lists are either traditional ACLs based on the POSIX model, or NFS V4 ACLs. NFS
V4 ACLs are very different than traditional ACLs, and provide much more fine control of file and
directory access. A GPFS file system can also be exported using NFS.

Management of GPFS access control lists (ACLs) and NFS export includes these topics:
v “Traditional GPFS ACL administration”
v “NFS V4 ACL administration” on page 54
v “NFS and GPFS” on page 59

Traditional GPFS ACL administration

Support for NFS V4 access control lists (ACLs) has been added to traditional ACL support. NFS V4 ACLs
are very different than the traditional ones.

If you are using NFS V4 ACLs, see “NFS V4 ACL administration” on page 54. Both ACL types may
coexist in a single GPFS file system.

Traditional GPFS ACLs are based on the POSIX model. Traditional GPFS access control lists (ACLs)
extend the base permissions, or standard file access modes, of read (r), write (w), and execute (x) beyond
the three categories of file owner, file group, and other users, to allow the definition of additional users
and user groups. In addition, GPFS introduces a fourth access mode, control (c), which can be used to
govern who can manage the ACL itself.

In this way, a traditional ACL can be created that looks like this:
#owner:jesmith
#group:team_A
user::rwxc
group::rwx-
other::--x-
mask::rwxc
user:alpha:r-xc
group:audit:r-x-
group:system:rwx-

In this ACL:
v The first two lines are comments showing the file's owner, jesmith, and group name, team_A
v The next three lines contain the base permissions for the file. These three entries are the minimum
necessary for a GPFS ACL:
1. The permissions set for the file owner (user), jesmith
2. The permissions set for the owner's group, team_A
3. The permissions set for other groups or users outside the owner's group and not belonging to any
named entry
v The next line, with an entry type of mask, contains the maximum permissions allowed for any entries
other than the owner (the user entry) and those covered by other in the ACL.
v The last three lines contain additional entries for specific users and groups. These permissions are
limited by those specified in the mask entry, but you may specify any number of additional entries up
to a memory page (approximately 4 K) in size.

© Copyright IBM Corp. 1998, 2010 51

Traditional GPFS ACLs are fully compatible with the base operating system permission set. Any change
to the base permissions, using the chmod command, for example, modifies the corresponding GPFS ACL
as well. Similarly, any change to the GPFS ACL is reflected in the output of commands such as ls -l. Note
that the control (c) permission is GPFS specific. There is no comparable support in the base operating
system commands. As a result, the (c) permission is visible only with the GPFS ACL commands.

Each GPFS file or directory has an access ACL that determines its access privileges. These ACLs control
who is allowed to read or write at the file or directory level, as well as who is allowed to change the
ACL itself.

In addition to an access ACL, a directory may also have a default ACL. If present, the default ACL is used
as a base for the access ACL of every object created in that directory. This allows a user to protect all files
in a directory without explicitly setting an ACL for each one.

When a new object is created, and the parent directory has a default ACL, the entries of the default ACL
are copied to the new object's access ACL. After that, the base permissions for user, mask (or group if
mask is not defined), and other, are changed to their intersection with the corresponding permissions
from the mode parameter in the function that creates the object.

If the new object is a directory, its default ACL is set to the default ACL of the parent directory. If the
parent directory does not have a default ACL, the initial access ACL of newly created objects consists
only of the three required entries (user, group, other). The values of these entries are based on the mode
parameter in the function that creates the object and the umask currently in effect for the process.

Administrative tasks associated with traditional GPFS ACLs are:

1. “Setting traditional GPFS access control lists”
2. “Displaying traditional GPFS access control lists” on page 53
3. “Changing traditional GPFS access control lists” on page 54
4. “Deleting traditional GPFS access control lists” on page 54

Setting traditional GPFS access control lists

Use the mmputacl command to set the access ACL of a file or subdirectory, or the default ACL of a
directory. For example, to set the ACL for a file named project2.history, we can create a file named
project2.acl that contains this:
user::rwxc
group::rwx-
other::--x-
mask::rwxc
user:alpha:r-xc
group:audit:rw--
group:system:rwx-

In the project2.acl file above,

v The first three lines are the required ACL entries setting permissions for the file's owner, the owner's
group, and for processes that are not covered by any other ACL entry.
v The last three lines contain named entries for specific users and groups.
v Because the ACL contains named entries for specific users and groups, the fourth line contains the
required mask entry, which is applied to all named entries (entries other than the user and other).

Once you are satisfied that the correct permissions are set in the ACL file, you can apply them to the
target file with the mmputacl command. For example, to set permissions contained in the file project2.acl
for the file project2.history, enter:
mmputacl -i project2.acl project2.history

52 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

To confirm the changes, enter:
mmgetacl project2.history

The information sent to standard output is similar to:

#owner:guest
#group:usr
user::rwxc
group::rwx- #effective:rw--
other::--x-
mask::rw-c
user:alpha:rwxc #effective:rw-c
group:audit:rwx- #effective:rw--
group:system:-w--

Although you can issue the mmputacl command without using the -i option to specify an ACL input file,
and make ACL entries through standard input, you will probably find the -i option more useful for
avoiding errors when creating a new ACL.

See the “mmputacl Command” on page 269 and the “mmgetacl Command” on page 213 for complete
usage information.

Displaying traditional GPFS access control lists

Use the mmgetacl command to display the access ACL of a file or subdirectory, or the default ACL of a
directory. For example, to display the ACL for the file project2.history, enter:
mmgetacl project2.history

The information sent to standard output is similar to:

#owner:guest
#group:usr
user::rwxc
group::rwx- #effective:rw--
other::--x-
mask::rw-c
user:alpha:rwxc #effective:rw-c
group:audit:rwx- #effective:rw--
group:system:-w--

The first two lines are comments displayed by the mmgetacl command, showing the owner and owning
group. All entries containing permissions that are not allowed (because they are not set in the mask
entry) display with a comment showing their effective permissions.

See the “mmgetacl Command” on page 213 for complete usage information.

Applying an existing traditional GPFS access control list

To apply the same traditional ACLs from one file or directory to another:
1. Issue the mmgetacl command with the -o option to place the information in an output file.
2. Apply the ACLs to the new file or directory by issuing the mmputacl command with the -i option.

For example, use the -o option to specify a file to which the ACL is written:
mmgetacl -o old.acl project2.history

Then, to assign the same permissions to another file, project.notes, enter:

mmputacl -i old.acl project.notes

Chapter 6. Managing GPFS access control lists and NFS export 53

To confirm the changes, enter:
mmgetacl project.notes

The information sent to standard output is similar to:

#owner:guest
#group:usr
user::rwxc
group::rwx- #effective:rw--
other::--x-
mask::rw-c
user:alpha:rwxc #effective:rw-c
group:audit:rwx- #effective:rw--
group:system:-w--

See the “mmgetacl Command” on page 213 and the “mmputacl Command” on page 269 for complete
usage information.

Changing traditional GPFS access control lists

Use the mmeditacl command to change or create the traditional ACL of a file or directory, or the default
ACL of a directory. For example, to interactively edit the ACL for the file project2.history, enter:
mmeditacl project2.history

The current ACL entries are displayed using the default editor, provided that the EDITOR environment
variable specifies a complete path name. When the file is saved, the system displays information similar
to:
mmeditacl: 6027-967 Should the modified ACL be applied? (yes) or (no)

After responding yes, the ACLs are applied.

See the “mmeditacl Command” on page 196 for complete usage information.

Deleting traditional GPFS access control lists

Use the mmdelacl command to delete the extended entries in a traditional ACL of a file or directory, or
the default ACL of a directory. For example, to delete the ACL for the directory project2, enter:
mmdelacl project2

To confirm the deletion, enter:

mmgetacl project2

The system displays information similar to:

#owner:uno
#group:system
user::rwxc
group::r-x-
other::--x-

You cannot delete the base permissions. These remain in effect after this command is executed.

See the “mmdelacl Command” on page 170 and the “mmgetacl Command” on page 213 for complete
usage information.

NFS V4 ACL administration

AIX does not allow a file system to be NFS V4 exported unless it supports NFS V4 ACLs.

54 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Normally, GPFS has POSIX ACLs so the file system must first be changed to allow NFS V4 ACLs (either
exclusively using the -k nfs4 flag, or along with POSIX, using the -k all flag).

Depending on the value (posix | nfs4 | all) of the -k parameter, one or both ACL types can be allowed
for a given file system. Since ACLs are assigned on a per-file basis, this means that within the same file
system one file may have an NFS V4 ACL, while another has a POSIX ACL. The type of ACL can be
changed by using the mmputacl or mmeditacl command to assign a new ACL or by the mmdelacl
command (causing the permissions to revert to the mode which is in effect a POSIX ACL). At any point
in time, only a single ACL can be associated with a file. Access evaluation is done as required by the ACL
type associated with the file.

NFS V4 ACLs are represented in a completely different format than traditional ACLs. For detailed
information on NFS V4 and its ACLs, refer to the paper, NFS Version 4 Protocol and other information
found at: NFSv4 (http://www.nfsv4.org/).

In the case of NFS V4 ACLs, there is no concept of a default ACL. Instead, there is a single ACL and the
individual ACL entries can be flagged as being inherited (either by files, directories, both, or neither).
Consequently, specifying the -d flag on the mmputacl command for an NFS V4 ACL is an error.

NFS V4 ACL Syntax

An NFS V4 ACL consists of a list of ACL entries. Where traditional ACLs can display one entry per line,
the GPFS representation of NFS V4 ACL entries are three lines each, due to the increased number of
available permissions beyond the traditional rwxc.

The first line has several parts separated by colons (':').

v The first part identifies the user or group.
v The second part displays a rwxc translation of the permissions that appear on the subsequent two
lines.
v The third part is the ACL type. NFS V4 provides both an allow and deny type.
allow Means to allow (or permit) those permissions that have been selected with an 'X'.
deny Means to not allow (or deny) those permissions that have been selected with an 'X'.
v The fourth and final part is a list of flags indicating inheritance.
Valid flag values are:
DirInherit
Indicates that the ACL entry should be included in the initial ACL for subdirectories created in
this directory (as well as the current directory).
FileInherit
Indicates that the ACL entry should be included in the initial ACL for files created in this
directory.
| Inherited
| Indicates that the current ACL entry was derived from inherit entries in an NFS v4 ACL of the
| parent directory.
InheritOnly
Indicates that the current ACL entry should NOT apply to the directory, but SHOULD be
included in the initial ACL for objects created in this directory.

As in traditional ACLs, users and groups are identified by specifying the type and name. For example,
group:staff or user:bin. NFS V4 provides for a set of special names that are not associated with a specific
local UID or GID. These special names are identified with the keyword special followed by the NFS V4

Chapter 6. Managing GPFS access control lists and NFS export 55

name. These names are recognized by the fact that they end with the character '@'. For example,
special:owner@ refers to the owner of the file, special:group@ the owning group, and special:everyone@
applies to all users.

The next two lines provide a list of the available access permissions that may be allowed or denied, based
on the ACL type specified on the first line. A permission is selected using an 'X'. Permissions that are not
specified by the entry should be left marked with '-' (minus sign).

These are examples of NFS V4 ACLs.

1. An ACL entry that explicitly allows READ, EXECUTE and READ_ATTR to the staff group on a file
is similar to this:
group:staff:r-x-:allow
(X)READ/LIST (-)WRITE/CREATE (-)MKDIR (-)SYNCHRONIZE (-)READ_ACL (X)READ_ATTR (-)READ_NAMED
(-)DELETE (-)DELETE_CHILD (-)CHOWN (X)EXEC/SEARCH (-)WRITE_ACL (-)WRITE_ATTR (-)WRITE_NAMED
2. A Directory ACL is similar to this. It may include inherit ACL entries that do not apply to the
directory itself, but instead become the initial ACL for any objects created within the directory.
special:group@:----:deny:DirInherit:InheritOnly
(X)READ/LIST (-)WRITE/CREATE (-)MKDIR (-)SYNCHRONIZE (-)READ_ACL (X)READ_ATTR (-)READ_NAMED
(-)DELETE (-)DELETE_CHILD (-)CHOWN (X)EXEC/SEARCH (-)WRITE_ACL (-)WRITE_ATTR (-)WRITE_NAMED
3. A complete NFS V4 ACL is similar to this:
#NFSv4 ACL
#owner:smithj
#group:staff
special:owner@:rwxc:allow:FileInherit
(X)READ/LIST (X)WRITE/CREATE (X)MKDIR (-)SYNCHRONIZE (X)READ_ACL (X)READ_ATTR (-)READ_NAMED
(X)DELETE (X)DELETE_CHILD (X)CHOWN (X)EXEC/SEARCH (X)WRITE_ACL (X)WRITE_ATTR (-)WRITE_NAMED

special:owner@:rwxc:allow:DirInherit:InheritOnly
(X)READ/LIST (X)WRITE/CREATE (X)MKDIR (-)SYNCHRONIZE (X)READ_ACL (X)READ_ATTR (-)READ_NAMED
(X)DELETE (X)DELETE_CHILD (X)CHOWN (X)EXEC/SEARCH (X)WRITE_ACL (-)WRITE_ATTR (-)WRITE_NAMED

user:smithj:rwxc:allow
(X)READ/LIST (X)WRITE/CREATE (X)MKDIR (-)SYNCHRONIZE (X)READ_ACL (X)READ_ATTR (-)READ_NAMED
(X)DELETE (X)DELETE_CHILD (X)CHOWN (X)EXEC/SEARCH (X)WRITE_ACL (-)WRITE_ATTR (-)WRITE_NAMED

ACL entries DELETE and DELETE_CHILD

The ACL entries DELETE and DELETE_CHILD require special considerations. The effect of various
combinations of the DELETE attribute for a file, and the DELETE_CHILD attribute for its parent
directory, is given in Table 6.

In this table, the columns refer to the ACL entry for a given file, and the rows refer to the ACL entry for
its parent directory. The various combinations of these attributes produce one of these results:
Permit
Indicates that GPFS permits removal of a file with the combination of file and parent directory
ACL entries specified.
Deny Indicates that GPFS denies (does not permit) removal of a file with the combination of file and
parent directory ACL entries specified.

Removal of a file includes renaming the file, moving the file from one directory to another even if the file
name remains the same, and deleting it.
Table 6. Removal of a file with ACL entries DELETE and DELETE_CHILD
ACL Allows ACL Denies DELETE not UNIX mode bits
DELETE DELETE specified only
ACL Allows DELETE_CHILD Permit Permit Permit Permit
ACL Denies DELETE_CHILD Permit Deny Deny Deny

56 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Table 6. Removal of a file with ACL entries DELETE and DELETE_CHILD (continued)
ACL Allows ACL Denies DELETE not UNIX mode bits
DELETE DELETE specified only
DELETE_CHILD not specified Permit Deny Deny Deny
UNIX mode bits only - wx Permit Permit Permit Permit
permissions allowed
UNIX mode bits only - no w or no Permit Deny Deny Deny
x permissions allowed

The UNIX mode bits are used in cases where the ACL is not an NFS V4 ACL.

NFS V4 ACL translation

NFS V4 access requires that an NFS V4 ACL be returned to clients whenever the ACL is read. This means
that if a traditional GPFS ACL is associated with the file, a translation to NFS V4 ACL format must be
performed when the ACL is read by an NFS V4 client. Since this translation has to be done, an option (-k
nfs4) is provided on the mmgetacl and mmeditacl commands, so that this translation can be seen locally
as well.

It can also be the case that NFS V4 ACLs have been set for some file system objects (directories and
individual files) prior to administrator action to revert back to a POSIX-only configuration. Since the NFS
V4 access evaluation will no longer be performed, it is desirable for the mmgetacl command to return an
ACL representative of the evaluation that will now occur (translating NFS V4 ACLs into traditional
POSIX style). The -k posix option returns the result of this translation.

Users may need to see ACLs in their true form as well as how they are translated for access evaluations.
There are four cases:
1. By default, the mmgetacl command returns the ACL in a format consistent with the file system
setting:
v If posix only, it is shown as a traditional ACL.
v If nfs4 only, it is shown as an NFS V4 ACL.
v If all formats are supported, the ACL is returned in its true form.
2. The command mmgetacl -k nfs4 always produces an NFS V4 ACL.
3. The command mmgetacl -k posix always produces a traditional ACL.
4. The command mmgetacl -k native always shows the ACL in its true form, regardless of the file
system setting.

In general, users should continue to use the mmgetacl and mmeditacl commands without the -k flag,
allowing the ACL to be presented in a form appropriate for the file system setting. Since the NFS V4
ACLs are more complicated and therefore harder to construct initially, users that want to assign an NFS
V4 ACL should use the command mmeditacl -k nfs4 to start with a translation of the current ACL, and
then make any necessary modifications to the NFS V4 ACL that is returned.

Setting NFS V4 access control lists

There is no option on the mmputacl command to identify the type (traditional or NFS V4) of ACL that is
to be assigned to a file. Instead, the ACL is assumed to be in the traditional format unless the first line of
the ACL is:
#NFSv4 ACL

The lines that follow the first one are then processed according to the rules of the expected ACL type.

Chapter 6. Managing GPFS access control lists and NFS export 57

An NFS V4 ACL is similar to this:
#NFSv4 ACL
#owner:root
#group:system
special:owner@:rwxc:allow
(X)READ/LIST (X)WRITE/CREATE (-)MKDIR (X)SYNCHRONIZE (X)READ_ACL (-)READ_ATTR (-)READ_NAMED
(X)DELETE (-)DELETE_CHILD (-)CHOWN (X)EXEC/SEARCH (X)WRITE_ACL (X)WRITE_ATTR (-)WRITE_NAMED

special:owner@:----:deny
(-)READ/LIST (-)WRITE/CREATE (-)MKDIR (-)SYNCHRONIZE (-)READ_ACL (-)READ_ATTR (X)READ_NAMED
(-)DELETE (X)DELETE_CHILD (X)CHOWN (-)EXEC/SEARCH (-)WRITE_ACL (-)WRITE_ATTR (X)WRITE_NAMED

user:guest:r-xc:allow
(X)READ/LIST (-)WRITE/CREATE (-)MKDIR (X)SYNCHRONIZE (X)READ_ACL (-)READ_ATTR (-)READ_NAMED
(X)DELETE (-)DELETE_CHILD (-)CHOWN (X)EXEC/SEARCH (X)WRITE_ACL (-)WRITE_ATTR (-)WRITE_NAMED

user:guest:----:deny
(-)READ/LIST (-)WRITE/CREATE (-)MKDIR (-)SYNCHRONIZE (-)READ_ACL (-)READ_ATTR (X)READ_NAMED
(-)DELETE (X)DELETE_CHILD (X)CHOWN (-)EXEC/SEARCH (-)WRITE_ACL (X)WRITE_ATTR (X)WRITE_NAMED

This ACL shows four ACL entries (an allow and deny entry for each of owner@ and guest).

In general, constructing NFS V4 ACLs is more complicated than traditional ACLs. Users new to NFS V4
ACLs may find it useful to start with a traditional ACL and allow either mmgetacl or mmeditacl to
provide the NFS V4 translation, using the -k nfs4 flag as a starting point when creating an ACL for a
new file.

Displaying NFS V4 access control lists

The mmgetacl command displays an existing ACL regardless of its type (traditional or NFS V4). The
format of the ACL that is returned depends on the file system setting (-k flag), as well as the format of
the actual ACL associated with the file. For details, see “NFS V4 ACL translation” on page 57.

Applying an existing NFS V4 access control list

This function is identical, whether using traditional or NFS V4 ACLs. See “Applying an existing
traditional GPFS access control list” on page 53.

Changing NFS V4 access control lists

This function is identical, whether using traditional or NFS V4 ACLs. See “Changing traditional GPFS
access control lists” on page 54.

Deleting NFS V4 access control lists

Use the mmdelacl command to delete NFS V4 ACLs. Once the ACL has been deleted, permissions revert
to the mode bits. If the mmgetacl command is then used to display the ACL (mmgetacl -k native), it
appears as a traditional GPFS ACL.

When assigning an ACL to a file that already has an NFS V4 ACL, there are some NFS rules that must be
followed. Specifically, in the case of a directory, there will not be two separate (access and default) ACLs,
as there are with traditional ACLs. NFS V4 requires a single ACL entity and allows individual ACL
entries to be flagged if they are to be inherited. Consequently, mmputacl -d is not allowed if the existing
ACL was the NFS V4 type, since this attempts to change only the default ACL. Likewise mmputacl
(without the -d flag) is not allowed because it attempts to change only the access ACL, leaving the

58 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

default unchanged. To change such an ACL, use the mmeditacl command to change the entire ACL as a
unit. Alternatively, use the mmdelacl command to remove an NFS V4 ACL, followed by the mmputacl
command.

Considerations when using GPFS with NFS V4 ACLs

There are several constraints that you need to consider when using GPFS with NFS V4 ACLs. For a
complete description of these restrictions, see “GPFS exceptions and limitations to NFS V4 ACLs” on
page 468.

NFS and GPFS

GPFS file systems may be exported using the Network File System (NFS) protocol from one or more
nodes. After export, normal access to the file system can proceed from GPFS cluster nodes or NFS client
nodes.

Note: GPFS on Windows does not provide NFS integration.

Considerations for the interoperability of a GPFS file system include:

v “Exporting a GPFS file system using NFS”
v “NFS usage of GPFS cache” on page 61
v “Synchronous writing using NFS” on page 61
v “Unmounting a file system after NFS export” on page 61
| v “NFS automount considerations” on page 62
v “Clustered NFS and GPFS on Linux” on page 62

Exporting a GPFS file system using NFS

To export a GPFS file system:
1. Create and mount the GPFS file system. In the examples, we assume a file system with a local mount
point of /gpfs.
For performance reasons, some NFS implementations cache file information on the client. Some of the
information (for example, file state information such as file size and timestamp) is not kept up-to-date
in this cache. The client may view stale inode data (on ls -l, for example) if exporting a GPFS file
system with NFS.
If this is not acceptable for a given installation, caching can be turned off by mounting the file system
on the client using the appropriate operating system mount option (for example, -o noac on Linux
NFS clients). Turning off NFS caching results in extra file systems operations to GPFS, and negatively
affect its performance.
2. Make sure that the clocks of all nodes in the GPFS cluster are synchronized. If this is not done, NFS
access to the data, as well as other GPFS file system operations, may be disrupted.
NFS relies on metadata timestamps to validate the local operating system cache. If the same directory
is either NFS-exported from more than one node, or is accessed with both the NFS and GPFS mount
point, it is critical that clocks on all nodes that access the file system (GPFS nodes and NFS clients) are
constantly synchronized using appropriate software (for example, NTP). Failure to do so may result in
stale information seen on the NFS clients.
3. Ensure that NFS is properly configured and running.
For Linux nodes, information on configuring NFS can be obtained at www.linuxdoc.org.
For AIX nodes, information on configuring NFS can be obtained at publib.boulder.ibm.com/
infocenter/pseries/index.jsp.
4. Edit the /etc/exports file. Include all of the file systems to be exported. For example, to export the
directory /gpfs/dir1 to the cluster1 node, enter:

Chapter 6. Managing GPFS access control lists and NFS export 59

/gpfs/dir1 rw,access=cluster1

Export considerations
Keep these points in mind when exporting a GPFS file system to NFS. The operating system being used
and the version of NFS might require special handling or consideration.

Linux export considerations: For Linux nodes only, issue the exportfs -ra command to initiate a reread
of the /etc/exports file.

Starting with Linux kernel version 2.6, an fsid value must be specified for each GPFS file system that is
exported on NFS. For example, the format of the entry in /etc/exports for the GPFS directory /gpfs/dir1
might look like this:
/gpfs/dir1 cluster1(rw,fsid=745)

The administrator must assign fsid values subject to the following conditions:
1. The values must be unique for each file system.
2. The values must not change after reboots. The file system should be unexported before any change is
made to an already assigned fsid.
3. Entries in the /etc/exports file are not necessarily file system roots. You can export multiple directories
within a file system. In the case of different directories of the same file system, the fsids must be
different. For example, in the GPFS file system /gpfs, if two directories are exported (dir1 and dir2),
the entries might look like this:
/gpfs/dir1 cluster1(rw,fsid=745)
/gpfs/dir2 cluster1(rw,fsid=746)
4. If a GPFS file system is exported from multiple nodes, the fsids should be the same on all nodes.

Large installations with hundreds of compute nodes and a few login nodes or NFS-exporting nodes
require tuning of the GPFS parameters maxFilesToCache and maxStatCache with the mmchconfig
command. The general suggestion is for the compute nodes to set maxFilesToCache to about 200. The
login or NFS nodes should set this parameter much higher, with maxFilesToCache set to 1000 and
maxStatCache set to 50000.

This tuning is required for the GPFS token manager (file locking), which can handle approximately
1,000,000 files in memory. The default value of maxFilesToCache is 1000 and the default value of
maxStatCache is 4 * maxFilesToCache, so that by default, each node holds 5000 tokens. The token
manager keeps track of a total number of tokens, which equals 5000 * number of nodes. This will exceed
the memory limit of the token manager on large configurations.

If you are running at SLES 9 SP 1, the kernel defines the sysctl variable fs.nfs.use_underlying_lock_ops,
which determines whether the NFS lockd is to consult the file system when granting advisory byte-range
locks. For distributed file systems like GPFS, this must be set to true (the default is false).

You can query the current setting by issuing the command:

sysctl fs.nfs.use_underlying_lock_ops

Alternatively, the fs.nfs.use_underlying_lock_ops = 1 record can be added to /etc/sysctl.conf. This record

must be applied after initially booting the node, and after each reboot, by issuing the command:
sysctl -p

Because the fs.nfs.use_underlying_lock_ops variable is currently not available in SLES 9 SP 2 or later,

when NFS-exporting a GPFS file system, ensure that your NFS server nodes are at the SP 1 level (unless
this variable is made available in later service packs).

For additional considerations when NFS exporting your GPFS file system, refer to "File system creation
considerations" in GPFS: Concepts, Planning, and Installation Guide.

60 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

AIX export considerations: AIX does not allow a file system to be exported by NFS V4 unless it
supports NFS V4 ACLs.

NFS export considerations for versions prior to NFS V4: For NFS exported file systems, the version of
NFS you are running with may have an impact on the number of inodes you need to cache, as set by
both the maxStatCache and maxFilesToCache parameters on the mmchconfig command. The
implementation of the ls command differs from NFS V2 to NFS V3. The performance of the ls command
in NFS V3 in part depends on the caching ability of the underlying file system. Setting the cache large
enough will prevent rereading inodes to complete an ls command, but will put more of a CPU load on
the token manager.

Also, the clocks of all nodes in your GPFS cluster must be synchronized. If this is not done, NFS access to
the data, as well as other GPFS file system operations, may be disrupted.

NFS V4 export considerations: For information on NFS V4, see the paper, NFS Version 4 Protocol and
other information found at: NFSv4 General Information and References for the NFSv4 protocol
(www.nfsv4.org).

To export a GPFS file system using NFS V4, there are two file system settings that must be in effect.
These attributes can be queried using the mmlsfs command, and set using the mmcrfs and mmchfs
commands.
1. The -D nfs4 flag is required. Conventional NFS access would not be blocked by concurrent file system
reads or writes (this is the POSIX semantic). NFS V4 however, not only allows for its requests to block
if conflicting activity is happening, it insists on it. Since this is an NFS V4 specific requirement, it
must be set before exporting a file system.
flag value description
---- -------------- -----------------------------------------------------
-D nfs4 File locking semantics in effect
2. The -k nfs4 or -k all flag is required. Initially, a file system has the -k posix setting, and only
traditional GPFS ACLs are allowed. To export a file system using NFS V4, NFS V4 ACLs must be
enabled. Since NFS V4 ACLs are vastly different and affect several characteristics of the file system
objects (directories and individual files), they must be explicitly enabled. This is done either
exclusively, by specifying -k nfs4, or by allowing all ACL types to be stored.
flag value description
---- -------------- -----------------------------------------------------
-k all ACL semantics in effect

NFS usage of GPFS cache

Exporting a GPFS file system from a node may result in significant additional demands on the resources
at that node. Depending on the number of NFS clients, their demands, and specific mount options, you
may want to increase either one or both of the maxFilesToCache and pagepool configuration options. See
the mmchconfig command.

You may also choose to restrict the use of the NFS server node through the normal GPFS path and not
use it as either a file system manager node or an NSD server.

Synchronous writing using NFS

With Linux,write operations are usually asynchronous. If synchronous writes are required over NFS, edit
the /etc/exports file to include sync,no_wdelay.

Unmounting a file system after NFS export

Because NFS use of a GPFS file system may result in a file being held, attempting to unmount a GPFS
file system may return a 'Device is busy' error. If this occurs, stop the NFS daemons before attempting to
unmount the file system at the NFS server. On Linux, issue this command:

Chapter 6. Managing GPFS access control lists and NFS export 61

/etc/rc.d/init.d/nfs stop

On AIX, issue this command:

stopsrc -g nfs

NFS can be restarted after the unmount completes. On Linux, issue this command:
/etc/rc.d/init.d/nfs start

On AIX, issue this command:

startsrc -g nfs

| NFS automount considerations

The default file system type when using the automounter daemon is NFS. When the -fstype option is not
specified, and the server is the local node, a soft-mount of the local directory is done at the desired
mount point. JFS is assumed as the only handler of local directories. A GPFS file system local soft-mount
does not work implicitly, since the mount request is passed to JFS which then produces an error. When
specifying -fstype mmfs the local soft-mount works because the mount is then passed to GPFS instead of
JFS.

A GPFS soft-mount does not automatically unmount. Setting -fstype nfs3 causes the local server mounts
to always go through NFS. This allows you to have the same auto.map file on all nodes whether the
server is local or not, and the automatic unmount will occur. If you want local soft-mounts of GPFS file
systems while other nodes perform NFS mounts, you should have different auto.map files on the
different classes of nodes. This should improve performance on the GPFS nodes as they will not have to
go through NFS.

Clustered NFS and GPFS on Linux

In addition to the traditional exporting of GPFS file systems using NFS, GPFS allows you to configure a
subset of the nodes in the cluster to provide a highly available solution for exporting GPFS file systems
via NFS.

The participating nodes are designated as Cluster NFS (CNFS) member nodes and the entire setup is
frequently referred to as CNFS or CNFS cluster.

In this solution, all CNFS nodes export the same file systems to the NFS clients. When one of the CNFS
nodes fails, the NFS serving load moves from the failing node to another node in the CNFS cluster.
Failover is done using recovery groups to help choose the preferred node for takeover.

For more information about CNFS, see General Parallel File System: Advanced Administration Guide.

62 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Chapter 7. Communicating file access patterns to GPFS
GPFS attempts to recognize the pattern of accesses that an application makes to an open file, and
optimizes its behavior accordingly.

For example, GPFS can recognize sequential reads and therefore prefetch blocks in advance of when they
are required by the application. However, in many cases GPFS does not recognize the access pattern of
the application, or cannot optimize its data transfers. In these situations, performance may improve if the
application explicitly discloses aspects of its access pattern to GPFS using the gpfs_fcntl() subroutine.
These subroutines are exploited by MPI Version 2.0.

The gpfs_fcntl() subroutine allows application programs to pass two classes of file access information
giving GPFS an opportunity to improve throughput and latency of file system requests:
1. Hints
2. Directives

Hints allow an application to disclose its future accesses to GPFS. Hints are always optional. Adding or
removing hints from a program, even incorrectly specified hints, will never alter the meaning of a
program. Hints can only affect the performance of an application. The hints that may be passed to GPFS
are:
1. gpfsAccessRange_t
2. gpfsClearFileCache_t
3. gpfsFreeRange_t
4. gpfsMultipleAccessRange_t

Note: GPFS is free to silently ignore a hint if system resources do not permit the hint to be processed.

In contrast, directives are stronger than hints. They may affect program semantics and must be either
carried out by GPFS or return an error. The directives which may be passed to GPFS are:
1. gpfsCancelHints_t
2. gpfsDataShipMap_t
3. gpfsDataShipStart_t
4. gpfsDataShipStop_t

To communicate hints and directives to GPFS, an application program builds a data structure in memory,
then passes it to GPFS. This data structure consists of:
v A fixed length header, mapped by gpfsFcntlHeader_t.
v Followed by a variable number of, and any combination of, hints and directives.
Hints and directives may be mixed within a single gpfs_fcntl() subroutine, and are performed in the
order that they appear. A subsequent hint or directive may cancel out a preceding one.

The header and hints and directives that follow it are defined as C structures.

The gpfs_fcntl() subroutine takes the handle of the opened file as its first parameter and the address of
the data structure as its second parameter. For complete definitions of the gpfs_fcntl() subroutine, the
header, hints, directives, and other operations, see “gpfs_fcntl() Subroutine” on page 330.

© Copyright IBM Corporation © IBM 1998, 2010 63

64 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference
Chapter 8. GPFS commands
A list of all the GPFS commands and a short description of each is presented in this topic.

Table 7 summarizes the GPFS-specific commands.

Table 7. GPFS commands
Command Purpose
“mmaddcallback Command” on page 68 Registers a user-defined command into the GPFS system.
“mmadddisk Command” on page 73 Adds disks to a GPFS file system.
“mmaddnode Command” on page 77 Adds nodes to a GPFS cluster.
“mmapplypolicy Command” on page 80 Deletes files or migrates file data between storage pools
within a single file system in accordance with policy rules.
“mmauth Command” on page 88 Manages secure access to GPFS file systems.
“mmbackupconfig Command” on page 94 Collects GPFS file system configuration information.
“mmbackup Command” on page 92 Performs a backup of a GPFS file system or directory to a
backup Tivoli Storage Manager (TSM) server.
“mmchattr Command” on page 96 Changes attributes of one or more GPFS files.
“mmchcluster Command” on page 99 Changes GPFS cluster configuration data.
“mmchconfig Command” on page 102 Changes GPFS configuration parameters.
“mmchdisk Command” on page 112 Changes state or parameters of one or more disks in a GPFS
file system.
“mmcheckquota Command” on page 116 Checks file system user, group, and fileset quotas.
“mmchfileset Command” on page 119 Changes the attributes of a GPFS fileset.
“mmchfs Command” on page 121 Changes the attributes of a GPFS file system.
“mmchlicense Command” on page 126 Controls the type of GPFS license associated with the nodes
in the cluster.
“mmchmgr Command” on page 128 Assigns a file system manager or cluster manager.
“mmchnode Command” on page 130 Changes node attributes.
“mmchnsd Command” on page 134 Changes NSD configuration parameters.
“mmchpolicy Command” on page 136 Establishes policy rules for a GPFS file system.
“mmcrcluster Command” on page 138 Creates a GPFS cluster from a set of nodes.
“mmcrfileset Command” on page 142 Creates a GPFS fileset.
“mmcrfs Command” on page 144 Creates a GPFS file system.
“mmcrnsd Command” on page 151 Creates cluster-wide names for NSDs used by GPFS.
| “mmcrsnapshot Command” on page 156 Creates a snapshot of an entire GPFS file system at a single
| point in time.
| “mmdefedquota Command” on page 159 Sets default quota limits for a file system.
“mmdefquotaoff Command” on page 162 Deactivates default quota limit usage for a file system.
“mmdefquotaon Command” on page 164 Activates default quota limit usage for a file system.
“mmdefragfs Command” on page 167 Reduces disk fragmentation by increasing the number of
full free blocks available to the file system.
“mmdelacl Command” on page 170 Deletes a GPFS access control list.

© Copyright IBM Corporation © IBM 1998, 2010 65

Table 7. GPFS commands (continued)
Command Purpose
“mmdelcallback Command” on page 172 Deletes one or more user-defined callbacks from the GPFS
system.
“mmdeldisk Command” on page 173 Deletes disks from a GPFS file system.
“mmdelfileset Command” on page 177 Deletes a GPFS fileset.
“mmdelfs Command” on page 180 Removes a GPFS file system.
“mmdelnode Command” on page 182 Removes one or more nodes from a GPFS cluster.
“mmdelnsd Command” on page 185 Deletes NSDs from the GPFS cluster.
“mmdelsnapshot Command” on page 187 Deletes a GPFS snapshot.
“mmdf Command” on page 189 Queries available file space on a GPFS file system.
| “mmdiag Command” on page 192 Displays diagnostic information about the internal GPFS
state on the current node.
“mmeditacl Command” on page 196 Creates or changes a GPFS access control list.
“mmedquota Command” on page 199 Sets quota limits.
“mmexportfs Command” on page 202 Exports a file system from the cluster.
“mmfsck Command” on page 204 Checks and repairs a GPFS file system.
“mmfsctl Command” on page 209 Issues a file system control request.
“mmgetacl Command” on page 213 Displays the GPFS access control list of a file or directory.
“mmgetstate Command” on page 216 Displays the state of the GPFS daemon on one or more
nodes.
“mmimportfs Command” on page 219 Imports a file system into the cluster.
“mmlinkfileset Command” on page 222 Creates a junction that references the root directory of a
GPFS fileset.
“mmlsattr Command” on page 224 Queries file attributes.
“mmlscallback Command” on page 226 Lists callbacks that are currently registered in the GPFS
system.
“mmlscluster Command” on page 228 Displays the current configuration data for a GPFS cluster.
“mmlsconfig Command” on page 230 Displays the configuration data for a GPFS cluster.
“mmlsdisk Command” on page 232 Displays the current configuration and state of disks in a
file system.
“mmlsfileset Command” on page 235 Displays status and attributes of GPFS filesets.
“mmlsfs Command” on page 238 Displays file system attributes.
“mmlslicense Command” on page 242 Displays information about the GPFS node licensing
designation.
“mmlsmgr Command” on page 244 Displays which node is the file system manager for the
specified file systems or which node is the cluster manager.
“mmlsmount Command” on page 246 Lists the nodes that have a given GPFS file system
mounted.
“mmlsnsd Command” on page 248 Displays NSD information for the GPFS cluster.
“mmlspolicy Command” on page 251 Displays policy information.
“mmlsquota Command” on page 253 Displays quota information for a user, group, or fileset.
“mmlssnapshot Command” on page 256 Displays GPFS snapshot information for the specified file
system.
| “mmmigratefs Command” on page 258 Used for file system migration.

66 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Table 7. GPFS commands (continued)
Command Purpose
“mmmount Command” on page 260 Mounts GPFS file systems on one or more nodes in the
cluster.
“mmnsddiscover Command” on page 262 Rediscovers paths to the specified network shared disks.
“mmpmon Command” on page 264 Monitors GPFS performance on a per-node basis.
“mmputacl Command” on page 269 Sets the GPFS access control list for the specified file or
directory.
“mmquotaoff Command” on page 272 Deactivates quota limit checking.
“mmquotaon Command” on page 274 Activates quota limit checking.
“mmrestoreconfig Command” on page 285 Restores file system configuration information.
“mmremotecluster Command” on page 276 Manages information about remote clusters.
“mmremotefs Command” on page 279 Manages the information needed for mounting remote GPFS
file systems.
“mmrepquota Command” on page 282 Displays file system user, group, and fileset quotas.
“mmrestorefs Command” on page 289 Restores a file system from a GPFS snapshot.
“mmrestripefile Command” on page 292 Rebalances or restores the replication factor of the specified
files.
“mmrestripefs Command” on page 295 Rebalances or restores the replication factor of all files in a
file system.
“mmrpldisk Command” on page 298 Replaces the specified disk.
“mmshutdown Command” on page 302 Unmounts all GPFS file systems and stops GPFS on one or
more nodes.
“mmsnapdir Command” on page 304 Creates and deletes invisible directories that connect to the
snapshots of a GPFS file system, and changes the name of
the snapshots subdirectory.
“mmstartup Command” on page 307 Starts the GPFS subsystem on one or more nodes.
“mmtracectl Command” on page 309 Sets up and enables GPFS tracing.
“mmumount Command” on page 312 Unmounts GPFS file systems on one or more nodes in the
cluster.
“mmunlinkfileset Command” on page 315 Removes the junction to a GPFS fileset.
“mmwinservctl Command” on page 318 Manages the mmwinserv Windows service.

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 67

mmaddcallback Command
Registers a user-defined command that GPFS will execute when certain events occur.

Synopsis

mmaddcallback CallbackIdentifier --command CommandPathname --event Event[,Event...] [--priority Value]

[--async | --sync [--timeout Seconds] [--onerror Action]] [-N {Node[,Node...] | NodeFile | NodeClass}]
| [--parms ParameterString ...]

Or,

mmaddcallback {-S Filename | --spec-file Filename}

Description

Use the mmaddcallback command to register a user-defined command that GPFS will execute when
certain events occur.

Parameters
CallbackIdentifier
Specifies a user-defined unique name that identifies the callback. It can be up to 255 characters
long. It cannot contain special characters (for example, a colon, semicolon, blank, tab, or comma)
and it cannot start with the letters gpfs or mm (which are reserved for GPFS internally defined
callbacks).
--command CommandPathname
| Specifies the full path name of the executable to run when the desired event occurs.
| The executable that will be called by the mmaddcallback facility should be installed on all nodes
| on which the callback can be triggered. Place the executable in a local file system (not in a GPFS
| file system) so that it is accessible even when the networks fail.
--event Event[,Event...]
Specifies a list of events that trigger the callback. The value defines when the callback will be
invoked. There are two kinds of events: global events and local events. A global event is an event
that will trigger a callback on all nodes in the cluster, such as a nodeLeave event, which informs
all nodes in the cluster that a node has failed. A local event is an event that will trigger a callback
only on the node on which the event occurred, such as mounting a file system on one of the
nodes. The following is a list of supported global and local events.
Global events include:
nodeJoin
Triggered when one or more nodes join the cluster.
nodeLeave
Triggered when one or more nodes leave the cluster.
quorumReached
Triggered when a quorum has been established in the GPFS cluster.
quorumLoss
Triggered when a quorum has been lost in the GPFS cluster.
quorumNodeJoin
Triggered when one or more quorum nodes join the cluster.
quorumNodeLeave
Triggered when one or more quorum nodes leave the cluster.

68 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

clusterManagerTakeover
Triggered when a new cluster manager node has been elected. This happens when a
cluster first starts up or when the current cluster manager fails or resigns and a new node
takes over as cluster manager.
Local events include:
lowDiskSpace
Triggered when the file system manager detects that disk space is running below the low
threshold that is specified in the current policy rule.
noDiskSpace
Triggered when the file system manager detects that a disk ran out of space.
softQuotaExceeded
Triggered when the file system manager detects that a user or fileset quota has been
exceeded.
preMount, preUnmount, mount, unmount
Specifies that these events will be triggered when a file system is about to be mounted or
unmounted or has been mounted or unmounted successfully. These events will be
generated for explicit mount or unmount commands, a remount after GPFS recovery and
a forced unmount when GPFS panics and shuts down.
preStartup
Triggered after the GPFS daemon completes its internal initialization and joins the cluster,
but before the node runs recovery for any VFS mount points that were already mounted,
and before the node starts accepting user initiated sessions.
startup
Triggered after a successful GPFS startup and when the node is ready for user initiated
sessions.
preShutdown
Triggered when GPFS detects a failure and is about to shutdown.
shutdown
Triggered when GPFS completed the shutdown.
--priority Value
Specifies a floating point number that controls the order in which callbacks for a given event will
be run. Callbacks with a smaller numerical value will be run before callbacks with a larger
numerical value. Callbacks that do not have an assigned priority will be run last. If two callbacks
have the same priority, the order in which they will be run is undetermined.
--async | --sync [--timeout Seconds] [--onerror Action]
Specifies whether GPFS will wait for the user program to complete and for how long it will wait.
The default is --async (GPFS invokes the command asynchronously). Action specifies the action
GPFS will take if the callback command returns a nonzero error code. Action can either be
shutdown or continue. The default is continue.
-N {Node[,Node...] | NodeFile | NodeClass}
Allows restricting the set of nodes on which the callback will be invoked. For global events, the
callback will only be invoked on the specified set of nodes. For local events, the callback will only
be invoked if the node on which the event occurred is one of the nodes specified by the -N
option. The default is -N all.
For general information on how to specify node names, see “Specifying nodes as input to GPFS
commands” on page 3.
This command does not support a NodeClass of mount.

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 69

| --parms ParameterString ...
Specifies parameters to be passed to the executable specified with the --command parameter.
--parms can be specified multiple times.
When the callback is invoked, the combined parameter string is tokenized on white-space
boundaries. Constructs of the form %name and %name.qualifier are assumed to be GPFS variables
and are replaced with their appropriate values at the time of the event. If a variable does not
have a value in the context of a particular event, the string UNDEFINED is returned instead.
GPFS recognizes the following variables:
%blockLimit
Specifies the current hard quota limit in KB.
%blockQuota
Specifies the current soft quota limit in KB.
%blockUsage
Specifies the current usage in KB for quota-related events.
%clusterManager[.qualifier]
Specifies the current cluster manager node.
%clusterName
Specifies the name of the cluster where this callback was triggered.
%downNodes[.qualifier]
Specifies a comma-separated list of nodes that are currently down.
%eventName[.qualifier]
Specifies the name of the event that triggered this callback.
%eventNode[.qualifier]
Specifies a node or comma-separated list of nodes on which this callback is triggered.
%filesLimit
Specifies the current hard quota limit for the number of files.
%filesQuota
Specifies the current soft quota limit for the number of files.
%filesUsage
Specifies the current number of files for quota-related events.
| %filesetName
| Specifies the current number of files for quota-related events.
| %filesetSize
| Specifies the size of the fileset.
%fsName
Specifies the file system name for file system events.
| %myNode
| Specifies the node where callback script is invoked.
%quorumNodes[.qualifier]
Specifies a comma-separated list of quorum nodes.
%quotaID
Specifies the numerical ID of the quota owner (UID, GID, or fileset ID).
%quotaOwnerName
Specifies the name of the quota owner (user name, group name, or fileset name).

70 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

%quotaType
Specifies the type of quota for quota-related events. Possible values are USR, GRP, or
FILESET.
%reason
Specifies the reason for triggering the event. For the preUnmount and unmount events,
the possible values are normal and forced. For the preShutdown and shutdown events,
the possible values are normal and abnormal. For all other events, the value is
UNDEFINED.
%storagePool
Specifies the storage pool name for space-related events.
%upNodes[.qualifier]
Specifies a comma-separated list of nodes that are currently up.
| %userName
| Specifies the user name.
Variables that represent node identifiers accept an optional qualifier that can be used to specify
how the nodes are to be identified. .qualifier can be one of:
.ip Specifies that GPFS should use the nodes' IP addresses.
.name Specifies that GPFS should use fully-qualified node names. This is the default.
.shortName
Specifies that GPFS should strip the domain part of the node names.

Options
-S Filename | --spec-file Filename
Specifies a file with multiple callback definitions, one per line. The first token on each line must
be the callback identifier.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmaddcallback command.

The node on which the command is issued must be able to execute remote shell commands on any other
node in the cluster without the use of a password and without producing any extraneous messages. See
“Requirements for administering a GPFS file system” on page 1.

Examples
1. To register command /tmp/myScript to run after GPFS startup, issue this command:
mmaddcallback test1 --command=/tmp/myScript --event startup
The system displays information similar to:
mmaddcallback: Propagating the cluster configuration data to all
affected nodes. This is an asynchronous process.
2. To register a callback that NFS exports or to unexport a particular file system after it has been
mounted or before it has been unmounted, issue this command:
mmaddcallback NFSexport --command /usr/local/bin/NFSexport --event mount,preUnmount -N c26f3rp01
--parms "%eventName %fsName"

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 71

The system displays information similar to:
mmaddcallback: 6027-1371 Propagating the cluster configuration data to all
affected nodes. This is an asynchronous process.

See also

“mmdelcallback Command” on page 172

“mmlscallback Command” on page 226

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

72 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

mmadddisk Command
Adds disks to a GPFS file system.

Synopsis

mmadddisk Device {"DiskDesc[;DiskDesc...]" | -F DescFile} [-a] [-r] [-v {yes | no}] [-N {Node[,Node...] |
NodeFile | NodeClass}]

Description

Use the mmadddisk command to add disks to a GPFS file system. This command optionally rebalances
an existing file system after adding disks when the -r flag is specified. The mmadddisk command does
not require the file system to be unmounted before issuing the command. The file system can be in use
while the command is run.

Device must be the first parameter.

The -N parameter can be used only in conjunction with the -r option.

To add disks to a GPFS file system, first decide if you will:

1. Create new disks using the mmcrnsd command.
You should also decide whether to use the rewritten disk descriptor file produced by the mmcrnsd
command, or create a new list of disk descriptors. When using the rewritten file, the Disk Usage and
Failure Group specifications will remain the same as specified on the mmcrnsd command.
2. Select disks no longer in use in any file system. Issue the mmlsnsd -F command to display the
available disks.

Parameters
Device The device name of the file system to which the disks are added. File system names need not be
fully-qualified. fs0 is as acceptable as /dev/fs0.
This must be the first parameter.
DiskDesc
A descriptor for each disk to be added. Each descriptor is delimited by a semicolon (;) and the
entire list must be enclosed in quotation marks (' or ").
The actual number of disks in your file system may be constrained by products other than GPFS
that you have installed. Refer to the individual product documentation.
A disk descriptor is defined as (second, third and sixth fields reserved):
DiskName:::DiskUsage:FailureGroup::StoragePool
DiskName
You must specify the name of the NSD previously created by the mmcrnsd command.
For a list of available disks, issue the mmlsnsd -F command.
DiskUsage
Specify a disk usage or accept the default:
dataAndMetadata
Indicates that the disk contains both data and metadata. This is the default for
disks in the system pool.
dataOnly
Indicates that the disk contains data and does not contain metadata.

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 73

metadataOnly
Indicates that the disk contains metadata and does not contain data.
descOnly
Indicates that the disk contains no data and no file metadata. Such a disk is used
solely to keep a copy of the file system descriptor, and can be used as a third
failure group in certain disaster recovery configurations. For more information,
see General Parallel File System: Advanced Administration and search on Synchronous
mirroring utilizing GPFS replication.
FailureGroup
A number identifying the failure group to which this disk belongs. You can specify any
value from -1 to 4000 (where -1 indicates that the disk has no point of failure in common
with any other disk). If you do not specify a failure group, the value defaults to the node
number of the first NSD server defined in the NSD server list plus 4000. If you do not
specify an NSD server list, the value defaults to -1. GPFS uses this information during
data and metadata placement to assure that no two replicas of the same block are written
in such a way as to become unavailable due to a single failure. All disks that are attached
to the same NSD server or adapter should be placed in the same failure group.
| If the file system is configured with data replication, all storage pools must have two
| failure groups to maintain proper protection of the data. Similarly, if metadata replication
| is in effect, the system storage pool must have two failure groups.
StoragePool
Specifies the storage pool to which the disk is to be assigned. If this name is not
provided, the default is system.
Only the system storage pool can contain metadataOnly, dataAndMetadata, or descOnly
disks. Disks in other storage pools must be dataOnly.
-F DescFile
Specifies a file containing a list of disk descriptors, one per line. You may use the rewritten
DiskDesc file created by the mmcrnsd command or create your own file. When using the DiskDesc
file created by the mmcrnsd command, the values supplied on input to the command for Disk
Usage and FailureGroup are used. When creating your own file, you must specify these values or
accept the system defaults.
-N { Node[,Node...] | NodeFile | NodeClass}
Specifies the nodes that are to participate in the restripe of the file system after the specified disks
have been made available for use by GPFS. This parameter should be used in conjunction with
| the -r option. This command supports all defined node classes. The default is all or the current
| value of the defaultHelperNodes parameter of the mmchconfig command.
For general information on how to specify node names, see “Specifying nodes as input to GPFS
commands” on page 3.

Options
-a Specifies asynchronous processing. If this flag is specified, the mmadddisk command returns
after the file system descriptor is updated and the rebalancing scan is started; it does not wait for
rebalancing to finish. If no rebalancing is requested (the -r flag not specified), this option has no
effect.
-r Rebalance all existing files in the file system to make use of new disks.

74 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

-v {yes | no}
Verify that specified disks do not belong to an existing file system. The default is -v yes. Specify
-v no only when you want to reuse disks that are no longer needed for an existing file system. If
the command is interrupted for any reason, use the -v no option on the next invocation of the
command.

Important: Using -v no on a disk that already belongs to a file system will corrupt that file
system. This will not be noticed until the next time that file system is mounted.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmadddisk command.

Examples

To add the disks whose descriptors are located in ./disk_pools to the file system fs1 and rebalance the
existing files after it is added, issue this command:
mmadddisk fs1 -F ./disk_pools -r

The system displays information similar to:

GPFS: 6027-531 The following disks of fs1 will be formatted on node
k148n07.kgn.ibm.com:
gpfs10nsd: size 2202180 KB
Extending Allocation Map
Creating Allocation Map for storage pool ’pool2’
75 % complete on Thu Feb 16 13:57:52 2006
100 % complete on Thu Feb 16 13:57:54 2006
Flushing Allocation Map for storage pool ’pool2’
GPFS: 6027-535 Disks up to size 24 GB can be added to storage
pool pool2.
Checking allocation map for storage pool system
62 % complete on Thu Feb 16 13:58:03 2006
100 % complete on Thu Feb 16 13:58:06 2006
Checking allocation map for storage pool pool1
62 % complete on Thu Feb 16 13:58:11 2006
100 % complete on Thu Feb 16 13:58:14 2006
Checking allocation map for storage pool pool2
63 % complete on Thu Feb 16 13:58:19 2006
100 % complete on Thu Feb 16 13:58:22 2006
GPFS: 6027-1503 Completed adding disks to file system fs1.
mmadddisk: 6027-1371 Propagating the cluster configuration
data to all affected nodes. This is an asynchronous process.
Restriping fs1 ...
GPFS: 6027-589 Scanning file system metadata, phase 1 ...
GPFS: 6027-552 Scan completed successfully.
GPFS: 6027-589 Scanning file system metadata, phase 2 ...
GPFS: 6027-552 Scan completed successfully.
GPFS: 6027-589 Scanning file system metadata, phase 3 ...
GPFS: 6027-552 Scan completed successfully.
GPFS: 6027-589 Scanning file system metadata, phase 4 ...
GPFS: 6027-552 Scan completed successfully.

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 75

GPFS: 6027-565 Scanning user file metadata ...
68 % complete on Thu Feb 16 13:59:06 2006
100 % complete on Thu Feb 16 13:59:07 2006
GPFS: 6027-552 Scan completed successfully.
Done

See also

“mmchdisk Command” on page 112

“mmcrnsd Command” on page 151

“mmdeldisk Command” on page 173

“mmlsdisk Command” on page 232

“mmlsnsd Command” on page 248

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

76 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

mmaddnode Command
Adds nodes to a GPFS cluster.

Synopsis

mmaddnode -N {NodeDesc[,NodeDesc...] | NodeFile}

Description

Use the mmaddnode command to add nodes to an existing GPFS cluster. On each new node, a mount
point directory and character mode device is created for each GPFS file system.

Follow these rules when adding nodes to a GPFS cluster:

v You may issue the command only from a node that already belongs to the GPFS cluster.
v While a node may mount file systems from multiple clusters, the node itself may only be added to a
single cluster using the mmcrcluster or mmaddnode command.
v The nodes must be available for the command to be successful. If any of the nodes listed are not
available when the command is issued, a message listing those nodes is displayed. You must correct
the problem on each node and reissue the command to add those nodes.
v After the nodes are added to the cluster, use the mmchlicense command to designate appropriate
GPFS licenses to the new nodes.

Parameters
-N NodeDesc[,NodeDesc...] | NodeFile
Specifies node descriptors, which provide information about nodes to be added to the cluster.
NodeFile
Specifies a file containing a list of node descriptors (see below), one per line, to be added
to the cluster.
NodeDesc[,NodeDesc...]
Specifies the list of nodes and node designations to be added to the GPFS cluster. Node
descriptors are defined as:
NodeName:NodeDesignations:AdminNodeName

where:
NodeName
Specifies the host name or IP address of the node for GPFS daemon-to-daemon
communication.
The host name or IP address must refer to the communication adapter over
which the GPFS daemons communicate (if multiple adapters are going to be
used, see the subnets option in the “mmchconfig Command” on page 102).
Aliased interfaces are not allowed. Use the original address or a name that is
resolved by the host command to that original address. You can specify a node
using any of these forms:
v Short host name (for example, h135n01)
v Long, fully-qualified, host name (for example, h135n01.ibm.com)
v IP address (for example, 7.111.12.102)
Regardless of which form you use, GPFS will resolve the input to a host name
and an IP address and will store these in its configuration files. It is expected that
those values will not change while the node belongs to the cluster.

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 77

NodeDesignations
An optional, "-" separated list of node roles:
v manager | client – Indicates whether a node is part of the node pool from
which file system managers and token managers can be selected. The default is
client.
v quorum | nonquorum – Indicates whether a node is counted as a quorum
node. The default is nonquorum.

Note: If you are designating a new node as a quorum node, and adminMode
central is in effect for the cluster, GPFS must be down on all nodes in the
cluster. Alternatively, you may choose to add the new nodes as nonquorum
and once GPFS has been successfully started on the new nodes, you can
change their designation to quorum using the mmchnode command.
AdminNodeName
Specifies an optional field that consists of a node interface name to be used by
the administration commands to communicate between nodes. If AdminNodeName
is not specified, the NodeName value is used.
You must provide a NodeDesc for each node to be added to the GPFS cluster.

Options

NONE

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmaddnode command.

Examples

To add nodes k164n06 and k164n07 as quorum nodes, designating k164n06 to be available as a manager
node, issue this command:
mmaddnode -N k164n06:quorum-manager,k164n07:quorum

To confirm the addition, issue this command:

mmlscluster

The system displays information similar to:

78 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

GPFS cluster configuration servers:
-----------------------------------
Primary server: k164n07.kgn.ibm.com
Secondary server: k164n04.kgn.ibm.com

Node Daemon node name IP address Admin node name Designation

---------------------------------------------------------------------
1 k164n04.kgn.ibm.com 198.117.68.68 k164n04.kgn.ibm.com quorum
2 k164n07.kgn.ibm.com 198.117.68.71 k164n07.kgn.ibm.com quorum
3 k164n06.kgn.ibm.com 198.117.68.70 k164n06.kgn.ibm.com quorum-manager

See also

“mmchconfig Command” on page 102

“mmcrcluster Command” on page 138

“mmchcluster Command” on page 99

“mmdelnode Command” on page 182

“mmlscluster Command” on page 228

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 79

mmapplypolicy Command
Deletes files or migrates file data between storage pools within a single file system in accordance with
policy rules.

Synopsis

mmapplypolicy {Device | Directory} [-A IscanBuckets] [-a IscanThreads] [-B MaxFiles] [-D yyyy-mm-dd
[@hh:mm[:ss]]] [-e] [-f FileListPrefix] [-g GlobalWorkDirectory] [-I {yes | defer | test | prepare}] [-i
InputFileList] [-L n] [-M name=value...] [-m ThreadLevel] [-N {all | mount | Node[,Node...] | NodeFile |
NodeClass}] [-n DirThreadLevel] [-P PolicyFile] [-q] [-r FileListPathname...] [-S SnapshotName] [-s
| LocalWorkDirectory] [--single-instance] [--sort-buffer-size Size]

Description

Use the mmapplypolicy command to manage migration and replication of the data to and from GPFS
storage pools. It can also be used to delete files from GPFS. You can issue the mmapplypolicy command
from any node in the GPFS cluster that has the file system mounted.

The mmapplypolicy command does not affect placement rules (for example, the SET POOL and
RESTORE rule) that are installed for a file system by the mmchpolicy command. To display the currently
installed rules, issue the mmlspolicy command.

A given file can match more than one list rule, but will be included in a given list only once. ListName
provides the binding to an EXTERNAL LIST rule that specifies the executable program to use when
processing the generated list.

The EXTERNAL POOL rule defines an external storage pool. This rule does not match files, but serves to
define the binding between the policy language and the external storage manager that implements the
external storage.

Any given file is a potential candidate for at most one MIGRATE or DELETE operation during one
invocation of the mmapplypolicy command. That same file may also match the first applicable LIST rule.

A file that matches an EXCLUDE rule is not subject to any subsequent MIGRATE, DELETE, or LIST
rules. You should carefully consider the order of rules within a policy to avoid unintended consequences.

For detailed information on GPFS policies, see the GPFS: Advanced Administration Guide.

This command cannot be run from a Windows node. The GPFS API, documented functions in gpfs.h are
not implemented on Windows, however the policy language does support the Windows file attributes, so
you can manage your GPFS Windows files using the mmapplypolicy command running on an AIX or
Linux node.

Parameters
Device Specifies the device name of the file system from which files will have the policy rules applied.
File system names need not be fully-qualified. fs0 is just as acceptable as /dev/fs0. If specified,
this must be the first parameter.
Directory
Specifies the fully-qualified path name of a GPFS file system subtree from which files will have
the policy rules applied. If specified, this must be the first parameter.
-I {yes | defer | test | prepare}
Specifies what actions the mmapplypolicy command performs on files:

80 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

yes Indicates that all applicable policy rules are run, and the data movement between pools is
done during the processing of the mmapplypolicy command. All defined external lists
will be executed. This is the default action.
defer Indicates that all applicable policy rules are run, but actual data movement between pools
is deferred until the next mmrestripefs or mmrestripefile command. When the -I defer
option is specified with the -f option, the command can then be rerun with the -r option
and the actual data movement will occur then.
test Indicates that all policy rules are evaluated, but the mmapplypolicy command only
displays the actions that would be performed had -I defer or -I yes been specified. There
is no actual deletion of files or data movement between pools. This option is intended for
testing the effects of particular policy rules.
prepare
Indicates that all policy execution is deferred and that mmapplypolicy only prepares file
lists that are suitable for execution with the –r option. Records are written for each of the
chosen files and are stored in one or more file lists. The file lists are stored under a path
name that is specified by the -f option or in the default local work directory.
-N { all | mount | Node[,Node...] | NodeFile | NodeClass}
Specifies the list of nodes that will run parallel instances of policy code in the GPFS home cluster.
This command supports all defined node classes. The default is to run on the node where the
| mmapplypolicy command is running or the current value of the defaultHelperNodes parameter
| of the mmchconfig command.
For general information on how to specify node names, see “Specifying nodes as input to GPFS
commands” on page 3.
-P PolicyFile
Specifies the name of the file containing the policy rules to be applied. If not specified, the policy
rules currently in effect for the file system are used. Use the mmlspolicy command to display the
current policy rules.

Options
-A IscanBuckets
Specifies the number of buckets of inode numbers (number of inode/filelists) to be created by the
parallel directory scan and processed by the parallel inode scan. Affects the execution of the
high-performance protocol that is used when both -g and -N are specified. The default is 17.

Tip: Set this parameter to a prime number that is close in value to the expected number of the
files to be scanned divided by one million. Then each bucket will have about one million files.
-a IscanThreads
Specifies the number of threads and sort pipelines each node will run during the parallel inode
scan and policy evaluation. It affects the execution of the high-performance protocol that is used
when both -g and -N are specified. The default is 2. Using a moderately larger number can
significantly improve performance, but might "strain" the resources of the node. In some
environments a large value for this parameter can lead to a command failure.

Tip: Set this parameter to the number of CPU "cores" implemented on a typical node in your
GPFS cluster.
-B MaxFiles
Specifies how many files are passed for each invocation of the EXEC script. The default value is
100.
If the number of files exceeds the value specified for MaxFiles, mmapplypolicy invokes the
external program multiple times.

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 81

For more information about file list records, refer to the General Parallel File System: Advanced
Administration Guide.
-D yyyy-mm-dd[@hh:mm[:ss]]
Specifies a date and optionally a (UTC) time as year-month-day at hour:minute:second.
The mmapplypolicy command evaluates policy rules as if it were running on the date and time
specified by the -D flag. This can be useful for planning or testing policies, to see how the
mmapplypolicy command would act in the future. If this flag is omitted, the mmapplypolicy
command uses the current date and (UTC) time. If a date is specified but not a time, the time is
assumed to be 00:00:00.
-e Causes mmapplypolicy to re-evaluate and revalidate the following conditions immediately before
executing the policy action for each chosen file:
v That the PATH_NAME still leads to the chosen file, and that the INODE and GENERATION
values are the same.
v That the rule (iRule) still applies to, and is a first matching rule for, the chosen file.

Note: The -e option is particularly useful with -r, but can be used apart from it. It is useful
because in the time that elapses after the policy evaluation and up to the policy execution, it is
possible that the chosen pathname no longer refers to the same inode (for example the original
file was removed or renamed), or that some of the attributes of the chosen file have changed in
some way so that the chosen file no longer satisfies the conditions of the rule. In general, the
longer the elapsed time, the more likely it is that conditions have changed (depending on how
the file system is being used). For example, if files are only written once and never renamed or
erased, except by policy rules that call for deletion after an expiration interval, then it is probably
not necessary to re-evaluate with the -e option.

For more information about -r, refer to the General Parallel File System: Advanced Administration
Guide.
-f FileListPrefix
Specifies the location (a path name or file name prefix or directory) in which the file lists for
external pool and list operations are stored when the either the -I defer or -I prepare option has
been chosen. The default location is LocalWorkDirectory/mmapplypolicy.processid.
-g GlobalWorkDirectory
Specifies a global directory to be used for temporary storage during mmapplypolicy command
processing. The specified directory must exist within a shared file system. It must also be
mounted and available for writing and reading from each of the nodes specified by the -N
option. When both -N and -g are specified, mmapplypolicy uses high performance and
fault-tolerant protocols during execution.

Note: The -g option should specify a directory (for temporary or work files) within a GPFS file
system that is accessible from each node specified with the -N option. The directory can either be
in the file system being operated upon by mmapplypolicy or in another file system.
There is no default value for -g.
If the -g option is specified, but not the -s option, the directory specified by -g is used for all
temporary files required by mmapplypolicy. If both the -g and -s options are specified,
temporary files may be stored in each. In general, temporary files that are only written and read
by a single node are stored in the local work directory specified by the -s option, while
temporary files that must be accessed by more than one node are stored in the global work
directory specified by the -g option.
-i InputFileList
| Specifies the path name for a user-provided input file list. This file list enables you to specify
| multiple starter directories or files. It can be in either of the following formats:

82 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

| simple format file list
| A list of records with the following format:
| PATH_NAME

| Each record represents either a single file or a directory. When a directory is specified, the
| command processes the entire subtree that is rooted at the specified path name
| File names can contain spaces and special characters; however, the special characters '\'
| and '\n' must be escaped with the '\' character similarly to the way mmapplypolicy
| writes path names in file lists for external pool and list operations.
| The end-of-record character must be \n.
| Example:
| /mak/ea
| /mak/old news
| /mak/special\\stuff
| /usr/lpp/mmfs/samples/ilm/mmglobexpf.sample is an example of a script that can be
| used to generate simple format file lists.
| expert format file list
| A list of records with the following format:
| INODE:GENERATION:path-length!PATH_NAME end-of-record-character

| Each record represents exactly one file.

| The INODE and GENERATION values must be specified in hexadecimal format (%11x).
| If you do not know the generation number or inode number, specify 0 and GPFS will
| look it up for you.
| The path-length value must be specified in decimal format (%d). The path-length value is
| followed by the delimiter !.
| The end-of-record character must be \n or \0.
| Example (the end-of-record characters are invisible):
| 00009a00:0:8!d14/f681
| 00009a01:1002:8!d14/f682
| When you use an expert format file list, the directory scan phase is skipped and only the
| files that are specified with the InputFileList parameter are tested against the policy rules.
| For more information, see the GPFS: Advanced Administration Guide.
| With either format, if a path name is not fully qualified, it is assumed to be relative to one of the
| following:
| v the Directory parameter on the mmapplypolicy command invocation
| Or
| v the mount point of the GPFS file system, if Device is specified as the first argument
-L n Controls the level of information displayed by the mmapplypolicy command. Larger values
indicate the display of more detailed information. These terms are used:
candidate file
A file that matches a MIGRATE, DELETE, or LIST policy rule.
chosen file
A candidate file that has been scheduled for action.
These are the valid values for n:
0 Displays only serious errors.

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 83

1 Displays some information as the command runs, but not for each file. This is the default.
2 Displays each chosen file and the scheduled migration or deletion action.
3 All of the above, plus displays each candidate file and the applicable rule.
4 All of the above, plus displays each explicitly EXCLUDE'ed or LIST'ed files, and the
applicable rule.
5 All of the above, plus displays the attributes of candidate and EXCLUDE'ed or LIST'ed
files.
6 All of the above, plus displays files that are not candidate files, and their attributes.
For examples and more information on this flag, see the section: The mmapplypolicy -L command in
General Parallel File System: Problem Determination Guide.
-M name=value...
Indicates a string substitution that will be made in the text of the policy rules before the rules are
interpreted. This allows the administrator to reuse a single policy rule file for incremental
backups without editing the file for each backup.
-m ThreadLevel
The number of threads that are created and dispatched within each mmapplypolicy process
during the policy execution phase. The default value is 24.
-n DirThreadLevel...
The number of threads that will be created and dispatched within each mmapplypolicy process
during the directory scan phase. The default is 24.
-q When specified, mmapplypolicy dispatches bunches of files from the file lists specified by the -r
option in a round-robin fashion, so that the multithreaded (-m) and node parallel (-N) policy
execution works on all the file lists "at the same time." When --qis not specified, policy execution
works on the file lists sequentially. In either case bunches of files are dispatched for parallel
execution to multiple threads (-m) on each of the possibly multiple nodes (-N).
-r FileListPathname...
Specifies one or more file lists of files for policy execution. The file lists that were used as input
for -r were created by issuing mmapplypolicy with the -I prepare flag. You can specify several
file lists by doing one of the following:
v Provide the path name of a directory of file lists, or
v Specify the -r option several times, each time with the path name of a different file list.
You can use this parameter to logically continue where mmapplypolicy left off when you
specified the -I prepare option. To do this, invoke mmapplypolicy with all the same parameters
and options (except the -I prepare option), and now substitute the -r option for -f. In between the
invocations, you can process, reorder, filter, or edit the file lists that were created when you
invoked -I prepare. You can specify any or all of the resulting file lists with the -r option.
The format of the records in each file list file can be expressed as:
iAggregate:WEIGHT:INODE:GENERATION:SIZE:iRule:resourceId:attr_flags:
pool-length!POOL_NAME:path-lengthl!PATH_NAME
[;show-length>!SHOW]end-of-record-character
For more information about file list records, refer to the General Parallel File System: Advanced
Administration Guide.
-S SnapshotName
Specifies the name of a snapshot for file system backup operations. The name appears as a
subdirectory of the .snapshots directory in the file system root and can be found with the
mmlssnapshot command.

84 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Note: A GPFS snapshot is read only and the migration or deletion rule should not be used with a
snapshot.
-s LocalWorkDirectory
Specifies the directory to be used for temporary storage during mmapplypolicy command
processing.
The default directory is /tmp. The mmapplypolicy command stores lists of candidate and chosen
files in temporary files within this directory.
When you execute mmapplypolicy, it creates several temporary files and file lists. If the specified
file system or directories contain many files, this can require a significant amount of temporary
storage. The required storage is proportional to the number of files (NF) being acted on and the
average length of the path name to each file (AVPL). To make a rough estimate of the space
required, estimate NF and assume an AVPL of 80 bytes. With an AVPL of 80, the space required
is roughly (300 X NF) bytes of temporary space.
| --single-instance
| Ensures that, for the specified file system, only one instance of mmapplypolicy invoked with the
| --single-instance option can execute at one time. If another instance of mmapplypolicy invoked
| with the --single-instance option is currently executing, this invocation will do nothing but
| terminate.
| --sort-buffer-size Size
| Limits the memory usage of any sort subprocesses executed by mmapplypolicy. The Size value is
passed to the sort command on operating systems that support the --buffer-size option and can
| be specified in any syntax that is accepted by --buffer-size (for example, 20% or 1M).

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmapplypolicy command.

Examples
1. This command displays the actions that would occur if a policy were applied, but does not apply the
policy at this time:
mmapplypolicy fs1 -P policyfile -I test

The system displays output similar to:

[I] GPFS current data pool utilization in KB and %
sp1 9728 19531264 0.049807%
sp2 4608 19531264 0.023593%
system 105216 19531264 0.538706%
[I] Loaded policy rules from fs1.pol.
Evaluating MIGRATE/DELETE/EXCLUDE rules with CURRENT_TIMESTAMP = 2009-02-27@20:00:22 UTC
parsed 2 Placement Rules, 0 Restore Rules, 3 Migrate/Delete/Exclude Rules,
0 List Rules, 0 External Pool/List Rules
RULE ’sp1’ SET POOL ’sp1’ WHERE name like ’%.sp1’ or name like ’%.tmp’
RULE ’default’ SET POOL ’system’

RULE ’exclude *.save files’ EXCLUDE WHERE NAME LIKE ’%.save’

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 85

/* Deletion rule */
RULE ’delete’ DELETE FROM POOL ’sp1’ WHERE NAME LIKE ’%.tmp’

/* Migration rule */
RULE ’migration to system pool’ MIGRATE FROM POOL ’sp1’ TO POOL ’system’ WHERE NAME LIKE ’%sp1%’
[I] Directories scan: 11 files, 1 directories, 0 other objects, 0 ’skipped’ files and/or errors.
[I] Inodes scan: 11 files, 1 directories, 0 other objects, 0 ’skipped’ files and/or errors.
[I] Summary of Rule Applicability and File Choices:
Rule# Hit_Cnt KB_Hit Chosen KB_Chosen KB_Ill Rule
0 3 1536 0 0 0 RULE ’exclude *.save files’ EXCLUDE WHERE(.)
1 3 1536 3 1536 0 RULE ’delete’ DELETE FROM POOL ’sp1’ WHERE(.)
2 2 1024 2 1024 0 RULE ’migration to system pool’ MIGRATE FROM POOL \
’sp1’ TO POOL ’system’ WHERE(.)

[I] Files with no applicable rules: 4.

[I] GPFS Policy Decisions and File Choice Totals:

Chose to migrate 1024KB: 2 of 2 candidates;
Chose to premigrate 0KB: 0 candidates;
Already co-managed 0KB: 0 candidates;
Chose to delete 1536KB: 3 of 3 candidates;
Chose to list 0KB: 0 of 0 candidates;
0KB of chosen data is illplaced or illreplicated;
Predicted Data Pool Utilization in KB and %:
sp1 7168 19531264 0.036700%
sp2 4608 19531264 0.023593%
system 106240 19531264 0.543948%
2. This command applies a policy immediately:
mmapplypolicy fs1 -P policyfile

The system displays output similar to:

[I] GPFS current data pool utilization in KB and %
sp1 9728 19531264 0.049807%
sp2 4608 19531264 0.023593%
system 105216 19531264 0.538706%
[I] Loaded policy rules from fs1.pol.
Evaluating MIGRATE/DELETE/EXCLUDE rules with CURRENT_TIMESTAMP = 2009-02-27@20:2
5:34 UTC
parsed 2 Placement Rules, 0 Restore Rules, 3 Migrate/Delete/Exclude Rules,
0 List Rules, 0 External Pool/List Rules
RULE ’sp1’ SET POOL ’sp1’ WHERE name like ’%.sp1’ or name like ’%.tmp’
RULE ’default’ SET POOL ’system’

RULE ’exclude *.save files’ EXCLUDE WHERE NAME LIKE ’%.save’

/* Deletion rule */
RULE ’delete’ DELETE FROM POOL ’sp1’ WHERE NAME LIKE ’%.tmp’

/* Migration rule */
RULE ’migration to system pool’ MIGRATE FROM POOL ’sp1’ TO POOL ’system’ WHERE NAME LIKE ’%sp1%’
[I] Directories scan: 11 files, 1 directories, 0 other objects, 0 ’skipped’ files and/or errors.
[I] Inodes scan: 11 files, 1 directories, 0 other objects, 0 ’skipped’ files and/or errors.
[I] Summary of Rule Applicability and File Choices:
Rule# Hit_Cnt KB_Hit Chosen KB_Chosen KB_Ill Rule
0 3 3072 0 0 0 RULE ’exclude *.save files’ EXCLUDE WHERE(.)
1 3 3072 3 3072 0 RULE ’delete’ DELETE FROM POOL ’sp1’ WHERE(.)
2 2 2048 2 2048 0 RULE ’migration to system pool’MIGRATE FROM POOL \
’sp1’ TO POOL ’system’ WHERE(.)

[I] Files with no applicable rules: 4.

[I] GPFS Policy Decisions and File Choice Totals:

Chose to migrate 2048KB: 2 of 2 candidates;
Chose to premigrate 0KB: 0 candidates;

86 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Already co-managed 0KB: 0 candidates;
Chose to delete 3072KB: 3 of 3 candidates;
Chose to list 0KB: 0 of 0 candidates;
0KB of chosen data is illplaced or illreplicated;
Predicted Data Pool Utilization in KB and %:
sp1 4608 19531264 0.023593%
sp2 4608 19531264 0.023593%
system 107264 19531264 0.549191%
[I] A total of 5 files have been migrated, deleted or processed by an EXTERNAL E
XEC/script;
0 ’skipped’ files and/or errors.

| Additional examples of GPFS policies and using the mmapplypolicy command are in the GPFS: Advanced
| Administration Guide.

See also

“mmchpolicy Command” on page 136

“mmcrsnapshot Command” on page 156

“mmlspolicy Command” on page 251

“mmlssnapshot Command” on page 256

“mmsnapdir Command” on page 304

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 87

mmauth Command
Manages secure access to GPFS file systems.

Synopsis

mmauth genkey {new | commit | propagate [-N {Node[,Node...] | NodeFile | NodeClass}]}

Or,

mmauth add RemoteClusterName -k KeyFile -l CipherList

Or,

mmauth update RemoteClusterName -C NewClusterName -k KeyFile [-l CipherList]

Or,

mmauth delete {RemoteClusterName | all }

Or,

mmauth grant {RemoteClusterName | all } -f { Device | all } [-a {rw | ro} ] [-r {uid:gid | no}]

Or,

mmauth deny {RemoteClusterName | all } -f { Device | all }

Or,

mmauth show [RemoteClusterName | all]

Description

The mmauth command prepares a cluster to grant secure access to file systems owned locally. The
mmauth command also prepares a cluster to receive secure access to file systems owned by another
cluster. Use the mmauth command to generate a public/private key pair for the local cluster. A
public/private key pair must be generated on both the cluster owning the file system and the cluster
desiring access to the file system. The administrators of the clusters are responsible for exchanging the
public portion of the public/private key pair. Use the mmauth command to add or delete permission for
a cluster to mount file systems owned by the local cluster.

When a cluster generates a new public/private key pair, administrators of clusters participating in remote
file system mounts are responsible for exchanging their respective public key file /var/mmfs/ssl/
id_rsa.pub generated by this command.

The administrator of a cluster desiring to mount a file system from another cluster must provide the
received key file as input to the mmremotecluster command. The administrator of a cluster allowing
another cluster to mount a file system must provide the received key file to the mmauth command.

The keyword appearing after mmauth determines which action is performed:

add Adds a cluster and its associated public key to the list of clusters authorized to connect to this
cluster for the purpose of mounting file systems owned by this cluster.
delete Deletes a cluster and its associated public key from the list of clusters authorized to mount file
systems owned by this cluster.

88 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

deny Denies a cluster the authority to mount a specific file system owned by this cluster.
genkey
Controls the generation and propagation of the OpenSSL key files:
new Generates a new public/private key pair for this cluster. The key pair is placed in
/var/mmfs/ssl. This must be done at least once before cipherList, the GPFS configuration
parameter that enables GPFS with OpenSSL, is set.
The new key is in addition to the currently in effect committed key. Both keys are
accepted until the administrator runs mmauth genkey commit.
commit
Commits the new public/private key pair for this cluster. Once mmauth genkey commit
is run, the old key pair will no longer be accepted, and remote clusters that have not
updated their keys (by running mmauth update or mmremotecluster update) will be
disconnected.
propagate
Ensures that the currently in effect key files are placed in /var/mmfs/ssl on the nodes
specified with the -N parameter. This may be necessary if the key files are lost and
adminMode central is in effect for the cluster.
grant Allows a cluster to mount a specific file system owned by this cluster.
show Shows the list of clusters authorized to mount file system owned by this cluster.
update
Updates the public key and other information associated with a cluster authorized to mount file
systems owned by this cluster.
When the local cluster name (or '.') is specified, mmauth update -l can be used to set the
cipherList value for the local cluster. Note that you cannot use this command to change the name
of the local cluster. Use the mmchcluster command for this purpose.

Parameters
-N {Node[,Node...] | NodeFile | NodeClass}
Specifies the nodes on which the key files should be restored. The default is -N all.
For general information on how to specify node names, see “Specifying nodes as input to GPFS
commands” on page 3.
This command does not support a NodeClass of mount.
RemoteClusterName
Specifies the remote cluster name requesting access to local GPFS file systems. The value all
indicates all remote clusters defined to the local cluster.

Options
-a {rw | ro}
The type of access allowed:
ro Specifies read-only access.
rw Specifies read/write access. This is the default.
-C NewClusterName
| Specifies a new, fully-qualified cluster name for the already-defined cluster RemoteClusterName.
-f Device
The device name for a file system owned by this cluster. The Device argument is required. If all is
specified, the command applies to all file systems owned by this cluster at the time that the
command is issued.

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 89

-k KeyFile
Specifies the public key file generated by the mmauth command in the cluster requesting to
remotely mount the local GPFS file system.
-l CipherList
| Specifies the cipher list to be associated with the cluster specified by RemoteClusterName, when
connecting to this cluster for the purpose of mounting file systems owned by this cluster.
When switching from a non-secure to a secure environment and vice versa, GPFS must be down
on all nodes in the cluster.
See the Frequently Asked Questions at: publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/ clresctr/topic/
com.ibm.cluster.gpfs.doc/gpfs_faqs/gpfsclustersfaq.html for a list of the ciphers supported by
GPFS.
-r {uid:gid | no}
Specifies a root credentials remapping (root squash) option. The UID and GID of all processes with
root credentials from the remote cluster will be remapped to the specified values. The default is
not to remap the root UID and GID. The uid and gid must be specified as unsigned integers or as
symbolic names that can be resolved by the operating system to a valid UID and GID. Specifying
no, off, or DEFAULT turns off the remapping.
For more information, see General Parallel File System: Advanced Administration Guide and search on
root squash.

Exit status
0 Successful completion. After a successful completion of the mmauth command, the configuration
change request will have been propagated to all nodes in the cluster.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmauth command.

Examples
1. This is an example of an mmauth genkey new command:
mmauth genkey new

The output is similar to this:

Generating RSA private key, 512 bit long modulus
............++++++++++++.++++++++++++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
mmauth: Command successfully completed
mmauth: Propagating the cluster configuration data to all
affected nodes. This is an asynchronous process.
2. This is an example of an mmauth genkey commit command:
mmauth genkey commit

The output is similar to this:

mmauth: Command successfully completed
mmauth: Propagating the cluster configuration data to all
affected nodes. This is an asynchronous process.

90 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

3. This is an example of an mmauth add command:
mmauth add clustA.kgn.ibm.com -k /u/admin/keys/clustA.pub

The output is similar to this:

mmauth: Propagating the changes to all affected nodes.
This is an asynchronous process.
4. This is an example of an mmauth update command:
mmauth update clustA.kgn.ibm.com -k /u/admin/keys/clustA_new.pub

The output is similar to this:

mmauth: Propagating the changes to all affected nodes.
This is an asynchronous process.
5. This is an example of an mmauth grant command:
mmauth grant clustA.kgn.ibm.com -f /dev/gpfs1 -a ro

The output is similar to this:

mmauth:Propagating the changes to all affected nodes.
This is an asynchronous process.
6. This is an example of an mmauth show command:
mmauth show all

The output is similar to this:

Cluster name: clustA.kgn.ibm.com
Cipher list: NULL-SHA
SHA digest: a3917c8282fca7a27d951566940768dcd241902b
File system access: gpfs1 (ro)
Cluster name: clustB.kgn.ibm.com (this cluster)
Cipher list: NULL-SHA
SHA digest: 6ba5e3c1038246fe30f3fc8c1181fbb2130d7a8a
SHA digest (new): 3c1038246fe30f3fc8c1181fbb2130d7a8a9ab4d
File system access: (all rw)
For clustB.kgn.ibm.com, the mmauth genkey new command has been issued, but the mmauth
genkey commit command has not yet been issued.
For more information on the SHA digest, see General Parallel File System: Problem Determination Guide
and search on SHA digest.

See also

“mmremotefs Command” on page 279

“mmremotecluster Command” on page 276

Accessing GPFS file systems from other GPFS clusters in General Parallel File System: Advanced Administration
Guide.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 91

mmbackup Command
Performs a backup of a GPFS file system or directory to a backup Tivoli Storage Manager (TSM) server.

Synopsis

mmbackup {Device | Directory} [-f] [-g GlobalWorkDirectory] [-N {Node[,Node...] | NodeFile | NodeClass}] [-s
LocalWorkDirectory] [-S SnapshotName] [-t {full | incremental}]

Description

Use the mmbackup command to back up the user data from a GPFS file system, directory, or snapshot to
a backup TSM server.

Note: The TSM Backup-Archive client must be installed on the nodes that will be executing the
mmbackup command.

| You can run multiple instances of mmbackup, as long as they are on different filesystems.

This command cannot be run from a Windows node.

Parameters
Device The device name for the file system to be backed up. File system names need not be
fully-qualified. fs0 is as acceptable as /dev/fs0.
Directory
Specifies the directory or a snapshot to be backed up. The contents of the .snapshots directory
would be backed up as if they were regular files in the file system.
-N {Node[,Node...] | NodeFile | NodeClass}
Specifies the list of nodes that will run parallel instances of the backup process. The TSM
Backup-Archive client must be installed on all nodes specified with this parameter. This
command supports all defined node classes. The default is to run only on the node where the
| mmbackup command is running or the current value of the defaultHelperNodes parameter of
| the mmchconfig command.
For general information on how to specify node names, see “Specifying nodes as input to GPFS
commands” on page 3.

Options
-f Specifies that processing should continue when unlinked filesets are detected. All files that belong
to unlinked filesets will be ignored.
-g GlobalWorkDirectory
The directory to be used for temporary files that need to be shared between the mmbackup
worker nodes. Defaults to the value specified with the -s option or /tmp.
-s TempDirectory
Specifies the directory to be used for temporary storage during mmbackup command processing.
The default directory is /tmp.
-S SnapshotName
Specifies the name of a snapshot for file system backup operations. The name appears as a
subdirectory of the .snapshots directory in the file system root and can be found with the
mmlssnapshot command.

92 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

-t {full | incremental}
Specifies whether to perform a full backup of all of the files in the file system, or an incremental
backup of only those files that have changed since the last backup was performed. The default is
an incremental backup.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
1 Partially successful completion. Not all of the eligible files were successfully backed up. Invoke
mmbackup again to backup the files not backed up by the previous mmbackup.
2 A failure occurred. Invoke mmbackup again to backup the files not backed up by the previous
mmbackup.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmbackup command.

| The node on which the command is issued, as well as all other TSM Backup-Archive client nodes, must
| be able to execute remote shell commands on any other node in the cluster without the use of a
| password and without producing any extraneous messages. See “Requirements for administering a GPFS
| file system” on page 1.

Examples

To perform an incremental backup of the file system gpfs5, issue this command:
mmbackup gpfs5

The system displays information similar to:

--------------------------------------------------------
Backup of /gpfs/gpfs5 begins at Tue Jul 21 09:12:31 PDT 2009.
--------------------------------------------------------
File system scan of gpfs5 is complete.
Determining file system changes for gpfs5.
Sending files to the TSM server.
Backing up files...
Backing up files...

Done backing files to the TSM Server k164n04.kgn.ibm.com.

---------------------------------------------------------
mmbackup: Backup of /gpfs/gpfs5 completed on Tue Jul 21 09:12:57 PDT 2009.
----------------------------------------------------------

See also

“mmbackupconfig Command” on page 94

“mmrestoreconfig Command” on page 285

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 93

mmbackupconfig Command
Collects GPFS file system configuration information.

Synopsis

mmbackupconfig Device -o OutputFile

Description

The mmbackupconfig command, in conjunction with the mmrestoreconfig command, can be used to
collect basic file system configuration information that can later be used to restore the file system. The
configuration information backed up by this command includes block size, replication factors, number
and size of disks, storage pool layout, filesets and junction points, policy rules, quota information, and a
number of other file system attributes.

This command does not back up user data or individual file attributes.

Parameters
Device The device name of the file system to be backed up. File system names need not be
fully-qualified. fs0 is as acceptable as /dev/fs0.
This must be the first parameter.
-o OutputFile
The path name of a file to which the file system information is to be written. This file must be
provided as input to the subsequent mmrestoreconfig command.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
1 Partially successful completion.
2 A failure has occurred that cannot be corrected. A new mmbackupconfig run is required.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmbackupconfig command.

Examples

To backup file system fsiam2 to output file backup.config.fsiam2 issue:

mmbackupconfig fsiam2 -o backup.config.fsiam2

The system displays information similar to:

mmbackupconfig: Processing file system fsiam2 ...
mmbackupconfig: Command successfully completed

See also

“mmbackup Command” on page 92

“mmrestoreconfig Command” on page 285

94 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 95

mmchattr Command
Changes the replication attributes, storage pool assignment, and I/O caching policy for one or more
GPFS files.

Synopsis

mmchattr [-m MetadataReplicas] [-M MaxMetadataReplicas] [-r DataReplicas] [-R MaxDataReplicas] [-P
| DataPoolName] [-D {yes | no} ] [-I {yes | defer}] [-i {yes | no}] [-l] [-a {yes | no}] Filename [Filename...]

Description

Use the mmchattr command to change the replication attributes, storage pool assignment, retention and
immutability attributes, and I/O caching policy for files in the GPFS file system.

The replication factor must be less than or equal to the maximum replication factor for the file. If
insufficient space is available in the file system to increase the number of replicas to the value requested,
the mmchattr command ends. However, some blocks of the file may have their replication factor
increased after the mmchattr command ends. If additional free space becomes available in the file system
at a later time (when, for example, you add another disk to the file system), you can then issue the
mmrestripefs command with the -r or -b option to complete the replication of the file. The
mmrestripefile command can be used in a similar manner. You can use the mmlsattr command to
display the replication values.

Data of a file is stored in a specific storage pool. A storage pool is a collection of disks or RAIDs with
similar properties. Because these storage devices have similar properties, you can manage them as a
groups. You can use storage pools to:
v Partition storage for the file system
v Assign file storage locations
v Improve system performance
v Improve system reliability

The Direct I/O caching policy bypasses file cache and transfers data directly from disk into the user
space buffer, as opposed to using the normal cache policy of placing pages in kernel memory.
Applications with poor cache hit rates or very large I/Os may benefit from the use of Direct I/O.

The mmchattr command can be run against a file in use.

You must have write permission for the files whose attributes you are changing.

Parameters
Filename [Filename ...]
The name of one or more files to be changed. Delimit each file name by a space. Wildcard
characters are supported in file names, for example, project*.sched.

Options
| -a {yes | no}
| Specifies whether the file is in appendOnly mode (-a yes) or not (-a no).
-D {yes | no}
Enable or disable the Direct I/O caching policy for files.
-i {yes | no}
Specifies whether the file is immutable (-i yes) or not immutable (-i no).

96 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

-I {yes | defer}
Specifies if replication and migration between pools is to be performed immediately (-I yes), or
deferred until a later call to mmrestripefs or mmrestripefile (-I defer). By deferring the updates
to more than one file, the data movement may be done in parallel. The default is -I yes.
-l Specifies that this command works only with regular files and directories and does not follow
symlinks. The default is to follow symlinks.
-m MetadataReplicas
Specifies how many copies of the file system's metadata to create. Enter a value of 1 or 2, but not
greater than the value of the MaxMetadataReplicas attribute of the file.
-M MaxMetadataReplicas
Specifies the maximum number of copies of indirect blocks for a file. Space is reserved in the
inode for all possible copies of pointers to indirect blocks. Enter a value of 1 or 2. This value
cannot be less than the value of the DefaultMetadataReplicas attribute of the file.
-P DataPoolName
Changes the file's assigned storage pool to the specified DataPoolName. The caller must have
superuser or root privileges to change the assigned storage pool.
-r DataReplicas
Specifies how many copies of the file data to create. Enter a value of 1 or 2. This value should not
greater than the value of the MaxDataReplicas attribute of the file.
-R MaxDataReplicas
Specifies the maximum number of copies of data blocks for a file. Space is reserved in the inode
and indirect blocks for all possible copies of pointers to data blocks. Enter a value of 1 or 2. This
value should not be less than the value of the DefaultDataReplicas attribute of the file.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have write access to the file to run the mmchattr command.

You may issue the mmchattr command only from a node in the GPFS cluster where the file system is
mounted.

Examples
1. To change the metadata replication factor to 2 and the data replication factor to 2 for the
project7.resource file in file system fs1, issue this command:
mmchattr -m 2 -r 2 /fs1/project7.resource
To confirm the change, issue this command:
| mmlsattr project7.resource

The system displays information similar to:

replication factors
metadata(max) data(max) file [flags]
------------- --------- ---------------
2 ( 2) 2 ( 2) /fs1/project7.resource

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 97

2. Migrating data from one storage pool to another using the mmchattr command with the -I defer
option, or the mmapplypolicy command with the -I defer option will cause the data to be ill-placed.
This means that the storage pool assignment for the file has changed, but the file data has not yet
been migrated to the assigned storage pool.
| The mmlsattr -L command will show ill-placed flags on the files that are ill-placed. The mmrestripefs,
or mmrestripefile command can be used to migrate data to the correct storage pool, and the ill-placed
flag will be cleared. This is an example of an ill-placed file:
mmlsattr -L 16Kfile6.tmp
The system displays output similar to this:
| file name: 16Kfile6.tmp
| metadata replication: 1 max 2
| data replication: 1 max 2
| immutable: no
| appendOnly: no
| flags: directio
| storage pool name: system
| fileset name: root
| snapshot name:

See also

“mmcrfs Command” on page 144

“mmlsattr Command” on page 224

“mmlsfs Command” on page 238

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

98 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

mmchcluster Command
Changes GPFS cluster configuration data.

Synopsis

mmchcluster {[-p PrimaryServer] [-s SecondaryServer]}

Or,

mmchcluster -p LATEST

Or,

mmchcluster {[-r RemoteShellCommand] [-R RemoteFileCopyCommand]}

Or,

mmchcluster -C ClusterName

Description

The mmchcluster command serves several purposes. You can use it to:
1. Change the primary or secondary GPFS cluster configuration server.
2. Synchronize the primary GPFS cluster configuration server.
3. Change the remote shell and remote file copy programs to be used by the nodes in the cluster.
4. Change the cluster name.
5. Specify node interfaces to be used by the GPFS administration commands.
6. The mmchnode command replaces the mmchcluster -N command for changes to node data related to
the cluster configuration.
To display current system information for the cluster, issue the mmlscluster command.

For general information on how to specify node names, see “Specifying nodes as input to GPFS
commands” on page 3.

When issuing the mmchcluster command with the -p or -s options, the specified nodes must be available
in order for the command to succeed. If any of the nodes listed are not available when the command is
issued, a message listing those nodes is displayed. You must correct the problem on each node and
reissue the command.

Attention: The mmchcluster command, when issued with either the -p or -s option, is designed to
operate in an environment where the current primary and secondary cluster configuration servers are not
available. As a result, the command can run without obtaining its regular serialization locks. To assure
smooth transition to a new cluster configuration server, no other GPFS commands (mm commands)
should be running when the command is issued, nor should any other command be issued until the
mmchcluster command has successfully completed.

Parameters
-C ClusterName
Specifies a new name for the cluster. If the user-provided name contains dots, it is assumed to be
a fully-qualified domain name. Otherwise, to make the cluster name unique, the domain of the
primary configuration server will be appended to the user-provided name.

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 99

Since each cluster is managed independently, there is no automatic coordination and propagation
of changes between clusters like there is between the nodes within a cluster. This means that if
you change the name of the cluster, you should notify the administrators of all other GPFS
clusters that can mount your file systems so that they can update their own environments. See
the mmauth, mmremotecluster, and mmremotefs commands.
-p PrimaryServer
Change the primary server node for the GPFS cluster data. This may be specified as a short or
long node name, an IP address, or a node number.
LATEST – Synchronize all of the nodes in the GPFS cluster ensuring they are using the most
recently specified primary GPFS cluster configuration server. If an invocation of the mmchcluster
command fails, you are prompted to reissue the command and specify LATEST on the -p option
to synchronize all of the nodes in the GPFS cluster. Synchronization provides for all nodes in the
GPFS cluster to use the most recently specified primary GPFS cluster configuration server.
-s SecondaryServer
Change the secondary server node for the GPFS cluster data. To remove the secondary GPFS
server and continue operating without it, specify a null string, "", as the parameter. This may be
specified as a short or long nodename, an IP address, or a node number.

Options
-R RemoteFileCopy
Specifies the fully-qualified path name for the remote file copy program to be used by GPFS.
The remote copy command must adhere to the same syntax format as the rcp command, but may
implement an alternate authentication mechanism.
-r RemoteShellCommand
Specifies the fully-qualified path name for the remote shell program to be used by GPFS.
The remote shell command must adhere to the same syntax format as the rsh command, but may
implement an alternate authentication mechanism.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmchcluster command.

Examples

To change the primary GPFS server for the cluster, issue this command:
mmchcluster -p k164n06

The system displays output similar to:

mmchcluster: Command successfully completed

To confirm the change, issue this command:

mmlscluster

100 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

The system displays information similar to:
GPFS cluster information
========================
GPFS cluster name: cluster1.kgn.ibm.com
GPFS cluster id: 680681562214606028
GPFS UID domain: cluster1.kgn.ibm.com
Remote shell command: /usr/bin/rsh
Remote file copy command: /usr/bin/rcp

GPFS cluster configuration servers:

-----------------------------------
Primary server: k164n06.kgn.ibm.com
Secondary server: k164n05.kgn.ibm.com

Node Daemon node name IP address Admin node name Designation

-----------------------------------------------------–-------------
1 k164n04.kgn.ibm.com 198.117.68.68 k164n04.kgn.ibm.com quorum
2 k164n05.kgn.ibm.com 198.117.68.71 k164n05.kgn.ibm.com quorum
3 k164n06.kgn.ibm.com 198.117.68.70 k164sn06.kgn.ibm.com

See also

“mmaddnode Command” on page 77

“mmchnode Command” on page 130

“mmcrcluster Command” on page 138

“mmdelnode Command” on page 182

“mmlscluster Command” on page 228

“mmremotecluster Command” on page 276

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 101

mmchconfig Command
Changes GPFS configuration parameters.

Synopsis

mmchconfig Attribute=value[,Attribute=value...] [-i | -I] [-N {Node[,Node...] | NodeFile | NodeClass}]

Description

Use the mmchconfig command to change the GPFS configuration attributes on a single node, a set of
nodes, or globally for the entire cluster.

The Attribute=value options must come before any operand.

When changing both maxblocksize and pagepool, the command fails unless these conventions are
followed:
v When increasing the values, pagepool must be specified first.
v When decreasing the values, maxblocksize must be specified first.

Results

The configuration is updated on each node in the GPFS cluster.

Parameters
-N {Node[,Node...] | NodeFile | NodeClass}
Specifies the set of nodes to which the configuration changes apply. For general information on
how to specify node names, see “Specifying nodes as input to GPFS commands” on page 3.
| To see a complete list of the attributes for which the -N flag is valid, refer to the "list of
| NodeNames allowed" column of Table 3 on page 9, or check the individual attribute descriptions
| that follow.
This command does not support a NodeClass of mount.

Options
-I Specifies that the changes take effect immediately, but do not persist when GPFS is restarted. This
option is valid only for the dataStructureDump, dmapiEventTimeout, dmapiMountTimeoout,
dmapiSessionFailureTimeout, maxMBpS, pagepool, unmountOnDiskFail, and verbsRdma
attributes.
-i Specifies that the changes take effect immediately and are permanent. This option is valid only
for the dataStructureDump, dmapiEventTimeout, dmapiMountTimeoout,
dmapiSessionFailureTimeout, maxMBpS, pagepool, unmountOnDiskFail, and verbsRdma
attributes.
| Attribute=value
| Specifies the name of the attribute to be changed and its associated value. More than one attribute
| and value pair, in a comma-separated list, can be changed with one invocation of the command.
| To restore the GPFS default setting for any given attribute, specify DEFAULT as its value.
adminMode
Specifies whether all nodes in the cluster will be used for issuing GPFS administration commands
or just a subset of the nodes. Valid values are:

102 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

allToAll
Indicates that all nodes in the cluster will be used for running GPFS administration
commands and that all nodes are able to execute remote commands on any other node in
the cluster without the need of a password.
central
Indicates that only a subset of the nodes will be used for running GPFS commands and
that only those nodes will be able to execute remote commands on the rest of the nodes
in the cluster without the need of a password.
For additional information, see “Requirements for administering a GPFS file system” on page 1.
autoload
Starts GPFS automatically whenever the nodes are rebooted. Valid values are yes or no.
automountDir
Specifies the directory to be used by the Linux automounter for GPFS file systems that are being
mounted automatically. The default directory is /gpfs/automountdir. This parameter does not
apply to AIX and Windows environments.
| The -N flag is valid for this attribute.
cipherList
Controls whether GPFS network communications are secured. If cipherList is not specified, or if
the value DEFAULT is specified, GPFS does not authenticate or check authorization for network
connections. If the value AUTHONLY is specified, GPFS does authenticate and check
authorization for network connections, but data sent over the connection is not protected. Before
setting cipherList for the first time, you must establish a public/private key pair for the cluster
by using the mmauth genkey new command.
GPFS must be down on all the nodes if you are switching from a non-secure environment to a
secure environment and vice versa.
See the Frequently Asked Questions (http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/clresctr/vxrx/
index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.cluster.gpfs.doc/gpfs_faqs/gpfsclustersfaq.html) for a list of the ciphers
supported by GPFS.
cnfsMountdPort
Specifies the port number to be used for rpc.mountd. See General Parallel File System: Advanced
Administration Guide for restrictions and additional information.
cnfsNFSDprocs
Specifies the number of nfsd kernel threads. The default is 32.
cnfsSharedRoot
Specifies a directory in a GPFS file system to be used by the clustered NFS subsystem.
GPFS must be down on all the nodes in the cluster when changing the cnfsSharedRoot attribute.
| The -N flag is valid for this attribute.
See the General Parallel File System: Advanced Administration Guide for restrictions and additional
information.
cnfsVIP
Specifies a virtual DNS name for the list of CNFS IP addresses assigned to the nodes with the
mmchnode command. This allows NFS clients to be distributed among the CNFS nodes using
DNS round robin. For additional Information, see General Parallel File System: Advanced
Administration Guide.
dataStructureDump
Specifies a path for the storage of dumps. The default is to store dumps in /tmp/mmfs. Specify no
to not store dumps.

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 103

It is suggested that you create a directory for the placement of certain problem determination
information. This can be a symbolic link to another location if more space can be found there. Do
not place it in a GPFS file system, because it might not be available if GPFS fails. If a problem
occurs, GPFS may write 200 MB or more of problem determination data into the directory. These
files must be manually removed when problem determination is complete. This should be done
promptly so that a NOSPACE condition is not encountered if another failure occurs.
| The -N flag is valid for this attribute.
| defaultHelperNodes {Node[,Node...] | NodeFile | NodeClass}
| Overrides the default behavior for the -N option on the following commands (all of which use -N
| to identify a set of nodes to do work): “mmadddisk Command” on page 73, “mmapplypolicy
| Command” on page 80, “mmbackup Command” on page 92, “mmchdisk Command” on page
| 112, “mmcheckquota Command” on page 116, “mmdefragfs Command” on page 167,
| “mmdeldisk Command” on page 173, “mmdelsnapshot Command” on page 187, “mmfsck
| Command” on page 204, “mmrestripefs Command” on page 295, and “mmrpldisk Command” on
| page 298.
| NodeClass values are listed in “Specifying nodes as input to GPFS commands” on page 3.

| Note: After defaultHelperNodes has been set, that setting can be overridden by specifying the
| -N flag on any of the above commands.
defaultMountDir
Specifies the default parent directory for GPFS file systems. The default value is /gpfs. If an
explicit mount directory is not provided with the mmcrfs, mmchfs, or mmremotefs command,
the default mount point will be set to DefaultMountDir/DeviceName.
dmapiDataEventRetry
Controls how GPFS handles data events that are enabled again right after the event is handled by
the DMAPI application. Valid values are:
-1 Specifies that GPFS will always regenerate the event as long as it is enabled. This value
should only be used when the DMAPI application recalls and migrates the same file in
parallel by many processes at the same time.
0 Specifies to never regenerate the event. This value should not be used if a file could be
migrated and recalled at the same time.
RetryCount
Specifies the number of times the data event should be retried. The default is 2.
For further information regarding DMAPI for GPFS, see the General Parallel File System: Data
Management API Guide.
dmapiEventTimeout
Controls the blocking of file operation threads of NFS, while in the kernel waiting for the
handling of a DMAPI synchronous event. The parameter value is the maximum time, in
milliseconds, the thread will block. When this time expires, the file operation returns
ENOTREADY, and the event continues asynchronously. The NFS server is expected to repeatedly
retry the operation, which eventually will find the response of the original event and continue.
This mechanism applies only to read, write, and truncate event types, and only when such events
come from NFS server threads. The timeout value is given in milliseconds. The value 0 indicates
immediate timeout (fully asynchronous event). A value greater than or equal to 86400000 (which
is 24 hours) is considered infinity (no timeout, fully synchronous event). The default value is
86400000.
For further information regarding DMAPI for GPFS, see the General Parallel File System: Data
Management API Guide.
| The -N flag is valid for this attribute.

104 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

dmapiMountEvent
Controls the generation of the mount, preunmount, and unmount events. Valid values are:
all mount, preunmount, and unmount events are generated on each node. This is the
default behavior.
SessionNode
mount, preunmount, and unmount events are generated on each node and are delivered
to the session node, but the session node will not deliver the event to the DMAPI
application unless the event is originated from the SessionNode itself.
LocalNode
mount, preunmount, and unmount events are generated only if the node is a session
node.
| The -N flag is valid for this attribute.
For further information regarding DMAPI for GPFS, see the General Parallel File System: Data
Management API Guide.
dmapiMountTimeout
Controls the blocking of mount operations, waiting for a disposition for the mount event to be
set. This timeout is activated, at most once on each node, by the first external mount of a file
system that has DMAPI enabled, and only if there has never before been a mount disposition.
Any mount operation on this node that starts while the timeout period is active will wait for the
mount disposition. The parameter value is the maximum time, in seconds, that the mount
operation will wait for a disposition. When this time expires and there is still no disposition for
the mount event, the mount operation fails, returning the EIO error. The timeout value is given
in full seconds. The value 0 indicates immediate timeout (immediate failure of the mount
operation). A value greater than or equal to 86400 (which is 24 hours) is considered infinity (no
timeout, indefinite blocking until the there is a disposition). The default value is 60.
| The -N flag is valid for this attribute.
For further information regarding DMAPI for GPFS, see the General Parallel File System: Data
Management API Guide.
dmapiSessionFailureTimeout
Controls the blocking of file operation threads, while in the kernel, waiting for the handling of a
DMAPI synchronous event that is enqueued on a session that has experienced a failure. The
parameter value is the maximum time, in seconds, the thread will wait for the recovery of the
failed session. When this time expires and the session has not yet recovered, the event is
cancelled and the file operation fails, returning the EIO error. The timeout value is given in full
seconds. The value 0 indicates immediate timeout (immediate failure of the file operation). A
value greater than or equal to 86400 (which is 24 hours) is considered infinity (no timeout,
indefinite blocking until the session recovers). The default value is 0.
For further information regarding DMAPI for GPFS, see the General Parallel File System: Data
Management API Guide.
| The -N flag is valid for this attribute.
failureDetectionTime
| Indicates to GPFS the amount of time it will take to detect that a node has failed.
| GPFS must be down on all the nodes when changing the failureDetectionTime attribute.
maxblocksize
Changes the maximum file system block size. Valid values are 64 KB, 256 KB, 512 KB, 1 MB, 2
MB, and 4 MB. The default value is 1 MB. Specify this value with the character K or M, for
example 512K.

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 105

File systems with block sizes larger than the specified value cannot be created or mounted unless
the block size is increased.
GPFS must be down on all the nodes when changing the maxblocksize attribute.
| The -N flag is valid for this attribute.
maxFcntlRangesPerFile
Specifies the number of fcntl locks that are allowed per file. The default is 200. The minimum
value is 10 and the maximum value is 200000.
maxFilesToCache
Specifies the number of inodes to cache for recently used files that have been closed.
Storing a file's inode in cache permits faster re-access to the file. The default is 1000, but
increasing this number may improve throughput for workloads with high file reuse. However,
increasing this number excessively may cause paging at the file system manager node. The value
should be large enough to handle the number of concurrently open files plus allow caching of
recently used files.
| The -N flag is valid for this attribute.
maxMBpS
Specifies an estimate of how many megabytes of data can be transferred per second into or out of
a single node. The default is 150 MB per second. The value is used in calculating the amount of
I/O that can be done to effectively prefetch data for readers and write-behind data from writers.
By lowering this value, you can artificially limit how much I/O one node can put on all of the
disk servers.
| The -N flag is valid for this attribute.
maxStatCache
Specifies the number of inodes to keep in the stat cache. The stat cache maintains only enough
inode information to perform a query on the file system. The default value is:
4 × maxFilesToCache
| The -N flag is valid for this attribute.
mmapRangeLock
Specifies POSIX or non-POSIX mmap byte-range semantics. Valid values are yes or no (yes is the
default). A value of yes indicates POSIX byte-range semantics apply to mmap operations. A value
of no indicates non-POSIX mmap byte-range semantics apply to mmap operations.
If using InterProcedural Analysis (IPA), turn this option off:
mmchconfig mmapRangeLock=no -i

This will allow more lenient intranode locking, but impose internode whole file range tokens on
files using mmap while writing.
nsdServerWaitTimeForMount
When mounting a file system whose disks depend on NSD servers, this option specifies the
number of seconds to wait for those servers to come up. The decision to wait is controlled by the
criteria managed by the nsdServerWaitTimeWindowOnMount option.
Valid values are between 0 and 1200 seconds. The default is 300. A value of zero indicates that no
waiting is done. The interval for checking is 10 seconds. If nsdServerWaitTimeForMount is 0,
nsdServerWaitTimeWindowOnMount has no effect.
The mount thread waits when the daemon delays for safe recovery. The mount wait for NSD
servers to come up, which is covered by this option, occurs after expiration of the recovery wait
allows the mount thread to proceed.
| The -N flag is valid for this attribute.

106 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

nsdServerWaitTimeWindowOnMount
Specifies a window of time (in seconds) during which a mount can wait for NSD servers as
described for the nsdServerWaitTimeForMount option. The window begins when quorum is
established (at cluster startup or subsequently), or at the last known failure times of the NSD
servers required to perform the mount.
Valid values are between 1 and 1200 seconds. The default is 600. If nsdServerWaitTimeForMount
is 0, nsdServerWaitTimeWindowOnMount has no effect.
| The -N flag is valid for this attribute.
When a node rejoins the cluster after having been removed for any reason, the node resets all the
failure time values that it knows about. Therefore, when a node rejoins the cluster it believes that
the NSD servers have not failed. From the node's perspective, old failures are no longer relevant.
GPFS checks the cluster formation criteria first. If that check falls outside the window, GPFS then
checks for NSD server fail times being within the window.
pagepool
Changes the size of the cache on each node. The default value is 64 MB. The minimum allowed
| value is 4 MB. The maximum GPFS pagepool size depends on the value of the
| pagepoolMaxPhysMemPct parameter and the amount of physical memory on the node. This
| value can be specified using the suffix K, M, or G; for example, 128M.
| The -N flag is valid for this attribute.
pagepoolMaxPhysMemPct
Percentage of physical memory that can be assigned to the page pool. Valid values are 10 through
90 percent. The default is 75 percent (with the exception of Windows, where the default is 50
percent).
| The -N flag is valid for this attribute.
prefetchThreads
Controls the maximum possible number of threads dedicated to prefetching data for files that are
read sequentially, or to handle sequential write-behind.
Functions in the GPFS daemon dynamically determine the actual degree of parallelism for
prefetching data. The default value is 72. The minimum value is 2. The maximum value of
prefetchThreads plus worker1Threads is:
v 164 on 32-bit kernels
v 550 on 64-bit kernels
| The -N flag is valid for this attribute.
release=LATEST
Changes the GPFS configuration information to the latest format supported by the currently
installed level of GPFS. Perform this operation after all nodes in the GPFS cluster have been
migrated to the latest level of GPFS. For additional information see Completing the migration to a
new level of GPFS in the General Parallel File System: Concepts, Planning and Installation Guide.
This command attempts to access each of the nodes in the cluster to verify the level of the
installed GPFS code. If one or more nodes cannot be reached, you will have to rerun the
command until the information for all nodes can be confirmed.
sidAutoMapRangeLength
Controls the length of the reserved range for Windows SID to UNIX ID mapping. See Identity
management on Windows in the General Parallel File System: Advanced Administration Guide for
additional information.

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 107

sidAutoMapRangeStart
Specifies the start of the reserved range for Windows SID to UNIX ID mapping. See Identity
management on Windows in the General Parallel File System: Advanced Administration Guide for
additional information.
subnets
Specifies subnets used to communicate between nodes in a GPFS cluster or a remote GPFS
cluster.
The subnets option must use the following format:
subnets="Subnet[/ClusterName[;ClusterName...][ Subnet[/ClusterName[;ClusterName...]...]"

The order in which you specify the subnets determines the order that GPFS uses these subnets to
establish connections to the nodes within the cluster. For example, subnets="192.168.2.0" refers to
IP addresses 192.168.2.0 through 192.168.2.255.
This feature cannot be used to establish fault tolerance or automatic failover. If the interface
corresponding to an IP address in the list is down, GPFS does not use the next one on the list.
For more information about subnets, see General Parallel File System: Advanced Administration Guide
and search on Using remote access with public and private IP addresses.
tiebreakerDisks
Controls whether GPFS will use the node quorum with tiebreaker algorithm in place of the
regular node based quorum algorithm. See General Parallel File System: Concepts, Planning, and
Installation Guide and search for node quorum with tiebreaker. To enable this feature, specify the
names of one or three disks. Separate the NSD names with semicolon (;) and enclose the list in
quotes. The disks do not have to belong to any particular file system, but must be directly
accessible from the quorum nodes. For example:
tiebreakerDisks="gpfs1nsd;gpfs2nsd;gpfs3nsd"

To disable this feature, use:

tiebreakerDisks=no
When changing the tiebreakerDisks, GPFS must be down on all nodes in the cluster.
uidDomain
Specifies the UID domain name for the cluster.
GPFS must be down on all the nodes when changing the uidDomain attribute.
A detailed description of the GPFS user ID remapping convention is contained in the UID
Mapping for GPFS in a Multi-Cluster Environment white paper at http://www.ibm.com/systems/
clusters/library/wp_lit.html.
unmountOnDiskFail
Controls how the GPFS daemon will respond when a disk failure is detected. Valid values are yes
or no.
When unmountOnDiskFail is set to no, the daemon marks the disk as failed and continues as
long as it can without using the disk. All nodes that are using this disk are notified of the disk
failure. The disk can be made active again by using the mmchdisk command. This is the
suggested setting when metadata and data replication are used because the replica can be used
until the disk is brought online again.
When unmountOnDiskFail is set to yes, any disk failure will cause only the local node to
force-unmount the file system that contains that disk. Other file systems on this node and other
nodes continue to function normally, if they can. The local node can try and remount the file
system when the disk problem has been resolved. This is the suggested setting when using
SAN-attached disks in large multinode configurations, and when replication is not being used.
This setting should also be used on a node that hosts descOnly disks. See Establishing disaster
recovery for your GPFS cluster in General Parallel File System: Advanced Administration Guide.

108 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

| The -N flag is valid for this attribute.
usePersistentReserve
Specifies whether to enable or disable Persistent Reserve (PR) on the disks. Valid values are yes
or no (no is the default). GPFS must be stopped on all nodes when setting this attribute.
v PR is only supported on AIX nodes.
v PR is only supported on NSDs that are built directly on hdisks.
v The disk subsystem must support PR
v GPFS supports a mix of PR disks and other disks. However, you will only realize improved
failover times if all the disks in the cluster support PR.
v GPFS only supports PR in the home cluster. Remote mounts must access the disks using an
NSD server.
For more information, see Reduced recovery time using Persistent Reserve in the General Parallel File
System: Concepts, Planning, and Installation Guide.
verbsPorts
Specifies the InfiniBand device names and port numbers used for RDMA transfers between an
NSD client and server. You must enable verbsRdma to enable verbsPorts.
The format for verbsPorts is:
verbsPorts="device/port[ device/port ...]"

In this format, device is the HCA device name (such as mthca0) and port is the one-based port
number (such as 1 or 2). If you do not specify a port number, GPFS uses port 1 as the default.
For example:
verbsPorts="mthca0/1 mthca0/2"

will create two RDMA connections between the NSD client and server using both ports of a dual
ported adapter.
| The -N flag is valid for this attribute.
verbsRdma
Enables or disables InfiniBand RDMA using the Verbs API for data transfers between an NSD
client and NSD server. Valid values are enable or disable.
| The -N flag is valid for this attribute.

Note: InfiniBand RDMA for Linux X86_64 is supported only on GPFS V3.2 Multiplatform. For
the latest support information, see the GPFS Frequently Asked Questions at: http://
publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/clresctr/vxrx/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.cluster.gpfs.doc/
gpfs_faqs/gpfsclustersfaq.html.
worker1Threads
Controls the maximum number of concurrent file operations at any one instant. If there are more
requests than that, the excess will wait until a previous request has finished.
This attribute is primarily used for random read or write requests that cannot be pre-fetched,
random I/O requests, or small file activity. The default value is 48. The minimum value is 1. The
maximum value of prefetchThreads plus worker1Threads is:
v 164 on 32-bit kernels
v 550 on 64-bit kernels
| The -N flag is valid for this attribute.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 109

nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmchconfig command.

Examples

To change the maximum file system block size allowed to 4 MB, issue this command:
mmchconfig maxblocksize=4M

The system displays information similar to:

To confirm the change, issue this command:

mmlsconfig

The system displays information similar to:

| Configuration data for cluster ib.cluster:
| ------------------------------------------
| clusterName ib.cluster
| clusterId 13882433899463047326
| autoload no
| minReleaseLevel 3.4.0.0
| dmapiFileHandleSize 32
| maxblocksize 4m
| pagepool 2g
| [c21f1n18]
| pagepool 5g
| [common]
| verbsPorts mthca0/1
| verbsRdma enable
| subnets 10.168.80.0
| adminMode central
|
| File systems in cluster ib.cluster:
| -----------------------------------
| /dev/fs1

See also

“mmaddnode Command” on page 77

“mmchnode Command” on page 130

“mmcrcluster Command” on page 138

“mmdelnode Command” on page 182

“mmlsconfig Command” on page 230

110 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

“mmlscluster Command” on page 228

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 111

mmchdisk Command
Changes state or parameters of one or more disks in a GPFS file system.

Synopsis

mmchdisk Device {suspend | resume | stop | start | change} -d "DiskDesc [;DiskDesc...]" | -F {DescFile}
[-N {Node [,Node...] | NodeFile | NodeClass}]

Or,

mmchdisk Device {resume | start} -a [[-N {Node[,Node...] | NodeFile | NodeClass}]

Description

Use the mmchdisk command to change the state or the parameters of one or more disks in a GPFS file
system.

The state of a disk is a combination of its status and availability, displayed with the mmlsdisk command.
Disk status is normally either ready or suspended. A transitional status such as replacing, replacement,
or being emptied might also appear if a disk is being deleted or replaced. A suspended disk is one that
the user has decided not to place any new data on. Existing data on a suspended disk may still be read
or updated. Typically, a disk is suspended prior to restriping a file system. Suspending a disk tells the
mmrestripefs command that data is to be migrated off that disk. Disk availability is either up or down.

Be sure to use stop before you take a disk offline for maintenance. You should also use stop when a disk
has become temporarily inaccessible due to a disk failure that is repairable without loss of data on that
disk (for example, an adapter failure or a failure of the disk electronics).

The Disk Usage (dataAndMetadata, dataOnly, metadataOnly, or descOnly) and Failure Group parameters
of a disk are adjusted with the change option. See the General Parallel File System: Concepts, Planning, and
Installation Guide and search for recoverability considerations. The mmchdisk change command does not
move data or metadata that resides on the disk. After changing disk parameters, in particular, Disk Usage,
you may have to issue the mmrestripefs command with the -r option to relocate data so that it conforms
to the new disk parameters.

The mmchdisk command can be issued for a mounted or unmounted file system. When maintenance is
complete or the failure has been repaired, use the mmchdisk command with the start option. If the
failure cannot be repaired without loss of data, you can use the mmdeldisk command.

Note:
1. The mmchdisk command cannot be used to change the NSD servers associated with the disk. Use the
mmchnsd command for this purpose.
2. Similarly, the mmchdisk command cannot be used to change the storage pool for the disk. Use the
mmdeldisk and mmadddisk commands to move a disk from one storage pool to another.

112 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Specify only disk names when using the suspend, resume, stop, or start options. Delimit multiple
disk names with semicolons and enclose the list in quotation marks. For example,
"gpfs1nsd;gpfs2nsd"
When using the change option, include the disk name and any new Disk Usage and Failure Group
positional parameter values in the descriptor. Delimit descriptors with semicolons and enclose the
list in quotation marks; for example, "gpfs1nsd:::dataOnly;gpfs2nsd:::metadataOnly:12".
A disk descriptor is defined as (second, third, sixth and sevenths fields reserved):
DiskName:::DiskUsage:FailureGroup:::
DiskName
For a list of disks that belong to a particular file system, issue the mmlsnsd -f, the
mmlsfs -d, or the mmlsdisk command. The mmlsdisk command will also show the
current disk usage and failure group values for each of the disks.
DiskUsage
If a value is not specified, the disk usage remains unchanged:
dataAndMetadata
Indicates that the disk contains both data and metadata. This is the default.
dataOnly
Indicates that the disk contains data and does not contain metadata.
metadataOnly
Indicates that the disk contains metadata and does not contain data.
descOnly
Indicates that the disk contains no data and no file metadata. Such a disk is used
solely to keep a copy of the file system descriptor, and can be used as a third
failure group in certain disaster recovery configurations. For more information,
see General Parallel File System: Advanced Administration and search on Synchronous
mirroring utilizing GPFS replication.
FailureGroup
A number identifying the failure group to which this disk belongs. You can specify any
value from -1 (where -1 indicates that the disk has no point of failure in common with
any other disk) to 4000. If you do not specify a failure group, the value remains
unchanged. GPFS uses this information during data and metadata placement to assure
that no two replicas of the same block are written in such a way as to become
unavailable due to a single disk failure. All disks that are attached to the same NSD
server or adapter should be placed in the same failure group.
-F {DescFile}
Specifies a file containing a list of disk descriptors, one per line.
-a Specifies to change the state of all of the disks belonging to the file system, Device. This operand
is valid only on the resume and start options.
-N {Node[,Node...] | NodeFile | NodeClass }
Specifies a list of nodes that should be used for making the requested disk changes. This
| command supports all defined node classes. The default is all or the current value of the
| defaultHelperNodes parameter of the mmchconfig command.
For general information on how to specify node names, see “Specifying nodes as input to GPFS
commands” on page 3.

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 113

Options
change
Instructs GPFS to change the DiskUsage parameter, the FailureGroup parameter, or both, according
to the values specified in the DiskDesc.
resume
Informs GPFS that a disk previously suspended is now available for allocating new space. If the
disk is currently in a stopped state, it remains stopped until you specify the start option.
Otherwise, normal read and write access to the disk resumes.
start Informs GPFS that disks previously stopped are now accessible. This is accomplished by first
changing the disk availability from down to recovering. The file system metadata is then scanned
and any missing updates (replicated data that was changed while the disk was down) are
repaired. If this operation is successful, the availability is then changed to up. If the metadata
scan fails, availability is set to unrecovered. This could occur if too many other disks are down.
The metadata scan can be re-initiated at a later time by issuing the mmchdisk start command
again.
If more than one disk in the file system is down, they must all be started at the same time by
issuing the mmchdisk Device start -a command. If you start them separately and metadata is
stored on any disk that remains down, the mmchdisk start command fails.
stop Instructs GPFS to stop any attempts to access the specified disks. Use this option to tell the file
system manager that a disk has failed or is currently inaccessible because of maintenance.
A disk remains stopped until it is explicitly started by the mmchdisk command with the start
option. Restarting the GPFS Server daemon or rebooting does not restore normal access to a
stopped disk.
suspend
Instructs GPFS to stop allocating space on the specified disk. Place a disk in this state when you
are preparing to restripe the file system off this disk because of faulty performance. This is a
user-initiated state that GPFS never uses without an explicit command to change disk state.
Existing data on a suspended disk may still be read or updated.
A disk remains suspended until it is explicitly resumed. Restarting GPFS or rebooting nodes does
not restore normal access to a suspended disk.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmchdisk command.

Examples
1. To suspend active disk gpfs2nsd, issue this command:
mmchdisk fs0 suspend -d gpfs2nsd

To confirm the change, issue this command:

mmlsdisk fs0

114 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

The system displays information similar to:
disk driver sector failure holds holds status storage
name type size group metadata data availability pool
--------- ------ ------ ------- ------- ---- ----- --------- ------
gpfs2nsd nsd 512 2 yes yes suspended up system
hd3vsdn01 nsd 512 2 yes yes ready up system
hd27n01 nsd 512 8 yes yes ready up system
hd28n01 nsd 512 8 yes yes ready up system
hd29n01 nsd 512 8 yes yes ready up system
hd10vsdn09 nsd 512 4003 no yes ready up sp1
hd11vsdn10 nsd 512 4003 no yes ready up sp1
2. To specify that metadata should no longer be stored on disk gpfs1nsd, issue this command:
mmchdisk fs0 change -d "gpfs1nsd:::dataOnly"

To confirm the change, issue this command:

mmlsdisk fs0

The system displays information similar to:

disk driver sector failure holds holds status storage
name type size group metadata data availability pool
--------- ------ ------ ------- ------ ---– ----- --------- -------
hd2vsdn01 nsd 512 2 yes yes ready up system
hd3vsdn01 nsd 512 2 yes yes ready up system
hd27n01 nsd 512 8 yes yes ready up system
gpfs1nsd nsd 512 8 no yes ready up system
hd29n01 nsd 512 8 yes yes ready up system
hd10vsdn09 nsd 512 4003 no yes ready up sp1
hd11vsdn10 nsd 512 4003 no yes ready up sp1

See also

“Displaying GPFS disk states” on page 38

“mmadddisk Command” on page 73

“mmchnsd Command” on page 134

“mmdeldisk Command” on page 173

“mmlsdisk Command” on page 232

“mmlsnsd Command” on page 248

“mmrpldisk Command” on page 298

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 115

mmcheckquota Command
Checks file system user, group and fileset quotas.

Synopsis

mmcheckquota [-v] [-N {Node[,Node...] | NodeFile | NodeClass}] {Device [Device...] | -a}

Or,

mmcheckquota {-u UserQuotaFilename | -g GroupQuotaFileName | -j FilesetQuotaFilename} Device

Description

The mmcheckquota command serves two purposes:

1. Count inode and space usage in a file system by user, group and fileset, and write the collected data
into quota files.
2. Replace either the user, group, or fileset quota files, for the file system designated by Device, thereby
restoring the quota files for the file system. These files must be contained in the root directory of
Device. If a backup copy does not exist, an empty file is created when the mmcheckquota command is
issued.

The mmcheckquota command counts inode and space usage for a file system and writes the collected
data into quota files. Indications leading you to the conclusion you should run the mmcheckquota
command include:
v MMFS_QUOTA error log entries. This error log entry is created when the quota manager has a
problem reading or writing the quota file.
v Quota information is lost due to a node failure. A node failure could leave users unable to open files or
deny them disk space that their quotas should allow.
v The in-doubt value is approaching the quota limit.
The sum of the in-doubt value and the current usage may not exceed the hard limit. Consequently, the
actual block space and number of files available to the user of the group may be constrained by the
in-doubt value. Should the in-doubt value approach a significant percentage of the quota, use the
mmcheckquota command to account for the lost space and files.
v User, group, or fileset quota files are corrupted.

The mmcheckquota command is I/O intensive and should be run when the system load is light. When
issuing the mmcheckquota command on a mounted file system, negative in-doubt values may be
reported if the quota server processes a combination of up-to-date and back-level information. This is a
transient situation and may be ignored.

If a file system is ill-replicated, the mmcheckquota command will not be able to determine exactly how
many valid replicas actually exist for some of the blocks. If this happens, the used block count results
from mmcheckquota will not be accurate. It is recommended that you run mmcheckquota to restore
accurate usage count after the file system is no longer ill-replicated.

This command cannot be run from a Windows node.

Parameters
-a Checks all GPFS file systems in the cluster from which the command is issued.
Device The device name of the file system. File system names need not be fully-qualified. fs0 is as
acceptable as /dev/fs0.
-g GroupQuotaFileName
Replace the current group quota file with the file indicated.

116 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

When replacing quota files with the -g option:
v The quota file must be in the root directory of the file system.
v The file system must be unmounted.
-j FilesetQuotaFilename
Replace the current fileset quota file with the file indicated.
When replacing quota files with the -j option:
v The quota file must be in the root directory of the file system.
v The file system must be unmounted.
-N {Node[,Node...] | NodeFile | NodeClass}
Specify the nodes that will participate in a parallel quota check of the system. This command
| supports all defined node classes. The default is all or the current value of the
| defaultHelperNodes parameter of the mmchconfig command.
For general information on how to specify node names, see “Specifying nodes as input to GPFS
commands” on page 3.
-u UserQuotaFilename
Replace the current user quota file with the file indicated.
When replacing quota files with the -u option:
v The quota file must be in the root directory of the file system.
v The file system must be unmounted.

Options
-v Reports discrepancies between calculated and recorded disk quotas.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmcheckquota command.

GPFS must be running on the node from which the mmcheckquota command is issued.

Examples
1. To check quotas for file system fs0, issue this command:
mmcheckquota fs0

The system displays information only if a problem is found.

2. To check quotas for all file systems, issue this command:
mmcheckquota -a

The system displays information only if a problem is found or if quota management is not enabled for
a file system:

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 117

fs2: no quota management installed
fs3: no quota management installed
3. To report discrepancies between calculated and recorded disk quotas, issue this command:
mmcheckquota -v fs1

The system displays information similar to:

fs1: Start quota check
1 % complete on Fri Apr 17 13:07:47 2009
6 % complete on Fri Apr 17 13:07:48 2009
11 % complete on Fri Apr 17 13:07:49 2009
17 % complete on Fri Apr 17 13:07:50 2009
22 % complete on Fri Apr 17 13:07:51 2009
28 % complete on Fri Apr 17 13:07:52 2009
33 % complete on Fri Apr 17 13:07:53 2009
38 % complete on Fri Apr 17 13:07:54 2009
44 % complete on Fri Apr 17 13:07:55 2009
49 % complete on Fri Apr 17 13:07:56 2009
55 % complete on Fri Apr 17 13:07:57 2009
61 % complete on Fri Apr 17 13:07:58 2009
66 % complete on Fri Apr 17 13:07:59 2009
72 % complete on Fri Apr 17 13:08:00 2009
78 % complete on Fri Apr 17 13:08:01 2009
83 % complete on Fri Apr 17 13:08:02 2009
89 % complete on Fri Apr 17 13:08:03 2009
94 % complete on Fri Apr 17 13:08:04 2009
Finished scanning the inodes for fs1.
Merging results from scan.
fs1: quota check found the following differences:
USR 0: 288400 subblocks counted (was 288466); 24 inodes counted (was 81)
USR 60011: 50 subblocks counted (was 33); 2 inodes counted (was 20)
USR 60012: 225 subblocks counted (was 223); 9 inodes counted (was 4)
USR 60013: 175 subblocks counted (was 146); 7 inodes counted (was 26)
USR 60014: 200 subblocks counted (was 178); 8 inodes counted (was 22)
USR 60015: 275 subblocks counted (was 269); 11 inodes counted (was 0)
USR 60019: 0 subblocks counted (was 9); 0 inodes counted (was 5)
USR 60020: 0 subblocks counted (was 1); 0 inodes counted (was 3)
GRP 0: 28845098 subblocks counted (was 28844639); 14 inodes counted (was 91)
FILESET 0: 28849125 subblocks counted (was 28848717); 105 inodes counted (was 24)

See also

“mmedquota Command” on page 199

“mmfsck Command” on page 204

“mmlsquota Command” on page 253

“mmquotaon Command” on page 274

“mmquotaoff Command” on page 272

“mmrepquota Command” on page 282

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

118 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

mmchfileset Command
Changes the attributes of a GPFS fileset.

Synopsis

mmchfileset Device {FilesetName |-J JunctionPath}

{[-j NewFilesetName] [-t NewComment]}

Description

The mmchfileset command changes the name or comment for an existing GPFS fileset.

For information on GPFS filesets, see the GPFS: Advanced Administration Guide.

Parameters
Device The device name of the file system that contains the fileset.
File system names need not be fully-qualified. fs0 is as acceptable as /dev/fs0.
FilesetName
Specifies the name of the fileset.
-J JunctionPath
Specifies the junction path name for the fileset.
A junction is a special directory entry that connects a name in a directory of one fileset to the root
directory of another fileset.
-j NewFilesetName
Specifies the new name that is to be given to the fileset. This name must be less than 256
characters in length. This flag may be specified along with the -t flag.
-t NewComment
Specifies an optional comment that appears in the output of the mmlsfileset command. This
comment must be less than 256 characters in length. This flag may be specified along with the -j
flag.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmchfileset command.

| Examples

| This command renames fileset fs1 to fs2and gives it the comment "first fileset":
| mmchfileset gpfs1 fs1 -j fs2 -t ’first fileset’

| The system displays a message similar to:

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 119

| Fileset ’fs1’ changed.

| To confirm the change, issue this command:

| mmlsfileset gpfs1 -L

| The system displays information similar to:

| Filesets in file system ’gpfs1’:
| Name Id RootInode ParentId Created InodeSpace MaxInodes AllocInodes Comment
| root 0 3 -- Mon Apr 12 16:31:05 2010 0 8001536 8001536 root fileset
| fs2 2 13569 0 Mon Apr 12 16:32:28 2010 0 0 0 first fileset

| See also

“mmdelfileset Command” on page 177

“mmcrfileset Command” on page 142

“mmlinkfileset Command” on page 222

“mmlsfileset Command” on page 235

“mmunlinkfileset Command” on page 315

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

120 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

mmchfs Command
Changes the attributes of a GPFS file system.

Synopsis

mmchfs Device
[-A {yes | no | automount}]
| [-D {posix | nfs4}]
| [-E {yes | no}]
[-k {posix | nfs4 | all}]
[-K {no | whenpossible | always}]
[-m DefaultMetadataReplicas]
| [-n NumNodes]
[-o MountOptions]
| [-Q {yes | no }]
[-r DefaultDataReplicas]
[-S {yes | no}]
[-T Mountpoint]
[-t DriveLetter]
[-V {full | compat}]
[-z {yes | no}]
| [--filesetdf | --nofilesetdf]
| [--inode-limit MaxNumInodes[:NumInodesToPreallocate]]
| [--mount-priority Priority]

Or,

mmchfs Device [-W NewDeviceName]

Description

Use the mmchfs command to change the attributes of a GPFS file system.

Parameters
Device The device name of the file system to be changed.
File system names need not be fully-qualified. fs0 is as acceptable as /dev/fs0. However, file
system names must be unique across GPFS clusters.
This must be the first parameter.

Options
-A {yes | no | automount}
Indicates when the file system is to be mounted:
yes When the GPFS daemon starts.
no Manual mount.
automount
On non-Windows nodes, when the file system is first accessed. On Windows nodes, when
the GPFS daemon starts.

Note: The file system must be unmounted prior to changing the automount settings.
-D {nfs4 | posix}
Specifies whether a 'deny-write open lock' will block writes, which is expected and required by

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 121

NFS V4, Samba, and Windows. File systems supporting NFS V4 must have -D nfs4 set. The
option -D posix allows NFS writes even in the presence of a deny-write open lock. If you intend
to export the file system using NFS V4 or Samba, or mount your file system on Windows, you
must use -D nfs4. For NFS V3 (or if the file system is not NFS exported at all) use -D posix.
-E {yes | no}
Specifies whether to report exact mtime values. If -E no is specified, the mtime value is
periodically updated. If you desire to always display exact modification times, specify the -E yes
option.
-k {posix | nfs4 | all}
Specifies the type of authorization supported by the file system:
posix Traditional GPFS ACLs only (NFS V4 and Windows ACLs are not allowed).
Authorization controls are unchanged from earlier releases.
nfs4 Support for NFS V4 and Windows ACLs only. Users are not allowed to assign traditional
GPFS ACLs to any file system objects (directories and individual files).
all Any supported ACL type is permitted. This includes traditional GPFS (posix) and NFS
V4 and Windows ACLs (nfs4).
The administrator is allowing a mixture of ACL types. For example, fileA may have a
posix ACL, while fileB in the same file system may have an NFS V4 ACL, implying
different access characteristics for each file depending on the ACL type that is currently
assigned.
Avoid specifying nfs4 or all unless files will be exported to NFS V4 or Samba clients, or the file
system will be mounted on Windows. NFS V4 and Windows ACLs affect file attributes (mode)
and have access and authorization characteristics that are different from traditional GPFS ACLs.
-K {no | whenpossible | always}
Specifies whether strict replication is to be enforced:
no Strict replication is not enforced. GPFS will try to create the needed number of replicas,
but will still return EOK as long as it can allocate at least one replica.
whenpossible
Strict replication is enforced provided the disk configuration allows it. If there is only one
failure group, strict replication will not be enforced.
always
Strict replication is enforced.
For more information, see the topic Strict replication in the GPFS: Problem Determination Guide.
-m DefaultMetaDataReplicas
Changes the default number of metadata replicas. Valid values are 1 and 2 but cannot exceed the
values of MaxMetaDataReplicas set when the file system was created.
Changing the default replication settings using the mmchfs command does not change the
replication setting of existing files. After running the mmchfs command, the mmrestripefs
command with the -R option can be used to change all existing files or you can use the mmchattr
command to change a small number of existing files.
-n NumberOfNodes
Specifies the number of nodes for a file system. This setting is just an estimate and will only be
used to affect the layout of system metadata for storage pools created after the setting is changed.

Important: On clusters running GPFS 3.1 or GPFS 3.2, this option should only be used if all the
nodes have installed the code to handle it: 3.1.0.24 or later or 3.2.1.8 or later.

122 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

-o MountOptions
Specifies the mount options to pass to the mount command when mounting the file system. For a
detailed description of the available mount options, see “GPFS-specific mount options” on page
18.
-Q {yes | no}
If -Q yes is specified, quotas are activated automatically when the file system is mounted. If -Q
no is specified, the quota files remain in the file system, but are not used. Before you activate or
deactivate quotas, you must unmount the file system from the cluster.
For additional information, refer to “Enabling and disabling GPFS quota management” on page
43.
-r DefaultDataReplicas
Changes the default number of data replicas. Valid values are 1 and 2 but cannot exceed the
values of MaxDataReplicas set when the file system was created.
Changing the default replication settings using the mmchfs command does not change the
replication setting of existing files. After running the mmchfs command, the mmrestripefs
command with the -R option can be used to change all existing files or you can use the mmchattr
command to change a small number of existing files.
-S {yes | no}
Suppress the periodic updating of the value of atime as reported by the gpfs_stat(), gpfs_fstat(),
stat(), and fstat() calls. If yes is specified these calls report the last time the file was accessed
when the file system was mounted with the -S no option.
-t DriveLetter
Changes the Windows drive letter for the file system.
The file system must be unmounted on all nodes prior to issuing the command.
-T Mountpoint
Change the mount point of the file system starting at the next mount of the file system.
The file system must be unmounted on all nodes prior to issuing the command.
-V {full | compat}
Changes the file system format to the latest format supported by the currently installed level of
GPFS. This may cause the file system to become permanently incompatible with earlier releases of
GPFS.

Note: The -V option cannot be used to make file systems created prior to GPFS 3.2.1.5 available
to Windows nodes. Windows nodes can mount only file systems that are created with GPFS
3.2.1.5 or later.
Before issuing the -V option, see the Migration, coexistence and compatibility topic in the General
Parallel File System: Concepts, Planning, and Installation Guide. You must ensure that all nodes in the
cluster have been migrated to the latest level of GPFS code and that you have successfully run
the mmchconfig release=LATEST command.
For information about specific file system format and function changes when upgrading to the
current release, see Chapter 12, “File system format changes between versions of GPFS,” on page
469.
full Enables all new functionality that requires different on-disk data structures. Nodes in
remote clusters running an older GPFS version will no longer be able to mount the file
system. If there are any nodes running an older GPFS version that have the file system
mounted at the time the command is issued, the mmchfs command will fail.
compat
Enables only backwardly compatible format changes. Nodes in remote clusters that are

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 123

running GPFS 3.2 will still be able to mount the file system. Nodes running GPFS 3.1 or
earlier will no longer be able to mount the file system.
-W NewDeviceName
Assign NewDeviceName to be the device name for the file system.
-z {yes | no}
Enable or disable DMAPI on the file system. Turning this option on will require an external data
management application such as Tivoli Storage Manager (TSM) hierarchical storage management
(HSM) before the file system can be mounted. For further information on DMAPI for GPFS, see
the General Parallel File System: Data Management API Guide.
| --filesetdf | --nofilesetdf
When this option is enabled and quotas are enforced for a fileset, the df command reports
| numbers based on the quotas for the fileset and not for the total file system.
| --inode-limit MaxNumInodes[:NumInodesToPreallocate]
MaxNumInodes specifies the maximum number of files that can be created. Allowable values
range from the current number of created inodes (determined by issuing the mmdf command
with the -F option), through the maximum number of files possibly supported as constrained by
the formula:
maximum number of files = (total file system space) / (inode size + subblock size)
If your file system has additional disks added or the number of inodes was insufficiently sized at
file system creation, you can change the number of inodes and hence the maximum number of
files that can be created.
For file systems that will be doing parallel file creates, if the total number of free inodes is not
greater than 5% of the total number of inodes, there is the potential for slowdown in file system
access. Take this into consideration when changing your file system.
NumInodesToPreallocate specifies the number of inodes that will be pre-allocated by the system
right away. If this number is not specified, GPFS allocates inodes dynamically as needed.
The MaxNumInodes and NumInodesToPreallocate values can be specified with a suffix, for example
100K or 2M.
| --mount-priority Priority
Controls the order in which the individual file systems are mounted at daemon startup or when
one of the all keywords is specified on the mmmount command.
File systems with higher Priority numbers are mounted after file systems with lower numbers.
File systems that do not have mount priorities are mounted last. A value of zero indicates no
| priority.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmchfs command.

124 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Examples

To change the default replicas for metadata to 2 and the default replicas for data to 2 for new files created
in the fs0 file system, issue this command:
mmchfs fs0 -m 2 -r 2

To confirm the change, issue this command:

mmlsfs fs0 -m -r

The system displays information similar to:

flag value description
---- -------------- -----------------------------------
-m 2 Default number of metadata replicas
-r 2 Default number of data replicas

See also

“mmcrfs Command” on page 144

“mmdelfs Command” on page 180

“mmdf Command” on page 189

“mmfsck Command” on page 204

“mmlsfs Command” on page 238

“mmrestripefs Command” on page 295

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 125

mmchlicense Command
Controls the type of GPFS license associated with the nodes in the cluster.

Synopsis

mmchlicense {server | client} [--accept] -N {Node[,Node...] | NodeFile | NodeClass}

Description

Use the mmchlicense command to change the type of GPFS license associated with the nodes in the
cluster.

For information on GPFS license designation, see the topic "GPFS license designation" in the GPFS:
Concepts, Planning, and Installation Guide.

Parameters
server | client
The type of GPFS license to be assigned to the nodes specified with the -N parameter.
server
The GPFS server license permits the licensed node to mount GPFS file systems and access
data from operating system block devices. The GPFS server license permits the licensed
node to perform GPFS management functions such as cluster configuration manager,
quorum node, manager node, and NSD server.
The GPFS server license also permits the licensed node to share GPFS data through any
application, service, protocol, or method, such as Network File System (NFS), Common
Internet File System (CIFS), File Transfer Protocol (FTP), or Hypertext Transfer Protocol
(HTTP).
client The GPFS client license permits a node to mount GPFS file systems and access data from
operating system block devices as well as NSD servers.
The GPFS client license only permits exchange of data between nodes that locally mount
the same file system. No other export of the data is permitted.
--accept
Indicates that you accept the applicable licensing terms. The license acceptance prompt will be
suppressed.
-N {Node[,Node...] | NodeFile | NodeClass}
Specifies the nodes that are to be assigned the specified license type. For general information on
how to specify node names, see “Specifying nodes as input to GPFS commands” on page 3.

Options

NONE

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmchlicense command.

126 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Examples

To designate nodes k145n04 and k145n05 as possessing a GPFS server license, issue this command:
mmchlicense server --accept -N k145n04,k145n05

The system displays information similar to:

The following nodes will be designated as possessing GPFS server licenses:
k145n04.kgn.ibm.com
k145n05.kgn.ibm.com
mmchlicense: Command successfully completed
mmchlicense: Propagating the cluster configuration data to all affected nodes.
This is an asynchronous process.

See also

“mmlslicense Command” on page 242

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 127

mmchmgr Command
Assigns a new file system manager node or cluster manager node.

Synopsis

mmchmgr {Device | -c} [Node]

Description

The mmchmgr command assigns a new file system manager node or cluster manager node.

Parameters
Device The device name of the file system for which the file system manager node is to be changed. File
system names need not be fully-qualified. fs0 is just as acceptable as /dev/fs0.
-c Changes the cluster manager node.
Node
The target node to be appointed as either the new file system manager or cluster manager node.
Target nodes for manager functions are selected according to use:
v Target nodes for cluster manager function must be specified from the list of quorum nodes
v Target nodes for file system manager function should be specified from the list of manager
nodes
If Node is not specified, the new manager is selected automatically.
For general information on how to specify node names, see “Specifying nodes as input to GPFS
commands” on page 3.

Options

NONE

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmchmgr command.

Examples
1. Assume the file system manager for the file system gpfs1 is currently k164n05. To migrate the file
system manager responsibilities to k164n06, issue this command:
mmchmgr gpfs1 k164n06
The system displays information similar to:
GPFS: 6027-628 Sending migrate request to current manager node
89.116.68.69 (k164n05).
GPFS: 6027-629 Node 89.116.68.69 (k164n05) resigned as manager for gpfs1
GPFS: 6027-630 Node 89.116.68.70 (k164n06) appointed as manager for gpfs1

128 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

To verify the change, issue the command:
mmlsmgr gpfs1

The system displays information similar to:

file system manager node [from 89.116.68.69 (k164n06)]
---------------- ------------------
gpfs1 89.116.68.69 (k164n06)
2. To change the cluster manager node, issue the command:
mmchmgr -c c5n107
The system displays information similar to:
Appointing node 9.114.132.107 (c5n107) as cluster manager
Node 9.114.132.107 (c5n107) has taken over as cluster manager

To verify the change, issue the command:

mmlsmgr -c

The system displays information similar to:

Cluster manager node: 9.114.132.107 (c5n107)

See also

“mmlsmgr Command” on page 244

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 129

mmchnode Command
Changes node attributes.

Synopsis

mmchnode change-options -N{Node[,Node...] | NodeFile | NodeClass}

Or,

mmchnode {-S Filename | --spec-file=Filename}

Description

Use the mmchnode command to change one or more attributes on a single node or on a set of nodes. If
conflicting node designation attributes are specified for a given node, the last value is used. If any of the
attributes represent a node-unique value, the -N option must resolve to a single node.

Parameters
-N { Node[,Node...] | NodeFile | NodeClass}
Specifies the nodes whose states are to be changed.
For general information on how to specify node names, see “Specifying nodes as input to GPFS
commands” on page 3.
-S Filename | --spec-file=Filename
Specifies a file with a detailed description of the changes to be made. Each line represents the
changes to an individual node and has the following format:
node-identifier change-options
change-options
A blank-separated list of attribute[=value] pairs. The following attributes can be specified:
--admin-interface={hostname | ip_address}
Specifies the name of the node to be used by GPFS administration commands when
communicating between nodes. The admin node name must be specified as an IP address
or a hostname that is resolved by the host command to the desired IP address. If the
keyword DEFAULT is specified, the admin interface for the node is set to be equal to the
daemon interface for the node.
--client
Specifies that the node should not be part of the pool of nodes from which cluster
managers, file system managers, and token managers are selected.
--cnfs-disable
Disables the CNFS functionality of a CNFS member node.
--cnfs-enable
Enables a previously-disabled CNFS member node.
--cnfs-groupid=groupid
Specifies a failover recovery group for the node. If the keyword DEFAULT is specified,
the CNFS recovery group for the node is set to zero.
For additional information, refer to "Implementing a clustered NFS using GPFS on Linux"
in the GPFS: Advanced Administration Guide.
--cnfs-interface=ip_address_list
A comma-separated list of host names or IP addresses to be used for GPFS cluster NFS
serving.

130 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

The specified IP addresses can be real or virtual (aliased). These addresses must be
configured to be static (not DHCP) and to not start at boot time.
The GPFS daemon interface for the node cannot be a part of the list of CNFS IP
addresses.
If the keyword DEFAULT is specified, the CNFS IP address list is removed and the node
is no longer considered a member of CNFS.
If adminMode central is in effect for the cluster, all CNFS member nodes must be able to
execute remote commands without the need for a password.
For additional information, refer to "Implementing a clustered NFS using GPFS on Linux"
in the GPFS: Advanced Administration Guide.
--daemon-interface={hostname | ip_address}
Specifies the host name or IP address to be used by the GPFS daemons for node-to-node
communication. The host name or IP address must refer to the communication adapter
over which the GPFS daemons communicate. Alias interfaces are not allowed. Use the
original address or a name that is resolved by the host command to that original address.
When changing the daemon interface, GPFS must be stopped on all nodes in the cluster.
The keyword DEFAULT is not allowed for this attribute.
--manager
Designates the node as part of the pool of nodes from which cluster managers, file
system managers, and token managers are selected.
--nonquorum
Designates the node as a non-quorum node. If two or more quorum nodes are
downgraded at the same time, GPFS must be stopped on all nodes in the cluster. GPFS
does not have to be stopped if the nodes are downgraded one at a time.
--nosnmp-agent
Stops the SNMP subagent and specifies that the node should no longer serve as an SNMP
collector node. For additional information see the topic "GPFS SNMP support" in the
General Parallel File System: Advanced Administration Guide.
--quorum
Designates the node as a quorum node.

Note: If you are designating a node as a quorum node, and adminMode central is in
effect for the cluster, you must ensure that GPFS is up and running on that node
(mmgetstate reports the state of the node as active).
--snmp-agent
Designates the node as an SNMP collector node. If the GPFS daemon is active on this
node, the SNMP subagent will be started as well. For additional information see the topic
"GPFS SNMP support" in the General Parallel File System: Advanced Administration Guide.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmchnode command.

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 131

Examples
1. To change nodes k145n04 and k145n05 to be both quorum and manager nodes, issue this command:
mmchnode --quorum --manager -N k145n04,k145n05

The system displays information similar to:

Wed May 16 04:50:24 EDT 2007: mmchnode: Processing node k145n04.kgn.ibm.com
Wed May 16 04:50:24 EDT 2007: mmchnode: Processing node k145n05.kgn.ibm.com
mmchnode: Propagating the cluster configuration data to all affected nodes.
This is an asynchronous process.

After completion, mmlscluster displays information similar to:

GPFS cluster information
========================
GPFS cluster name: mynodes.kgn.ibm.com
GPFS cluster id: 680681553700098206
GPFS UID domain: mynodes.kgn.ibm.com
Remote shell command: /usr/bin/rsh
Remote file copy command: /usr/bin/rcp

GPFS cluster configuration servers:

-----------------------------------
Primary server: k145n04.kgn.ibm.com
Secondary server: k145n06.kgn.ibm.com

Node Daemon node name IP address Admin node name Designation

---------------------------------------------------------------------
1 k145n04.kgn.ibm.com 9.114.68.68 k145n04.kgn.ibm.com quorum-manager
2 k145n05.kgn.ibm.com 9.114.68.69 k145n05.kgn.ibm.com quorum-manager
3 k145n06.kgn.ibm.com 9.114.68.70 k145n06.kgn.ibm.com
2. To change nodes k145n04 and k145n05 to be both quorum and manager nodes, and node k45n06 to be
a non-quorum node, issue this command:
mmchnode -S /tmp/specFile

Where the contents of /tmp/specFile are:

k145n04 --quorum --manager
k145n05 --quorum --manager
k145n06 --nonquorum
The system displays information similar to:
Wed May 16 05:23:31 EDT 2007: mmchnode: Processing node k145n04
Wed May 16 05:23:32 EDT 2007: mmchnode: Processing node k145n05
Wed May 16 05:23:32 EDT 2007: mmchnode: Processing node k145n06
Verifying GPFS is stopped on all nodes ...
mmchnode: Propagating the cluster configuration data to all
affected nodes. This is an asynchronous process.

And mmlscluster displays information similar to:

GPFS cluster configuration servers:

-----------------------------------

132 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Primary server: k145n04.kgn.ibm.com
Secondary server: k145n06.kgn.ibm.com

Node Daemon node name IP address Admin node name Designation

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1 k145n04.kgn.ibm.com 9.114.68.68 k145n04.kgn.ibm.com quorum-manager
2 k145n05.kgn.ibm.com 9.114.68.69 k145n05.kgn.ibm.com quorum-manager
3 k145n06.kgn.ibm.com 9.114.68.70 k145n06.kgn.ibm.com

See also

“mmchconfig Command” on page 102

“mmlscluster Command” on page 228

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 133

mmchnsd Command
Changes Network Shared Disk (NSD) configuration parameters.

Synopsis

mmchnsd {"DiskDesc[;DiskDesc...]" | -F DescFile}

Description

The mmchnsd command serves several purposes. You can use it to:
v Specify a server list for an NSD that does not have one.
v Change the NSD server nodes specified in the server list.
v Delete the server list. The disk must now be SAN-attached to all nodes in the cluster on which the file
system will be mounted.

You must follow these rules when changing NSDs:

v Identify the disks by the NSD names that were given to them by the mmcrnsd command.
v Explicitly specify values for all NSD servers on the list even if you are only changing one of the values.
v Unmount the file system that contains the NSD being changed prior to issuing the mmchnsd
command.
v Connect the NSD to the new nodes prior to issuing the mmchnsd command.
v mmchnsd cannot change the DiskUsage or FailureGroup for an NSD. Use the mmchdisk command to
change these attributes.
v To move a disk from one storage pool to another, use the mmdeldisk and mmadddisk commands.
v You cannot change the name of the NSD.

Parameters
DiskDesc
A descriptor for each NSD to be changed. Each descriptor is separated by a semicolon (;). The
entire list must be enclosed in single or double quotation marks.
-F DescFile
Specifies a file containing a list of disk descriptors, one per line.
Each disk descriptor must be specified in the form:
DiskName:ServerList
DiskName
Is the NSD name that was given to the disk by the mmcrnsd command.
ServerList
Is a comma-separated list of NSD server nodes. You can specify up to eight NSD servers
in this list. The defined NSD will preferentially use the first server on the list. If the first
server is not available, the NSD will use the next available server on the list.
When specifying server nodes for your NSDs, the output of the mmlscluster command
lists the host name and IP address combinations recognized by GPFS. The utilization of
aliased host names not listed in the mmlscluster command output may produce
undesired results.
If you do not define a ServerList, GPFS assumes that the disk is SAN-attached to all nodes
in the cluster. If all nodes in the cluster do not have access to the disk, or if the file
system to which the disk belongs is to be accessed by other GPFS clusters, you must
specify a value for ServerList.

134 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

To remove the NSD server list, do not specify a value for ServerList.
For general information on how to specify node names, see “Specifying nodes as input to GPFS
commands” on page 3.

Options

NONE

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmchnsd command.

Examples

If the disk gpfs1nsd is currently defined with k145n05 as the first server and k145n07 as the second
server, and you want to replace k145n05 with k145n09, issue this command:
mmchnsd "gpfs1nsd:k145n09,k145n07"

To confirm the changes, issue this command:

mmlsnsd -d gpfs1nsd

The system displays information similar to:

File system Disk name NSD servers
---------------------------------------------------------------------
fs2 gpfs1nsd k145n09.ppd.pok.ibm.com,k145n07.ppd.pok.ibm.com

See also

“mmchdisk Command” on page 112

“mmcrcluster Command” on page 138

“mmcrnsd Command” on page 151

“mmlsnsd Command” on page 248

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 135

mmchpolicy Command
Establishes policy rules for a GPFS file system.

Synopsis

mmchpolicy Device PolicyFileName [-t DescriptiveName ] [-I {yes | test} ]

Description

Use the mmchpolicy command to establish the rules for policy-based lifecycle management of the files in
a given GPFS file system. Some of the things that can be controlled with the help of policy rules are:
v File placement at creation time
v Replication factors
v Movement of data between storage pools
v File deletion
The mmapplypolicy command must be run to move data between storage pools or delete files.

Policy changes take effect immediately on all nodes that have the affected file system mounted. For nodes
that do not have the file system mounted, policy changes take effect upon the next mount of the file
system.

For information on GPFS policies, see the GPFS: Advanced Administration Guide.

Parameters
Device Specifies the device name of the file system for which policy information is to be established or
changed. File system names need not be fully-qualified. fs0 is just as acceptable as /dev/fs0. This
must be the first parameter.
PolicyFileName
Specifies the name of the file that contains the policy rules. If you specify DEFAULT, GPFS
replaces the current policy file with a single policy rule that assigns all newly-created files to the
system storage pool.

Options
-I {yes | test}
Specifies whether to activate the rules in the policy file PolicyFileName.
yes The policy rules are validated and immediately activated. This is the default.
test The policy rules are validated, but not installed.
-t DescriptiveName
Specifies an optional descriptive name to be associated with the policy rules. The string must be
less than 256 characters in length. If not specified, the descriptive name defaults to the base name
portion of the PolicyFileName parameter.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

136 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmchpolicy command.

Examples
1. This command validates a policy before it is installed:
mmchpolicy fs2 policyfile -I test

The system displays output similar to:

Validated policy `policyfile’: parsed 3 Placement Rules, 0 Restore Rules, \
3 Migrate/Delete/Exclude Rules,
0 List Rules, 0 External Pool/List Rules
2. This command installs a policy:
mmchpolicy fs2 policyfile

The system displays output similar to:

Policy `policyfile’ installed and broadcast to all nodes.
Validated policy `description here’: parsed 1 Placement Rules, 0 Restore Rules, \
0 Migrate/Delete/Exclude Rules, List Rules, 0 External Pool/List Rules
To confirm the change, issue this command:
mmlspolicy fs2

The system displays output similar to:

Policy file for file system ’/dev/fs2’:
Installed by [email protected] on Mon Dec 12
16:56:31 2005.
First line from original file ’policyfile’ was:
/* This is the policy for the fs2 GPFS file system. */

See also

“mmapplypolicy Command” on page 80

“mmlspolicy Command” on page 251

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 137

mmcrcluster Command
Creates a GPFS cluster from a set of nodes.

Synopsis

mmcrcluster -N {NodeDesc[,NodeDesc...] | NodeFile} -p PrimaryServer [-s SecondaryServer] [-r

RemoteShellCommand] [-R RemoteFileCopyCommand] [-C ClusterName] [-U DomainName] [-A] [-c ConfigFile]

Description

Use the mmcrcluster command to create a GPFS cluster.

Upon successful completion of the mmcrcluster command, the /var/mmfs/gen/mmsdrfs and the
/var/mmfs/gen/mmfsNodeData files are created on each of the nodes in the cluster. Do not delete these
files under any circumstances. For more information, see the Quorum topic in the GPFS: Concepts,
Planning, and Installation Guide.

Follow these rules when creating your GPFS cluster:

v While a node may mount file systems from multiple clusters, the node itself may only be added to a
single cluster using the mmcrcluster or mmaddnode command.
v The nodes must be available for the command to be successful. If any of the nodes listed are not
available when the command is issued, a message listing those nodes is displayed. You must correct
the problem on each node and issue the mmaddnode command to add those nodes.
v Designate at least one but not more than seven nodes as quorum nodes. You are strongly advised to
designate the cluster configuration servers as quorum nodes. How many quorum nodes altogether you
will have depends on whether you intend to use the node quorum with tiebreaker algorithm or the
regular node based quorum algorithm. For more information, see the Quorum topic in the GPFS:
Concepts, Planning, and Installation Guide.
v After the nodes are added to the cluster, use the mmchlicense command to designate appropriate
GPFS licenses to the new nodes.
v Clusters that will include both UNIX and Windows nodes must use ssh and scp for the remote shell
and copy commands. For more information, see the Installing and configuring OpenSSH topic in the
GPFS: Concepts, Planning, and Installation Guide.

Parameters
-A Specifies that GPFS daemons are to be automatically started when nodes come up. The default is
not to start daemons automatically.
-C ClusterName
Specifies a name for the cluster. If the user-provided name contains dots, it is assumed to be a
fully qualified domain name. Otherwise, to make the cluster name unique, the domain of the
primary configuration server will be appended to the user-provided name.
If the -C flag is omitted, the cluster name defaults to the name of the primary GPFS cluster
configuration server.
-c ConfigFile
Specifies a file containing GPFS configuration parameters with values different than the
documented defaults. A sample file can be found in /usr/lpp/mmfs/samples/mmfs.cfg.sample. See
the mmchconfig command for a detailed description of the different configuration parameters.
The -c ConfigFile parameter should be used only by experienced administrators. Use this file to
set up only those parameters that appear in the mmfs.cfg.sample file. Changes to any other
values may be ignored by GPFS. When in doubt, use the mmchconfig command instead.

138 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

-N NodeDesc[,NodeDesc...] | NodeFile
Specifies node descriptors, which provide information about nodes to be added to the cluster.
NodeFile
Specifies a file containing a list of node descriptors (see below), one per line, to be added
to the cluster.
NodeDesc[,NodeDesc...]
Specifies the list of nodes and node designations to be added to the GPFS cluster. Node
descriptors are defined as:
NodeName:NodeDesignations:AdminNodeName

where:
NodeName
Specifies the host name or IP address of the node for GPFS daemon-to-daemon
communication. For hosts with multiple adapters, see the GPFS: Advanced
Administration Guide and search on Using remote access with public and private IP
addresses.
The host name or IP address must refer to the communication adapter over
which the GPFS daemons communicate. Aliased interfaces are not allowed. Use
the original address or a name that is resolved by the host command to that
original address. You can specify a node using any of these forms:
v Short host name (for example, h135n01)
v Long, fully-qualified, host name (for example, h135n01.ibm.com)
v IP address (for example, 7.111.12.102)
Regardless of which form you use, GPFS will resolve the input to a host name
and an IP address and will store these in its configuration files. It is expected that
those values will not change while the node belongs to the cluster.
NodeDesignations
An optional, "-" separated list of node roles:
v manager | client – Indicates whether a node is part of the node pool from
which file system managers and token managers can be selected. The default is
client.
v quorum | nonquorum – Indicates whether a node is counted as a quorum
node. The default is nonquorum.
AdminNodeName
Specifies an optional field that consists of a node name to be used by the
administration commands to communicate between nodes. If AdminNodeName is
not specified, the NodeName value is used.
You must provide a NodeDesc for each node to be added to the GPFS cluster.
-p PrimaryServer
Specifies the primary GPFS cluster configuration server node used to store the GPFS
configuration data. This node must be a member of the GPFS cluster.
-R RemoteFileCopy
Specifies the fully-qualified path name for the remote file copy program to be used by GPFS. The
default value is /usr/bin/rcp.
The remote copy command must adhere to the same syntax format as the rcp command, but may
implement an alternate authentication mechanism.
-r RemoteShellCommand
Specifies the fully-qualified path name for the remote shell program to be used by GPFS. The
default value is /usr/bin/rsh.
Chapter 8. GPFS commands 139
The remote shell command must adhere to the same syntax format as the rsh command, but may
implement an alternate authentication mechanism.
-s SecondaryServer
Specifies the secondary GPFS cluster configuration server node used to store the GPFS cluster
data. This node must be a member of the GPFS cluster.
It is suggested that you specify a secondary GPFS cluster configuration server to prevent the loss
of configuration data in the event your primary GPFS cluster configuration server goes down.
When the GPFS daemon starts up, at least one of the two GPFS cluster configuration servers
must be accessible.
If your primary GPFS cluster configuration server fails and you have not designated a secondary
server, the GPFS cluster configuration files are inaccessible, and any GPFS administration
commands that are issued fail. File system mounts or daemon startups also fail if no GPFS cluster
configuration server is available.
-U DomainName
Specifies the UID domain name for the cluster.
A detailed description of the GPFS user ID remapping convention is contained in UID Mapping
for GPFS In a Multi-Cluster Environment at www.ibm.com/servers/eserver/clusters/library/
wp_aix_lit.html.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmcrcluster command.

Examples

To create a GPFS cluster made of all of the nodes listed in the file /u/admin/nodelist, using node k164n05
as the primary server, and node k164n04 as the secondary server, issue:
mmcrcluster -N /u/admin/nodelist -p k164n05 -s k164n04

where /u/admin/nodelist has these contents:

k164n04.kgn.ibm.com:quorum
k164n05.kgn.ibm.com:quorum
k164n06.kgn.ibm.com

The output of the command is similar to:

140 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

| mmcrcluster: Warning: Not all nodes have proper
| GPFS license designations.
| Use the mmchlicense command to designate
| licenses as needed.

To confirm the creation, issue this command:

mmlscluster

The system displays information similar to:

GPFS cluster information
========================
GPFS cluster name: k164n05.kgn.ibm.com
GPFS cluster id: 680681562214606028
GPFS UID domain: k164n05.kgn.ibm.com
Remote shell command: /usr/bin/rsh
Remote file copy command: /usr/bin/rcp

GPFS cluster configuration servers:

-----------------------------------
Primary server: k164n05.kgn.ibm.com
Secondary server: k164n04.kgn.ibm.com

Node Daemon node name IP address Admin node name Designation

---------------------------------------------------------------------
1 k164n04.kgn.ibm.com 198.117.68.68 k164n04.kgn.ibm.com quorum
2 k164n05.kgn.ibm.com 198.117.68.71 k164n05.kgn.ibm.com quorum
3 k164n06.kgn.ibm.com 198.117.68.70 k164n06.kgn.ibm.com

See also

“mmaddnode Command” on page 77

“mmchconfig Command” on page 102

“mmdelnode Command” on page 182

“mmlscluster Command” on page 228

“mmlsconfig Command” on page 230

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 141

mmcrfileset Command
Creates a GPFS fileset.

Synopsis

| mmcrfileset Device FilesetName [-t Comment]

Description

The mmcrfileset command constructs a new fileset with the specified name. The new fileset is empty
except for a root directory, and does not appear in the directory name space until the mmlinkfileset
command is issued. The mmcrfileset command is separate from the mmlinkfileset command to allow
the administrator to establish policies and quotas on the fileset before it is linked into the name space.

For information on GPFS filesets, see the GPFS: Advanced Administration Guide.

| The maximum number of filesets that GPFS supports is 10,000 filesets per file system.

Parameters
Device The device name of the file system to contain the new fileset.
File system names need not be fully-qualified. fs0 is as acceptable as /dev/fs0.
FilesetName
Specifies the name of the newly created fileset.
-t Comment
Specifies an optional comment that appears in the output of the mmlsfileset command. This
comment must be less than 256 characters in length.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmcrfileset command.

Examples
1. This example creates two filesets in file system gpfs1:
mmcrfileset gpfs1 fset1

The system displays output similar to:

Fileset ’fset1’ created.
| 2. This example adds fset2 in file system gpfs1 with the comment "another fileset":
| mmcrfileset gpfs1 fset2 -t "another fileset"

| The system displays output similar to:

| Fileset ’fset2’ created.

142 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

| To confirm the change, issue this command:
| mmlsfileset gpfs1 -L

| The system displays output similar to:

| Filesets in file system ’gpfs1’:
| Name Id RootInode ParentId Created InodeSpace MaxInodes AllocInodes Comment
| root 0 3 -- Mon Apr 12 16:31:05 2010 0 8001536 8001536 root fileset
| fset1 1 13568 0 Mon Apr 12 16:32:28 2010 0 0 0
| fset2 2 13569 0 Mon Apr 12 16:32:28 2010 0 0 0 another fileset

| See also

| “mmchfileset Command” on page 119

| “mmdelfileset Command” on page 177

| “mmlinkfileset Command” on page 222

| “mmlsfileset Command” on page 235

| “mmunlinkfileset Command” on page 315

| Location

| /usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 143

|
| mmcrfs Command
| Creates a GPFS file system.

| Synopsis

| mmcrfs Device {"DiskDesc[;DiskDesc...]" | -F DescFile}

| [-A {yes | no | automount}]
| [-D {nfs4 | posix}]
| [-B BlockSize]
| [-E {yes | no}]
| [-j {cluster | scatter}]
| [-k {posix | nfs4 | all}]
| [-K {no | whenpossible | always}]
| [-L LogFileSize]
| [-m DefaultMetadataReplicas]
| [-M MaxMetadataReplicas]
| [-n NumNodes]
| [-Q {yes | no}]
| [-r DefaultDataReplicas]
| [-R MaxDataReplicas]
| [-S {yes | no}]
| [-t DriveLetter]
| [-T MountPoint]
| [-v {yes | no}]
| [-z {yes | no}]
| [--filesetdf | --nofilesetdf ]
| [--inode-limit MaxNumInodes[:NumInodesToPreallocate]]
| [--mount-priority Priority]
| [--version VersionString]

Description

Use the mmcrfs command to create a GPFS file system. The first two parameters must be Device and
either DiskDescList or DescFile and they must be in that order. The block size and replication factors
chosen affect file system performance. A maximum of 256 file systems can be mounted in a GPFS cluster
at one time, including remote file systems.

When deciding on the maximum number of files (number of inodes) in a file system, consider that for
file systems that will be doing parallel file creates, if the total number of free inodes is not greater than
5% of the total number of inodes, there is the potential for slowdown in file system access. The total
number of inodes can be increased using the mmchfs command.

When deciding on a block size for a file system, consider these points:
1. Supported block sizes are 16 KB, 64 KB, 128 KB, 256 KB, 512 KB, 1 MB, 2 MB, and 4 MB.
2. The GPFS block size determines:
v The minimum disk space allocation unit. The minimum amount of space that file data can occupy
is a sub-block. A sub-block is 1/32 of the block size.
v The maximum size of a read or write request that GPFS sends to the underlying disk driver.
3. From a performance perspective, it is recommended that you set the GPFS block size to match the
application buffer size, the RAID stripe size, or a multiple of the RAID stripe size. If the GPFS block
size does not match the RAID stripe size, performance may be severely degraded, especially for write
operations.

144 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

4. In file systems with a high degree of variance in the size of files within the file system, using a small
block size would have a large impact on performance when accessing large files. In this kind of
system it is suggested that you use a block size of 256 KB (8 KB sub-block). Even if only 1% of the
files are large, the amount of space taken by the large files usually dominates the amount of space
used on disk, and the waste in the sub-block used for small files is usually insignificant. For further
performance information, see the GPFS white papers at http://www.ibm.com/systems/clusters/
library/wp_lit.html.
5. The effect of block size on file system performance largely depends on the application I/O pattern.
v A larger block size is often beneficial for large sequential read and write workloads.
v A smaller block size is likely to offer better performance for small file, small random read and
write, and metadata-intensive workloads.
6. The efficiency of many algorithms that rely on caching file data in a GPFS page pool depends more
on the number of blocks cached rather than the absolute amount of data. For a page pool of a given
size, a larger file system block size would mean fewer blocks cached. Therefore, when you create file
systems with a block size larger than the default of 256 KB, it is recommended that you increase the
page pool size in proportion to the block size.
7. The file system block size must not exceed the value of the GPFS maxblocksize configuration
parameter. The maxblocksize parameter is set to 1 MB by default. If a larger block size is desired, use
the mmchconfig command to increase the maxblocksize before starting GPFS.

Results

Upon successful completion of the mmcrfs command, these tasks are completed on all GPFS nodes:
v Mount point directory is created.
v File system is formatted.

Parameters
Device The device name of the file system to be created.
File system names need not be fully-qualified. fs0 is as acceptable as /dev/fs0. However, file
system names must be unique within a GPFS cluster. Do not specify an existing entry in /dev.
-F DescFile
Specifies a file containing a list of disk descriptors, one per line. You may use the rewritten
DiskDesc file created by the mmcrnsd command, create your own file, or enter the disk
descriptors on the command line. When using the DiskDesc file created by the mmcrnsd
command, the values supplied on input to the command for Disk Usage and FailureGroup are
used. When creating your own file or entering the descriptors on the command line, you must
specify these values or accept the system defaults.
"DiskDesc[;DiskDesc...]"
A descriptor for each disk to be included. Each descriptor is separated by a semicolon (;). The
entire list must be enclosed in quotation marks (' or ").
A disk descriptor is defined as (second, third and sixth fields reserved):
DiskName:::DiskUsage:FailureGroup::StoragePool
DiskName
You must specify the name of the NSD previously created by the mmcrnsd command.
For a list of available disks, issue the mmlsnsd -F command.
DiskUsage
Specify a disk usage or accept the default:
dataAndMetadata
Indicates that the disk contains both data and metadata. This is the default for
disks in the system pool.
Chapter 8. GPFS commands 145
dataOnly
Indicates that the disk contains data and does not contain metadata. This is the
default for disks in storage pools other than the system pool.
metadataOnly
Indicates that the disk contains metadata and does not contain data.
descOnly
Indicates that the disk contains no data and no file metadata. Such a disk is used
solely to keep a copy of the file system descriptor, and can be used as a third
failure group in certain disaster recovery configurations. For more information,
see General Parallel File System: Advanced Administration and search on Synchronous
mirroring utilizing GPFS replication.
FailureGroup
A number identifying the failure group to which this disk belongs. You can specify any
value from -1 (where -1 indicates that the disk has no point of failure in common with
any other disk) to 4000. If you do not specify a failure group, the value defaults to the
node number of the first NSD server defined in the NSD server list plus 4000. If you do
not specify an NSD server list, the value defaults to -1. GPFS uses this information during
data and metadata placement to assure that no two replicas of the same block are written
in such a way as to become unavailable due to a single failure. All disks that are attached
to the same NSD server or adapter should be placed in the same failure group.
If replication of -m or -r is set to 2, storage pools must have two failure groups for the
commands to work properly.
StoragePool
Specifies the storage pool to which the disk is to be assigned. If this name is not
provided, the default is system.
Only the system pool may contain descOnly, metadataOnly or dataAndMetadata disks.

Options
-A {yes | no | automount}
Indicates when the file system is to be mounted:
yes When the GPFS daemon starts. This is the default.
no Manual mount.
automount
On non-Windows nodes, when the file system is first accessed. On Windows nodes, when
the GPFS daemon starts.
-B BlockSize
Size of data blocks. Must be 16 KB, 64 KB, 128 KB, 256 KB (the default), 512 KB, 1 MB, 2 MB, or 4
MB. Specify this value with the character K or M, for example 512K.
-D {nfs4 | posix}
Specifies whether a 'deny-write open lock' will block writes, which is expected and required by
NFS V4. File systems supporting NFS V4 must have -D nfs4 set. The option -D posix allows NFS
writes even in the presence of a deny-write open lock. If you intend to export the file system
using NFS V4 or Samba, you must use -D nfs4. For NFS V3 (or if the file system is not NFS
exported at all) use -D posix. The default is -D nfs4.
-E {yes | no}
Specifies whether to report exact mtime values (-E yes), or to periodically update the mtime value
for a file system (-E no). If it is more desirable to display exact modification times for a file
system, specify or use the default -E yes option.

146 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

-j {cluster | scatter}
Specifies the block allocation map type. When allocating blocks for a given file, GPFS first uses a
round-robin algorithm to spread the data across all disks in the file system. After a disk is
selected, the location of the data block on the disk is determined by the block allocation map
type. If cluster is specified, GPFS attempts to allocate blocks in clusters. Blocks that belong to a
particular file are kept adjacent to each other within each cluster. If scatter is specified, the
location of the block is chosen randomly.
The cluster allocation method may provide better disk performance for some disk subsystems in
relatively small installations. The benefits of clustered block allocation diminish when the number
of nodes in the cluster or the number of disks in a file system increases, or when the file system's
free space becomes fragmented. The cluster allocation method is the default for GPFS clusters
with eight or fewer nodes and for files systems with eight or fewer disks.
The scatter allocation method provides more consistent file system performance by averaging out
performance variations due to block location (for many disk subsystems, the location of the data
relative to the disk edge has a substantial effect on performance). This allocation method is
appropriate in most cases and is the default for GPFS clusters with more than eight nodes or file
systems with more than eight disks.
The block allocation map type cannot be changed after the file system has been created.
-k {posix | nfs4 | all}
Specifies the type of authorization supported by the file system:
posix Traditional GPFS ACLs only (NFS V4 and Windows ACLs are not allowed).
Authorization controls are unchanged from earlier releases.
nfs4 Support for NFS V4 and Windows ACLs only. Users are not allowed to assign traditional
GPFS ACLs to any file system objects (directories and individual files).
all Any supported ACL type is permitted. This includes traditional GPFS (posix) and NFS
V4 NFS V4 and Windows ACLs (nfs4).
The administrator is allowing a mixture of ACL types. For example, fileA may have a
posix ACL, while fileB in the same file system may have an NFS V4 ACL, implying
different access characteristics for each file depending on the ACL type that is currently
assigned. The default is -k all.
Avoid specifying nfs4 or all unless files will be exported to NFS V4 or Samba clients, or the file
system will be mounted on Windows. NFS V4 and Windows ACLs affect file attributes (mode)
and have access and authorization characteristics that are different from traditional GPFS ACLs.
-K {no | whenpossible | always}
Specifies whether strict replication is to be enforced:
no Indicates that strict replication is not enforced. GPFS will try to create the needed number
of replicas, but will still return EOK as long as it can allocate at least one replica.
whenpossible
Indicates that strict replication is enforced provided the disk configuration allows it. If the
number of failure groups is insufficient, strict replication will not be enforced. This is the
default value.
always
Indicates that strict replication is enforced.
For more information, see the topic "Strict replication" in the GPFS: Problem Determination Guide.
-L LogFileSize
Specifies the size of the internal log file. The default size is 4 MB or 32 times the file system block
size, whichever is smaller. The minimum size is 256 KB and the maximum size is 32 times the file

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 147

system block size or 16 MB, whichever is smaller. Specify this value with the K or M character,
for example: 8M. This value cannot be changed after the file system has been created.
In most cases, allowing the log file size to default works well. An increased log file size is useful
for file systems that have a large amount of metadata activity, such as creating and deleting many
small files or performing extensive block allocation and deallocation of large files.
-m DefaultMetadataReplicas
Specifies the default number of copies of inodes, directories, and indirect blocks for a file. Valid
values are 1 and 2, but cannot be greater than the value of MaxMetadataReplicas. The default is 1.
-M MaxMetadataReplicas
Specifies the default maximum number of copies of inodes, directories, and indirect blocks for a
file. Valid values are 1 and 2, but cannot be less than the value of DefaultMetadataReplicas. The
default is 2.
-n NumNodes
The estimated number of nodes that will mount the file system. This is used as a best guess for
the initial size of some file system data structures. The default is 32. This value can be changed
after the file system has been created.
When you create a GPFS file system, you might want to overestimate the number of nodes that
will mount the file system. GPFS uses this information for creating data structures that are
essential for achieving maximum parallelism in file system operations (see the topic GPFS
architecture in General Parallel File System: Concepts, Planning, and Installation Guide). Although a
large estimate consumes additional memory, underestimating the data structure allocation can
reduce the efficiency of a node when it processes some parallel requests such as the allotment of
disk space to a file. If you cannot predict the number of nodes that will mount the file system,
allow the default value to be applied. If you are planning to add nodes to your system, you
should specify a number larger than the default. However, do not make estimates that are not
realistic. Specifying an excessive number of nodes may have an adverse affect on buffer
operations.
-Q {yes | no}
Activates quotas automatically when the file system is mounted. The default is -Q no. Issue the
mmdefedquota command to establish default quota values. Issue the mmedquota command to
establish explicit quota values.
To activate GPFS quota management after the file system has been created:
1. Mount the file system.
2. To establish default quotas:
a. Issue the mmdefedquota command to establish default quota values.
b. Issue the mmdefquotaon command to activate default quotas.
3. To activate explicit quotas:
a. Issue the mmedquota command to activate quota values.
b. Issue the mmquotaon command to activate quota enforcement.
-r DefaultDataReplicas
Specifies the default number of copies of each data block for a file. Valid values are 1 and 2, but
cannot be greater than the value of MaxDataReplicas. The default is 1.
-R MaxDataReplicas
Specifies the default maximum number of copies of data blocks for a file. Valid values are 1 and
2. The value cannot be less than the value of DefaultDataReplicas. The default is 2.
-S {yes | no}
Suppresses the periodic updating of the value of atime as reported by the gpfs_stat(),
gpfs_fstat(), stat(), and fstat() calls. The default value is -S no. Specifying -S yes for a new file
system results in reporting the time the file system was created.

148 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

-t DriveLetter
Specifies the drive letter to use when the file system is mounted on Windows.
-T MountPoint
Specifies the mount point directory of the GPFS file system. If it is not specified, the mount point
will be set to DefaultMountDir/Device. The default value for DefaultMountDir is /gpfs but, it can be
changed with the mmchconfig command.
-v {yes | no}
Verifies that specified disks do not belong to an existing file system. The default is -v yes. Specify
-v no only when you want to reuse disks that are no longer needed for an existing file system. If
the command is interrupted for any reason, use the -v no option on the next invocation of the
command.

Important: Using -v no on a disk that already belongs to a file system will corrupt that file
system. This will not be noticed until the next time that file system is mounted.
-z {yes | no}
Enable or disable DMAPI on the file system. Turning this option on will require an external data
management application such as Tivoli Storage Manager (TSM) hierarchical storage management
(HSM) before the file system can be mounted. The default is -z no. For further information on
DMAPI for GPFS, see General Parallel File System: Data Management API Guide.
| --filesetdf | --nofilesetdf
When this option is enabled and quotas are enforced for a fileset, the df command reports
| numbers based on the quotas for the fileset and not for the total file system.
| --inode-limit MaxNumInodes[:NumInodesToPreallocate]
Specifies the maximum number of files in the file system. This value is decided by the available
file system space, available metadata space, block size and the suggested number of nodes in the
cluster.
For file systems that will be creating parallel files, if the total number of free inodes is not greater
than 5% of the total number of inodes, file system access might slow down. Take this into
consideration when creating your file system.
The parameter NumInodesToPreallocate specifies the number of inodes that the system will
immediately preallocate. If you do not specify a value for NumInodesToPreallocate, GPFS will
dynamically allocate inodes as needed.
You can specify the NumInodes and NumInodesToPreallocate values with a suffix, for example 100K
or 2M.
| --mount-priority Priority
Controls the order in which the individual file systems are mounted at daemon startup or when
one of the all keywords is specified on the mmmount command.
File systems with higher Priority numbers are mounted after file systems with lower numbers.
File systems that do not have mount priorities are mounted last. A value of zero indicates no
| priority. This is the default.
| --version VersionString
Enable only the file system features that are compatible with the specified release. The lowest
allowed Version value is 3.1.0.0.
The default is 3.4.0.0, which will enable all currently available features but will prevent nodes
that are running earlier GPFS releases from accessing the file system. Windows nodes can mount
only file systems that are created with GPFS 3.2.1.5 or later.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 149

nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmcrfs command.

Examples

This example shows how to create a file system named gpfs1 using three disks, each with a block size of
512 KB, allowing metadata and data replication to be 2, turning quotas on, and creating /gpfs1 as the
mount point. To complete this task, issue the command:
mmcrfs gpfs1 "hd2n97;hd3n97;hd4n97" -B 512K -m 2 -r 2 -Q yes -T /gpfs1

The system displays output similar to:

See also

“mmchfs Command” on page 121

“mmdelfs Command” on page 180

“mmdf Command” on page 189

“mmedquota Command” on page 199

“mmfsck Command” on page 204

“mmlsfs Command” on page 238

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

150 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

mmcrnsd Command
Creates Network Shared Disks (NSDs) used by GPFS.

Synopsis

mmcrnsd -F DescFile [-v {yes |no}]

Description

The mmcrnsd command is used to create cluster-wide names for NSDs used by GPFS.

This is the first GPFS step in preparing disks for use by a GPFS file system. The disk descriptor file
supplied to this command is rewritten with the new NSD names and that rewritten disk descriptor file
can be supplied as input to the mmcrfs, mmadddisk or mmrpldisk commands.

The names created by the mmcrnsd command are necessary since disks connected to multiple nodes may
have different disk device names on each node. The NSD names uniquely identify each disk. This
command must be run for all disks that are to be used in GPFS file systems. The mmcrnsd command is
also used to assign each disk an NSD server list that can be used for I/O operations on behalf of nodes
that do not have direct access to the disk.

To identify that a disk has been processed by the mmcrnsd command, a unique NSD volume ID is
written on sector 2 of the disk. All of the NSD commands (mmcrnsd, mmlsnsd, and mmdelnsd) use this
unique NSD volume ID to identify and process NSDs.

| After the NSDs are created, the GPFS cluster data is updated and they are available for use by GPFS.

| On Windows, GPFS will only create NSDs from empty disk drives. mmcrnsd accepts Windows Basic
disks or Unknown/Not Initialized disks. It always re-initializes these disks so that they become Basic GPT
Disks with a single GPFS partition. NSD data is stored in GPFS partitions. This allows other operating
system components to recognize the disks are used. mmdelnsd deletes the partition tables created by
mmcrnsd.

Results

Upon successful completion of the mmcrnsd command, these tasks are completed:
v NSDs are created.
v The DescFile contains NSD names to be used as input to the mmcrfs, mmadddisk, or the mmrpldisk
commands.
v A unique NSD volume ID to identify each disk as an NSD has been written on sector 2.
v An entry for each new disk is created in the GPFS cluster data.

Parameters
-F DescFile
Specifies the file containing the list of disk descriptors, one per line. Disk descriptors have this
format:
DiskName:ServerList::DiskUsage:FailureGroup:DesiredName:StoragePool
DiskName
On UNIX, the block device name appearing in /dev for the disk you want to define as an
| NSD. Examples of disks that are accessible through a block device are SAN-attached
| disks. If server nodes are specified, DiskName must be the /dev name for the disk device
of the first listed NSD server node.

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 151

On Windows, the disk number (for example, 3) of the disk you want to define as an
NSD. Disk numbers appear in Windows Disk Management console and the DISKPART
command line utility. If a server node is specified, DiskName must be the disk number
from the first NSD server node defined in the server list.
For the latest supported disk types, see the Frequently Asked Questions
(http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/clresctr/vxrx/index.jsp).
ServerList
Is a comma separated list of NSD server nodes. You may specify up to eight NSD servers
in this list. The defined NSD will preferentially use the first server on the list. If the first
server is not available, the NSD will use the next available server on the list.
When specifying server nodes for your NSDs, the output of the mmlscluster command
lists the host name and IP address combinations recognized by GPFS. The utilization of
aliased host names not listed in the mmlscluster command output may produce
undesired results.
If you do not define a ServerList, GPFS assumes that the disk is SAN-attached to all nodes
in the cluster. If all nodes in the cluster do not have access to the disk, or if the file
system to which the disk belongs is to be accessed by other GPFS clusters, you must
specify a ServerList.
DiskUsage
Specify a disk usage or accept the default. This field is ignored by the mmcrnsd
command, and is passed unchanged to the output descriptor file produced by the
mmcrnsd command. Possible values are:
dataAndMetadata
Indicates that the disk contains both data and metadata. This is the default for
disks in the system pool.
dataOnly
Indicates that the disk contains data and does not contain metadata. This is the
default for disks in storage pools other than the system pool.
metadataOnly
Indicates that the disk contains metadata and does not contain data.
descOnly
Indicates that the disk contains no data and no file metadata. Such a disk is used
solely to keep a copy of the file system descriptor, and can be used as a third
failure group in certain disaster recovery configurations. For more information,
see General Parallel File System: Advanced Administration and search on Synchronous
mirroring utilizing GPFS replication.
FailureGroup
Is a number identifying the failure group to which this disk belongs. You can specify any
value from -1 to 4000 (where -1 indicates that the disk has no point of failure in common
with any other disk). If you do not specify a failure group, the value defaults to the node
number plus 4000 for the first NSD server defined in the server list. If you do not specify
an NSD server list, the value defaults to -1.
GPFS uses this information during data and metadata placement to assure that no two
replicas of the same block are written in such a way as to become unavailable due to a
single failure. All disks that are attached to the same NSD server or adapter should be
placed in the same failure group.
DesiredName
Specify the name you desire for the NSD to be created. This name must not already be
used as another GPFS disk name, and it must not begin with the reserved string 'gpfs'.

152 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Note: This name can contain only the following characters: 'A' through 'Z', 'a' through 'z',
'0' through '9', or '_' (the underscore). All other characters are not valid.
If a desired name is not specified, the NSD is assigned a name according to the
convention:
gpfsNNnsd
where NN is a unique nonnegative integer not used in any prior NSD.
StoragePool
Specifies the name of the storage pool that the NSD is assigned to. This field is ignored
by the mmcrnsd command, and is passed unchanged to the output descriptor file
produced by the mmcrnsd command.

Upon successful completion of the mmcrnsd command, the DescFile file is rewritten to contain the created
NSD names in place of the device name. NSD servers defined in the ServerList and desiredName are
omitted from the rewritten disk descriptor and all other fields, if specified, are copied without
modification. The original lines, as well as descriptor lines in error, are commented out and preserved for
reference. The rewritten disk descriptor file can then be used as input to the mmcrfs, mmadddisk, or the
mmrpldisk commands. You must have write access to the directory where the DescFile file is located in
order to rewrite the created NSD information.

The Disk Usage and Failure Group specifications in the disk descriptor are preserved only if you use the
rewritten file produced by the mmcrnsd command. If you do not use this file, you must either accept the
default values or specify new values when creating disk descriptors for other commands.

Options
-v {yes |no}
Verify the disks are not already formatted as an NSD.
A value of -v yes specifies that the NSDs are to be created only if each disk has not been
formatted by a previous invocation of the mmcrnsd command, as indicated by the NSD volume
ID on sector 2 of the disk. A value of -v no specifies that the disks are to be created irrespective
of their previous state. The default is -v yes.

Important: Using -v no when a disk already belongs to a file system can corrupt that file system
by making that physical disk undiscoverable by that file system. This will not be noticed until the
next time that file system is mounted.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmcrnsd command.

Examples

The NSD ServerList uses the form:

server1[,server2,...,server8]

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 153

To create your NSDs from the descriptor file nsdesc containing:
sdav1:k145n05,k145n06::dataOnly:4::poolA
sdav2:k145n06,k145n05::dataAndMetadata:5:ABC

Issue this command:

mmcrnsd -F nsdesc

These descriptors translate as:

Disk Name
sdav1
Server List
k145n05,k145n06
Disk Usage
dataOnly
Failure Group
4
NSD Name
gpfs20nsd
Storage Pool
poolA

and
Disk Name
sdav2
Server List
k145n06,k145n05
Disk Usage
dataAndMetadata, allowing both
Failure Group
5
NSD Name
ABC
Storage Pool
system

nsdesc is rewritten as
#sdav1:k145n05,k145n06::dataOnly:4::poolA
gpfs20nsd:::dataOnly:4::poolA
#sdav2:k145n06,k145n05::dataAndMetadata:5:ABC
ABC:::dataAndMetadata:5

The output is similar to this:

mmcrnsd: Processing disk sdav1
mmcrnsd: Processing disk sdav2
mmcrnsd: 6027-1371 Propagating the changes to all affected
nodes. This is an asynchronous process.

154 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

See also

“mmadddisk Command” on page 73

“mmcrfs Command” on page 144

“mmdeldisk Command” on page 173

“mmdelnsd Command” on page 185

“mmlsnsd Command” on page 248

“mmrpldisk Command” on page 298

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 155

mmcrsnapshot Command
Creates a snapshot of an entire GPFS file system at a single point in time.

Synopsis

| mmcrsnapshot Device SnapshotName

Description

Use the mmcrsnapshot command to create a snapshot of an entire GPFS file system at a single point in
time.

A snapshot is a copy of the changed user data in the file system. System data and existing snapshots are
not copied. The snapshot function allows a backup or mirror program to run concurrently with user
updates and still obtain a consistent copy of the file system as of the time the copy was created.
Snapshots also provide an online backup capability that allows easy recovery from common problems
such as accidental deletion of a file, and comparison with older versions of a file.

Snapshots are exact copies of changed data in the active files and directories of a file system. Snapshots
of a file system are read-only and they appear in a .snapshots directory located in the file system root
directory. The files and attributes of the file system can be changed only in the active copy.

There is a maximum limit of 256 snapshots per file system. Snapshots may be deleted only by issuing the
mmdelsnapshot command. The .snapshots directory cannot be deleted, though it can be renamed with
the mmsnapdir command using the -s option.

If the mmcrsnapshot command is issued while a conflicting command is running, the mmcrsnapshot
command waits for that command to complete. If the mmcrsnapshot command is running while a
conflicting command is issued, the conflicting command waits for the mmcrsnapshot command to
| complete.

| If quorum is lost before the mmcrsnapshot command completes, the snapshot is considered partial and
will be deleted when quorum is achieved again.

Because snapshots are not full, independent copies of the entire file system, they should not be used as
protection against media failures. For protection against media failures, see General Parallel File System:
Concepts, Planning, and Installation Guide and search on recoverability considerations.

For more information on snapshots, see Creating and maintaining snapshots of GPFS file systems in General
Parallel File System: Advanced Administration Guide.

Parameters
Device The device name of the file system for which the snapshot is to be created. File system names
need not be fully-qualified. fs0 is just as acceptable as /dev/fs0.
This must be the first parameter.
| SnapshotName
Specifies the name given to the snapshot. The name appears as a subdirectory of the .snapshots
directory in the file system root. Each snapshot must have a unique name.
If you do not want to traverse the file system's root to access the snapshot, a more convenient
mechanism that enables a connection in each directory of the active file system can be enabled
with the -a option of the mmsnapdir command.

156 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Options

NONE

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmcrsnapshot command.

Examples

To create a snapshot snap1, for the file system fs1, issue this command:
mmcrsnapshot fs1 snap1

The output is similar to this:

Writing dirty data to disk
Quiescing all file system operations
Writing dirty data to disk again
Creating snapshot.
Resuming operations.

Before issuing the command, the directory structure would appear similar to:
/fs1/file1
/fs1/userA/file2
/fs1/userA/file3

After the command has been issued, the directory structure would appear similar to:
/fs1/file1
/fs1/userA/file2
/fs1/userA/file3

/fs1/.snapshots/snap1/file1
/fs1/.snapshots/snap1/userA/file2
/fs1/.snapshots/snap1/userA/file3

If a second snapshot were to be created at a later time, the first snapshot would remain as is. Snapshots
are made only of active file systems, not existing snapshots. For example:
mmcrsnapshot fs1 snap2

The output is similar to this:

Writing dirty data to disk
Quiescing all file system operations
Writing dirty data to disk again
Creating snapshot.
Resuming operations.

After the command has been issued, the directory structure would appear similar to:

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 157

/fs1/file1
/fs1/userA/file2
/fs1/userA/file3

/fs1/.snapshots/snap1/file1
/fs1/.snapshots/snap1/userA/file2
/fs1/.snapshots/snap1/userA/file3

/fs1/.snapshots/snap2/file1
/fs1/.snapshots/snap2/userA/file2
/fs1/.snapshots/snap2/userA/file3

See also

“mmdelsnapshot Command” on page 187

“mmlssnapshot Command” on page 256

“mmrestorefs Command” on page 289

“mmsnapdir Command” on page 304

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

158 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

mmdefedquota Command
Sets default quota limits to a file system.

Synopsis

mmdefedquota {-u | -g | -j} Device

Description

Use the mmdefedquota command to set or change default quota limits for new users, groups, and
filesets for a file system. Default quota limits for a file system may be set or changed only if the file
system was created with the -Q yes option on the mmcrfs command or changed with the mmchfs
command.

The mmdefedquota command displays the current values for these limits, if any, and prompts you to
enter new values using your default editor:
v current block usage (display only)
v current inode usage (display only)
v inode soft limit
v inode hard limit
v block soft limit
Displayed in KB, but may be specified using k, K, m, M, g, or G . If no suffix is provided, the number
is assumed to be in bytes.
v block hard limit
Displayed in KB, but may be specified using k, K, m, M, g, or G. If no suffix is provided, the number
is assumed to be in bytes.

Note: A block or inode limit of 0 indicates no limit.

The mmdefedquota command waits for the edit window to be closed before checking and applying new
values. If an incorrect entry is made, reissue the command and enter the correct values.

The EDITOR environment variable must contain a complete path name, for example:
export EDITOR=/bin/vi

This command cannot be run from a Windows node.

Parameters
Device The device name of the file system to have default quota values set for.
File system names need not be fully-qualified. fs0 is just as acceptable as /dev/fs0.

Options
-g Specifies that the default quota value is to be applied for new groups accessing the specified file
system.
-j Specifies that the default quota value is to be applied for new filesets in the specified file system.

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 159

-u Specifies that the default quota value is to be applied for new users accessing the specified file
system.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmdefedquota command.

GPFS must be running on the node from which the mmdefedquota command is issued.

Examples

To set default quotas for new users of the file system fs1, issue this command:
mmdefedquota -u fs1

The system displays information in your default editor similar to:

*** Edit quota limits for USR DEFAULT entry
NOTE: block limits will be rounded up to the next multiple
of the block size.
block units may be: K, M, or G.
fs1: blocks in use: 0K, limits (soft = 0K, hard = 0K)
inodes in use: 0, limits (soft = 0, hard = 0)

To confirm the change, issue this command:

mmlsquota -d -u

The system displays information similar to:

Block Limits | File Limits
Filesystem type KB quota limit in_doubt grace |files quota limit in_doubt grace
fs0 USR 0K 2500 10M 0 none | 0 100 1000 0 none
fs1 USR no default limits
fs2 USR no default limits

See also

“mmcheckquota Command” on page 116

“mmdefquotaoff Command” on page 162

“mmdefquotaon Command” on page 164

“mmedquota Command” on page 199

“mmlsquota Command” on page 253

“mmquotaoff Command” on page 272

“mmrepquota Command” on page 282

160 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 161

mmdefquotaoff Command
Deactivates default quota limit usage for a file system.

Synopsis

mmdefquotaoff [-u] [-g] [-j] [-v] {Device [Device...] | -a}

Description

The mmdefquotaoff command deactivates default quota limits for file systems. If default quota limits are
deactivated, new users or groups for that file system will then have a default quota limit of 0, indicating
no limit.

If neither the -u, -j or the -g option is specified, the mmdefquotaoff command deactivates all default
quotas.

If the -a option is not used, Device must be the last parameter specified.

Parameters
Device The device name of the file system to have default quota values deactivated.
If more than one file system is listed, the names must be delimited by a space. File system names
need not be fully-qualified. fs0 is just as acceptable as /dev/fs0.

Options
-a Deactivates default quotas for all GPFS file systems in the cluster. When used in combination
with the -g option, only group quotas are deactivated. When used in combination with the -u or
-j options, only user or fileset quotas, respectively, are deactivated.
-g Specifies that default quotas for groups are to be deactivated.
-j Specifies that default quotas for filesets are to be deactivated.
-u Specifies that default quotas for users are to be deactivated.
-v Prints a message for each file system in which default quotas are deactivated.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmdefquotaoff command.

GPFS must be running on the node from which the mmdefquotaoff command is issued.

Examples
1. To deactivate default user quotas on file system fs0, issue this command:
mmdefquotaoff -u fs0

162 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

To confirm the change, issue this command:
mmlsquota -d -u

The system displays information similar to:

Block Limits | File Limits
Filesystem type KB quota limit in_doubt grace | files quota limit in_doubt grace
fs0 USR no default limits
2. To deactivate default group quotas on all file systems, issue this command:
mmdefquotaoff -g -a

To confirm the change, issue this command:

mmlsquota -d -g

The system displays information similar to:

Default Block Limits | Default File Limits
Filesystem type quota limit | quota limit
fs0: GRP no default limits
fs1: GRP no default limits
fs2: GRP no default limits

See also

“mmcheckquota Command” on page 116

“mmdefedquota Command” on page 159

“mmdefquotaon Command” on page 164

“mmedquota Command” on page 199

“mmlsquota Command” on page 253

“mmquotaoff Command” on page 272

“mmrepquota Command” on page 282

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 163

mmdefquotaon Command
Activates default quota limit usage for a file system.

Synopsis

mmdefquotaon [-u] [-g] [-j] [-v] [-d] {Device [Device... ] | -a}

Description

The mmdefquotaon command activates default quota limits for a file system. If default quota limits are
not applied, new users, groups, or filesets for that file system will have a quota limit of 0, indicating no
limit.

To use default quotas, the file system must have been created or changed with the -Q yes option. See the
mmcrfs and mmchfs commands.

If neither the -u, -j or the -g option is specified, the mmdefquotaon command activates all default quota
limits.

If the -a option is not used, Device must be the last parameter specified.

Default quotas are established for new users, groups of users or filesets by issuing the mmdefedquota
command. Under the -d option, all users without an explicitly set quota limit will have a default quota
limit assigned.

Parameters
Device The device name of the file system to have default quota values activated.
If more than one file system is listed, the names must be delimited by a space. File system names
need not be fully-qualified. fs0 is just as acceptable as /dev/fs0.

Options
-a Activates default quotas for all GPFS file systems in the cluster. When used in combination with
the -g option, only group quotas are activated. When used in combination with the -u or -j
options, only user or fileset quotas, respectively, are activated.
-d Specifies that existing users, groups of users, or filesets with no established quota limits will have
default quota values assigned when the mmdefedquota command is issued.
If this option is not chosen, existing quota entries remain in effect and are not governed by the
default quota rules.
-g Specifies that only a default quota value for group quotas is to be activated.
-j Specifies that only a default quota value for fileset quotas is to be activated.
-u Specifies that only a default quota value for users is to be activated.
-v Prints a message for each file system in which default quotas are activated.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

164 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmdefquotaon command.

GPFS must be running on the node from which the mmdefquotaon command is issued.

Examples
1. To activate default user quotas on file system fs0, issue this command:
mmdefquotaon -u fs0

To confirm the change, issue this command:

mmlsfs fs0 -Q

The system displays information similar to:

flag value description
---- -------------- ----------------------------------------
-Q user Quotas enforced
user Default quotas enabled
2. To activate default group quotas on all file systems in the cluster, issue this command:
mmdefquotaon -g -a

To confirm the change, individually for each file system, issue this command:
mmlsfs fs1 -Q

The system displays information similar to:

flag value description

---- -------------- -----------------------------

-Q group Quotas enforced
group Default quotas enabled
3. To activate user, group and fileset default quotas on file system fs2, issue this command:
mmdefquotaon fs2

To confirm the change, issue this command:

mmlsfs fs2 -Q

The system displays information similar to:

flag value description
---- -------------- --------------------------
-Q user;group;fileset Quotas enforced
user;group;fileset Default quotas enabled

See also

“mmcheckquota Command” on page 116

“mmchfs Command” on page 121

“mmcrfs Command” on page 144

“mmdefedquota Command” on page 159

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 165

“mmdefquotaoff Command” on page 162

“mmedquota Command” on page 199

“mmlsquota Command” on page 253

“mmquotaoff Command” on page 272

“mmrepquota Command” on page 282

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

166 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

mmdefragfs Command
Reduces disk fragmentation by increasing the number of full free blocks available to the file system.

Synopsis

mmdefragfs Device [-i] [-u BlkUtilPct] [-P PoolName] [-N {Node[,Node...] | NodeFile | NodeClass}]

Description

Use the mmdefragfs command to reduce fragmentation of a file system. The mmdefragfs command
moves existing file system data within a disk to make more efficient use of disk blocks. The data is
migrated to unused sub-blocks in partially allocated blocks, thereby increasing the number of free full
blocks.

The mmdefragfs command can be run against a mounted or unmounted file system. However, best
results are achieved when the file system is unmounted. When a file system is mounted, allocation status
may change causing retries to find a suitable unused sub-block.

Note: On a file system that has a very low level of fragmentation, negative numbers can be seen in the
output of mmdefragfs for free sub-blocks. This indicates that the block usage has in fact increased after
running the mmdefragfs command. If negative numbers are seen, it does not indicate a problem and you
do not need to rerun the mmdefragfs command.

Parameters
Device The device name of the file system to have fragmentation reduced. File system names need not
be fully-qualified. fs0 is as acceptable as /dev/fs0.
This must be the first parameter.
-P PoolName
Specifies the pool name to use.
-N {Node[,Node...] | NodeFile | NodeClass }
Specifies the nodes that can be used in this disk defragmentation. This parameter supports all
| defined node classes. The default is all or the current value of the defaultHelperNodes parameter
| of the mmchconfig command.
For general information on how to specify node names, see “Specifying nodes as input to GPFS
commands” on page 3.

Options
-i Specifies to query the current disk fragmentation state of the file system. Does not perform the
actual defragmentation of the disks in the file system.
-u BlkUtilPct
The average block utilization goal for the disks in the file system. The mmdefragfs command
reduces the number of allocated blocks by increasing the percent utilization of the remaining
blocks. The command automatically goes through multiple iterations until BlkUtilPct is achieved
on all of the disks in the file system or until no progress is made in achieving BlkUtilPct from one
iteration to the next, at which point it exits.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 167

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmdefragfs command.

Examples
1. To query the fragmentation state of file system fs0, issue this command:
mmdefragfs fs0 -i
The system displays information similar to:
disk disk size in full subblk in % %
name in nSubblk blocks fragments free blk blk util
--------------- --------- --------- --------- -------- -------
nsd32 327680 277504 12931 84.688 96.054
nsd33 327680 315232 580 96.201 99.823
nsd21 327680 301824 2481 92.109 99.243
nsd34 327680 275904 13598 84.199 95.850
nsd30 327680 275808 13380 84.170 95.917
nsd19 327680 278496 12369 84.990 96.225
nsd31 327680 276224 12012 84.297 96.334
--------- --------- --------- -------
(total) 2293760 2000992 67351 97.064
2. To reduce fragmentation of the file system fs0 on all defined, accessible disks that are not stopped or
suspended, issue this command:
mmdefragfs fs0
The system displays information similar to:
free subblk free
disk in full subblk in % %
name blocks blk framents free blk blk util
before after freed before after before after before after
---------- ------------------------ ------------- ------------ ------------
gpfs57nsd 28896 29888 31 1462 463 50.39 52.12 94.86 98.31
gpfs60nsd 41728 43200 46 1834 362 59.49 61.59 93.55 98.66
--------------------- -------------- -----------
(total) 70624 73088 77 3296 825 93.63 98.84
3. To reduce fragmentation of all files in the fs1 file system until the disks have 100% full block
utilization, issue this command:
mmdefragfs fs1 -u 100
The system displays information similar to:
Defragmenting file system ’fs1’...

Defragmenting until full block utilization is 98.00%, currently 97.07%

168 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

97.20 % complete on Tue May 26 14:31:04 2009 ( 2195726 inodes 43077 MB)
97.40 % complete on Tue May 26 14:31:24 2009 ( 2200378 inodes 43109 MB)
97.62 % complete on Tue May 26 14:31:44 2009 ( 2205201 inodes 43295 MB)
97.83 % complete on Tue May 26 14:32:05 2009 ( 2210003 inodes 43329 MB)
97.85 % complete on Tue May 26 14:32:25 2009 ( 2214741 inodes 43528 MB)
97.86 % complete on Tue May 26 14:32:55 2009 ( 2221888 inodes 43798 MB)
97.87 % complete on Tue May 26 14:33:35 2009 ( 2231453 inodes 44264 MB)
97.88 % complete on Tue May 26 14:34:26 2009 ( 2243181 inodes 45288 MB)
100.00 % complete on Tue May 26 14:35:10 2009

free subblk free

Defragmentation complete, full block utilization is 99.04%.

See also

“mmdf Command” on page 189

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 169

mmdelacl Command
Deletes a GPFS access control list.

Synopsis

mmdelacl [-d] Filename

Description

Use the mmdelacl command to delete the extended entries of an access ACL of a file or directory, or to
delete the default ACL of a directory.

This command cannot be run from a Windows node.

Parameters
Filename
The path name of the file or directory for which the ACL is to be deleted. If the -d option is
specified, Filename must contain the name of a directory.

Options
-d Specifies that the default ACL of a directory is to be deleted.
Since there can be only one NFS V4 ACL (no separate default), specifying the -d flag for a file
with an NFS V4 ACL is an error. Deleting an NFS V4 ACL necessarily removes both the ACL and
any inheritable entries contained in it.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

The mmdelacl command may be issued only by the file or directory owner, the root user, or by someone
with control (c) authority in the ACL for the file.

You may issue the mmdelacl command only from a node in the GPFS cluster where the file system is
mounted.

Examples

To delete the default ACL for a directory named project2, issue this command:
mmdelacl -d project2

To confirm the deletion, issue this command:

mmgetacl -d project2

The system displays information similar to:

#owner:uno
#group:system

170 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

See also

“mmeditacl Command” on page 196

“mmgetacl Command” on page 213

“mmputacl Command” on page 269

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 171

mmdelcallback Command
Deletes one or more user-defined callbacks from the GPFS system.

Synopsis

mmdelcallback CallbackIdentifier[,CallbackIdentifier...]

Description

Use the mmdelcallback command to delete one or more user-defined callbacks from the GPFS system.

Parameters
CallbackIdentifier
Specifies a user-defined unique name that identifies the callback to be deleted. Use the
mmlscallback command to see the name of the callbacks that can be deleted.

Options

NONE

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmdelcallback command.

Examples

To delete the test1 callback from the GPFS system, issue this command:
mmmdelcallback test1

The system displays information similar to:

mmdelcallback: Propagating the cluster configuration data to all
affected nodes. This is an asynchronous process.
Tue Jan 6 09:47:10 EST 2009: mmcommon pushSdr_async: mmsdrfs propagation started
Tue Jan 6 09:47:16 EST 2009: mmcommon pushSdr_async: mmsdrfs propagation completed; mmdsh rc=0

See also

“mmaddcallback Command” on page 68

“mmlscallback Command” on page 226

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

172 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

mmdeldisk Command
Deletes disks from a GPFS file system.

Synopsis

mmdeldisk Device {"DiskName[;DiskName...]" | -F DescFile} [-a] [-c] [-m | -r | -b] [-N {Node[,Node...] |
NodeFile | NodeClass}]

Description

The mmdeldisk command migrates all data that would otherwise be lost to the remaining disks in the
file system. It then removes the disks from the file system descriptor, preserves replication at all times,
and optionally rebalances the file system after removing the disks.

The mmdeldisk command has the following two functions:

v Copying unreplicated data off the disks and removing references to the disks (deldisk step).
v Rereplicating or rebalancing blocks across the remaining disks (restripe step).
These two functions can be done in one pass over the file system, or in two passes if the -a option is
specified.

Run the mmdeldisk command when system demand is low.

If a replacement for a failing disk is available, use the mmrpldisk command in order to keep the file
system balanced. Otherwise, use one of these procedures to delete a disk:
v If the file system is replicated, replica copies can be preserved at all times by using the default -r
option or the -b option.
v Using the -m option will not preserve replication during the deldisk step because it will only copy the
minimal amount of data off the disk being deleted so that every block has at least one copy. Also,
using the -a option will not preserve replication during the deldisk step, but will then re-establish
replication during the subsequent restripe step.
v If you want to move all data off the disk before running mmdeldisk, use mmchdisk to suspend all the
disks that will be deleted and run mmrestripefs with the -r or -b option. This step is no longer
necessary, now that mmdeldisk does the same function. If mmdeldisk fails (or is canceled), it leaves
the disks in the suspended state, and mmdeldisk can be retried when the problem that caused
mmdeldisk to stop is corrected.
v If the disk is permanently damaged and the file system is not replicated, or if the mmdeldisk
command repeatedly fails, see the General Parallel File System: Problem Determination Guide and search
for Disk media failure.

If the last disk in a storage pool is deleted, the storage pool is deleted. The mmdeldisk command is not
permitted to delete the system storage pool. A storage pool must be empty in order for it to be deleted.

Results

Upon successful completion of the mmdeldisk command, these tasks are completed:
v Data that has not been replicated from the target disks is migrated to other disks in the file system.
v Remaining disks are rebalanced, if specified.

Parameters
Device The device name of the file system to delete the disks from. File system names need not be
fully-qualified. fs0 is as acceptable as /dev/fs0. This must be the first parameter.

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 173

"DiskName[;DiskName...]"
Specifies the names of the disks to be deleted from the file system. If there is more than one disk
to be deleted, delimit each name with a semicolon (;) and enclose the list in quotation marks.
-F DiskFile
Specifies a file that contains the names of the disks (one name per line), to be deleted from the
GPFS cluster.
-N {Node[,Node...] | NodeFile | NodeClass }
Specifies the nodes that participate in the restripe of the file system after the specified disks have
| been removed. This command supports all defined node classes. The default is all or the current
| value of the defaultHelperNodes parameter of the mmchconfig command.
For general information on how to specify node names, see “Specifying nodes as input to GPFS
commands” on page 3.

Options
-a Specifies that the mmdeldisk command not wait for rereplicating or rebalancing to complete
before returning. When this flag is specified, the mmdeldisk command runs asynchronously and
returns after the file system descriptor is updated and the rebalancing scan is started, but it does
not wait for rebalancing to finish. If no rebalancing is requested (-r option is not specified), this
option has no effect.
If -m is specified, this option has no effect. If -r or -b is specified (no option defaulting to -r ),
then the deldisk step is done using -m, and the restripe step is done using the specified option.
-b Rebalances the blocks onto the other disks while moving data off the disks being deleted. This
might have to move much more data than the -r operation.

Note: Rebalancing of files is an I/O intensive and time consuming operation, and is important
only for file systems with large files that are mostly invariant. In many cases, normal file update
and creation will rebalance your file system over time, without the cost of the rebalancing.
-c Specifies that processing continues even in the event that unreadable data exists on the disks
being deleted. Data that has not been replicated is lost. Replicated data is not lost as long as the
disks containing the replication are accessible.
-m Does minimal data copying to preserve any data that is located only on the disks being removed.
This is the fastest way to get a disk out of the system, but it could reduce replication of some
blocks of the files and metadata.

Note: This might be I/O intensive if there is a lot of data to be copied or rereplicated off the
disks that are being deleted.
-r Preserves replication of all files and metadata during the mmdeldisk operation (except when the
-a option is specified). This is the default.

Note: This might be I/O intensive if there is a lot of data to be copied or rereplicated off the
disks that are being deleted.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmdeldisk command.

174 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Examples

To delete gpfs2nsd and gpfs3nsd from file system fs0 and rebalance the files across the remaining disks,
issue this command:
mmdeldisk fs2 hd34vsd3

The system displays information similar to:

Deleting disks ...
Scanning system storage pool
Scanning file system metadata, phase 1 ...
19 % complete on Mon Apr 20 16:28:01 2009
57 % complete on Mon Apr 20 16:35:07 2009
85 % complete on Mon Apr 20 16:42:01 2009
100 % complete on Mon Apr 20 16:46:08 2009
Scan completed successfully.
Scanning file system metadata, phase 2 ...
1 % complete on Mon Apr 20 16:46:11 2009
37 % complete on Mon Apr 20 16:47:16 2009
75 % complete on Mon Apr 20 16:48:18 2009
100 % complete on Mon Apr 20 16:48:57 2009
Scanning file system metadata for sp1 storage pool
7 % complete on Mon Apr 20 16:49:00 2009
57 % complete on Mon Apr 20 16:49:22 2009
63 % complete on Mon Apr 20 16:49:25 2009
100 % complete on Mon Apr 20 16:49:41 2009
Scan completed successfully.
Scanning file system metadata, phase 3 ...
15 % complete on Mon Apr 20 16:49:44 2009
62 % complete on Mon Apr 20 16:49:53 2009
92 % complete on Mon Apr 20 16:49:59 2009
100 % complete on Mon Apr 20 16:50:01 2009
Scan completed successfully.
Scanning file system metadata, phase 4 ...
Scan completed successfully.
Scanning user file metadata ...
0.00 % complete on Mon Apr 20 16:50:54 2009 ( 0 inodes 0 MB)
61.00 % complete on Mon Apr 20 16:50:59 2009 ( 813568 inodes 67426 MB)
70.02 % complete on Mon Apr 20 16:55:29 2009 ( 860078208 inodes 580652 MB)
82.02 % complete on Mon Apr 20 17:01:30 2009 (1161455840 inodes 842554 MB)
94.02 % complete on Mon Apr 20 17:07:33 2009 (1372589777 inodes 1041221 MB)
99.02 % complete on Mon Apr 20 17:10:05 2009 (1373226810 inodes 1051640 MB)
100.00 % complete on Mon Apr 20 17:10:20 2009
Scan completed successfully.
Checking Allocation Map for storage pool ’system’
0 % complete on Mon Apr 20 17:10:40 2009
1 % complete on Mon Apr 20 17:11:23 2009
29 % complete on Mon Apr 20 17:18:02 2009
59 % complete on Mon Apr 20 17:21:21 2009
87 % complete on Mon Apr 20 17:23:12 2009
100 % complete on Mon Apr 20 17:23:58 2009
tsdeldisk64 completed.
mmdeldisk: Propagating the cluster configuration data to all
affected nodes. This is an asynchronous process.

See also

“mmadddisk Command” on page 73

“mmchdisk Command” on page 112

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 175

“mmlsdisk Command” on page 232

“mmrpldisk Command” on page 298

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

176 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

mmdelfileset Command
Deletes a GPFS fileset.

Synopsis

mmdelfileset Device FilesetName [-f]

Description

The mmdelfileset command deletes a GPFS fileset. The mmdelfileset command fails if the fileset is not
empty or is currently linked into the name space, unless the -f flag is specified.

The root fileset cannot be deleted.

If the deleted fileset is included in a snapshot, the fileset is deleted from the active file system, but
remains part of the file system in a deleted state. Filesets in the deleted state are displayed by the
mmlsfileset command with their names in parenthesis. If the -L flag is specified, the latest including
snapshot is also displayed. A deleted fileset's contents are still available in the snapshot (that is, through
some path name containing a .snapshots component), since it was saved when the snapshot was created.
mmlsfileset command illustrates the display of a deleted fileset. When the last snapshot that includes the
fileset has been deleted, the fileset is fully removed from the file system.

For information on GPFS filesets, see the topic Information Lifecycle Management for GPFS in General Parallel
File System: Advanced Administration Guide.

Options
-f Forces the deletion of the fileset. All fileset contents are deleted. Any child filesets are first
unlinked.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmdelfileset command.

Examples
1. This sequence of commands illustrates what happens when attempting to delete a fileset that is
linked.

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 177

a. Command:
mmlsfileset gpfs1
The system displays output similar to:
Filesets in file system ’gpfs1’:
Name Status Path
root Linked /gpfs1
fset1 Linked /gpfs1/fset1
fset2 Unlinked --
b. Command:
mmdelfileset gpfs1 fset1
The system displays output similar to:
Fileset fset1 must be unlinked to be deleted.
c. Command:
mmdelfileset gpfs1 fset2
The system displays output similar to:
Fileset ’fset2’ deleted.
d. To confirm the change, issue this command:
mmlsfileset gpfs1
The system displays output similar to:
Filesets in file system ’gpfs1’:
Name Status Path
root Linked /gpfs1
fset1 Linked /gpfs1/fset1

2. This sequence of commands illustrates what happens when attempting to delete a fileset that contains
user files.
a. Command:
mmlsfileset gpfs1
The system displays output similar to:
Filesets in file system ’gpfs1’:
Name Status Path
root Linked /gpfs1
fset1 Linked /gpfs1/fset1
fset2 Unlinked --
b. Command:
mmdelfileset gpfs1 fset2
The system displays output similar to:
Fileset ’fset2’ contains user files,
but can be deleted with the "-f" option.
c. Command:
mmdelfileset gpfs1 fset2 -f
The system displays output similar to:
Deleting user files ...
83 % complete on Tue Dec 17 11:38:25 2005
86 % complete on Tue Dec 17 11:42:47 2005
88 % complete on Tue Dec 17 11:43:13 2005
91 % complete on Tue Dec 17 11:44:15 2005
94 % complete on Tue Dec 17 11:45:20 2005
97 % complete on Tue Dec 17 11:50:14 2005
100 % complete on Tue Dec 17 11:50:47 2005
Fileset ’fset2’ deleted.

d. To confirm the change, issue this command:

mmlsfileset gpfs1

178 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

The system displays output similar to:
Filesets in file system ’gpfs1’:
Name Status Path
root Linked /gpfs1
fset1 Linked /gpfs1/fset1

See also

“mmchfileset Command” on page 119

“mmcrfileset Command” on page 142

“mmlinkfileset Command” on page 222

“mmlsfileset Command” on page 235

“mmunlinkfileset Command” on page 315

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 179

mmdelfs Command
Removes a GPFS file system.

Synopsis

mmdelfs Device [-p]

Description

The mmdelfs command removes all the structures for the specified file system from the nodes in the
cluster.

Before you can delete a file system using the mmdelfs command, you must unmount it on all nodes.

Results

Upon successful completion of the mmdelfs command, these tasks are completed on all nodes:
v Deletes the character device entry from /dev.
v Removes the mount point directory where the file system had been mounted.

Parameters
Device The device name of the file system to be removed. File system names need not be fully-qualified.
fs0 is as acceptable as /dev/fs0.
This must be the first parameter.

Options
-p Indicates that the disks are permanently damaged and the file system information should be
removed from the GPFS cluster data even if the disks cannot be marked as available.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security
You must have root authority to run the mmdelfs command.

Examples

To delete file system fs0, issue this command:

mmdelfs fs0

The system displays information similar to:

mmdelfs: 6027-1366 Marking the disks as available
GPFS: 6027-573 All data on following disks of fs0 will be destroyed:
gpfs9nsd
gpfs10nsd

180 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

gpfs15nsd
gpfs17nsd
GPFS: 6027-574 Completed deletion of file system fs0.
mmdelfs: 6027-1371 Propagating the changes to all affected
nodes. This is an asynchronous process.

See also

“mmcrfs Command” on page 144

“mmchfs Command” on page 121

“mmlsfs Command” on page 238

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 181

mmdelnode Command
Removes one or more nodes from a GPFS cluster.

Synopsis

mmdelnode {-a | -N Node[,Node...] | NodeFile | NodeClass}

Description

Use the mmdelnode command to delete one or more nodes from the GPFS cluster. You may issue the
mmdelnode command on any GPFS node.

| A node cannot be deleted if any of the following are true:

| 1. It is a primary or secondary GPFS cluster configuration server.
| The node being deleted cannot be the primary or secondary GPFS cluster configuration server unless
| you intend to delete the entire cluster.
| You can determine whether a node is the primary or secondary configuration server by issuing the
| mmlscluster command. If the node is listed as of the servers and you still want to delete it without
| deleting the cluster, first use themmchcluster command to assign another node as the server.
| 2. It is defined as an NSD server.
| The node being deleted cannot be defined as an NSD server for any disk unless you intend to delete
| the entire cluster.
| You can determine whether a node is an NSD server for one or more disks by issuing the mmlsnsd
| command. If the node is listed as an NSD server and you still want to delete it without deleting the
| cluster, first use the mmchnsd command to assign another node as an NSD server for the affected
| disks.
| 3. If the GPFS state is unknown and the node is reachable on the network.
| You cannot delete a node if both of the following are true:
| v The node responds to a TCP/IP ping command from another node.
| v The status of the node shows unknown when you use the mmgetstate command from another node
| in the cluster.

| You must follow these rules when deleting nodes:

1. Unless all nodes in the cluster are being deleted, run the mmdelnode command from a node that will
remain in the cluster.
2. Before you can delete a node, unmount all of the GPFS file systems and stop GPFS on the node to be
deleted.
3. Exercise caution when shutting down GPFS on quorum nodes. If the number of remaining quorum
nodes falls below the requirement for a quorum, you will be unable to perform file system operations.
See the General Parallel File System: Concepts, Planning, and Installation Guide and search for quorum.

| Each GPFS cluster is managed independently, so there is no automatic coordination and propagation of
changes between clusters like there is between the nodes within a cluster. This means that if you
permanently delete nodes that are being used as contact nodes by other GPFS clusters that can mount
your file systems, you should notify the administrators of those GPFS clusters so that they can update
their own environments.

Results

Upon successful completion of the mmdelnode command, the specified nodes are deleted from the GPFS
cluster.

182 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Parameters
-a Delete all nodes in the cluster.
-N {Node[,Node...] | NodeFile | NodeClass}
Specifies the set of nodes to be deleted from the cluster. For general information on how to
specify node names, see “Specifying nodes as input to GPFS commands” on page 3.
This command does not support a NodeClass of mount.

Options

None.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmdelnode command.

You may issue the mmdelnode command from any node that will remain in the GPFS cluster.

Examples
1. To delete all of the nodes in the cluster, issue this command:
mmdelnode -a

The system displays information similar to:

Verifying GPFS is stopped on all affected nodes ...
mmdelnode: Command successfully completed
mmdelnode: 6027-1371 Propagating the cluster configuration data to
all affected nodes. This is an asynchronous process.
2. To delete nodes k145n12, k145n13, and k145n14, issue this command:
mmdelnode -N k145n12,k145n13,k145n14

The system displays information similar to:

See also

“mmaddnode Command” on page 77

“mmcrcluster Command” on page 138

“mmchconfig Command” on page 102

“mmlsfs Command” on page 238

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 183

“mmlscluster Command” on page 228

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

184 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

mmdelnsd Command
Deletes Network Shared Disks (NSDs) from the GPFS cluster.

Synopsis

mmdelnsd {"DiskName[;DiskName...]" | -F DiskFile}

Or,

mmdelnsd -p NSDId [-N {Node[,Node] }]

Description

The mmdelnsd command serves two purposes:

1. To delete NSDs from the GPFS cluster.
2. To remove the unique NSD volume ID left on a disk after the failure of a previous invocation of the
mmdelnsd command. The NSD had been successfully deleted from the GPFS cluster but there was a
failure to clear sector 2 of the disk.

NSDs being deleted cannot be part of any file system. Either the mmdeldisk or mmdelfs command must
be issued prior to deleting the NSDs from the GPFS cluster.

NSDs being deleted cannot be tiebreaker disks. Use the mmchconfig command to assign new tiebreaker
disks prior to deleting NSDs from the cluster. For information on tiebreaker disks, see the Quorum topic
in the GPFS: Concepts, Planning, and Installation Guide.

Results

Upon successful completion of the mmdelnsd command, these tasks are completed:
v All references to the disks are removed from the GPFS cluster data.
v Sector 2 of each disk is cleared of its unique NSD volume ID.
v On Windows, the disk's GPT partition table is removed leaving the disk Unknown/Not Initialized.

Parameters
DiskName[;DiskName...]
Specifies the names of the NSDs to be deleted from the GPFS cluster. Specify the names
generated when the NSDs were created. Use the mmlsnsd -F command to display disk names. If
there is more than one disk to be deleted, delimit each name with a semicolon (;) and enclose the
list of disk names in quotation marks.
-F DiskFile
Specifies a file containing the names of the NSDs, one per line, to be deleted from the GPFS
cluster.
-N Node[,Node]
Specifies the nodes to which the disk is attached. If no nodes are listed, the disk is assumed to be
directly attached to the local node.
For general information on how to specify node names, see “Specifying nodes as input to GPFS
commands” on page 3.
-p NSDId
Specifies the NSD volume ID of an NSD that needs to be cleared from the disk as indicated by
the failure of a previous invocation of the mmdelnsd command.

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 185

Options

NONE

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmdelnsd command.

Examples

To delete gpfs47nsd from the GPFS cluster, issue this command:

mmdelnsd "gpfs47nsd"

The system displays output similar to:

mmdelnsd: Processing disk gpfs47nsd
mmdelnsd: 6027-1371 Propagating the changes to all affected
nodes. This is an asynchronous process.

See also

“mmcrnsd Command” on page 151

“mmlsnsd Command” on page 248

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

186 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

mmdelsnapshot Command
Deletes a GPFS snapshot.

Synopsis

| mmdelsnapshot Device SnapshotName [-N {Node [,Node...] | NodeFile | NodeClass}]

Description

Use the mmdelsnapshot command to delete a GPFS snapshot.

Once the mmdelsnapshot command has been issued, the snapshot is marked for deletion and cannot be
recovered.

If the node from which the mmdelsnapshot command is issued fails, reissue the command from another
node in the cluster to complete the deletion. Prior to reissuing a subsequent mmdelsnapshot command,
the file system may be recovered, mounted, and updates may continue to be made and the
mmcrsnapshot command may be issued. However, the mmrestorefs and mmdelsnapshot commands
may not be issued on other snapshots until the present snapshot is successfully deleted.

If the mmdelsnapshot command is issued while a conflicting command is running, the mmdelsnapshot
command waits for that command to complete. Conflicting operations include:
1. Other snapshot commands on the same snapshot
2. Adding, deleting, replacing disks in the file system
3. Rebalancing, repairing, reducing disk fragmentation in a file system

Any files open in the snapshot will be forcibly closed. The user will receive an errno of ESTALE on the
next file access.

Parameters
Device The device name of the file system for which the snapshot is to be deleted. File system names
need not be fully-qualified. fs0 is just as acceptable as /dev/fs0.
This must be the first parameter.
| SnapshotName
| The name of the snapshot to be deleted
-N {Node [,Node...] | NodeFile | NodeClass}
Specifies the nodes that participate in the deleting of the snapshot. This command supports all
| defined node classes. The default is all or the current value of the defaultHelperNodes parameter
| of the mmchconfig command.
For general information on how to specify node names, see “Specifying nodes as input to GPFS
commands” on page 3.

Options

NONE

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 187

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmdelsnapshot command.

Examples

To delete the snapshot snap1, for the file system fs1, issue this command:
mmdelsnapshot fs1 snap1

The output is similar to this:

Deleting snapshot files...
Delete snapshot snap1 complete, err = 0

Before issuing the command, the directory structure would appear similar to:
/fs1/file1
/fs1/userA/file2
/fs1/userA/file3

/fs1/.snapshots/snap1/file1
/fs1/.snapshots/snap1/userA/file2
/fs1/.snapshots/snap1/userA/file3

After the command has been issued, the directory structure would appear similar to:
/fs1/file1
/fs1/userA/file2
/fs1/userA/file3
/fs1/.snapshots

See also

“mmcrsnapshot Command” on page 156

“mmlssnapshot Command” on page 256

“mmrestorefs Command” on page 289

“mmsnapdir Command” on page 304

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

188 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

mmdf Command
Queries available file space on a GPFS file system.

Synopsis

mmdf Device [-d | -F | -m] [-P PoolName]

Description

Use the mmdf command to display available file space on a GPFS file system. For each disk in the GPFS
file system, the mmdf command displays this information, by failure group and storage pool:
v The size of the disk.
v The failure group of the disk.
v Whether the disk is used to hold data, metadata, or both.
v Available space in full blocks.
v Available space in fragments.

Displayed values are rounded down to a multiple of 1024 bytes. If the fragment size used by the file
system is not a multiple of 1024 bytes, then the displayed values may be lower than the actual values.
This can result in the display of a total value that exceeds the sum of the rounded values displayed for
individual disks. The individual values are accurate if the fragment size is a multiple of 1024 bytes.

For the file system, the mmdf command displays:

v The total number of inodes and the number available.

The mmdf command may be run against a mounted or unmounted file system.

Notes:
1. This command is I/O intensive and should be run when the system load is light.
2. An asterisk at the end of a line means that this disk is in a state where it is not available for new
block allocation.

Parameters
Device The device name of the file system to be queried for available file space. File system names need
not be fully-qualified. fs0 is as acceptable as /dev/fs0.
This must be the first parameter.

Options
-d List only disks that can hold data.
-F List the number of inodes and how many of them are free.
-m List only disks that can hold metadata.
-P PoolName
Lists only disks that belong to the requested storage pool.

The default is to list all disks.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 189

nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

If you are a root user, the node on which the command is issued must be able to execute remote shell
commands on any other node in the cluster without the use of a password and without producing any
extraneous messages. See “Requirements for administering a GPFS file system” on page 1.

If you are a non-root user, you may specify only file systems that belong to the same cluster as the node
on which the mmdf command was issued.

Examples
1. To query all disks in the fs2 file system that can hold data, issue this command:
mmdf fs2 -d
The system displays information similar to:
disk disk size failure holds holds free KB in free KB in
name in KB group metadata data full blocks fragments
----------- --------- -------- -------- ---- ----------- ---------
Disks in storage pool: system (Maximum disk size allowed is 833 GB)
------------- -------- ----------
(pool total) 0 0 (0%) 0 (0%)

Disks in storage pool: sp1 (Maximum disk size allowed is 359 GB)
gpfs1002nsd 8897968 1 no yes 8342016 (94%) 928 (0%)
--------- ------------- ------------
(pool total) 8897968 8342016 (94%) 928 (0%)

========= ============== ============

(data) 8897968 8342016 (94%) 928 (0%)
(metadata) 0 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
========= ============= ============
(total) 8897968 8342016 (94%) 928 (0%)
2. To query all disks in the fs2 file system that can hold metadata, issue this command:
mmdf fs2 -m
The system displays information similar to:
disk disk size failure holds holds free KB in free KB in
name in KB group metadata data full blocks fragments
----------- --------- -------- -------- ---- ---------- ----------
Disks in storage pool: system (Maximum disk size allowed is 833 GB)
gpfs1001nsd 8897968 4001 yes no 8738816 (98%) 1520 (0%)
--------- ------------- ---------
(pool total) 8897968 8738816 (98%) 1520 (0%)

Disks in storage pool: sp1 (Maximum disk size allowed is 359 GB)
--------- ------------ ----–----
(pool total) 0 0 (0%) 0 (0%)

========= ============ =========

(data) 0 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
(metadata) 8897968 8738816 (98%) 1520 (0%)
========= ============= =========
(total) 8897968 8738816 (98%) 1520 (0%)
3. To query fs1 for inode information, issue this command:
mmdf fs1 -F
The system displays information similar to:

190 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Inode Information
-----------------
Number of used inodes: 4084
Number of free inodes: 3002380
Number of allocated inodes: 3006464
Maximum number of inodes: 3006464

See also

“mmchfs Command” on page 121

“mmcrfs Command” on page 144

“mmdelfs Command” on page 180

“mmlsfs Command” on page 238

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 191

| mmdiag Command
| The mmdiag command displays diagnostic information about the internal GPFS state on the current
| node.

| Synopsis

| mmdiag[--help] [--all] [--version] [--waiters] [--threads] [--memory] [--network] [--config] [--trace]

| [--iohist] [--tokenmgr] [--stats]

| Description

| Use the mmdiag command to query various aspects of the GPFS internal state for troubleshooting and
| tuning purposes. The mmdiag command displays information about the state of GPFS on the node where
| it is executed. The command obtains the required information by querying the GPFS daemon process
| (mmfsd), and thus will only function when the GPFS daemon is running.

| Results

| The mmdiag command displays the requested information and returns 0 if successful.

| Parameters

| None.

| Options
| --version
| Displays information about the GPFS build currently running on this node. This helps in
| troubleshooting installation problems. The information displayed here may be more
| comprehensive than version information available via the OS package management infrastructure,
| in particular when an e-fix is installed.
| --waiters
| Displays mmfsd threads waiting for events. This information can be very helpful in
| troubleshooting deadlocks and performance problems. For each thread, the thread name, wait
| time in seconds, and wait reason are typically shown. Only non-idle threads currently waiting for
| some event to occur are displayed. Note that only mmfsd threads are shown; any application IO
| threads that might be waiting in GPFS kernel code would not be present here.
| --threads
| Displays mmfsd thread statistics and the list of active threads. For each thread, its type and
| kernel thread ID are shown. All non-idle mmfsd threads are shown. For those threads that are
| currently waiting for an event, the wait reason and wait time in seconds are shown. This
| information provides more detail than the data displayed by mmdiag --waiters.
| --network
| Displays information about mmfsd network connections and pending Remote Procedure Calls
| (RPCs). Basic information and statistics about all existing mmfsd network connections to other
| nodes is displayed, including information about broken connections. If there are currently any
| RPCs pending (that is, sent but not yet replied to), the information about each one is shown,
| including the list of RPC destinations and the status of the request for each destination. This
| information can be very helpful in following a multinode chain of dependencies during a
| deadlock or performance-problem troubleshooting.
| --config
| Displays configuration parameters and their settings. The list of configuration parameters shown
| here consists of configuration parameters known to mmfsd. Note that some configuration

192 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

| parameters (for example, trace settings) are only perused by the layers of code above mmfsd, and
| those will be shown in mmlsconfig output, but not here.
| On the other hand, while mmlsconfig only displays a subset of configuration parameters
| (generally those that have nondefault settings), the list here shows a larger parameter set. All of
| the documented mmfsd configuration parameters are shown, plus some of the undocumented
| parameters (generally those that are likely to be helpful in tuning and troubleshooting).
| Note that parameter values shown here are those currently in effect (as opposed to the values
| shown in mmlsconfig output, which may show the settings that will become effective on the next
| GPFS restart).
| --trace Display current trace status and trace levels. During GPFS troubleshooting, it is often necessary to
| use the trace subsystem to obtain the debug data necessary to understand the problem (see the
| topic about the GPFS trace facility in the GPFS Problem Determination Guide.) It is very important
| to have trace levels set correctly, per instructions provided by IBM Service personnel. The
| information shown here allows you to check the state of tracing and to see the trace levels
| currently in effect.
| --memory
| Displays information about mmfsd memory usage. There are several distinct memory regions
| that mmfsd allocates and uses, and it can be important to know the memory usage situation for
| each one.
| Heap memory allocated by mmfsd
| This area is managed by the OS and does not have a preset limit enforced by GPFS.
| Memory pools 1 and 2
| Both of these refer to a single memory area, also known as the shared segment. It is used
| to cache various kinds of internal GPFS metadata, as well as for many other internal uses.
| This memory area is allocated using a special, platform-specific mechanism and is shared
| between user space and kernel code. The preset limit on the maximum shared segment
| size, current usage, and some prior usage information are shown here.
| Memory pool 3
| This area is also known as the token manager pool. This memory area is used to store the
| token state on token manager servers. The preset limit on the maximum memory pool
| size, current usage, and some prior-usage information are shown here.
| This information can be useful when troubleshooting ENOMEM errors returned by GPFS to a
| user application, as well as memory allocation failures reported in a GPFS log file.
| --tokenmgr
| Displays information about token management. For each mounted GPFS file system, one or more
| token manager nodes will be appointed. The first token manager is always colocated with the file
| system manager, while additional token managers may be appointed from the pool of nodes with
| the manager designation. The information shown here includes the list of currently appointed
| token manager nodes and, if the current node is serving as a token manager, some statistics about
| prior token transactions.
| --stats Displays some general GPFS statistics.
| GPFS uses a diverse array of objects to maintain the file system state and cache various types of
| metadata. The statistics about some of the more important object types are shown here.
| OpenFile
| This object is needed to access an inode. The target maximum number of cached
| OpenFile objects is governed by the maxFilesToCache configuration parameter. Note that
| more OpenFile objects may be cached, depending on workload.
| CompactOpenFile
| These objects contain an abbreviated form of an OpenFile, and are collectively known as

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 193

| stat cache. The target maximum number of cached CompactOpenFile objects is governed
| by the maxStatCache configuration parameter.
| OpenInstance
| This object is created for each open file instance (file or directory opened by a distinct
| process).
| BufferDesc
| This object is used to manage buffers in the GPFS pagepool.
| indBlockDesc
| This object is used to cache indirect block data.
| All of these objects use the shared segment memory. For each object type, there is a preset target,
| derived from a combination of configuration parameters and the memory available in the shared
| segment. The information about current object usage can be helpful in performance tuning.
| --iohist
| Displays recent IO history. The information about IO requests recently submitted by GPFS code is
| shown here. It can provide some insight into various aspects of GPFS IO, such as the type of data
| or metadata being read or written, the distribution of IO sizes, and IO completion times for
| individual IOs. This information can be very useful in performance tuning and troubleshooting.
| --all Displays all available information. This is the same as specifying all of the parameters described
| above.
| --help Displays a brief usage message.

| Exit status
| 0 Successful completion.
| nonzero
| A failure has occurred.

| Security

| You must have root authority to run the mmdiag command.

194 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

| See also

| Not applicable.

| Location

| /usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 195

mmeditacl Command
Creates or changes a GPFS access control list.

Synopsis

mmeditacl [-d] [-k {nfs4 | posix | native}] Filename

Description

Use the mmeditacl command for interactive editing of the ACL of a file or directory. This command uses
the default editor, specified in the EDITOR environment variable, to display the current access control
information, and allows the file owner to change it. The command verifies the change request with the
user before making permanent changes.

This command cannot be run from a Windows node.

The EDITOR environment variable must contain a complete path name, for example:
export EDITOR=/bin/vi

For information about NFS V4 ACLs, see Chapter 6, “Managing GPFS access control lists and NFS
export,” on page 51 and “NFS and GPFS” on page 59.

Users may need to see ACLs in their true form as well as how they are translated for access evaluations.
There are four cases:
1. By default, mmeditacl returns the ACL in a format consistent with the file system setting, specified
using the -k flag on the mmcrfs or mmchfs commands.
v If the setting is posix, the ACL is shown as a traditional ACL.
v If the setting is nfs4, the ACL is shown as an NFS V4 ACL.
v If the setting is all, the ACL is returned in its true form.
2. The command mmeditacl -k nfs4 always produces an NFS V4 ACL.
3. The command mmeditacl -k posix always produces a traditional ACL.
4. The command mmeditacl -k native always shows the ACL in its true form regardless of the file
system setting.

The following describes how mmeditacl works for POSIX and NFS V4 ACLs:
Command ACL mmcrfs -k Display -d (default)
------------------- ----- --------- ------------- --------------
mmeditacl posix posix Access ACL Default ACL
mmeditacl posix nfs4 NFS V4 ACL Error[1]
mmeditacl posix all Access ACL Default ACL
mmeditacl nfs4 posix Access ACL[2] Default ACL[2]
mmeditacl nfs4 nfs4 NFS V4 ACL Error[1]
mmeditacl nfs4 all NFS V4 ACL Error[1]
mmeditacl -k native posix any Access ACL Default ACL
mmeditacl -k native nfs4 any NFS V4 ACL Error[1]
mmeditacl -k posix posix any Access ACL Default ACL
mmeditacl -k posix nfs4 any Access ACL[2] Default ACL[2]
mmeditacl -k nfs4 any any NFS V4 ACL Error[1]
---------------------------------------------------------------------
[1] NFS V4 ACLs include inherited entries. Consequently, there cannot
be a separate default ACL.
[2] Only the mode entries (owner, group, everyone) are translated.
The rwx values are derived from the
NFS V4 file mode attribute. Since the NFS V4 ACL is more granular
in nature, some information is lost in this translation.
---------------------------------------------------------------------

196 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

In the case of NFS V4 ACLs, there is no concept of a default ACL. Instead, there is a single ACL and the
individual access control entries can be flagged as being inherited (either by files, directories, both, or
neither). Consequently, specifying the -d flag for an NFS V4 ACL is an error. By its nature, storing an NFS
V4 ACL implies changing the inheritable entries (the GPFS default ACL) as well.

Depending on the file system's -k setting (posix, nfs4, or all), mmeditacl may be restricted. The
mmeditacl command is not allowed to store an NFS V4 ACL if -k posix is in effect, and is not allowed to
store a POSIX ACL if -k nfs4 is in effect. For more information, see the description of the -k flag for the
mmchfs, mmcrfs, and mmlsfs commands.

Parameters
Filename
The path name of the file or directory for which the ACL is to be edited. If the -d option is
specified, Filename must contain the name of a directory.

Options
-d Specifies that the default ACL of a directory is to be edited.
-k {nfs4 | posix | native}
nfs4 Always produces an NFS V4 ACL.
posix Always produces a traditional ACL.
native Always shows the ACL in its true form regardless of the file system setting.
This option should not be used for routine ACL manipulation. It is intended to provide a way to
show the translations that are done. For example, if a posix ACL is translated by NFS V4. Beware
that if the -k nfs4 flag is used, but the file system does not allow NFS V4 ACLs, you will not be
able to store the ACL that is returned. If the file system does support NFS V4 ACLs, the -k nfs4
flag is an easy way to convert an existing posix ACL to nfs4 format.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You may issue the mmeditacl command only from a node in the GPFS cluster where the file system is
mounted.

The mmeditacl command may be used to display an ACL. POSIX ACLs may be displayed by any user
with access to the file or directory. NFS V4 ACLs have a READ_ACL permission that is required for
non-privileged users to be able to see an ACL. To change an existing ACL, the user must either be the
owner, the root user, or someone with control permission (WRITE_ACL is required where the existing
ACL is of type NFS V4).

Examples

To edit the ACL for a file named project2.history, issue this command:
mmeditacl project2.history

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 197

mmeditacl: 6027-967 Should the modified ACL be applied? (yes) or (no)

After responding yes, the ACLs are applied.

See also

“mmdelacl Command” on page 170

“mmgetacl Command” on page 213

“mmputacl Command” on page 269

Location
/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

198 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

mmedquota Command
Sets quota limits.

Synopsis

mmedquota {-u [-p ProtoUser] User...| -g [-p ProtoGroup] Group... | -j [-p ProtoFileset ] Device:Fileset... | -d
{-u User...| -g Group... | -j Device:Fileset...} | -t {-u | -g | -j}}

Description

The mmedquota command serves two purposes:

1. Sets or changes quota limits or grace periods for users, groups, and filesets in the cluster from which
the command is issued.
2. Reestablishes user, group, or fileset default quotas for all file systems with default quotas enabled in
the cluster.

The mmedquota command displays the current values for these limits, if any, and prompts you to enter
new values using your default editor:
v current block usage (display only)
v current inode usage (display only)
v inode soft limit
v inode hard limit
v block soft limit
Displayed in KB, but may be specified using g, G, k, K, m, or M. If no suffix is provided, the number
is assumed to be in bytes.
v block hard limit
Displayed in KB, but may be specified using g, G, k, K, m, or M. If no suffix is provided, the number
is assumed to be in bytes.

Note: A block or inode limit of 0 indicates no limit.

The mmedquota command waits for the edit window to be closed before checking and applying new
values. If an incorrect entry is made, reissue the command and enter the correct values.

You can also use the mmedquota command to change the file system-specific grace periods for block and
file usage if the default of one week is unsatisfactory. The grace period is the time during which users
can exceed the soft limit. If the user, group, or fileset does not show reduced usage below the soft limit
before the grace period expires, the soft limit becomes the new hard limit.

When setting quota limits for a file system, replication within the file system should be considered. GPFS
quota management takes replication into account when reporting on and determining if quota limits have
been exceeded for both block and file usage. In a file system that has either type of replication set to a
value of two, the values reported by both the mmlsquota command and the mmrepquota command are
double the value reported by the ls command.

The EDITOR environment variable must contain a complete path name, for example:
export EDITOR=/bin/vi

This command cannot be run from a Windows node.

Parameters
User Name or user ID of target user for quota editing.

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 199

Group Name or group ID of target group for quota editing.

Options
-d Reestablish default quota limits for a specific user, group, or fileset that has had an explicit quota
limit set by a previous invocation of the mmedquota command.
-g Sets quota limits or grace times for groups.
-j Sets quota limits or grace times for filesets.
-p Applies already-established limits to a particular user, group or fileset.
When invoked with the -u option, ProtoUser limits are automatically applied to the specified User
or space-delimited list of users.
When invoked with the -g option, ProtoGroup limits are automatically applied to the specified
Group or space-delimited list of groups.
When invoked with the -j option, ProtoFileset limits are automatically applied to the specified
fileset or space-delimited list of fileset names.
You can specify any user as a ProtoUser for another User, or any group as a ProtoGroup for
another Group, or any fileset as a ProtoFileset for another Fileset.
-t Sets grace period during which quotas can exceed the soft limit before it is imposed as a hard
limit. The default grace period is one week.
This flag is followed by one of the following flags: -u, -g or -j, to specify whether the changes
apply to users, groups, or filesets respectively.
-u Sets quota limits or grace times for users.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmedquota command.

GPFS must be running on the node from which the mmedquota command is issued.

Examples
1. To set user quotas for userid paul, issue this command:
mmedquota -u paul

The system displays information in your default editor similar to:

*** Edit quota limits for USR paul:
NOTE: block limits will be rounded up to the next multiple of
the block size. block units may be: K, M, or G
gpfs0: blocks in use: 864K, limits (soft = 2500K , hard = 10M)
inodes in use: 9, limits (soft = 100, hard = 1000)
2. To reset default group quota values for the group blueteam, issue this command:
mmedquota -d -g blueteam

200 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

To verify the change, issue this command:
mmrepquota -q fs1

The system displays information similar to:

fs1: USR quota is on; default quota is on
fs1: GRP quota is on; default quota is on
fs1: FILESET quota is on; default quota is off
3. To change the grace periods for all users, issue this command:
mmedquota -t -u

The system displays information in your default editor similar to:

*** Edit grace times:
Time units may be : days, hours, minutes, or seconds
Grace period before enforcing soft limits for USRs:
gpfs0: block grace period: 7 days, file grace period: 7 days

See also

“mmcheckquota Command” on page 116

“mmdefedquota Command” on page 159

“mmdefquotaoff Command” on page 162

“mmdefquotaon Command” on page 164

“mmlsquota Command” on page 253

“mmquotaon Command” on page 274

“mmquotaoff Command” on page 272

“mmrepquota Command” on page 282

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 201

mmexportfs Command
Retrieves the information needed to move a file system to a different cluster.

Synopsis

mmexportfs {Device | all} -o ExportFilesysData

Description

The mmexportfs command, in conjunction with the mmimportfs command, can be used to move one or
more GPFS file systems from one GPFS cluster to another GPFS cluster, or to temporarily remove file
systems from the cluster and restore them at a later time. The mmexportfs command retrieves all relevant
file system and disk information and stores it in the file specified with the -o parameter. This file must
later be provided as input to the mmimportfs command. When running the mmexportfs command, the
file system must be unmounted on all nodes.

When all is specified in place of a file system name, any disks that are not associated with a file system
will be exported as well.

Exported file systems remain unusable until they are imported back with the mmimportfs command to
the same or a different GPFS cluster.

Results

Upon successful completion of the mmexportfs command, all configuration information pertaining to the
exported file system and its disks is removed from the configuration data of the current GPFS cluster and
is stored in the user specified file ExportFilesysData.

Parameters
Device | all
The device name of the file system to be exported. File system names need not be fully-qualified.
fs0 is as acceptable as /dev/fs0. Specify all to export all GPFS file systems, as well as all disks that
do not belong to a file system yet. This must be the first parameter.
-o ExportFilesysData
The path name of a file to which the file system information is to be written. This file must be
provided as input to the subsequent mmimportfs command.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmexportfs command.

202 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Examples

To export all file systems in the current cluster, issue this command:
mmexportfs all -o /u/admin/exportfile

The output is similar to this:

mmexportfs: Processing file system fs1 ...

mmexportfs: Processing file system fs2 ...

mmexportfs: Processing disks that do not belong to any file system ...
mmexportfs: 6027-1371 Propagating the changes to all affected
nodes. This is an asynchronous process.

See also

“mmimportfs Command” on page 219

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 203

mmfsck Command
Checks and repairs a GPFS file system.

Synopsis

| mmfsck Device [-n | -y] [-c | -o] [-t Directory] [ -s |-v | -V] [-N {Node[,Node...] | NodeFile | NodeClass}]

The file system must be unmounted before you can run the mmfsck command with any option other
than -o.

Description

The mmfsck command in offline mode is intended to be used only in situations where there have been
disk or communications failures that have caused MMFS_FSSTRUCT error log entries to be issued, or
where it is known that disks have been forcibly removed or otherwise permanently unavailable for use in
the file system, and other unexpected symptoms are seen by users. In general it is unnecessary to run
mmfsck in offline mode unless under the direction of the IBM Support Center.

If neither the -n nor -y flag is specified, the mmfsck command runs interactively prompting you for
permission to repair each consistency error as reported. It is suggested that in all but the most severely
damaged file systems, you run the mmfsck command interactively (the default).

The occurrence of I/O errors, or the appearance of a message telling you to run the mmfsck command,
may indicate file system inconsistencies. If either situation occurs, use the mmfsck command to check file
system consistency and interactively repair the file system.

For information about file system maintenance and repair, see “Checking and repairing a file system” on
page 20. The mmfsck command checks for these inconsistencies:
v Blocks marked allocated that do not belong to any file. The corrective action is to mark the block free
in the allocation map.
v Files for which an inode is allocated and no directory entry exists (orphaned files). The corrective
action is to create directory entries for these files in a lost+found subdirectory of the fileset to which
the orphaned file or directory belongs. The index number of the inode is assigned as the name. If you
do not allow the mmfsck command to reattach an orphaned file, it asks for permission to delete the
file.
v Directory entries pointing to an inode that is not allocated. The corrective action is to remove the
directory entry.
v Incorrectly formed directory entries. A directory file contains the inode number and the generation
number of the file to which it refers. When the generation number in the directory does not match the
generation number stored in the file's inode, the corrective action is to remove the directory entry.
v Incorrect link counts on files and directories. The corrective action is to update them with accurate
counts.
v Policy files are not valid. The corrective action is to delete the file.
v Various problems related to filesets: missing or corrupted fileset metadata, inconsistencies in directory
structure related to filesets, missing or corrupted fileset root directory, other problems in internal data
structures.

If you are repairing a file system due to node failure and the file system has quotas enabled, it is
suggested that you run the mmcheckquota command to recreate the quota files.

Indications leading you to the conclusion that you should run the mmfsck command include:
v An MMFS_FSSTRUCT along with an MMFS_SYSTEM_UNMOUNT error log entry on any node
indicating some critical piece of the file system is inconsistent.

204 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

v Disk media failures
v Partial disk failure
v EVALIDATE=214, Invalid checksum or other consistency check failure on a disk data structure,
reported in error logs or returned to an application.

For further information on recovery actions and how to contact the IBM Support Center, see the General
Parallel File System: Problem Determination Guide.

If you are running the online mmfsck command to free allocated blocks that do not belong to any files,
plan to make file system repairs when system demand is low. This is an I/O intensive activity and it can
affect system performance.

Results
If the file system is inconsistent, the mmfsck command displays information about the inconsistencies
and (depending on the option entered) may prompt you for permission to repair them. The mmfsck
command tries to avoid actions that may result in loss of data. In some cases, however, it may indicate
| the destruction of a damaged file.

| All corrective actions, with the exception of recovering lost disk blocks (blocks that are marked as
allocated but do not belong to any file), require that the file system be unmounted on all nodes. If the
mmfsck command is run on a mounted file system, lost blocks are recovered but any other
inconsistencies are only reported, not repaired.

If a bad disk is detected, the mmfsck command stops the disk and writes an entry to the error log. The
operator must manually start and resume the disk when the problem is fixed.

The file system must be unmounted on all nodes before the mmfsck command can repair file system
inconsistencies.

Parameters
Device The device name of the file system to be checked and repaired. File system names need not be
fully-qualified. fs0 is as acceptable as /dev/fs0.
This must be the first parameter.
-N {Node[,Node...] | NodeFile | NodeClass}
Specify the nodes to participate in the check and repair of the file system. This command
| supports all defined node classes. The default is all or the current value of the
| defaultHelperNodes parameter of the mmchconfig command.
For general information on how to specify node names, see “Specifying nodes as input to GPFS
commands” on page 3.

Options
-c When the file system log has been lost and the file system is replicated, this option specifies that
the mmfsck command attempt corrective action by comparing the replicas of metadata and data.
If this error condition occurs, it is indicated by an error log entry. The -c and -o flags are mutually
exclusive.
-n Specifies a no response to all prompts from the mmfsck command. The option reports
inconsistencies but it does not change the file system. To save this information, redirect it to an
output file when you issue the mmfsck command.
-o Specifies that the file system can be mounted during the operation of the mmfsck command.
Online mode does not perform a full file system consistency check, but blocks marked as
allocated that do not belong to a file are recovered. The -c and -o flags are mutually exclusive.

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 205

-y Specifies a yes response to all prompts from the mmfsck command. Use this option only on
severely damaged file systems. It allows the mmfsck command to take any action necessary for
repairs.
-t Directory
Specifies the directory that GPFS uses for temporary storage during mmfsck command
processing. Although you can issue the command from any node, you must specify a temporary
storage directory on the file system manager node. In addition to the location requirement, the
storage directory has a minimum space requirement. The minimum space required (in bytes) is
equal to the maximum number of inodes in the file system multiplied by 16. The default
directory for mmfsck processing is /tmp.
| -s Specifies that the output is semi-verbose.
-v Specifies that the output is verbose.
-V Specifies that the output is verbose and contains information for debugging purposes.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
2 The command was interrupted before it completed checks or repairs.
4 The command changed the file system and it must now be restarted.
8 The file system contains damage that has not been repaired.
16 The problem cannot be fixed.

The exit string is a combination of three different error indicators:

1. The first value is the Exit errno value.
2. The second value is an internal ancillary value that helps explain where the errno value came from.
3. The third value is the OR of several status bits.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmfsck command.

Examples
1. To run the mmfsck command on the fs1 file system, receive a report, but not fix inconsistencies, issue
this command:
mmfsck fs1 -n

The system displays information similar to:

206 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

32768 inodes
39 allocated
0 repairable
0 repaired
0 damaged
0 deallocated
0 orphaned
0 attached

1220704 subblocks
18277 allocated
0 unreferenced
0 deletable
0 deallocated

687 addresses
0 suspended

| File system is clean.

mmfsck found no inconsistencies in this file system.

2. To run the mmfsck command on the fs2 file system, receive a report, and fix inconsistencies, issue
this command:
mmfsck fs2 -y

The system displays information similar to:

Checking "fs2"
Checking inodes

Lost blocks were found.

Correct the allocation map? yes
Checking inode map file

Corrections are needed in the inode allocation map.

Correct the allocation map? yes
Root inode 32512 of fileset ’fset2’ has been deleted.
Delete the inode reference from fileset metadata? yes
Checking directories and files

Error in directory inode 3: DirEntryBad DirLinkCountBad

Directory entry "top_dir" is not an allocated inode.
Patching will delete the directory entry.
Remove directory entry? yes
Directory entry "fset2" is not an allocated inode.
Patching will delete the directory entry.
Remove directory entry? yes
Directory has an incorrect link count of 4.
Corrected link count would be 2
Correct link count? yes

Error in directory inode 12032: DirEntryBad

Directory entry ".." is not an allocated inode.
Cannot allow deletion of this directory entry.

Error in directory inode 12034: DirEntryBad BadFilesetId

Directory entry ".." has a fileset id that does not match fileset id of the directory.
Patching will reset fileset id of inode 32512 to the the fileset id of the directory, 1
Correct fileset id? yes
Directory entry ".." is not an allocated inode.
Cannot allow deletion of this directory entry.

Checking log files

Checking extended attributes file
Checking allocation summary file
Checking policy file

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 207

Checking filesets metadata
Root directory of fileset ’fset2’ (inode -1) is invalid
Recreate fileset root inode and directory? yes
Checking file reference counts

Directory inode 12032 is not referenced in any directory.

Reattach inode to lost+found? yes

Directory inode 12034 is not referenced in any directory.

Reattach inode to lost+found? yes
Checking file system replication status

40960 inodes
40 allocated
3 repairable
2 repaired
0 damaged
0 deallocated
2 orphaned
2 attached

1220704 subblocks
18791 allocated
2 unreferenced
0 deletable
2 deallocated

705 addresses
0 suspended

File system is clean.

See also

“mmcheckquota Command” on page 116

“mmcrfs Command” on page 144

“mmdelfs Command” on page 180

“mmdf Command” on page 189

“mmlsfs Command” on page 238

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

208 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

mmfsctl Command
Issues a file system control request.

Synopsis

mmfsctl Device {suspend | resume}

Or,

mmfsctl Device {exclude | include} {-d "DiskName[;DiskName...]" | -F DiskFile | -G FailureGroup}

Or,

| mmfsctl Device syncFSconfig {-n RemoteNodesFile | -C RemoteClusterName} [-S SpecFile]

Description

Use the mmfsctl command to issue control requests to a particular GPFS file system. The command is
used to temporarily suspend the processing of all application I/O requests, and later resume them, as
well as to synchronize the file system's configuration state between peer clusters in disaster recovery
environments.

See Establishing disaster recovery for your GPFS cluster in General Parallel File System: Advanced Administration
Guide.

Before creating a FlashCopy® image of the file system, the user must run mmfsctl suspend to temporarily
quiesce all file system activity and flush the internal buffers on all nodes that mount this file system. The
on-disk metadata will be brought to a consistent state, which provides for the integrity of the FlashCopy
snapshot. If a request to the file system is issued by the application after the invocation of this command,
GPFS suspends this request indefinitely, or until the user issues mmfsctl resume.

Once the FlashCopy image has been taken, the mmfsctl resume command can be issued to resume the
normal operation and complete any pending I/O requests.

The mmfsctl syncFSconfig command extracts the file system's related information from the local GPFS
configuration data, transfers this data to one of the nodes in the peer cluster, and attempts to import it
there.

Once the GPFS file system has been defined in the primary cluster, users run this command to import the
configuration of this file system into the peer recovery cluster. After producing a FlashCopy image of the
file system and propagating it to the peer cluster using Peer-to-Peer Remote Copy (PPRC), users similarly
run this command to propagate any relevant configuration changes made in the cluster after the previous
snapshot.

The primary cluster configuration server of the peer cluster must be available and accessible using remote
shell and remote copy at the time of the invocation of the mmfsctl syncFSconfig command. Also, the
peer GPFS clusters should be defined to use the same remote shell and remote copy mechanism, and
they must be set up to allow nodes in peer clusters to communicate without the use of a password.

Not all administrative actions performed on the file system necessitate this type of resynchronization. It is
required only for those actions that modify the file system information maintained in the local GPFS
configuration data, which includes:
v Additions, removals, and replacements of disks (commands mmadddisk, mmdeldisk, mmrpldisk)
v Modifications to disk attributes (command mmchdisk)

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 209

v Changes to the file system's mount point (command mmchfs -T)
v Changing the file system device name (command mmchfs -W)

The process of synchronizing the file system configuration data can be automated by utilizing the
syncfsconfig user exit.

The mmfsctl exclude command is to be used only in a disaster recovery environment, only after a
disaster has occurred, and only after ensuring that the disks in question have been physically
disconnected. Otherwise, unexpected results may occur.

The mmfsctl exclude command can be used to manually override the file system descriptor quorum after
a site-wide disaster. See Establishing disaster recovery for your GPFS cluster in General Parallel File System:
Advanced Administration Guide. This command enables users to restore normal access to the file system
with less than a quorum of available file system descriptor replica disks, by effectively excluding the
specified disks from all subsequent operations on the file system descriptor. After repairing the disks, the
mmfsctl include command can be issued to restore the initial quorum configuration.

Parameters
Device The device name of the file system. File system names need not be fully-qualified. fs0 is just as
acceptable as /dev/fs0. If all is specified with the syncFSconfig option, this command is
performed on all GPFS file systems defined in the cluster.
exclude
Instructs GPFS to exclude the specified group of disks from all subsequent operations on the file
system descriptor, and change their availability state to down, if the conditions in the Note below
are met.
If necessary, this command assigns additional disks to serve as the disk descriptor replica holders,
and migrate the disk descriptor to the new replica set. The excluded disks are not deleted from
the file system, and still appear in the output of the mmlsdisk command.

Note: The mmfsctl exclude command is to be used only in a disaster recovery environment, only
after a disaster has occurred, and only after ensuring that the disks in question have been
physically disconnected. Otherwise, unexpected results may occur.
include
Informs GPFS that the previously excluded disks have become operational again. This command
writes the up-to-date version of the disk descriptor to each of the specified disks, and clears the
excl tag.
resume
Instructs GPFS to resume the normal processing of I/O requests on all nodes.
suspend
Instructs GPFS to flush the internal buffers on all nodes, bring the file system to a consistent state
on disk, and suspend the processing of all subsequent application I/O requests.
syncFSconfig
Synchronizes the configuration state of a GPFS file system between the local cluster and its peer
in two-cluster disaster recovery configurations.
| -C RemoteClusterName
Specifies the name of the GPFS cluster that owns the remote GPFS file system.
-d "DiskName[;DiskName...]"
Specifies the names of the NSDs to be included or excluded by the mmfsctl command. Separate
the names with semicolons (;) and enclose the list of disk names in quotation marks.

210 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

-F DiskFile
Specifies a file containing the names of the NSDs, one per line, to be included or excluded by the
mmfsctl command.
-G FailureGroup
A number identifying the failure group for disks to be included or excluded by the mmfsctl
command.
-n RemoteNodesFile
Specifies a list of contact nodes in the peer recovery cluster that GPFS uses when importing the
configuration data into that cluster. Although any node in the peer cluster can be specified here,
users are advised to specify the identities of the peer cluster's primary and secondary cluster
configuration servers, for efficiency reasons.
-S SpecFile
Specifies the description of changes to be made to the file system, in the peer cluster during the
import step. The format of this file is identical to that of the ChangeSpecFile used as input to the
mmimportfs command. This option can be used, for example, to define the assignment of the
NSD servers for use in the peer cluster.

Options

None.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Results

The mmfsctl command returns 0 if successful.

Security
You must have root authority to run the mmfsctl command.

Examples

This sequence of commands creates a FlashCopy image of the file system and propagates this image to
the recovery cluster using the Peer-to-Peer Remote Copy technology. The following configuration is
assumed:

Site LUNs
Primary cluster (site A) lunA1, lunA2
Recovery cluster (site B) lunB1

lunA1 FlashCopy source

lunA2 FlashCopy target, PPRC source
lunB1 PPRC target

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 211

A single GPFS file system named fs0 has been defined in the primary cluster over lunA1.
1. In the primary cluster, suspend all file system I/O activity and flush the GPFS buffers
mmfsctl fs0 suspend

The output is similar to this:

Writing dirty data to disk
Quiescing all file system operations
Writing dirty data to disk again
2. Establish a FlashCopy pair using lunA1 as the source and lunA2 as the target.
3. Resume the file system I/O activity:
mmfsctl fs0 resume

The output is similar to this:

Resuming operations.
4. Establish a Peer-to-Peer Remote Copy (PPRC) path and a synchronous PPRC volume pair
lunA2-lunB1 (primary-secondary). Use the 'copy entire volume' option and leave the 'permit read
from secondary' option disabled.
5. Wait for the completion of the FlashCopy background task. Wait for the PPRC pair to reach the
duplex (fully synchronized) state.
6. Terminate the PPRC volume pair lunA2-lunB1.
7. If this is the first time the snapshot is taken, or if the configuration state of fs0 changed since the
previous FlashCopy snapshot, propagate the most recent configuration to site B:
mmfsctl fs0 syncFSconfig -n recovery_clust_nodelist

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

212 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

mmgetacl Command
Displays the GPFS access control list of a file or directory.

Synopsis

mmgetacl [-d] [-o OutFilename] [-k {nfs4 |posix | native}] Filename

Description

Use the mmgetacl command to display the ACL of a file or directory.

For information about NFS V4 ACLs, see Chapter 6, “Managing GPFS access control lists and NFS
export,” on page 51 and “NFS and GPFS” on page 59.

Users may need to see ACLs in their true form as well as how they are translated for access evaluations.
There are four cases:
1. By default, mmgetacl returns the ACL in a format consistent with the file system setting, specified
using the -k flag on the mmcrfs or mmchfs commands.
If the setting is posix, the ACL is shown as a traditional ACL.
If the setting is nfs4, the ACL is shown as an NFS V4 ACL.
If the setting is all, the ACL is returned in its true form.
2. The command mmgetacl -k nfs4 always produces an NFS V4 ACL.
3. The command mmgetacl -k posix always produces a traditional ACL.
4. The command mmgetacl -k native always shows the ACL in its true form regardless of the file
system setting.

This command cannot be run from a Windows node.

The following describes how mmgetacl works for POSIX and NFS V4 ACLs:
Command ACL mmcrfs -k Display -d (default)
------------------- ----- --------- ------------- --------------
mmgetacl posix posix Access ACL Default ACL
mmgetacl posix nfs4 NFS V4 ACL Error[1]
mmgetacl posix all Access ACL Default ACL
mmgetacl nfs4 posix Access ACL[2] Default ACL[2]
mmgetacl nfs4 nfs4 NFS V4 ACL Error[1]
mmgetacl nfs4 all NFS V4 ACL Error[1]
mmgetacl -k native posix any Access ACL Default ACL
mmgetacl -k native nfs4 any NFS V4 ACL Error[1]
mmgetacl -k posix posix any Access ACL Default ACL
mmgetacl -k posix nfs4 any Access ACL[2] Default ACL[2]
mmgetacl -k nfs4 any any NFS V4 ACL Error[1]
---------------------------------------------------------------------
[1] NFS V4 ACLs include inherited entries. Consequently, there cannot
be a separate default ACL.
[2] Only the mode entries (owner, group, everyone) are translated.
The rwx values are derived from the
NFS V4 file mode attribute. Since the NFS V4 ACL is more granular
in nature, some information is lost in this translation.
---------------------------------------------------------------------

Parameters
Filename
The path name of the file or directory for which the ACL is to be displayed. If the -d option is
specified, Filename must contain the name of a directory.

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 213

Options
-d Specifies that the default ACL of a directory is to be displayed.
-k {nfs4 | posix | native}
nfs4 Always produces an NFS V4 ACL.
posix Always produces a traditional ACL.
native Always shows the ACL in its true form regardless of the file system setting.
-o OutFilename
The path name of a file to which the ACL is to be written.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have read access to the directory where the file exists to run the mmgetacl command.

You may issue the mmgetacl command only from a node in the GPFS cluster where the file system is
mounted.

Examples
1. To display the ACL for a file named project2.history, issue this command:
mmgetacl project2.history

The system displays information similar to:

#owner:paul
#group:design
user::rwxc
group::r-x-
other::r-x-
2. This is an example of an NFS V4 ACL displayed using mmgetacl. Each entry consists of three lines
reflecting the greater number of permissions in a text format. An entry is either an allow entry or a
deny entry. An X indicates that the particular permission is selected, a minus sign (–) indicates that is
it not selected. The following access control entry explicitly allows READ, EXECUTE and
READ_ATTR to the staff group on a file:
group:staff:r-x-:allow
(X)READ/LIST (-)WRITE/CREATE (-)MKDIR (-)SYNCHRONIZE (-)READ_ACL (X)READ_ATTR (-)READ_NAMED
(-)DELETE (-)DELETE_CHILD (-)CHOWN (X)EXEC/SEARCH (-)WRITE_ACL (-)WRITE_ATTR (-)WRITE_NAMED
3. This is an example of a directory ACLs, which may include inherit entries (the equivalent of a default
ACL). These do not apply to the directory itself, but instead become the initial ACL for any objects
created within the directory. The following access control entry explicitly denies READ/LIST,
READ_ATTR, and EXEC/SEARCH to the sys group.
group:sys:----:deny:DirInherit
(X)READ/LIST (-)WRITE/CREATE (-)MKDIR (-)SYNCHRONIZE (-)READ_ACL (X)READ_ATTR (-)READ_NAMED
(-)DELETE (-)DELETE_CHILD (-)CHOWN (X)EXEC/SEARCH (-)WRITE_ACL (-)WRITE_ATTR (-)WRITE_NAMED

See also

“mmeditacl Command” on page 196

“mmdelacl Command” on page 170

214 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

“mmputacl Command” on page 269

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 215

mmgetstate Command
Displays the state of the GPFS daemon on one or more nodes.

Synopsis

mmgetstate [-L] [-s] [-v] [-a | -N {Node[,Node...] | NodeFile | NodeClass}]

Description

Use the mmgetstate command to show the state of the GPFS daemon on one or more nodes.

Parameters
-a Show the state of the GPFS daemon on all nodes in the cluster.
-N {Node[,Node...] | NodeFile | NodeClass}
Directs the mmgetstate command to return GPFS daemon information for a set of nodes. For
general information on how to specify node names, see “Specifying nodes as input to GPFS
commands” on page 3.
This command does not support a NodeClass of mount.

Options
-L Display quorum, number of nodes up, total number of nodes, and other extended node
information.
-s Display summary information such as: number of local and remote nodes that have joined in the
cluster, number of quorum nodes.
-v Display intermediate error messages.

The GPFS states recognized and displayed by this command are:

active GPFS is ready for operations.
arbitrating
A node is trying to form a quorum with the other available nodes.
down GPFS daemon is not running on the node or is recovering from an internal error.
unknown
Unknown value. Node cannot be reached or some other error occurred.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmgetstate command.

216 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Examples
1. To display the quorum, the number of nodes up, and the total number of nodes for the GPFS cluster,
issue:
mmgetstate -a -L
The system displays output similar to:

Node number Node name Quorum Nodes up Total nodes GPFS state Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 c5n92 3 5 12 active
2 c5n94 3 5 12 active
3 c5n95 3 5 12 active quorum node
4 c5n96 3 5 12 active
5 c5n97 3 5 12 active quorum node
6 c5n98 3 5 12 active
7 c5n107 3 5 12 active quorum node
8 c5n108 3 5 12 active
9 c5n109 3 5 12 active quorum node
10 c5n110 3 5 12 down
11 c5n111 3 5 12 active quorum node
12 c5n112 3 5 12 active
The 3 under the Quorum column means that you must have three quorum nodes up to achieve
quorum.
2. This is an example of a cluster using node quorum with tiebreaker disks. Note the * in the Quorum
field, which indicates that tiebreaker disks are being used:
mmgetstate -a -L

The system displays output similar to:

Node number Node name Quorum Nodes up Total nodes GPFS state Remarks
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 k5n91 5* 8 21 active
2 k5n92 5* 8 21 active quorum node
3 k5n94 5* 8 21 active
5 k5n96 5* 8 21 active
6 k5n97 5* 8 21 active quorum node
7 k5n98 5* 8 21 active
8 k5n99 5* 8 21 active quorum node
3. To display summary information, issue this command:
mmgetstate -s

The system displays output similar to:

Node number Node name GPFS state
------------------------------------------
5 c5n97 active

Summary information
---------------------
Number of nodes defined in the cluster: 12
Number of local nodes active in the cluster: 12
Number of remote nodes joined in this cluster: 0
Number of quorum nodes defined in the cluster: 5
Number of quorum nodes active in the cluster: 5
Quorum = 3, Quorum achieved

See also

“mmchconfig Command” on page 102

“mmcrcluster Command” on page 138

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 217

“mmshutdown Command” on page 302

“mmstartup Command” on page 307

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

218 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

mmimportfs Command
Imports into the cluster one or more file systems that were created in another GPFS cluster.

Synopsis

mmimportfs {Device | all} -i ImportfsFile [-S ChangeSpecFile]

Description

The mmimportfs command, in conjunction with the mmexportfs command, can be used to move into the
current GPFS cluster one or more file systems that were created in another GPFS cluster. The
mmimportfs command extracts all relevant file system and disk information from the ExportFilesysData
file specified with the -i parameter. This file must have been created by the mmexportfs command.

When all is specified in place of a file system name, any disks that are not associated with a file system
will be imported as well.

If the file systems being imported were created on nodes that do not belong to the current GPFS cluster,
the mmimportfs command assumes that all disks have been properly moved, and are online and
available to the appropriate nodes in the current cluster.

If any node in the cluster, including the node on which you are running the mmimportfs command, does
not have access to one or more disks, use the -S option to assign NSD servers to those disks.

The mmimportfs command attempts to preserve any NSD server assignments that were in effect when
| the file system was exported.

| After the mmimportfs command completes, use mmlsnsd to display the NSD server names that are
assigned to each of the disks in the imported file system. Use mmchnsd to change the current NSD
server assignments as needed.

After the mmimportfs command completes, use mmlsdisk to display the failure groups to which each
disk belongs. Use mmchdisk to make adjustments if necessary.

If you are importing file systems into a cluster that already contains GPFS file systems, it is possible to
encounter name conflicts. You must resolve such conflicts before the mmimportfs command can succeed.
You can use the mmchfs command to change the device name and mount point of an existing file
system. If there are disk name conflicts, use the mmcrnsd command to define new disks and specify
unique names (rather than let the command generate names). Then replace the conflicting disks using
mmrpldisk and remove them from the cluster using mmdelnsd.

Results

Upon successful completion of the mmimportfs command, all configuration information pertaining to the
file systems being imported is added to configuration data of the current GPFS cluster.

Parameters
Device | all
The device name of the file system to be imported. File system names need not be fully-qualified.
fs0 is as acceptable as /dev/fs0. Specify all to import all GPFS file systems, as well as all disks
that do not belong to a file system yet. This must be the first parameter.
-i ImportfsFile
The path name of the file containing the file system information. This file must have previously
been created with the mmexportfs command.

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 219

-S ChangeSpecFile
The path name of an optional file containing disk descriptors, one per line, in the format:
DiskName:ServerList
DiskName
Is the name of a disk from the file system being imported.
ServerList
Is a comma separated list of NSD server nodes. You can specify up to eight NSD servers
in this list. The defined NSD will preferentially use the first server on the list. If the first
server is not available, the NSD will use the next available server on the list. If you do
not define a server list, GPFS assumes that the disk is SAN-attached to all nodes in the
cluster. If all nodes in the cluster do not have access to the disk, or if the file system to
which the disk belongs is to be accessed by other GPFS clusters, you must specify a
server list.
When specifying server nodes for your NSDs, the output of the mmlscluster command
lists the host name and IP address combinations recognized by GPFS. The utilization of
aliased host names not listed in the mmlscluster command output may produce
undesired results.
If you do not define a ServerList, GPFS assumes that the disk is SAN-attached to all nodes
in the cluster. If all nodes in the cluster do not have access to the disk, or if the file
system to which the disk belongs is to be accessed by other GPFS clusters, you must
specify a ServerList.

Note:
1. You cannot change the name of a disk. You cannot change the disk usage or failure group
assignment with the mmimportfs command. Use the mmchdisk command for this purpose.
2. All disks that do not have descriptors in ChangeSpecFile are assigned the NSD servers that
they had at the time the file system was exported. All disks with NSD servers that are not
valid are assumed to be SAN-attached to all nodes in the cluster. Use the mmchnsd command
to assign new or change existing NSD server nodes.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmimportfs command.

Examples

To import all file systems in the current cluster, issue this command:
mmimportfs all -i /u/admin/exportfile

The output is similar to this:

mmimportfs: Processing file system fs1 ...
mmimportfs: Processing disk gpfs2nsd
mmimportfs: Processing disk gpfs3nsd

220 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

mmimportfs: Processing disk gpfs4nsd

mmimportfs: Processing file system fs2 ...

mmimportfs: Processing disk gpfs1nsd1
mmimportfs: Processing disk gpfs5nsd

mmimportfs: Processing disks that do not belong to any file system ...
mmimportfs: Processing disk gpfs6nsd
mmimportfs: Processing disk gpfs1001nsd

mmimportfs: Committing the changes ...

mmimportfs: The following file systems were successfully imported:

fs1
fs2
mmimportfs: 6027-1371 Propagating the changes to all affected
nodes. This is an asynchronous process.

See also

“mmexportfs Command” on page 202

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 221

mmlinkfileset Command
Creates a junction that references the root directory of a GPFS fileset.

Synopsis

mmlinkfileset Device FilesetName [-J JunctionPath]

Description

The mmlinkfileset command creates a junction at JunctionPath that references the root directory of
FilesetName. The junction is a special directory entry, much like a POSIX hard link, that connects a name
in a directory of one fileset, the parent, to the root directory of a child fileset. From the user's viewpoint,
a junction always appears as if it were a directory, but the user is not allowed to issue the unlink or
rmdir commands on a junction. Instead, the mmunlinkfileset command must be used to remove a
junction.

If JunctionPath is not specified, the junction is created in the current directory with the name FilesetName.
The user may use the mv command on the directory to move to a new location in the parent fileset, but
the mv command is not allowed to move the junction to a different fileset.

For information on GPFS filesets, see the GPFS: Advanced Administration Guide.

Parameters
Device The device name of the file system that contains the fileset.
File system names need not be fully-qualified. fs0 is as acceptable as /dev/fs0.
FilesetName
Specifies the name of the fileset to be linked. It must not already be linked into the namespace.
-J JunctionPath
Specifies the name of the junction. The name must not refer to an existing file system object.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmlinkfileset command.

Examples

This command links fileset fset1 in file system gpfs1 to junction path /gpfs1/fset1:
mmlinkfileset gpfs1 fset1 -J /gpfs1/fset1

The system displays output similar to:

Fileset ’fset1’ linked at ’/gpfs1/fset1’.

To confirm the change, issue this command:

222 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference
mmlsfileset gpfs1

The system displays output similar to:

Filesets in file system ’gpfs1’:
Name Status Path
root Linked /gpfs1
fset1 Linked /gpfs1/fset1

See also

“mmchfileset Command” on page 119

“mmcrfileset Command” on page 142

“mmdelfileset Command” on page 177

“mmlsfileset Command” on page 235

“mmunlinkfileset Command” on page 315

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 223

mmlsattr Command
Queries file attributes.

Synopsis

mmlsattr [-l] [-L] FileName [FileName...]

Description

Use the mmlsattr command to display attributes of a file.

Results

For the specified file, the mmlsattr command lists:

v current number of copies of data for a file and the maximum value
v number of copies of the metadata for a file and the maximum value
v whether the Direct I/O caching policy is in effect for a file

Parameters
FileName
The name of the file to be queried. You must enter at least one file name.

Options
-l Specifies that this command works only with regular files and directories and does not follow
symlinks. The default is to follow symlinks.
-L Displays additional file attributes:
v The file's assigned storage pool name.
v The name of the fileset that includes the file.
v The name of the snapshot that includes the file.
If the file is not part of a snapshot, an empty string is displayed.
| v Whether the file is exposed, ill replicated, ill placed, or unbalanced (displayed under the flags
| heading).
v Whether the file is immutable.
| v Whether the file is in appendOnly mode.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have read access to run the mmlsattr command.

You may issue the mmlsattr command only from a node in the GPFS cluster where the file system is
mounted.

224 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Examples
| 1. To list the attributes of a file, issue this command:
| mmlsattr -L newfile

| The system displays information similar to:

| file name: newfile
| metadata replication: 1 max 2
| data replication: 1 max 2
| immutable: no
| appendOnly: no
| flags: directio
| storage pool name: system
| fileset name: root
| snapshot name:
2. To show the attributes for all files in the root directory of file system fs0, issue this command:
mmlsattr /fs0/*

The system displays information similar to:

replication factors
metadata(max) data(max) file [flags]
------------- --------- ---------------
1 ( 1) 1 ( 1) /fs0/project4.sched
1 ( 1) 1 ( 1) /fs0/project4.hist
1 ( 1) 1 ( 1) /fs0/project5.plan

See also

“mmchattr Command” on page 96

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 225

mmlscallback Command
Lists some or all of the callbacks that are currently registered in the GPFS system.

Synopsis

| mmlscallback [CallbackIdentifier[, CallbackIdentifier...] | user | system | all ]

Description

Use the mmlscallback command to list some or all of the callbacks that are currently registered in the
GPFS system.

Options

NONE

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmlscallback command

Examples

To list all of the callbacks that are currently in the GPFS system, issue this command:
mmlscallback

The system displays information similar to:

test1
command = /tmp/myScript
event = startup

test2
command = /tmp/myScript2
event = shutdown
parms = %upNodes

To list a specific callback (for example, test2) that is currently in the GPFS system, issue this command:

226 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

mmlscallback test2

The system displays information similar to:

test2
command = /tmp/myScript2
event = shutdown
parms = %upNodes

See also

“mmaddcallback Command” on page 68

“mmdelcallback Command” on page 172

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 227

mmlscluster Command
Displays the current configuration information for a GPFS cluster.

Synopsis

mmlscluster [--cnfs]

Description

Use the mmlscluster command to display the current configuration information for a GPFS cluster.

For the GPFS cluster, the mmlscluster command displays:

v The cluster name
v The cluster ID
v GPFS UID domain
v The remote shell command being used
v The remote file copy command being used
v The primary GPFS cluster configuration server
v The secondary GPFS cluster configuration server
v A list of nodes belonging the GPFS cluster

For each node, the command displays:

v The node number assigned to the node by GPFS
v GPFS daemon node interface name
v Primary network IP address
v GPFS administration node interface name
v Remarks, such as whether the node is a quorum node or not

Parameters

NONE

Options
--cnfs Displays information about clustered NFS.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmlscluster command.

228 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Examples

To display the current configuration information for the GPFS cluster, issue this command:
mmlscluster

The system displays information similar to:

| GPFS cluster information
| ========================
| GPFS cluster name: cluster1.kgn.ibm.com
| GPFS cluster id: 680681562214606028
| GPFS UID domain: cluster1.kgn.ibm.com
| Remote shell command: /usr/bin/rsh
| Remote file copy command: /usr/bin/rcp
|
|
| GPFS cluster configuration servers:
| -----------------------------------
| Primary server: k164sn06.kgn.ibm.com
| Secondary server: k164n04.kgn.ibm.com
|
|
| Node Daemon node name IP address Admin node name Designation
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 1 k164n04.kgn.ibm.com 89.116.68.68 k164n04.kgn.ibm.com quorum
| 2 k164n05.kgn.ibm.com 89.116.68.69 k164n05.kgn.ibm.com quorum
| 3 k164n06.kgn.ibm.com 89.116.68.70 k164sn06.kgn.ibm.com quorum-manager

See also

“mmaddnode Command” on page 77

“mmchcluster Command” on page 99

“mmcrcluster Command” on page 138

“mmdelnode Command” on page 182

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 229

mmlsconfig Command
Displays the current configuration data for a GPFS cluster.

Synopsis

mmlsconfig

Description

Use the mmlsconfig command to display the current configuration data for a GPFS cluster.

Depending on your configuration, additional information that is set by GPFS may be displayed to assist
in problem determination when contacting the IBM Support Center. If a configuration parameter is not
shown in the output of this command, the default value for that parameter, as documented in the
mmchconfig command, is in effect.

Parameters
NONE

Options

NONE

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmlsconfig command.

Examples

To display the current configuration data for the GPFS cluster that you are running on, issue this
command:
mmlsconfig

The system displays information similar to:

230 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

| [common]
| verbsPorts mthca0/1
| verbsRdma enable
| subnets 10.168.80.0
| adminMode central
|
|
| File systems in cluster ib.cluster:
| -----------------------------------
| /dev/fs1

See also

“mmchcluster Command” on page 99

“mmchconfig Command” on page 102

“mmcrcluster Command” on page 138

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 231

mmlsdisk Command
Displays the current configuration and state of the disks in a file system.

Synopsis

mmlsdisk Device [-d "DiskName[;DiskName...]"] [-e] [-L]

Or,

mmlsdisk Device [-d "DiskName[;DiskName...]"] {-m | -M}

Description

Use the mmlsdisk command to display the current state of the disks in the file system.

The mmlsdisk command may be run against a mounted or unmounted file system.

For each disk in the list, the mmlsdisk command displays:

v disk name
v driver type
v sector size
v failure group
v whether it holds metadata
v whether it holds data
v current status:
ready Normal status.
suspended
Indicates that data is to be migrated off this disk.
being emptied
Transitional status in effect while a disk deletion is pending.
replacing
Transitional status in effect for old disk while replacement is pending.
replacement
Transitional status in effect for new disk while replacement is pending.
v availability:
up Disk is available to GPFS for normal read and write operations.
down No read and write operations can be performed on this disk.
recovering
| An intermediate state for disks coming up, during which GPFS verifies and corrects data. write
| operations can be performed while a disk is in this state, but read operations cannot (because
| data on the disk being recovered might be stale until the mmchdisk start command completes).
unrecovered
The disk was not successfully brought up.
v disk ID
v storage pool that the disk is assigned to.

232 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Parameters
Device The device name of the file system to which the disks belong. File system names need not be
fully-qualified. fs0 is as acceptable as /dev/fs0.
This must be the first parameter.
-d "DiskName[;DiskName...]"
The name of the disks for which you want to display current configuration and state information.
When you enter multiple values for DiskName, separate them with semicolons and enclose the list
in quotation marks.
"gpfs3nsd;gpfs4nsd;gpfs5nsd"

Options
-e Display all of the disks in the file system that do not have an availability of up and a status of
ready. If all disks in the file system are up and ready, the message displayed is:
6027-623 All disks up and ready
-L Displays an extended list of the disk parameters, including the disk ID field and the remarks
field. The remarks column shows the current file system descriptor quorum assignments, and
displays the excluded disks. The remarks field contains desc for all disks assigned as the file
system descriptor holders and excl for all excluded disks.
-M Displays whether I/O requests to the disk are satisfied on the local node, or using an NSD server.
If the I/O is done using an NSD server, shows the NSD server name and the underlying disk
name on that server node.
-m Displays whether I/O requests to the disk are satisfied on the local node, or using an NSD server.
This scope of this options is the node on which the mmlsdisk command is issued.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

As root, the command can also do an mmlsdisk on remote file systems.

If you are a non-root user, you may specify only file systems that belong to the same cluster as the node
on which the mmlsdisk command was issued.

The mmlsdisk command does not work if GPFS is down.

Examples
1. To display the current state of gpfs2nsd, issue this command:
mmlsdisk /dev/fs0 -d gpfs2nsd

The system displays information similar to:

disk driver sector failure holds holds storage
name type size group metadata data status availability pool
-------- ------- ------ ------- -------- ----- ------- ------------ -------
gpfs2nsd nsd 512 4002 yes yes ready up system

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 233

2. To display the current states of gpfs2nsd, gpfs3nsd, and gpfs4nsd, and display their respective disk
ids and the descriptor quorum assignment, issue this command:
mmlsdisk /dev/fs0 -d "gpfs2nsd;gpfs3nsd;gpfs4nsd" -L

The system displays information similar to:

disk driver sector failure holds holds storage
name type size group metadata data status availability disk id pool remarks
--------- ------ ------ ------- -------- ----- ------ ------------ ------- -------- -------
gpfs2nsd nsd 512 4002 yes yes ready up 2 system desc
gpfs3nsd nsd 512 4002 yes yes ready up 3 system
gpfs4nsd nsd 512 4002 yes yes ready up 4 system
Number of quorum disks: 3
Read quorum value: 2
Write quorum value: 2
3. To display the whether the I/O is performed locally or using an NSD server, the NSD server name,
and the underlying disk name for the file system named test, issue this command:
mmlsdisk test -M

The system displays information similar to:

| Disk name IO performed on node Device Availability
| ------------ ----------------------- ----------------- ------------
| gpfs7nsd localhost /dev/hdisk12 up
| gpfs10nsd k5n88.kgn.ibm.com /dev/hdisk13 up
| gpfs4nsd localhost /dev/hdisk10 up
4. To display the same information as in the previous example, but limited to the node on which the
command is issued, issue this command:
mmlsdisk test -m

The system displays information similar to:

See also

“mmadddisk Command” on page 73

“mmchdisk Command” on page 112

“mmdeldisk Command” on page 173

“mmrpldisk Command” on page 298

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

234 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

mmlsfileset Command
Displays attributes and status for GPFS filesets.

Synopsis

mmlsfileset Device {[[Fileset [,Fileset ...]] [-J Junction [,Junction ...]] | -F FileName} [-L] [-d] [-i]

Description

Use the mmlsfileset command to display information for the filesets that belong to a given GPFS file
system. The default is to display information for all filesets in the file system. You may choose to display
information for only a subset of the filesets.

The operation of the -L flag omits the attributes listed without it, namely status and junction path. In
addition, if the fileset has status 'deleted', then -L also displays the name of the latest snapshot that
includes the fileset in place of the root inode number and parent fileset identifier.

The attributes displayed are:

v Name of the fileset
v Status of the fileset (when the -L flag is omitted)
v Junction path to the fileset (when the -L flag is omitted)
v Fileset identifier (when the -L flag is included)
v Root inode number, if not deleted (when the -L flag is included)
v Parent fileset identifier, if not deleted (when the -L flag is included)
v Latest including snapshot, if deleted (when the -L flag is included)
v Creation time (when the -L flag is included)
v Number of inodes in use (when the -i flag is included)
v Data size (in KB) (when the -d flag is included)
v Comment (when the -L flag is included)

For information on GPFS filesets, see the GPFS: Advanced Administration Guide.

Parameters
Device The device name of the file system that contains the fileset.
File system names need not be fully-qualified. fs0 is as acceptable as /dev/fs0.
This must be the first parameter.
Fileset Specifies a comma-separated list of fileset names.
-J Junction
Specifies a comma-separated list of path names. They are not restricted to fileset junctions, but
may name any file or directory within the filesets to be listed.
-F FileName
Specifies the name of a file containing either fileset names or path names. Each line must contain
a single entry. All path names must be fully-qualified.

Options
-d Display the number of blocks in use for the fileset.
-i Display the number of inodes in use for the fileset.
-L Display additional information for the fileset. This includes:

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 235

v Fileset identifier
v Root inode number
v Parent identifier
v Fileset creation time
v User defined comments, if any

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

Examples
1. This command displays fileset information for all filesets in file system gpfs1:
mmlsfileset gpfs1

The system displays information similar to:

Filesets in file system ’gpfs1’:
Name Status Path
root Linked /gpfs1
fset1 Linked /gpfs1/fset1
| fset2 Linked /gpfs1/fset1/fset2
| 2. These commands displays information for a file system with filesets and snapshots. Note that deleted
filesets that are saved in snapshots are displayed with the name enclosed in parentheses.
a. Command:
mmlsfileset fs1 -d -i
The system displays information similar to:
Filesets in file system ’fs1’:
Name Status Path Inodes Data (in KB)
root Linked /gpfs 3 53528
(gone) Deleted /gpfs/.snapshots/Snap17/gone 0 0
TestF4 Linked /gpfs/test-f4 3 24
TestF3 Linked /gpfs/test-f4/dir1/f3 2 16
TestF2 Unlinked -- 98 784
TestF5 Linked <TestF2>/subdir/f5 1 8
| b. Command:
| mmlsfileset gpfs2 -L
| The system displays information similar to:
| Filesets in file system ’gpfs2’:
| Name Id RootInode ParentId Created InodeSpace MaxInodes AllocInodes Comment
| root 0 3 -- Mon Apr 12 16:31:05 2010 0 8001536 8001536 root fileset
| fs 1 13568 0 Mon Apr 12 16:32:28 2010 0 0 0
| fs 2 13569 0 Mon Apr 12 16:32:28 2010 0 0 0 another fileset
| c. Command:
| mmlsfileset fs1 TestF2,TestF5 -J /gpfs/test-f4/dir1,/gpfs/test-f4/dir1/f3/dir2/...
| The system displays information similar to:

236 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

| See also

| “mmchfileset Command” on page 119

| “mmcrfileset Command” on page 142

| “mmdelfileset Command” on page 177

| “mmlinkfileset Command” on page 222

| “mmunlinkfileset Command” on page 315

| Location

| /usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 237

|
| mmlsfs Command
| Displays file system attributes.

| Synopsis

| mmlsfs {Device | all | all_local | all_remote} [-A] [-B] [-D] [-d] [-E] [-f] [-I] [-i] [-j] [-k] [-K] [-L] [-M]
| [-m] [-n] [-o] [-P] [-Q] [-R] [-r] [-S] [-t] [-T] [-u] [-V] [-z] [--create-time] [--fastea] [--filesetdf]
| [--inode-limit] [--mount-priority]

Description

Use the mmlsfs command to list the attributes of a file system.

Depending on your configuration, additional information that is set by GPFS may be displayed to assist
in problem determination when contacting the IBM Support Center.

Results
If you do not specify any options, all attributes of the file system are displayed. When you specify
options, only those attributes specified are listed, in the order issued in the command. Some parameters
are preset for optimum performance and, although they display in the mmlsfs command output, you
cannot change them.

Parameters
Device | all | all_local | all_remote
Device Indicates the device name of the file system for which information is displayed. File
system names do not need to be fully qualified. fs0 is as acceptable as /dev/fs0.
all Indicates all file systems that are known to this cluster.
all_local
Indicates all file systems that are owned by this cluster.
all_remote
Indicates all file systems that are owned by another cluster.
This must be the first parameter.

Options
| -A Automatically mounts the file system when the GPFS daemon starts.
| -B Displays the size of the data block, in bytes.
-D Displays the type of file locking semantics that are in effect (nfs4 or posix).
-d Displays the names of all of the disks in the file system.
-E Displays the exact mtime values reported.
-f Displays the minimum fragment size, in bytes.
-I Displays the indirect block size, in bytes.
-i Displays the inode size, in bytes.
-j Displays the block allocation type.
-k Displays the type of authorization supported by the file system.
-K Displays the strict replication enforcement.

238 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

-L Displays the internal log file size.
-M Displays the maximum number of metadata replicas.
-m Displays the default number of metadata replicas.
-n Displays the estimated number of nodes for mounting the file system.
-o Displays the additional mount options.
-P Displays the storage pools defined within the file system.
-Q Displays which quotas are currently enforced on the file system.
-R Displays the maximum number of data replicas.
-r Displays the default number of data replicas.
-S Displays whether the updating of atime is suppressed for the gpfs_stat(), gpfs_fstat(), stat(), and
fstat() calls.
-t Displays the Windows drive letter.
-T Displays the default mount point.
-u Displays whether support for large LUNs is enabled.
-V Displays the current format version of the file system.
-z Displays whether DMAPI is enabled for this file system.
| --create-time
| Displays the creation time of the file system.
| --fastea
| Displays a yes or no value indicating whether fast external attributes is enabled.
| --filesetdf
| Displays a yes or no value indicating whether filesetdf is enabled; if yes, the mmdf command
| reports numbers based on the quotas for the fileset and not for the total file system.
| --inode-limit
| Displays the maximum number of files in the file system.
| --mount-priority
| Displays the assigned mount priority.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

As root, a user can also issue the mmlsfs on remote file systems.

If you are a non-root user, you may specify only file systems that belong to the same cluster as the node
on which the mmlsfs command was issued.

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 239

Examples

If you issue the mmlsfs command with no options for the file system gpfs2:
mmlsfs gpfs2

The system displays information similar to this (output appears in the order that the options were
specified in the command):
| flag value description
| ----------------- ------------------------ ------------------------------------
| -f 262144 Minimum fragment size in bytes
| -i 512 Inode size in bytes
| -I 32768 Indirect block size in bytes
| -m 2 Default number of metadata replicas
| -M 2 Maximum number of metadata replicas
| -r 1 Default number of data replicas
| -R 2 Maximum number of data replicas
| -j scatter Block allocation type
| -D nfs4 File locking semantics in effect
| -k all ACL semantics in effect
| -n 32 Estimated number of nodes that will mount file system
| -B 8388608 Block size
| -Q user;group;fileset Quotas enforced
| user;group Default quotas enabled
| -V 12.02 (3.4.0.0) File system version
| -u yes Support for large LUNs?
| -z no Is DMAPI enabled?
| -L 262144 Logfile size
| -E yes Exact mtime mount option
| -S yes Suppress atime mount option
| -K whenpossible Strict replica allocation option
| --create-time Tue Mar 30 14:56:59 2010 File system creation time
| --fastea yes Fast external attributes enabled?
| --filesetdf no Fileset df enabled?
| --inode-limit 2015232 Maximum number of inodes
| -P system;sp1 Disk storage pools in file system
| -d dm13nsd;dm10nsd;dm11nsd;dm12nsd;dm9;dm14nsd;dm3nsd Disks in file system
| -A yes Automatic mount option
| -o none Additional mount options
| -T /gpfs2 Default mount point
| --mount-priority 10 Mount priority

If you issue the mmlsfs command with the all option:

mmlsfs all -A

The system displays information similar to:

| File system attributes for /dev/fs1:
| ====================================
| flag value description
| ---- -------------- ----------------------
| -A yes Automatic mount option
|
|
| File system attributes for /dev/fs2:
| ====================================
| flag value description
| ---- -------------- ----------------------
| -A yes Automatic mount option
|
|
| File system attributes for /dev/fs3:
| ====================================
| flag value description
| ---- -------------- ----------------------
| -A no Automatic mount option

240 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

See also

“mmcrfs Command” on page 144

“mmchfs Command” on page 121

“mmdelfs Command” on page 180

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 241

mmlslicense Command
Displays information about the GPFS node licensing designation.

Synopsis

mmlslicense [-L]

Description

Use the mmlslicense command to display the number of GPFS client and server licenses assigned to the
nodes in the cluster.

For information on GPFS license designation, see the topic "GPFS license designation" in the GPFS:
Concepts, Planning, and Installation Guide.

Parameters

NONE

Options
-L Displays detailed information about the license type associated with each of the nodes in the
cluster. An asterisk after the license type indicates insufficient license level for the roles that the
node performs.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmlslicense command.

Examples

To display the summary information about the type and number of GPFS licenses associated with the
nodes in the cluster, issue this command:
mmlslicense

The system displays information similar to:

Summary information
---------------------
Number of nodes defined in the cluster: 4
Number of nodes with server license designation: 1
Number of nodes with client license designation: 2
Number of nodes still requiring server license designation: 1
Number of nodes still requiring client license designation: 1

To display detailed information about the type of GPFS licenses associated with each of the nodes in the
cluster, issue this command:

242 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

mmlslicense -L

The system displays information similar to:

Node name Required license Designated license
-------------------------------------------------------------------
k145n05.kgn.ibm.com server server
k145n06.kgn.ibm.com server client *
k145n07.kgn.ibm.com client client
k145n08.kgn.ibm.com client none *

See also

“mmchlicense Command” on page 126

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 243

mmlsmgr Command
Displays which node is the file system manager for the specified file systems or which node is the cluster
manager.

Synopsis

mmlsmgr [Device [Device...]]

Or,

mmlsmgr -C ClusterName

Or,

mmlsmgr -c

Description
Use the mmlsmgr command to display which node is the file system manager or cluster manager for the
file system.

If you do not provide a Device operand, file system managers for all file systems within the current
cluster for which a file system manager has been appointed are displayed.

Parameters
Device The device names of the file systems for which the file system manager information is displayed.
If more than one file system is listed, the names must be delimited by a space. File system names
need not be fully-qualified. fs0 is just as acceptable as /dev/fs0.
If no file system is specified, information about all file systems is displayed.
-C ClusterName
Displays the name of the nodes that are file system managers in cluster ClusterName.
-c Displays the current cluster manager node.

Options

NONE

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

As root, a user can also issue the mmlsmgr on remote file systems.

244 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

If you are a non-root user, you may specify only file systems that belong to the same cluster as the node
on which the mmlsmgr command was issued.

Examples
1. To display the file system manager node information for all the file systems, issue this command:
mmlsmgr

The system displays information similar to:

file system manager node
---------------- ------------------
fs3 9.114.94.65 (c154n01)
fs2 9.114.94.73 (c154n09)
fs1 9.114.94.81 (c155n01)

Cluster manager node: 9.114.94.65 (c154n01)

The output shows the device name of the file system and the file system manager's node number and
name, in parenthesis, as they are recorded in the GPFS cluster data.
2. To display the file system manager information for file systems gpfs2 and gpfs3, issue this command:
mmlsmgr gpfs2 gpfs3

The system displays information similar to:

file system manager node [from 199.116.68.69 (k156gn02)]
---------------- ------------------
gpfs2 199.116.68.70 (k154gn02)
gpfs3 199.116.68.72 (kolt2g_r1b42)

See also
“mmchmgr Command” on page 128

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 245

mmlsmount Command
Lists the nodes that have a given GPFS file system mounted.

Synopsis

mmlsmount {Device | all | all_local | all_remote} [-L ] [-C {all | all_remote |

ClusterName[,ClusterName...] } ]

Description

The mmlsmount command reports if a file system is in use at the time the command is issued. A file
system is considered to be in use if it is explicitly mounted with the mount or mmmount command, or if
it is mounted internally for the purposes of running some other GPFS command. For example, when you
run the mmrestripefs command, the file system will be internally mounted for the duration of the
command. If mmlsmount is issued in the interim, the file system will be reported as being in use by the
mmlsmount command but, unless it is explicitly mounted, will not show up in the output of the mount
or df commands.

Parameters
Device | all | all_local | all_remote
Device Indicates the device name of the file system for which information is displayed. File
system names need not be fully-qualified. fs0 is just as acceptable as /dev/fs0.
all Indicates all file systems known to this cluster.
all_local
Indicates all file systems owned by this cluster.
all_remote
Indicates all file systems owned by another cluster.
This must be the first parameter.

Options
-C {all | all_remote | ClusterName[,ClusterName...] }
Specifies the clusters for which mount information is requested. If one or more ClusterName is
specified, only the names of nodes that belong to these clusters and have the file system mounted
are displayed. The dot character ('.') can be used in place of the cluster name to denote the local
cluster.
Option -C all_remote denotes all clusters other than the one from which the command was
issued.
Option -C all refers to all clusters, local and remote, that can have the file system mounted.
Option -C all is the default.
-L Specifies to list the nodes that have the file system mounted.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

246 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Security

If you are a non-root user, you may specify only file systems that belong to the same cluster as the node
on which the mmlsmount command was issued.

Examples
1. To see how many nodes have file system fs2 mounted, issue this command:
mmlsmount fs2
Output is similar to this:
File system fs2 is mounted on 3 nodes.
2. To display all mounted file systems:
mmlsmount all
Output is similar to this:
File system fs1 is mounted on 17 nodes.
| File system remotefs1 (remote.cluster:fs1)
is mounted on 17 nodes.
3. To display all remotely mounted file systems:
mmlsmount all_remote

Output is similar to this:

| File system remotefs1 (remote.cluster:fs1)
is mounted on 17 nodes.
4. To list the nodes having all file systems mounted:
mmlsmount all -L

Output is similar to this:

File system fs1 is mounted on 7 nodes:
119.124.94.69 k154n05 dq.cluster
119.124.94.87 k155n07 dq.cluster
119.124.94.102 k156n06 remote.cluster
119.124.94.82 k155n02 remote.cluster
119.124.94.86 k155n06 dq.cluster
119.124.94.89 k155n09 dq.cluster
119.124.94.81 k155n01 remote.cluster

| File system remotefs1 (remote.cluster:fs1)

is mounted on 4 nodes:
119.124.94.115 kolt1_r1b42 remote.cluster
119.124.94.65 k154n01 remote.cluster
119.124.94.69 k154n05 dq.cluster
119.124.94.73 k154n09 remote.cluster

See also

“mmmount Command” on page 260

“mmumount Command” on page 312

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 247

mmlsnsd Command
Displays the current Network Shared Disk (NSD) information in the GPFS cluster.

Synopsis

mmlsnsd [-a | -F | -f Device | -d "DiskName[;DiskName...]" ] [-L | -m | -M | -X] [-v]

Description

Use the mmlsnsd command to display the current information for the NSDs belonging to the GPFS
cluster. The default is to display information for all NSDs defined to the cluster (-a). Otherwise, you may
choose to display the information for a particular file system (-f) or for all disks that do not belong to any
file system (-F).

Parameters
-a Display information for all of the NSDs belonging to the GPFS cluster. This is the default.
-f Device
The device name of the file system for which you want NSD information displayed. File system
names need not be fully-qualified. fs0 is as acceptable as /dev/fs0.
-F Display the NSDs that do not belong to any file system in the GPFS cluster.
-d DiskName[;DiskName...]
The name of the NSDs for which you want information displayed. When you enter multiple
DiskNames, separate them with semicolons and enclose the entire string of disk names in
quotation marks:
"gpfs3nsd;gpfs4nsd;gpfs5nsd"

Options
-L Displays the information in a long format that shows the NSD identifier.
-m Maps the NSD name to its disk device name on the local node and, if applicable, on the NSD
server nodes.
-M Maps the NSD names to its disk device name on all nodes.
This is a slow operation and its usage is suggested for problem determination only.
-v Specifies that the output should contain error information, where available.
-X Maps the NSD name to its disk device name on the local node and, if applicable, on the NSD
server nodes. The -X option also displays extended information for the NSD volume ID and
information such as NSD server status and Persistent Reserve (PR) enablement in the Remarks
field. Using the -X option is a slow operation and is recommended only for problem
determination.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to issue the mmlsnsd command.

248 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Examples
1. To display the default information for all of the NSDs belonging to the cluster, issue this command:
mmlsnsd

The system displays information similar to:

| File system Disk name NSD servers
| ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
| fs2 hd3n97 c5n97g,c5n98g,c5n99g
| fs2 hd4n97 c5n97g,c5n98g,c5n99g
| fs2 hd5n98 c5n98g,c5n97g,c5n99g
| fs2 hd6n98 c5n98g,c5n97g,c5n99g
| fs2 hd7n97 c5n97g,c5n98g,c5n99g
| fs2 hd8n97 c5n97g,c5n98g,c5n99g
| fs2 hd9n97 c5n97g,c5n98g,c5n99g
| fs2 hd10n98 c5n98g,c5n97g,c5n99g
| fs2 hd11n98 c5n98g,c5n97g
| fs2 hd12n98 c5n98g,c5n97g
| fs2 sdbnsd c5n94g,c5n96g
| fs2 sdcnsd c5n94g,c5n96g
| fs2 sddnsd c5n94g,c5n96g
| fs2 sdensd c5n94g,c5n96g
| fs2 sdgnsd c5n94g,c5n96g
| fs2 sdfnsd c5n94g,c5n96g
| fs2 sdhnsd c5n94g,c5n96g
| (free disk) hd2n97 c5n97g,c5n98g
2. To display all of the NSDs attached to the node from which the command is issued, issue this
command:
mmlsnsd -m

The system displays information similar to:

| Disk name NSD volume ID Device Node name Remarks
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| hd10n98 0972846245C8E93C /dev/hd10n98 c5n97g server node
| hd10n98 0972846245C8E93C /dev/hd10n98 c5n98g server node
| hd11n98 0972846245C8E93F /dev/hd11n98 c5n97g server node
| hd11n98 0972846245C8E93F /dev/hd11n98 c5n98g server node
| hd12n98 0972846245C8E941 /dev/hd12n98 c5n97g server node
| hd12n98 0972846245C8E941 /dev/hd12n98 c5n98g server node
| hd2n97 0972846145C8E924 /dev/hdisk2 c5n97g server node
| hd2n97 0972846145C8E924 /dev/hdisk2 c5n98g server node
| hd3n97 0972846145C8E927 /dev/hdisk3 c5n97g server node
| hd3n97 0972846145C8E927 /dev/hdisk3 c5n98g server node
| hd4n97 0972846145C8E92A /dev/hdisk4 c5n97g server node
| hd4n97 0972846145C8E92A /dev/hdisk4 c5n98g server node
| hd5n98 0972846245EB501C /dev/hdisk5 c5n97g server node
| hd5n98 0972846245EB501C /dev/hdisk5 c5n98g server node
| hd6n98 0972846245DB3AD8 /dev/hdisk6 c5n97g server node
| hd6n98 0972846245DB3AD8 /dev/hdisk6 c5n98g server node
| hd7n97 0972846145C8E934 /dev/hd7n97 c5n97g server node
3. To display all of the NSDs in the GPFS cluster in extended format, issue this command:
mmlsnsd -L

The system displays information similar to:

| File system Disk name NSD volume ID NSD servers
| ------------------------------------------------------------
| fs2 hd3n97 0972846145C8E927 c5n97g,c5n98g
| fs2 hd4n97 0972846145C8E92A c5n97g,c5n98g

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 249

| fs2 hd5n98 0972846245EB501C c5n98g,c5n97g
| fs2 hd6n98 0972846245DB3AD8 c5n98g,c5n97g
| fs2 sdbnsd 0972845E45C8E8ED c5n94g,c5n96g
| fs2 sdcnsd 0972845E45C8E8F6 c5n94g,c5n96g
| fs2 sddnsd 0972845E45F83FDB c5n94g,c5n96g
| fs2 sdensd 0972845E45C8E909 c5n94g,c5n96g
| fs2 sdgnsd 0972845E45C8E912 c5n94g,c5n96g
| fs2 sdfnsd 0972845E45F02E81 c5n94g,c5n96g
| fs2 sdhnsd 0972845E45C8E91C c5n94g,c5n96g
| gpfs1 hd2n97 0972846145C8E924 c5n97g,c5n98g
4. To display extended disk information about disks hd3n97, sdfnsd, and hd5n98, issue this command:
mmlsnsd -X -d "hd3n97;sdfnsd;hd5n98"

The system displays information similar to:

| Disk name NSD volume ID Device Devtype Node name Remarks
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| hd3n97 0972846145C8E927 /dev/hdisk3 hdisk c5n97g server node,pr=no
| hd3n97 0972846145C8E927 /dev/hdisk3 hdisk c5n98g server node,pr=no
| hd5n98 0972846245EB501C /dev/hdisk5 hdisk c5n97g server node,pr=no
| hd5n98 0972846245EB501C /dev/hdisk5 hdisk c5n98g server node,pr=no
| sdfnsd 0972845E45F02E81 /dev/sdf generic c5n94g server node
| sdfnsd 0972845E45F02E81 /dev/sdm generic c5n96g server node

See also
“mmcrnsd Command” on page 151

“mmdelnsd Command” on page 185

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

250 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

mmlspolicy Command
Displays policy information.

Synopsis

mmlspolicy Device [-L]

Description

The mmlspolicy command displays policy information for a given file system. The information displayed
includes:
v When the policy file was installed.
v The user who installed the policy file.
v The node on which the policy file was installed.
v The first line of the original policy file.

For information on GPFS policies, see the GPFS: Advanced Administration Guide.

Parameters
Device The device name of the file system for which policy information is to be displayed. File system
names need not be fully-qualified. fs0 is just as acceptable as /dev/fs0.

Options
-L Displays the entire original policy file. If this flag is not specified, only the first line of the
original policy file is displayed

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

Examples
1. This command displays basic information for the policy installed for file system fs2:
| mmlspolicy fs2

The system displays output similar to:

| Policy for file system ’/dev/fs2’:
| Installed by [email protected] on Tue Mar 30 15:06:20 2010.
| First line of policy ’policy’ is:
| /* This is the policy for the fs2 GPFS file system. */
2. This command displays extended information for the policy installed for file system fs2:
mmlspolicy fs2 -L

The system displays output similar to:

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 251

/* This is the policy for the fs2 GPFS file system. */

/* File Placement Rules */

RULE SET POOL ’sp4’ WHERE name like ’%sp4%’
RULE SET POOL ’sp5’ WHERE name like ’%sp5%’
RULE ’default’ SET POOL ’system’

/* Exclude Rule */
RULE ’Exclude root users files’ EXCLUDE WHERE USER_ID = 0 AND
name like ’%org%’

/* Delete Rule */
RULE ’delete files’ DELETE WHERE PATH_NAME like ’%tmp%’

/* Migrate Rule */
RULE ’sp4.files’ MIGRATE FROM POOL ’sp4’ TO POOL ’sp5’ WHERE
name like ’%sp4%’

/* End of Policy */

See also

“mmapplypolicy Command” on page 80

“mmchpolicy Command” on page 136

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

252 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

mmlsquota Command
Displays quota information for a user, group, or fileset.

Synopsis

| mmlsquota [-u User | -g Group | -j Fileset] [-v | -q] [-e] [-C ClusterName]
| [--block-size {BlockSize | auto}] [Device ...]

Or,

| mmlsquota -d {-u | -g | -j} [-C ClusterName]

| [--block-size {BlockSize | auto}] [Device ...]

Description

For the specified User, Group, or Fileset the mmlsquota command displays information about quota limits
and current usage on each file system in the cluster. This information is displayed only if quota limits
have been established and the user has consumed some amount of storage. If you want quota
information for a User, Group, or Fileset that has no file system storage allocated at the present time, you
must specify the -v option.

If none of: -g, -u, or -j is specified, the default is to display only user quotas for the user who issues the
command.

For each file system in the cluster, the mmlsquota command displays:
1. Block limits:
v quota type (USR or GRP or FILESET)
v current usage in KB
v soft limit in KB
v hard limit in KB
v space in doubt
v grace period
2. File limits:
v current number of files
v soft limit
v hard limit
v files in doubt
v grace period

Because the sum of the in-doubt value and the current usage may not exceed the hard limit, the actual
block space and number of files available to the user, group, or fileset may be constrained by the
in-doubt value. If the in-doubt value approaches a significant percentage of the quota, run the
mmcheckquota command to account for the lost space and files.

When issuing the mmlsquota command on a mounted file system, negative in-doubt values may be
reported if the quota server processes a combination of up-to-date and back-level information. This is a
transient situation and may be ignored.

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 253

This command cannot be run from a Windows node.

Parameters
-C ClusterName
Specify the name of the cluster from which the quota information is obtained (from the file
systems within that cluster). If this option is omitted, the local cluster is assumed.
Device
Specifies the device name of the file system for which quota information is to be displayed. File
system names need not be fully-qualified. fs0 is as acceptable as /dev/fs0.

Options
-d Display the default quota limits for user, group, or fileset quotas.
-e Specifies that mmlsquota is to collect updated quota usage data from all nodes before displaying
results. If this option is not specified, there is the potential to display negative usage values as the
quota server may process a combination of up-to-date and back-level information.
-g Group
Display quota information for the user group or group ID specified in the Group parameter.
-j Fileset
Display quota information for the named fileset.
-q Prints a terse message containing information only about file systems with usage over quota.
-u User
Display quota information for the user name or user ID specified in the User parameter.
-v Display quota information on file systems where the User, Group or Fileset limit has been set, but
the storage has not been allocated.
| –block-size {BlockSize | auto}
| Specifies the unit in which the number of blocks is displayed. The value must be of the form
| [n]K, [n]M, [n]G or [n]T, where n is an optional integer in the range 1 to 1023. The default is 1K.
| If auto is specified, the number of blocks is automatically scaled to an easy-to-read value.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

If you are a root user:

v You may view quota information for all users, groups, and filesets.
v The node on which the command is issued must be able to execute remote shell commands on any
other node in the cluster without the use of a password and without producing any extraneous
messages. See “Requirements for administering a GPFS file system” on page 1.

If you are a non-root user, you may view only fileset quota information, your own quota information,
and quota information for any groups to which you belong.

You must be a root user to use the -d option.

GPFS must be running on the node from which the mmlsquota command is issued.

254 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Examples

Userid paul issued this command:

mmlsquota

The system displays information similar to:

Block Limits | File Limits
Filesystem type KB quota limit in_doubt grace |files quota limit in_doubt grace
fsn USR 728 100096 200192 4880 none | 35 30 50 10 6days

This output shows the quotas for user paul in file system fsn set to a soft limit of 100096 KB, and a hard
limit of 200192 KB. 728 KB is currently allocated to paul. 4880 KB is also in doubt, meaning that the
quota system has not yet been updated as to whether this space has been used by the nodes, or whether
it is still available. No grace period appears because the user has not exceeded his quota. If the user had
exceeded the soft limit, the grace period would be set and the user would have that amount of time to
bring his usage below the quota values. If the user failed to do so, the user would not be allocated any
more space.

The soft limit for files (inodes) is set at 30 and the hard limit is 50. 35 files are currently allocated to this
user, and the quota system does not yet know whether the 10 in doubt have been used or are still
available. A grace period of six days appears because the user has exceeded his quota. The user would
have this amount of time to bring his usage below the quota values. If the user fails to do so, the user is
not allocated any more space.

See also

“mmcheckquota Command” on page 116

“mmdefedquota Command” on page 159

“mmdefquotaoff Command” on page 162

“mmdefquotaon Command” on page 164

“mmedquota Command” on page 199

“mmrepquota Command” on page 282

“mmquotaon Command” on page 274

“mmquotaoff Command” on page 272

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 255

mmlssnapshot Command
Displays GPFS snapshot information for the specified file system.

Synopsis

| mmlssnapshot Device [-d]

Description

| Use the mmlssnapshot command to display GPFS snapshot information for the specified file system. You
| may optionally display the amount of storage used by the snapshot.

Parameters
Device The device name of the file system for which snapshot information is to be displayed. File system
names need not be fully-qualified. fs0 is just as acceptable as /dev/fs0.
This must be the first parameter.

Options
| -d Display the amount of storage used by the snapshot.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

| You must be a root user to use the -d option.

If you are a non-root user, you may only specify file systems that belong to the same cluster as the node
on which the mmlssnapshot command was issued.

Examples

To display the snapshot information for the file system fs1 additionally requesting storage information,
issue this command:
mmlssnapshot fs1 -d

The system displays information similar to:

Snapshots in file system fs1: [data and metadata in KB]
Directory SnapId Status Created Data Metadata
snap1 1 Valid Fri Oct 17 10:56:22 2003 0 512

See also

“mmcrsnapshot Command” on page 156

“mmdelsnapshot Command” on page 187

256 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

“mmrestorefs Command” on page 289

“mmsnapdir Command” on page 304

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 257

| mmmigratefs Command
| Performs needed data structure conversions to support new file system features.

| Synopsis

| mmmigratefs Device [--fastea]

| Description

| Use the mmmigratefs command to enable features that require existing on-disk data structures to be
| converted to a new format.

| Before issuing the mmmigratefs command, see the topic about migration, coexistence, and compatibility
| in the GPFS: Concepts, Planning, and Installation Guide. You must ensure that all nodes in the cluster have
| been migrated to the latest level of GPFS code and that you have successfully run the mmchconfig
| release=LATEST command. You must also ensure that the new features have been enabled by running
| mmchfs -V full.

| The file system must be unmounted prior to issuing the mmmigratefs command.

| Parameters
| Device
| The device name of the file system to be migrated. File system names need not be fully qualified;
| for example, fs0 is just as acceptable as /dev/fs0. This must be the first parameter.

| Options
| --fastea
| Convert the existing extended attributes to the new format required for storing the attributes in
| the file's inode and thereby allowing for faster extended-attribute access.

| Exit status
| 0 Successful completion.
| nonzero
| A failure has occurred.

| Security

| You must have root authority to run the mmmigratefs command.

| The node on which the command is issued must be able to execute remote shell commands on any other
| node in the cluster without the use of a password and without producing any extraneous messages. See
| “Requirements for administering a GPFS file system” on page 1.

| Examples

| To enable fast extended attribute access for file system fs3, issue this command:
| mmmigratefs fs3 --fastea

| The system displays information similar to the following:

| You have requested that the file system enable the ’fastea’ feature.
| This will enable new functionality but will prevent you from using
| the file system with earlier releases of GPFS.

258 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

| See also

| “mmchfs Command” on page 121

| Location

| /usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 259

mmmount Command
Mounts GPFS file systems on one or more nodes in the cluster.

Synopsis

mmmount {Device | DefaultMountPoint | DefaultDriveLetter | all | all_local | all_remote} [-o

MountOptions] [-a | -N {Node[,Node...] | NodeFile | NodeClass}]

Or,

mmmount Device {MountPoint | DriveLetter } [-o MountOptions] [-a | -N {Node[,Node...] | NodeFile |

NodeClass}]

Description

The mmmount command mounts the specified GPFS file system on one or more nodes in the cluster. If
no nodes are specified, the file systems are mounted only on the node from which the command was
issued. A file system can be specified using its device name or its default mount point, as established by
the mmcrfs, mmchfs or mmremotefs commands.

When all is specified in place of a file system name, all GPFS file systems will be mounted. This also
includes remote GPFS file systems to which this cluster has access.

Parameters
Device | DefaultMountPoint | DefaultDriveLetter | all | all_local | all_remote
Indicates the file system or file systems to be mounted.
Device The device name of the file system to be mounted. File system names need not be
fully-qualified. fs0 is just as acceptable as /dev/fs0.
DefaultMountPoint
The mount point associated with the file system as a result of the mmcrfs, mmchfs, or
mmremotefs commands.
DefaultDriveLetter
The Windows drive letter associated with the file system as a result of the mmcrfs or
mmchfs command.
all Indicates all file systems known to this cluster.
all_local
Indicates all file systems owned by this cluster.
all_remote
Indicates all files systems owned by another cluster to which this cluster has access.
This must be the first parameter.
DriveLetter
The location where the file system is to be mounted. If not specified, the file system is mounted
at its default drive letter. This option can be used to mount a file system at a drive letter other
than its default one or to mount a file system that does not have an established default drive
letter.
MountPoint
The location where the file system is to be mounted. If not specified, the file system is mounted
at its default mount point. This option can be used to mount a file system at a mount point other
than its default mount point.

260 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Options
-a Mount the file system on all nodes in the GPFS cluster.
-N {Node[,Node...] | NodeFile | NodeClass}
Specifies the nodes on which the file system is to be mounted. For general information on how to
specify node names, see “Specifying nodes as input to GPFS commands” on page 3.
This command does not support a NodeClass of mount.
-o MountOptions
Specifies the mount options to pass to the mount command when mounting the file system. For a
detailed description of the available mount options, see “GPFS-specific mount options” on page
18.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmmount command.

Examples
1. To mount all GPFS file systems on all of the nodes in the cluster, issue this command:
mmmount all -a
2. To mount file system fs2 read-only on the local node, issue this command:
mmmount fs2 -o ro
3. To mount file system fs1 on all NSD server nodes, issue this command:
mmmount fs1 -N nsdsnodes

See also

“mmumount Command” on page 312

“mmlsmount Command” on page 246

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 261

mmnsddiscover Command
Rediscovers paths to the specified network shared disks on the specified nodes.

Synopsis

mmnsddiscover [-a | -d "Disk[;Disk...]" | -F DiskFile] [-C ClusterName] [-N {Node[,Node...] | NodeFile |

NodeClass}]

Description

The mmnsddiscover command is used to rediscover paths for GPFS NSDs on one or more nodes. If you
do not specify a node, GPFS rediscovers NSD paths on the node from which you issued the command.

On server nodes, mmnsddiscover causes GPFS to rediscover access to disks, thus restoring paths which
may have been broken at an earlier time. On client nodes, mmnsddiscover causes GPFS to refresh its
choice of which NSD server to use when an I/O operation occurs.

In general, after the path to a disk is fixed, the mmnsddiscover command must be first run on the server
that lost the path to the NSD. After that, run the command on all client nodes that need to access the
NSD on that server. You can achieve the same effect with a single mmnsddiscover invocation if you
utilize the -N option to specify a node list that contains all the NSD servers and clients that need to
rediscover paths.

Parameters
-a Rediscovers paths for all NSDs. This is the default.
-d "DiskName[;DiskName]"
Specifies a list of NSDs whose paths are to be rediscovered.
-F DiskFile
Specifies a file that contains the names of the NSDs whose paths are to be rediscovered.
-C ClusterName
Specifies the name of the cluster to which the NSDs belong. This defaults to the local cluster if
not specified.
-N {Node[,Node...] | NodeFile | NodeClass}
Specifies the nodes on which the rediscovery is to be done.
For general information on how to specify node names, see “Specifying nodes as input to GPFS
commands” on page 3.

Options

None

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmnsddiscover command.

262 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Examples
1. To rediscover the paths for all of the NSDs in the local cluster on the local node, issue the command:
mmnsddiscover

The system displays output similar to:

mmnsddiscover: Attempting to rediscover the disks.
This may take a while ...

mmnsddiscover: Finished.
2. To rediscover the paths for all of the NSDs in the local cluster on all nodes in the local cluster, issue
the command:
mmnsddiscover -a -N all

The system displays output similar to:

mmnsddiscover: Attempting to rediscover the disks.
This may take a while ...

mmnsddiscover: Finished.
3. To rediscover the paths for a given list of the NSDs on a node in the local cluster, issue the command:
mmnsddiscover -d "gpfs1nsd;gpfs2nsd" -N c6f2c2vp5

The system displays output similar to:

mmnsddiscover: Attempting to rediscover the disks. This may take a while ...
c6f2c2vp5.ppd.pok.ibm.com: GPFS: 627-1812 Rediscovered nsd server access to gpfs1nsd.
c6f2c2vp5.ppd.pok.ibm.com: GPFS: 6027-1805 Rediscovered nsd server access to gpfs2nsd.
mmnsddiscover: Finished.

See also

“mmchnsd Command” on page 134

“mmcrnsd Command” on page 151

“mmdelnsd Command” on page 185

“mmlsnsd Command” on page 248

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 263

mmpmon Command
Manages performance monitoring and displays performance information.

Synopsis

mmpmon [-i CommandFile] [-d IntegerDelayValue] [-p] [-r IntegerRepeatValue] [-s] [-t IntegerTimeoutValue]

Description

Before attempting to use mmpmon, IBM suggests that you review this command entry, then read the
entire topic, Monitoring GPFS I/O performance with the mmpmon command in General Parallel File System:
Advanced Administration Guide.

Use the mmpmon command to manage GPFS performance monitoring functions and display
performance monitoring data. The mmpmon command reads requests from an input file or standard
input (stdin), and writes responses to standard output (stdout). Error messages go to standard error
(stderr). Prompts, if not suppressed, go to stderr.

When running mmpmon in such a way that it continually reads input from a pipe (the driving script or
application never intends to send an end-of-file to mmpmon), set the -r option value to 1 (or use the
default value of 1) to prevent mmpmon from caching the input records. This avoids unnecessary memory
consumption.

This command cannot be run from a Windows node.

Results

The performance monitoring request is sent to the GPFS daemon running on the same node that is
running the mmpmon command.

All results from the request are written to stdout.

There are two output formats:

v Human readable, intended for direct viewing.
In this format, the results are keywords that describe the value presented, followed by the value. For
example:
disks: 2
v Machine readable, an easily parsed format intended for further analysis by scripts or applications.
In this format, the results are strings with values presented as keyword/value pairs. The keywords are
delimited by underscores (_) and blanks to make them easier to locate.

For details on how to interpret the mmpmon command results, see the topic Monitoring GPFS I/O
performance with the mmpmon command in General Parallel File System: Advanced Administration Guide.

Parameters
-i CommandFile
The input file contains mmpmon command requests, one per line. Use of the -i flag implies use
of the -s flag. For interactive use, just omit the -i flag. In this case, the input is then read from
stdin, allowing mmpmon to take keyboard input or output piped from a user script or
application program.
Leading blanks in the input file are ignored. A line beginning with a pound sign (#) is treated as
a comment. Leading blanks in a line whose first non-blank character is a pound sign (#) are
ignored.

264 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Input requests to the mmpmon command are:
fs_io_s
Displays I/O statistics per mounted file system
io_s Displays I/O statistics for the entire node
nlist add name[ name...]
Adds node names to a list of nodes for mmpmon processing
nlist del
Deletes a node list
nlist new name[ name...]
Creates a new node list
nlist s Shows the contents of the current node list.
nlist sub name[ name...]
Deletes node names from a list of nodes for mmpmon processing.
once request
Indicates that the request is to be performed only once.
reset Resets statistics to zero.
rhist nr
Changes the request histogram facility request size and latency ranges.
rhist off
Disables the request histogram facility. This is the default.
rhist on
Enables the request histogram facility.
rhist p
Displays the request histogram facility pattern.
rhist reset
Resets the request histogram facility data to zero.
rhist s Displays the request histogram facility statistics values.
ver Displays mmpmon version.

Options
-d IntegerDelayValue
Specifies a number of milliseconds to sleep after one invocation of all the requests in the input
file. The default value is 1000. This value must be an integer greater than or equal to 500 and less
than or equal to 8000000.
The input file is processed as follows: The first request is processed, it is sent to the GPFS
daemon, the responses for this request are received and processed, the results for this request are
displayed, and then the next request is processed and so forth. When all requests from the input
file have been processed once, the mmpmon command sleeps for the specified number of
milliseconds. When this time elapses, mmpmon wakes up and processes the input file again,
depending on the value of the -r flag.
-p Indicates to generate output that can be parsed by a script or program. If this option is not
specified, human readable output is produced.
-r IntegerRepeatValue
Specifies the number of times to run all the requests in the input file.

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 265

The default value is one. Specify an integer between zero and 8000000. Zero means to run forever,
in which case processing continues until it is interrupted. This feature is used, for example, by a
driving script or application program that repeatedly reads the result from a pipe.
The once prefix directive can be used to override the -r flag. See the description of once in
Monitoring GPFS I/O performance with the mmpmon command in General Parallel File System:
Advanced Administration Guide.
-s Indicates to suppress the prompt on input.
Use of the -i flag implies use of the -s flag. For use in a pipe or with redirected input (<), the -s
flag is preferred. If not suppressed, the prompts go to standard error (stderr).
-t IntegerTimeoutValue
Specifies a number of seconds to wait for responses from the GPFS daemon before considering
the connection to have failed.
The default value is 60. This value must be an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or
equal to 8000000.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
1 Various errors (insufficient memory, input file not found, incorrect option, and so forth).
3 Either no commands were entered interactively, or there were no mmpmon commands in the
input file. The input file was empty, or consisted of all blanks or comments.
4 mmpmon terminated due to a request that was not valid.
5 An internal error has occurred.
111 An internal error has occurred. A message will follow.

Restrictions
1. Up to five instances of mmpmon may be run on a given node concurrently. However, concurrent
users may interfere with each other. See Monitoring GPFS I/O performance with the mmpmon command in
General Parallel File System: Advanced Administration Guide.
2. Do not alter the input file while mmpmon is running.
3. The input file must contain valid input requests, one per line. When an incorrect request is detected
by mmpmon, it issues an error message and terminates. Input requests that appear in the input file
before the first incorrect request are processed by mmpmon.

Security

The mmpmon command must be run by a user with root authority, on the node for which statistics are
desired.

Examples
1. Assume that infile contains these requests:
ver
io_s
fs_io_s
rhist off

and this command is issued:

266 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

mmpmon -i infile -r 10 -d 5000

The output (sent to stdout) is similar to this:

mmpmon node 192.168.1.8 name node1 version 3.1.0
mmpmon node 192.168.1.8 name node1 io_s OK
timestamp: 1083350358/935524
bytes read: 0
bytes written: 0
opens: 0
closes: 0
reads: 0
writes: 0
readdir: 0
inode updates: 0
mmpmon node 192.168.1.8 name node1 fs_io_s status 1
no file systems mounted
mmpmon node 192.168.1.8 name node1 rhist off OK
The requests in the input file are run 10 times, with a delay of 5000 milliseconds (5 seconds) between
invocations.
2. Here is the previous example with the -p flag:
mmpmon -i infile -p -r 10 -d 5000

The output (sent to stdout) is similar to this:

_ver_ _n_ 192.168.1.8 _nn_ node1 _v_ 2 _lv_ 3 _vt_ 0
_io_s_ _n_ 192.168.1.8 _nn_ node1 _rc_ 0 _t_ 1084195701 _tu_ 350714 _br_ 0 _bw_ 0 _oc_ 0
_cc_ 0 _rdc_ 0 _wc_ 0 _dir_ 0 _iu_ 0
_fs_io_s_ _n_ 192.168.1.8 _nn_ node1 _rc_ 1 _t_ 1084195701 _tu_ 364489 _cl_ - _fs_ -_rhist_
_n_ 192.168.1.8 _nn_ node1 _req_ off _rc_ 0 _t_ 1084195701 _tu_ 378217
3. This is an example of fs_io_s with a mounted file system:
mmpmon node 198.168.1.8 name node1 fs_io_s OK
cluster: node1.localdomain
filesystem: gpfs1
disks: 1
timestamp: 1093352136/799285
bytes read: 52428800
bytes written: 87031808
opens: 6
closes: 4
reads: 51
writes: 83
readdir: 0
inode updates: 11

mmpmon node 198.168.1.8 name node1 fs_io_s OK

cluster: node1.localdomain
filesystem: gpfs2
disks: 2
timestamp: 1093352136/799285
bytes read: 87031808
bytes written: 52428800
opens: 4
closes: 3
reads: 12834
writes: 50
readdir: 0
inode updates: 9
4. Here is the previous example with the -p flag:
_fs_io_s_ _n_ 198.168.1.8 _nn_ node1 _rc_ 0 _t_ 1093352061 _tu_ 93867 _cl_ node1.localdomain
_fs_ gpfs1 _d_ 1 _br_ 52428800 _bw_ 87031808 _oc_ 6 _cc_ 4 _rdc_ 51 _wc_ 83 _dir_ 0 _iu_ 10
_fs_io_s_ _n_ 198.168.1.8 _nn_ node1 _rc_ 0 _t_ 1093352061 _tu_ 93867 _cl_ node1.localdomain
_fs_ gpfs2 _d_ 2 _br_ 87031808 _bw_ 52428800 _oc_ 4 _cc_ 3 _rdc_ 12834 _wc_ 50 _dir_ 0 _iu_ 8

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 267

This output consists of two strings.
5. This is an example of io_s with a mounted file system:
mmpmon node 198.168.1.8 name node1 io_s OK
timestamp: 1093351951/587570
bytes read: 139460608
bytes written: 139460608
opens: 10
closes: 7
reads: 12885
writes: 133
readdir: 0
inode updates: 14
6. Here is the previous example with the -p flag:
_io_s_ _n_ 198.168.1.8 _nn_ node1 _rc_ 0 _t_ 1093351982 _tu_ 356420 _br_ 139460608
_bw_ 139460608 _oc_ 10 _cc_ 7 _rdc_ 0 _wc_ 133 _dir_ 0 _iu_ 14

This output consists of one string.

For several more examples, see Monitoring GPFS I/O performance with the mmpmon command in General
Parallel File System: Advanced Administration Guide.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

268 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

mmputacl Command
Sets the GPFS access control list for the specified file or directory.

Synopsis

mmputacl [-d] [-i InFilename] Filename

Description

Use the mmputacl command to set the ACL of a file or directory.

This command cannot be run from a Windows node.

If the -i option is not used, the command expects the input to be supplied through standard input, and
waits for your response to the prompt.

For information about NFS V4 ACLs, see Chapter 6, “Managing GPFS access control lists and NFS
export,” on page 51.

Any output from the mmgetacl command can be used as input to mmputacl. The command is extended
to support NFS V4 ACLs. In the case of NFS V4 ACLs, there is no concept of a default ACL. Instead,
there is a single ACL and the individual access control entries can be flagged as being inherited (either by
files, directories, both, or neither). Consequently, specifying the -d flag for an NFS V4 ACL is an error. By
its nature, storing an NFS V4 ACL implies changing the inheritable entries (the GPFS default ACL) as
well.

The following describes how mmputacl works for POSIX and NFS V4 ACLs:
Command POSIX ACL NFS V4 ACL
----------- ---------------------------- ------------------------
mmputacl Access ACL (Error if default Stores the ACL (implies
ACL is NFS V4 [1]) default as well)
mmputacl -d Default ACL (Error if access Error: NFS V4 ACL (has
ACL is NFS V4 [1] no default ACL)
---------------------------------------------------------------------
[1] The default and access ACLs are not permitted to be mixed types
because NFS V4 ACLs include inherited entries, which are the
equivalent of a default ACL. An mmdelacl of the NFS V4 ACL is
required before an ACL is converted back to POSIX.
---------------------------------------------------------------------

Depending on the file system's -k setting (posix, nfs4, or all), mmputacl may be restricted. The
mmputacl command is not allowed to store an NFS V4 ACL if -k posix is in effect. The mmputacl
command is not allowed to store a POSIX ACL if -k nfs4 is in effect. For more information, see the
description of the -k flag for the mmchfs, mmcrfs, and mmlsfs commands.

Note that the test to see if the given ACL is acceptable based on the file system's -k setting cannot be
done until after the ACL is provided. For example, if mmputacl file1 is issued (no -i flag specified) the
user then has to input the ACL before the command can verify that it is an appropriate ACL given the
file system settings. Likewise, the command mmputacl -d dir1 (again the ACL was not given with the -i
flag) requires that the ACL be entered before file system ACL settings can be tested. In this situation, the
-i flag may be preferable to manually entering a long ACL, only to find out it is not allowed by the file
system.

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 269

Parameters
Filename
The path name of the file or directory for which the ACL is to be set. If the -d option is specified,
Filename must be the name of a directory.

Options
-d Specifies that the default ACL of a directory is to be set. This flag cannot be used on an NFS V4
ACL.
-i InFilename
The path name of a source file from which the ACL is to be read.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You may issue the mmputacl command only from a node in the GPFS cluster where the file system is
mounted.

You must be the file or directory owner, the root user, or someone with control permission in the ACL, to
run the mmputacl command.

Examples

To use the entries in a file named standard.acl to set the ACL for a file named project2.history, issue this
command:
mmputacl -i standard.acl project2.history

where standard.acl contains:

user::rwxc
group::rwx-
other::--x-
mask::rw-c
user:alpha:rwxc
group:audit:rwx-
group:system:-w--

To confirm the change, issue this command:

mmgetacl project.history

The system displays information similar to:

#owner:paul
#group:design
user::rwxc
group::rwx-
other::--x-
mask::rw-c
user:alpha:rwxc
group:audit:rwx-
group:system:-w--

270 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

See also

“mmeditacl Command” on page 196

“mmdelacl Command” on page 170

“mmgetacl Command” on page 213

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 271

mmquotaoff Command
Deactivates quota limit checking.

Synopsis

mmquotaoff [-u] [-g] [-j] [-v] {Device [Device ...] | -a}

Description

The mmquotaoff command disables quota limit checking by GPFS.

If none of: -u, -j or -g is specified, the mmquotaoff command deactivates quota limit checking for users,
groups, and filesets.

If the -a option is not specified, Device must be the last parameter entered.

Parameters
Device[ Device ... ]
The device name of the file system to have quota limit checking deactivated.
If more than one file system is listed, the names must be delimited by a space. File system names
need not be fully-qualified. fs0 is just as acceptable as /dev/fs0.

Options
-a Deactivates quota limit checking for all GPFS file systems in the cluster. When used in
combination with the -g option, only group quota limit checking is deactivated. When used in
combination with the -u or -j options, only user or fileset quota limit checking, respectively, is
deactivated.
-g Specifies that only group quota limit checking is to be deactivated.
-j Specifies that only quota checking for filesets is to be deactivated.
-u Specifies that only user quota limit checking is to be deactivated.
-v Prints a message for each file system in which quotas are deactivated.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmquotaoff command.

GPFS must be running on the node from which the mmquotaoff command is issued.

Examples
1. To deactivate user quota limit checking on file system fs0, issue this command:
mmquotaoff -u fs0

272 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

To confirm the change, issue this command:
mmlsfs fs0 -Q

The system displays information similar to:

flag value description
---- -------------- ---------------
-Q group;fileset Quotas enforced
2. To deactivate group quota limit checking on all file systems, issue this command:
mmquotaoff -g -a

To confirm the change, individually for each file system, issue this command:
mmlsfs fs2 -Q

The system displays information similar to:

flag value description
---- -------------- -----------------
-Q user;fileset Quotas enforced
3. To deactivate all quota limit checking on file system fs0, issue this command:
mmquotaoff fs0

To confirm the change, issue this command:

mmlsfs fs0 -Q

The system displays information similar to:

flag value description
---- -------------- ----------------
-Q none Quotas enforced

See also

“mmcheckquota Command” on page 116

“mmdefedquota Command” on page 159

“mmdefquotaoff Command” on page 162

“mmdefquotaon Command” on page 164

“mmedquota Command” on page 199

“mmlsquota Command” on page 253

“mmquotaon Command” on page 274

“mmrepquota Command” on page 282

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 273

mmquotaon Command
Activates quota limit checking.

Synopsis

mmquotaon [-u] [-g] [-j] [-v] {Device [Device...] | -a}

Description

The mmquotaon command enables quota limit checking by GPFS.

If none of: -u, -j or -g is specified, the mmquotaon command activates quota limit checking for users,
groups, and filesets.

If the -a option is not used, Device must be the last parameter specified.

After quota limit checking has been activated by issuing the mmquotaon command, issue the
mmcheckquota command to count inode and space usage.

Parameters
Device[ Device ... ]
The device name of the file system to have quota limit checking activated.
If more than one file system is listed, the names must be delimited by a space. File system names
need not be fully-qualified. fs0 is just as acceptable as /dev/fs0.

Options
-a Activates quota limit checking for all of the GPFS file systems in the cluster. When used in
combination with the -g option, only group quota limit checking is activated. When used in
combination with the -u or -j option, only user or fileset quota limit checking, respectively, is
activated.
-g Specifies that only group quota limit checking is to be activated.
-j Specifies that only fileset quota checking is to be activated.
-u Specifies that only user quota limit checking is to be activated.
-v Prints a message for each file system in which quota limit checking is activated.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmquotaon command.

GPFS must be running on the node from which the mmquotaon command is issued.

274 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Examples
1. To activate user quotas on file system fs0, issue this command:
mmquotaon -u fs0

To confirm the change, issue this command:

mmlsfs fs0 -Q

The system displays information similar to:

flag value description
---- -------------- ----------------
-Q user Quotas enforced
2. To activate group quota limit checking on all file systems, issue this command:
mmquotaon -g -a

To confirm the change, individually for each file system, issue this command:
mmlsfs fs1 -Q

The system displays information similar to:

flag value description
---- -------------- ----------------
-Q group Quotas enforced
3. To activate user, group, and fileset quota limit checking on file system fs2, issue this command:
mmquotaon fs2

To confirm the change, issue this command:

mmlsfs fs2 -Q

The system displays information similar to:

flag value description
---- -------------- ---------------
-Q user;group;fileset Quotas enforced

See also

“mmcheckquota Command” on page 116

“mmdefedquota Command” on page 159

“mmdefquotaoff Command” on page 162

“mmdefquotaon Command” on page 164

“mmedquota Command” on page 199

“mmlsquota Command” on page 253

“mmquotaoff Command” on page 272

“mmrepquota Command” on page 282

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 275

mmremotecluster Command
Manages the information about other GPFS clusters that this cluster can access when mounting remote
GPFS file systems.

Synopsis

mmremotecluster add RemoteClusterName [-n ContactNodes] [-k KeyFile]

Or,

mmremotecluster update RemoteClusterName [-C NewClusterName] [-n ContactNodes] [-k KeyFile]

Or,

mmremotecluster delete {RemoteClusterName | all}

Or,

mmremotecluster show [RemoteClusterName | all]

Description

The mmremotecluster command is used to make remote GPFS clusters known to the local cluster, and to
maintain the attributes associated with those remote clusters. The keyword appearing after
mmremotecluster determines which action is performed:
add Adds a remote GPFS cluster to the set of remote clusters known to the local cluster.
delete Deletes the information for a remote GPFS cluster.
show Displays information about a remote GPFS cluster.
update
Updates the attributes of a remote GPFS cluster.

To be able to mount file systems that belong to some other GPFS cluster, you must first make the nodes
in this cluster aware of the GPFS cluster that owns those file systems. This is accomplished with the
mmremotecluster add command. The information that the command requires must be provided to you
by the administrator of the remote GPFS cluster. You will need this information:
v The name of the remote cluster.
v The names or IP addresses of a few nodes that belong to the remote GPFS cluster.
v The public key file generated by the administrator of the remote cluster by running the mmauth
genkey command for the remote cluster.

Since each cluster is managed independently, there is no automatic coordination and propagation of
changes between clusters like there is between the nodes within a cluster. This means that once a remote
cluster is defined with the mmremotecluster command, the information about that cluster is
automatically propagated across all nodes that belong to this cluster. But if the administrator of the
remote cluster decides to rename it, or deletes some or all of the contact nodes, or change the public key
file, the information in this cluster becomes obsolete. It is the responsibility of the administrator of the
remote GPFS cluster to notify you of such changes so that you can update your information using the
appropriate options of the mmremotecluster update command.

Parameters
RemoteClusterName
Specifies the cluster name associated with the remote cluster that owns the remote GPFS file

276 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

system. The value all indicates all remote clusters defined to this cluster, when using the
mmremotecluster delete or mmremotecluster show commands.
-C NewClusterName
Specifies the new cluster name to be associated with the remote cluster.
-k KeyFile
Specifies the name of the public key file provided to you by the administrator of the remote
GPFS cluster.
-n ContactNodes
A comma separated list of nodes that belong to the remote GPFS cluster, in this format:
[tcpPort=NNNN,]node1[,node2 ...]

where:
tcpPort=NNNN

Specifies the TCP port number to be used by the local GPFS daemon when contacting the remote
cluster. If not specified, GPFS will use the default TCP port number 1191.
node1[,node2...]

Specifies a list of nodes that belong to the remote cluster. The nodes can be identified through
their host names or IP addresses.

Options

None.

Exit status
0 Successful completion. After successful completion of the mmremotecluster command, the new
configuration information is propagated to all nodes in the cluster.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmremotecluster command.

Examples
1. This command adds remote cluster k164.kgn.ibm.com to the set of remote clusters known to the local
cluster, specifying k164n02 and k164n03 as remote contact nodes. File k164.id_rsa.pub is the name of
the public key file provided to you by the administrator of the remote cluster.
mmremotecluster add k164.kgn.ibm.com -n k164n02,k164n03\
-k k164.id_rsa.pub

The output is similar to this:

mmremotecluster: 6027-1371 Propagating the changes to all
affected nodes. This is an asynchronous process.
2. This command displays information for the remote cluster k164.kgn.ibm.com.
mmremotecluster show k164.kgn.ibm.com

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 277

The output is similar to this:
Cluster name: k164.kgn.ibm.com
Contact nodes: k164n02,k164n03
SHA digest: a3917c8282fca7a27d951566940768dcd241902b
File systems: (none defined)
For more information on the SHA digest, see General Parallel File System: Problem Determination Guide
and search on SHA digest.
3. This command updates information for the remote cluster k164.kgn.ibm.com, changing the remote
contact nodes to k164n02 and k164n01. The TCP port to be used when contacting cluster
k164.kgn.ibm.com is defined to be 6667..
mmremotecluster update k164.kgn.ibm.com -n tcpPort=6667,k164n02,k164n01

The output is similar to this:

mmremotecluster: 6027-1371 Propagating the changes to all
affected nodes. This is an asynchronous process.
The mmremotecluster show command can then be used to see the changes.
mmremotecluster show k164.kgn.ibm.com

The output is similar to this:

Cluster name: k164.kgn.ibm.com
Contact nodes: tcpPort=6667,k164n02,k164n01
SHA digest: a3917c8282fca7a27d951566940768dcd241902b
File systems: (none defined)
For more information on the SHA digest, see General Parallel File System: Problem Determination Guide
and search on SHA digest.
4. This command deletes information for remote cluster k164.kgn.ibm.com from the local cluster.
mmremotecluster delete k164.kgn.ibm.com

The output is similar to this:

mmremotecluster: 6027-1371 Propagating the changes to all
affected nodes. This is an asynchronous process.

See also

“mmauth Command” on page 88

“mmremotefs Command” on page 279

Accessing GPFS file systems from other GPFS clusters in General Parallel File System: Advanced Administration
Guide.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

278 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

mmremotefs Command
Manages the information about GPFS file systems from other clusters that this cluster can mount.

Synopsis

mmremotefs add Device -f RemoteDevice -C RemoteClusterName [-T MountPoint] [-t DriveLetter] [-A {yes |
| no | automount}] [-o MountOptions] [--mount-priority Priority]

Or,

mmremotefs delete {Device | all | -C RemoteClusterName}

Or,

mmremotefs show [Device | all | -C RemoteClusterName]

Or,

mmremotefs update Device [-f RemoteDevice] [-C RemoteClusterName] [-T MountPoint] [-t DriveLetter] [-A
| {yes | no | automount}] [-o MountOptions] [--mount-priority Priority]

Description

The mmremotefs command is used to make GPFS file systems that belong to other GPFS clusters known
to the nodes in this cluster, and to maintain the attributes associated with these file systems. The keyword
appearing after mmremotefs determines which action is performed:
add Define a new remote GPFS file system.
delete Delete the information for a remote GPFS file system.
show Display the information associated with a remote GPFS file system.
update
Update the information associated with a remote GPFS file system.

Use the mmremotefs command to make the nodes in this cluster aware of file systems that belong to
other GPFS clusters. The cluster that owns the given file system must have already been defined with the
mmremotecluster command. The mmremotefs command is used to assign a local name under which the
remote file system will be known in this cluster, the mount point where the file system is to be mounted
in this cluster, and any local mount options that you may want.

Once a remote file system has been successfully defined and a local device name associated with it, you
can issue normal commands using that local name, the same way you would issue them for file systems
that are owned by this cluster.

When running the mmremotefs command delete and update options, the file system must be unmounted
on the local cluster, however, it can be mounted elsewhere.

Parameters
Device Specifies the name by which the remote GPFS file system will be known in the cluster.
-C RemoteClusterName
Specifies the name of the GPFS cluster that owns the remote GPFS file system.

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 279

-f RemoteDevice
Specifies the actual name of the remote GPFS file system. This is the device name of the file
system as known to the remote cluster that owns the file system.

Options
-A {yes | no | automount}
Indicates when the file system is to be mounted:
yes When the GPFS daemon starts.
no Manual mount. This is the default.
automount
When the file system is first accessed.
-o MountOptions
Specifies the mount options to pass to the mount command when mounting the file system. For a
detailed description of the available mount options, see “GPFS-specific mount options” on page
18.
-T MountPoint
The local mount point directory of the remote GPFS file system. If it is not specified, the mount
point will be set to DefaultMountDir/Device. The default value for DefaultMountDir is /gpfs, but it
can be changed with the mmchconfig command.
-t DriveLetter
Specifies the drive letter to use when the file system is mounted on Windows.
| --mount-priority Priority
Controls the order in which the individual file systems are mounted at daemon startup or when
one of the all keywords is specified on the mmmount command.
File systems with higher Priority numbers are mounted after file systems with lower numbers.
File systems that do not have mount priorities are mounted last. A value of zero indicates no
| priority.

Exit status
0 Successful completion. After successful completion of the mmremotefs command, the new
configuration information is propagated to all nodes in the cluster.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmremotefs command.

Examples

This command adds remote file system gpfsn, owned by remote cluster k164.kgn.ibm.com, to the local
cluster, assigning rgpfsn as the local name for the file system, and /gpfs/rgpfsn as the local mount point.
mmremotefs add rgpfsn -f gpfsn -C k164.kgn.ibm.com -T /gpfs/rgpfsn

The output is similar to this:

280 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

mmremotefs: 6027-1371 Propagating the changes to all affected
nodes. This is an asynchronous process.

The mmremotefs show command can be used to see the changes.

mmremotefs show rgpfsn

The output is similar to this:

Local Name Remote Name Cluster name Mount Point Mount Options Automount Drive
rgpfs1 gpfs1 gpfs-n60-win.fvtdomain.net /rgpfs1 rw no K

See also

“mmauth Command” on page 88

“mmremotecluster Command” on page 276

Accessing GPFS file systems from other GPFS clusters in General Parallel File System: Advanced Administration
Guide.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 281

mmrepquota Command
Reports file system user, group, and fileset quotas.

Synopsis

| mmrepquota [-e] [-g] [-q] [-u] [-n] [-v] [-j]

| [--block-size {BlockSize | auto}] {Device [Device ...] | -a}

Description

The mmrepquota command reports file system usage and quota information for a user, group, or fileset.

This command cannot be run from a Windows node.

If none of -g, -j, or -u is specified, then user, group and fileset quotas are listed.

If the -a option is not specified, Device must be the last parameter entered.

For each file system in the cluster, the mmrepquota command displays:
1. Block limits:
v quota type (USR, GRP or FILESET)
v current usage in KB
v soft limit in KB
v hard limit in KB
v space in doubt
v grace period
2. File limits:
v current number of files
v soft limit
v hard limit
v files in doubt
v grace period
3. Entry Type
default on
Default quotas are enabled for this file system
default off
Default quotas are not enabled for this file system
e Explicit quotas – the quota limits have been explicitly set using the mmedquota command
d Default quotas – the quota limits are the default values set using the mmdefedquota
command
i Initial quotas – default quotas were not enabled when this initial entry was established. Initial
quota limits have a value of zero indicating no limit.

Because the sum of the in-doubt value and the current usage may not exceed the hard limit, the actual
block space and number of files available to the user, group, or fileset may be constrained by the in-doubt
value. If the in-doubt value approach a significant percentage of the quota, run the mmcheckquota
command to account for the lost space and files.

282 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

When issuing the mmrepquota command on a mounted file system, negative in-doubt values may be
reported if the quota server processes a combination of up-to-date and back-level information. This is a
transient situation and may be ignored.

Parameters
Device[ Device...]
The device name of the file system to be listed.
If more than one file system is listed, the names must be delimited by a space. File system names
need not be fully-qualified. fs0 is just as acceptable as /dev/fs0.

Options
-a Lists quotas for all file systems in the cluster. A header line is printed automatically with this
option.
-e Specifies that the mmrepquota command is to collect updated quota usage data from all nodes
before displaying results. If this option is not specified, there is the potential to display negative
usage values as the quota server may process a combination of up-to-date and back-level
information.
-g List only group quotas.
-j List only fileset quotas.
-n Displays a numerical user ID.
-q Show whether quota enforcement is active.
-u List only user quotas.
-v Print a header line.
| –block-size {BlockSize | auto}
| Specifies the unit in which the number of blocks is displayed. The value must be of the form
| [n]K, [n]M, [n]G or [n]T, where n is an optional integer in the range 1 to 1023. The default is 1K.
| If auto is specified, the number of blocks is automatically scaled to an easy-to-read value.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmrepquota command.

GPFS must be running on the node from which the mmrepquota command is issued.

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 283

Examples
1. To report on user quotas for file system fs2 and display a header line, issue this command:
mmrepquota -u -v fs2

The system displays information similar to:

*** Report for USR quotas on fs2
Block Limits | File Limits
in in entry
Name type KB quota limit doubt grace|files quota limit doubt grace Type
root USR 8 0 0 0 none | 1 0 0 0 none default
on
user2 USR 2016 256 512 0 6days | 7 10 20 0 none d
user3 USR 104 256 512 0 none | 1 10 20 0 none d
user4 USR 0 256 512 0 none | 0 10 20 0 none d
user5 USR 368 256 512 0 23hours| 5 4 10 0 23hours d
user6 USR 0 256 512 0 none | 0 10 20 0 none d
user7 USR 1024 1024 5120 4096 none | 1 0 0 19 none e
2. To report on quota enforcement for fs2, issue this command:
mmrepquota -q fs2

The system displays information similar to:

fs2: USR quota is on; default quota is on
fs2: GRP quota is on; default quota is on
fs2: FILESET quota is on; default quota is off

See also

“mmcheckquota Command” on page 116

“mmdefedquota Command” on page 159

“mmdefquotaoff Command” on page 162

“mmdefquotaon Command” on page 164

“mmedquota Command” on page 199

“mmlsquota Command” on page 253

“mmquotaoff Command” on page 272

“mmquotaon Command” on page 274

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

284 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

mmrestoreconfig Command
Restores file system configuration information.

Synopsis

mmrestoreconfig Device -i InputFile [-I {test | yes | continue }] [-Q {yes | no}] [-W NewDeviceName] [-z
{yes | no}]

| mmrestoreconfig Device -i InputFile -F QueryResultFile

mmrestoreconfig Device -i InputFile -I continue

Description

| The mmrestoreconfig command allows you to either query or restore, or both query and restore, the
| output file of the mmbackupconfig command.

In the query phase, the mmrestoreconfig command uses the output file generated by the
mmbackupconfig command as an input parameter, and then creates a configuration file. Users can then
edit the configuration file to fit their current file system configuration. You can use the definitions in the
configuration file to create the appropriate network shared disks (NSDs) and file systems required for the
restore.

In the restore phase, the mmrestoreconfig command uses the input file (output from the
| mmbackupconfig command) to restore the backed up file system configuration in the newly created file
system.

| Note: This command cannot be run from a Windows node.

Parameters
Device Specifies the name of the file system to be restored.

Options
-I {test | yes | continue}
Specifies the action to be taken during the restore phase:
| test Test all the configuration settings before the actual restore is performed.
yes Test and proceed on the restore process. This is the default action.
continue
Restart mmrestoreconfig from the last known successful configuration restore.
-i inputFile
Specifies the file generated by the mmbackupconfig command. The input file contains the file
system configuration information.
| -F QueryResultFile
Specifies the pathname of the configuration query result file generated by mmrestoreconfig. The
configuration query result file is a report file that you can edit and use as a guide to mmcrnsd or
mmcrfs.

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 285

-Q {yes | no}
Specifies whether quota settings are enforced during the file system restore. If set to no, the quota
settings are ignored.
-W newDeviceName
Restores the backed up file system information to this new device name
-z {yes | no}
Specifies whether to enable the DMAPI settings during the file system restore. If set to no, the
DMAPI settings are ignored.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
1 Partially successful completion.
2 A failure has occurred that cannot be corrected. A new mmrestoreconfig run is required.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmrestoreconfig command.

Examples
| 1. Run mmrestoreconfig -F QueryResultFile to specify the pathname of the configuration query result file
| to be generated.
| mmrestoreconfig gpfs1 -i inputFile -F reportfile
2. To test the settings before running the restore:
| mmrestoreconfig fs1 -i nothing -I test

The system displays output similar to:

| ------------------------------------------------------------
| Configuration test restore of fs1 begins at Fri May 21
| 15:05:54 EDT 2010.
| ------------------------------------------------------------
| Checking disk settings for fs1:
| Checking the number of storage pools defined for fs1.
| The restored filesystem currently has 2 pools defined.
| Checking storage pool names defined for fs1.
| Storage pool ’system’ defined.
| Checking storage pool size for ’system’.
| Storage pool size 280190976 was defined for ’system’.
| Storage pool ’sp1’ defined.
| Checking storage pool size for ’sp1’.
| Storage pool size 700477440 was defined for ’sp1’.
|
| Checking filesystem attribute configuration for fs1:
| Filesystem attribute values match for stripeMethod.
| Filesystem attribute values match for logicalSectorSize.
| Filesystem attribute values match for minFragmentSize.
| Filesystem attribute values match for inodeSize.
| Filesystem attribute values match for indirectBlockSize.
| Filesystem attribute values match for defaultMetadataReplicas.
| Filesystem attribute values match for maxMetadataReplicas.
| Filesystem attribute values match for prefetchBuffers.
| Filesystem attribute values match for defaultDataReplicas.
| Filesystem attribute values match for maxDataReplicas.
| Filesystem attribute values match for blockAllocationType.

286 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

| Filesystem attribute values match for maxExpectedDiskI/OLatency.
| Filesystem attribute values match for fileLockingSemantics.
| Filesystem attribute values match for ACLSemantics.
| Filesystem attribute values match for estimatedAverageFilesize.
| Filesystem attribute values match for numNodes.
| Filesystem attribute values match for
| maxConcurrentI/OOperationsPerDisk.
| Filesystem attribute values match for blockSize.
| Filesystem attribute values match for quotasEnforced.
| Filesystem attribute values match for defaultQuotasEnabled.
| Filesystem attribute values match for filesystemVersion.
| Filesystem attribute values match for filesystemVersionLocal.
| Filesystem attribute values match for filesystemVersionManager.
| Filesystem attribute values match for filesystemVersionOriginal.
| Filesystem attribute values match for filesystemHighestSupported.
| Filesystem attribute values match for
| aggressivenessLevelOfTokensPrefetch.
| Filesystem attribute values match for supportForLargeLUNs.
| Filesystem attribute values match for DMAPIEnabled.
| Filesystem attribute values match for logfileSize.
| Filesystem attribute values match for exactMtime.
| Filesystem attribute values match for suppressAtime.
| Filesystem attribute values match for strictReplication.
| Filesystem attribute values match for create-time.
| Filesystem attribute values match for fastEAenabled.
| Filesystem attribute values match for filesystemFeatures.
| Filesystem attribute values match for filesetdfEnabled.
| Filesystem attribute values match for maxNumberOfInodes.
| Filesystem attribute values match for maxSnapshotId.
| Filesystem attribute values match for storagePools.
| Filesystem attribute values match for defaultMountPoint.
| Filesystem attribute values match for automaticMountOption.
| Filesystem attribute values match for additionalMountOptions.
|
| Checking fileset configurations for fs1:
| Fileset to restore: populateFS.oldFileset.9429.
| Fileset status:
| Linked /fs1/populateFSdir/migrateDir.popFSDir.9429.oldFileset
| Fileset mode: off
| Fileset to restore: mkfiles.subdirfs1.
| Fileset status: Linked /fs1/subdirfs1
| Fileset mode: off
|
| Checking policy rule configuration for fs1:
| Testing policy configuration restore.
| Validated policy `policyfile.backup’:
| parsed 1 Placement Rules,
| 0 Restore Rules,
| 0 Migrate/Delete/Exclude Rules,
| 0 List Rules, 0 External Pool/List Rules
|
| Checking quota settings for fs1:
| Checking quota enablement for fs1.
|
| Disabling the following settings:
| Enabling the following settings: -u -g -j
|
| Disabling the following default quota settings: -j
|
| Enabling the following default quota settings: -u -g
|
| Quota limits for fs1:
|
| Default Quota limits for fs1:
|
| mmrestoreconfig: Command successfully completed
3. Run mmrestoreconfig to restore the gpfs1 file system:

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 287

mmrestoreconfig gpfs1 -i inputFile

See also

“mmbackupconfig Command” on page 94

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

288 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

mmrestorefs Command
Restores a file system from a GPFS snapshot.

Synopsis

| mmrestorefs Device SnapshotName [-c]

Description

Use the mmrestorefs command to restore user data and attribute files to a file system using those of the
specified snapshot.

Prior to issuing the mmrestorefs command, unmount the file system from all nodes in the cluster. The
file system may not be remounted until the mmrestorefs command has successfully completed, unless
you have specified the -c option to force the restore to continue even in the event errors are encountered.
Automatic quota activation upon mounting the file system is not restored by the mmrestorefs command.
You must issue the mmchfs -Q yes command to restore automatic quota activation.

Snapshots are not affected by the mmrestorefs command. Consequently, a failure while restoring one
snapshot may possibly be recovered by restoring a different snapshot.

When the mmsnapdir -a (add a snapshots subdirectory to all subdirectories in the file system) option is
in effect, the snapshots subdirectories may no longer show the complete list of snapshots containing the
parent directory, if the file system was restored from a snapshot that was not the latest. Since the root
directory is contained in all snapshots, its snapshots subdirectory will always show the complete list of
snapshots.

For information on how GPFS policies and snapshots interact, see the GPFS: Advanced Administration
Guide.

Because snapshots are not copies of the entire file system, they should not be used as protection against
media failures. For protection against media failures, see GPFS: Concepts, Planning, and Installation Guide
and search on recoverability considerations.

Options
-c Continue to restore the file system in the event errors occur.
Upon completion of the mmrestorefs -c command, the file system is inconsistent, but can be
mounted to recover data from the snapshot. If necessary, the command may be issued to recover
as much data as possible. The mmfsck command may be run on an inconsistent file system.
After the mmrestorefs -c command has been issued, use the mmfsck command to clean up the
files or directories that could not be restored.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 289

nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmrestorefs command.

Examples

We have a directory structure similar to:

/fs1/file1
/fs1/userA/file2
/fs1/userA/file3

/fs1/.snapshots/snap1/file1
/fs1/.snapshots/snap1/userA/file2
/fs1/.snapshots/snap1/userA/file3

If the directory userA is then deleted, we would have:

/fs1/file1

/fs1/.snapshots/snap1/file1
/fs1/.snapshots/snap1/userA/file2
/fs1/.snapshots/snap1/userA/file3

The directory userB is then created using the inode originally assigned to userA. We take another
snapshot:
mmcrsnapshot fs1 snap2

The output is similar to this:

Writing dirty data to disk
Quiescing all file system operations
Writing dirty data to disk again
Creating snapshot.
Resuming operations.

After the command is issued, the directory structure would appear similar to:
/fs1/file1
/fs1/userB/file2b
/fs1/userB/file3b

/fs1/.snapshots/snap1/file1
/fs1/.snapshots/snap1/userA/file2
/fs1/.snapshots/snap1/userA/file3

/fs1/.snapshots/snap2/file1
/fs1/.snapshots/snap2/userB/file2b
/fs1/.snapshots/snap2/userB/file3b

If the file system is then to be restored from snap1:

mmrestorefs fs1 snap1

After the command has been issued, the directory structure would appear similar to:

290 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

/fs1/file1
/fs1/userA/file2
/fs1/userA/file3

/fs1/.snapshots/snap1/file1
/fs1/.snapshots/snap1/userA/file2
/fs1/.snapshots/snap1/userA/file3

/fs1/.snapshots/snap2/file1
/fs1/.snapshots/snap2/userB/file2b
/fs1/.snapshots/snap2/userB/file3b

See also

“mmcrsnapshot Command” on page 156

“mmdelsnapshot Command” on page 187

“mmlssnapshot Command” on page 256

“mmsnapdir Command” on page 304

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 291

mmrestripefile Command
Rebalances or restores the replication factor of the specified files.

Synopsis

mmrestripefile {-b | -m | -p | -r} {-F FilenameFile | Filename [Filename...]}

Description

The mmrestripefile command performs a repair operation over the specified list of files. The -F flag
allows the user to specify a file containing the list of file names to be restriped, with one file name per
line.

The mmrestripefile command attempts to restore the metadata or data replication factor of the file.

You must specify one of the four options (-b, -m, -p, or -r) to indicate how much file data to move.

If you do not use replication, the -m and -r options are equivalent. Their behavior differs only on
replicated files. A migrate operation, using the -m option, leaves data on a suspended disk as long as at
least one other replica of the data remains on a disk that is not suspended. Restriping a file includes
replicating it. The -b option performs all the operations of the -m and -r options.

Parameters
-F FilenameFile
Specifies a file that contains a list of names of files to be restriped, one name per line.
Filename
Specifies the names of one or more files to be restriped.

Options
-b Rebalances a list of files across all disks that are not suspended, even if they are stopped.
Although blocks are allocated on a stopped disk, they are not written to a stopped disk, nor are
reads allowed from a stopped disk, until that disk is started and replicated data is copied onto it.
-m Migrates critical data off of any suspended disk for a list of specified files. Critical data is all data
that would be lost if currently suspended disks were removed.
-p Directs mmrestripefile to repair the file placement within the storage pool.
Files assigned to one storage pool, but with data in a different pool, will have their data migrated
to the correct pool. These files are called ill-placed. Utilities, such as the mmchattr command, may
change a file's storage pool assignment, but not move the data. The mmrestripefile command
may then be invoked to migrate all of the data at once, rather than migrating each file
individually. Note that the rebalance operation, specified by the -b option, also performs data
placement on all files, whereas the placement option, specified by -p, rebalances only the files
that it moves.
-r Migrates all data for a list of files off of suspended disks. It also restores all specified replicated
files in the file system to their designated degree of replication when a previous disk failure or
removal of a disk has made some replicated data inaccessible. Use this option either immediately
after a disk failure, to protect replicated data against a subsequent failure, or before taking a disk
offline for maintenance, to protect replicated data against failure of another disk during the
maintenance process.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.

292 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmrestripefile command.

Examples

This example illustrates restriping a file named testfile0. This command confirms that testfile0 is
illplaced.
mmlsattr -L testfile0

The system displays output similar to:

To correct the problem, issue this command:

mmrestripefile -p testfile0

To confirm the change, issue this command:

mmlsattr -L testfile0

The system displays output similar to:

See also

“mmadddisk Command” on page 73

“mmapplypolicy Command” on page 80

“mmchattr Command” on page 96

“mmchdisk Command” on page 112

“mmdeldisk Command” on page 173

“mmrpldisk Command” on page 298

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 293

“mmrestripefs Command” on page 295

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

294 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

mmrestripefs Command
Rebalances or restores the replication of all files in a file system.

Synopsis

mmrestripefs Device {-b | -m | -p | -r | -R} [-N {Node[,Node...] | NodeFile | NodeClass}] [-P PoolName]

Description

Use the mmrestripefs command to rebalance or restore the replication of all files in a file system. The
mmrestripefs command moves existing file system data between different disks in the file system based
on changes to the disk state made by the mmchdisk, mmadddisk, and mmdeldisk commands.

The mmrestripefs command attempts to restore the metadata or data replication of any file in the file
system.

You must specify one of the five options (-b, -m, -p, -r, or -R) to indicate how much file system data to
move. You can issue this command against a mounted or unmounted file system.

If you do not use replication, the -m and -r options are equivalent. Their behavior differs only on
replicated files. After a successful replicate (-r option), all suspended disks are empty. A migrate
operation, using the -m option, leaves data on a suspended disk as long as at least one other replica of
the data remains on a disk that is not suspended. Restriping a file system includes replicating it. The -b
option performs all the operations of the -m and -r options.

Consider the necessity of restriping and the current demands on the system. New data that is added to
the file system is correctly striped. Restriping a large file system requires a large number of insert and
delete operations and may affect system performance. Plan to perform this task when system demand is
low.

Parameters
Device The device name of the file system to be restriped. File system names need not be fully-qualified.
fs0 is as acceptable as /dev/fs0.
This must be the first parameter.
-N {Node[,Node...] | NodeFile | NodeClass}
Specify the nodes that participate in the restripe of the file system. This command supports all
| defined node classes. The default is all or the current value of the defaultHelperNodes parameter
| of the mmchconfig command.
For general information on how to specify node names, see “Specifying nodes as input to GPFS
commands” on page 3.

Options
-b Rebalances all files across all disks that are not suspended, even if they are stopped. Although
blocks are allocated on a stopped disk, they are not written to a stopped disk, nor are reads
allowed from a stopped disk, until that disk is started and replicated data is copied onto it. The
mmrestripefs command rebalances and restripes the file system. Use this option to rebalance the
file system after adding, changing, or deleting disks in a file system.

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 295

-m Migrates all critical data off of any suspended disk in this file system. Critical data is all data that
would be lost if currently suspended disks were removed.
-P PoolName
Directs mmrestripefs to repair only files assigned to the specified storage pool.
-p Directs mmrestripefs to repair the file placement within the storage pool.
Files assigned to one storage pool, but with data in a different pool, will have their data migrated
to the correct pool. Such files are referred to as ill-placed. Utilities, such as the mmchattr
command, may change a file's storage pool assignment, but not move the data. The mmrestripefs
command may then be invoked to migrate all of the data at once, rather than migrating each file
individually. Note that the rebalance operation, specified by the -b option, also performs data
placement on all files, whereas the placement option, specified by -p, rebalances only the files
that it moves.
-r Migrates all data off suspended disks. It also restores all replicated files in the file system to their
designated degree of replication when a previous disk failure or removal of a disk has made
some replica data inaccessible. Use this parameter either immediately after a disk failure to
protect replicated data against a subsequent failure, or before taking a disk offline for
maintenance to protect replicated data against failure of another disk during the maintenance
process.
-R Changes the replication settings of each file, directory, and system metadata object so that they
match the default file system settings (see the “mmchfs Command” on page 121 -m and -r
options) as long as the maximum (-M and -R) settings for the object allow it. Next, it replicates or
unreplicates the object as needed to match the new settings. This option can be used to replicate
all of the existing files that had not been previously replicated or to unreplicate the files if
replication is no longer needed or wanted.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmrestripefs command.

Examples
1. To move all critical data from any suspended disk in file system fs1, issue this command:
mmrestripefs fs1 -m

The system displays information similar to:

296 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

GPFS: 6027-565 Scanning user file metadata ...
8.00 % complete on Tue Feb 24 16:56:55 2009 ( 708608 inodes 346 MB)
100.00 % complete on Tue Feb 24 16:56:56 2009
GPFS: 6027-552 Scan completed successfully.
2. To rebalance all files in file system fs1 across all defined, accessible disks that are not stopped or
suspended, issue this command:
mmrestripefs fs1 -b

The system displays information similar to:

GPFS: 6027-589 Scanning file system metadata, phase 1 ...
GPFS: 6027-552 Scan completed successfully.
GPFS: 6027-589 Scanning file system metadata, phase 2 ...
GPFS: 6027-552 Scan completed successfully.
GPFS: 6027-589 Scanning file system metadata, phase 3 ...
GPFS: 6027-552 Scan completed successfully.
GPFS: 6027-589 Scanning file system metadata, phase 4 ...
GPFS: 6027-552 Scan completed successfully.
GPFS: 6027-565 Scanning user file metadata ...
3.00 % complete on Tue Feb 24 16:56:39 2009 ( 180224 inodes 161 MB)
100.00 % complete on Tue Feb 24 16:56:44 2009
GPFS: 6027-552 Scan completed successfully.

See also

“mmadddisk Command” on page 73

“mmapplypolicy Command” on page 80

“mmchattr Command” on page 96

“mmchdisk Command” on page 112

“mmchfs Command” on page 121

“mmdeldisk Command” on page 173

“mmrpldisk Command” on page 298

“mmrestripefile Command” on page 292

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 297

mmrpldisk Command
Replaces the specified disk.

Synopsis

mmrpldisk Device DiskName {DiskDesc | -F DescFile} [-v {yes | no}] [-N {Node[,Node...] | NodeFile |
NodeClass}]

Description

Use the mmrpldisk command to replace an existing disk in the GPFS file system with a new one. All
data on the old disk is migrated to the new disk.

To replace a disk in a GPFS file system, you must first decide if you will:
1. Create a new disk using the mmcrnsd command.
In this case, use the rewritten disk descriptor file produced by the mmcrnsd command or create a
new disk descriptor. When using the rewritten file, the Disk Usage and Failure Group specifications
remain the same as specified on the mmcrnsd command.
2. Select a disk no longer in any file system. Issue the mmlsnsd -F command to display the available
disks.

The disk may then be used to replace a disk in the file system using the mmrpldisk command.

Notes:
1. You cannot replace a disk when it is the only remaining disk in the file system.
2. Under no circumstances should you replace a stopped disk. You need to start a stopped disk before
replacing it. If a disk cannot be started, delete it using the mmdeldisk command. See the General
Parallel File System: Problem Determination Guide and search for Disk media failure.
3. The file system may be mounted when running the mmrpldisk command.

Results

Upon successful completion of the mmrpldisk command, the disk is replaced in the file system and data
is copied to the new disk without restriping.

Parameters
Device The device name of the file system where the disk is to be replaced. File system names need not
be fully-qualified. fs0 is as acceptable as /dev/fs0.
This must be the first parameter.
Disk Name
The name of the disk to be replaced, which was previously passed to the mmcrfs, mmadddisk,
or mmrpldisk commands. You can display the entire list of disk names by issuing the mmlsdisk
command.
DiskDesc
A descriptor for the replacement disk.
-F DescFile
Specifies a file containing the disk descriptor for the replacement disk.
The disk descriptor must be specified in the form (second, third, and sixth fields reserved):
DiskName:::DiskUsage:FailureGroup:::
DiskName

298 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

You must specify the name of the NSD previously created by the mmcrnsd command.
For a list of available disks, issue the mmlsnsd -F command.
Disk Usage
Specify a disk usage or inherit the disk usage of the disk being replaced:
dataAndMetadata
Indicates that the disk contains both data and metadata.
dataOnly
Indicates that the disk contains data and does not contain metadata.
metadataOnly
Indicates that the disk contains metadata and does not contain data.
descOnly
Indicates that the disk contains no data and no file metadata. Such a disk is used
solely to keep a copy of the file system descriptor, and can be used as a third
failure group in certain disaster recovery configurations. For more information,
see General Parallel File System: Advanced Administration and search on Synchronous
mirroring utilizing GPFS replication.
Failure Group
A number identifying the failure group to which this disk belongs. You can specify any
value from -1 (where -1 indicates that the disk has no point of failure in common with
any other disk) to 4000. If you do not specify a failure group, the new disk inherits the
failure group of the disk being replaced.

Note: While it is not absolutely necessary to specify the same disk descriptor parameters for the
new disk as the old disk, it is suggested you do so. If the new disk is equivalent in size as the
old disk, and if the DiskUsage and FailureGroup parameters are the same, the data and metadata
can be completely migrated from the old disk to the new disk. A disk replacement in this manner
allows the file system to maintain its current data and metadata balance.

If the new disk has a different size, DiskUsage parameter, or FailureGroup parameter, the operation
may leave the file system unbalanced and require a restripe. Additionally, a change in size or the
DiskUsage parameter may cause the operation to fail since other disks in the file system may not
have sufficient space to absorb more data or metadata. In this case, first use the mmadddisk
command to add the new disk, the mmdeldisk command to delete the old disk, and finally the
mmrestripefs command to rebalance the file system.
-N {Node[,Node...] | NodeFile | NodeClass}
Specify the nodes that participate in the migration of data from the old to the new disk. This
| command supports all defined node classes. The default is all or the current value of the
| defaultHelperNodes parameter of the mmchconfig command.
For general information on how to specify node names, see “Specifying nodes as input to GPFS
commands” on page 3.

Options
-v {yes | no}
Verify the new disk does not belong to an existing file system. The default is -v yes. Specify -v no
only when you want to reuse a disk that is no longer needed for an existing file system. If the
command is interrupted for any reason, use the -v no option on the next invocation of the
command.

Important: Using -v no on a disk that already belongs to a file system will corrupt that file
system. This will not be noticed until the next time that file system is mounted.

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 299

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmrpldisk command.

Examples

To replace disk hd27n01 in fs1 with a new disk, hd16vsdn10 allowing the disk usage and failure group
parameters to default to the corresponding values of hd27n01, and have only nodes c154n01, c154n02,
and c154n09 participate in the migration of the data, issue this command:
mmrpldisk fs1 hd27n01 hd16vsdn10 -N c154n01,c154n02,c154n09

The system displays information similar to:

Replacing hd27n01 ...

The following disks of fs1 will be formatted on node c155n01.ppd.pok.ibm.com:

hd16vsdn10: size 17793024 KB
Extending Allocation Map
Checking Allocation Map for storage pool ’system’
7 % complete on Wed May 16 16:36:30 2007
18 % complete on Wed May 16 16:36:35 2007
34 % complete on Wed May 16 16:36:40 2007
49 % complete on Wed May 16 16:36:45 2007
65 % complete on Wed May 16 16:36:50 2007
82 % complete on Wed May 16 16:36:55 2007
98 % complete on Wed May 16 16:37:00 2007
100 % complete on Wed May 16 16:37:01 2007
Completed adding disks to file system fs1.
Scanning system storage pool
Scanning file system metadata, phase 1 ...
2 % complete on Wed May 16 16:37:04 2007
7 % complete on Wed May 16 16:37:11 2007
14 % complete on Wed May 16 16:37:18 2007
20 % complete on Wed May 16 16:37:24 2007
27 % complete on Wed May 16 16:37:31 2007
34 % complete on Wed May 16 16:37:37 2007
50 % complete on Wed May 16 16:37:50 2007
61 % complete on Wed May 16 16:38:00 2007
68 % complete on Wed May 16 16:38:06 2007
79 % complete on Wed May 16 16:38:16 2007
90 % complete on Wed May 16 16:38:26 2007
100 % complete on Wed May 16 16:38:32 2007
Scan completed successfully.
Scanning file system metadata, phase 2 ...
Scanning file system metadata for fs1sp1 storage pool
Scan completed successfully.
Scanning file system metadata, phase 3 ...
Scan completed successfully.
Scanning file system metadata, phase 4 ...
Scan completed successfully.
Scanning user file metadata ...
3 % complete on Wed May 16 16:38:38 2007
25 % complete on Wed May 16 16:38:47 2007

300 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

53 % complete on Wed May 16 16:38:53 2007
87 % complete on Wed May 16 16:38:59 2007
97 % complete on Wed May 16 16:39:06 2007
100 % complete on Wed May 16 16:39:07 2007
Scan completed successfully.
Done
mmrpldisk: Propagating the cluster configuration data to all
affected nodes. This is an asynchronous process.

See also

“mmadddisk Command” on page 73

“mmchdisk Command” on page 112

“mmcrnsd Command” on page 151

“mmlsdisk Command” on page 232

“mmlsnsd Command” on page 248

“mmrestripefs Command” on page 295

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 301

mmshutdown Command
Unmounts all GPFS file systems and stops GPFS on one or more nodes.

Synopsis

mmshutdown [-t UnmountTimeout ] [-a | -N {Node[,Node...] | NodeFile | NodeClass}]

Description

Use the mmshutdown command to stop the GPFS daemons on one or more nodes. If no operand is
specified, GPFS is stopped only on the node from which the command was issued.

The mmshutdown command first attempts to unmount all GPFS file systems. If the unmount does not
complete within the specified timeout period, the GPFS daemons shut down anyway.

Results

Upon successful completion of the mmshutdown command, these tasks are completed:
v GPFS file systems are unmounted.
v GPFS daemons are stopped.

Parameters
-a Stop GPFS on all nodes in a GPFS cluster.
-N {Node[,Node...] | NodeFile | NodeClass}
Directs the mmshutdown command to process a set of nodes. For general information on how to
specify node names, see “Specifying nodes as input to GPFS commands” on page 3.
This command does not support a NodeClass of mount.

Options
-t UnmountTimeout
The maximum amount of time, in seconds, that the unmount command is given to complete. The
default timeout period is equal to:
60 + 3 × number of nodes
If the unmount does not complete within the specified amount of time, the command times out
and the GPFS daemons shut down.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmshutdown command.

302 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Examples
1. To stop GPFS on all nodes in the GPFS cluster, issue this command:
mmshutdown -a

The system displays information similar to:

Thu Aug 12 13:10:40 EDT 2004: 6027-1341 mmshutdown: Starting
force unmount of GPFS file systems.
k164n05.kgn.com: forced unmount of /fs1
k164n04.kgn.ibm.com: forced unmount of /fs1
k164n06.kgn.ibm.com: forced unmount of /fs1
Thu Aug 12 13:10:45 EDT 2004: 6027-1344 mmshutdown: Shutting
down GPFS daemons
k164n04.kgn.ibm.com: Shutting down!
k164n06.kgn.ibm.com: Shutting down!
k164n05.kgn.ibm.com: Shutting down!
k164n04.kgn.ibm.com: ’shutdown’ command about to kill process
49682
k164n05.kgn.ibm.com: ’shutdown’ command about to kill process
28194
k164n06.kgn.ibm.com: ’shutdown’ command about to kill process

Thu Aug 12 13:10:54 EDT 2004: 6027-1345 mmshutdown: Finished

2. To stop GPFS on only node k164n04, issue this command:
mmshutdown -N k164n04

The system displays information similar to:

mmshutdown -N k164n04
Thu Aug 12 13:12:06 EDT 2004: 6027-1341 mmshutdown: Starting
force unmount of GPFS file systems
k164n04: forced unmount of /fs1
Thu Aug 12 13:12:11 EDT 2004: 6027-1344 mmshutdown: Shutting
down GPFS daemons
k164n04: Shutting down!
k164n04: ’shutdown’ command about to kill process 65036
Thu Aug 12 13:12:20 EDT 2004: 6027-1345 mmshutdown: Finished

See also

“mmgetstate Command” on page 216

“mmlscluster Command” on page 228

“mmstartup Command” on page 307

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 303

mmsnapdir Command
Creates and deletes invisible directories that connect to the snapshots of a GPFS file system, and changes
the name of the snapshots subdirectory

Synopsis

mmsnapdir Device {[-r | -a] [-s SnapDirName]}

Or,

mmsnapdir Device [-q]

Description

Use the mmsnapdir command to create or delete invisible directories that connect to the snapshots of a
GPFS file system, and change the name of the snapshots subdirectory.

Snapshots appear in a subdirectory in the root directory of the file system. If you prefer to access the
snapshots from each file system directory rather than traversing through the root directory, you can create
an invisible directory to make the connection by issuing the mmsnapdir command with the -a flag (see
Example 1 on page 305). The -a flag of the mmsnapdir command creates an invisible directory in each
normal directory in the active file system (they do not appear in directories in snapshots) that contains a
subdirectory for each existing snapshot of the file system. These subdirectories correspond to the copy of
that directory in the snapshot with the same name. For example if you enter, ls -a /fs1/userA it does not
show .snapshots , but if you enter ls /fs1/userA/.snapshots and cd /fs1/userA/.snapshots, it does show
.snapshots.

If the mmsnapdir command is issued while another snapshot command is running, the mmsnapdir
command waits for that command to complete.

For more information about GPFS snapshots, see Creating and maintaining snapshots of GPFS file systems in
General Parallel File System: Advanced Administration Guide.

Parameters
Device The device name of the file system. File system names need not be fully-qualified. fs0 is just as
acceptable as /dev/fs0.
This must be the first parameter.

Options
-a Adds a snapshots subdirectory to all subdirectories in the file system.
-q Displays current settings, if issued without any other flags.
-r Reverses the effect of the -a option. All invisible snapshot directories are removed. The snapshot
directory under the file system root directory is not affected.
-s SnapDirName
Changes the name of the snapshots subdirectory to SnapDirName. This affects both the directory
in the file system root as well as the invisible directory in the other file system directories if the
mmsnapdir -a command has been issued.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.

304 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must be a root user to use the -a, -r , and -s options.

If you are a non-root user, you may only specify file systems that belong to the same cluster as the node
on which the mmsnapdir command was issued.

Examples
1. To rename the .snapshots directory (the default snapshots directory name) to .link for file system fs1,
issue the command:
mmsnapdir fs1 -s .link
After the command has been issued, the directory structure would appear similar to:
/fs1/file1
/fs1/userA/file2
/fs1/userA/file3

/fs1/.link/snap1/file1
/fs1/.link/snap1/userA/file2
/fs1/.link/snap1/userA/file3
2. Issuing:
mmsnapdir fs1 -a

After the command has been issued, the directory structure would appear similar to:
/fs1/file1
/fs1/userA/file2
/fs1/userA/file3
/fs1/userA/.link/snap1/file2
/fs1/userA/.link/snap1/file3

/fs1/.link/snap1/file1
/fs1/.link/snap1/userA/file2
/fs1/.link/snap1/userA/file3
The .link subdirectory under the root directory and under each subdirectory of the tree provides two
different paths to each snapshot copy of a file. For example, /fs1/userA/.link/snap1/file2 and
/fs1/.link/snap1/userA/file2 are two different paths that access the same snapshot copy of
/fs1/userA/file2.
3. Issuing:
mmsnapdir fs1 -r

After the command has been issued, the directory structure would appear similar to:
/fs1/file1
/fs1/userA/file2
/fs1/userA/file3

/fs1/.link/snap1/file1
/fs1/.link/snap1/userA/file2
/fs1/.link/snap1/userA/file3
4. Issuing:
mmsnapdir fs1 -q

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 305

The output is similar to this:
Snapshot directory for "fs1" is ".link" (root directory only)

See also

“mmcrsnapshot Command” on page 156

“mmdelsnapshot Command” on page 187

“mmlssnapshot Command” on page 256

“mmrestorefs Command” on page 289

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

306 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

mmstartup Command
Starts the GPFS subsystem on one or more nodes.

Synopsis

mmstartup [-a | -N {Node[,Node...] | NodeFile | NodeClass}] [-E EnvVar=value ...]

Description

Use the mmstartup command to start the GPFS daemons on one or more nodes. If no operand is
specified, GPFS is started only on the node from which the command was issued.

Parameters
-a Start GPFS on all nodes in a GPFS cluster.
-N {Node[,Node...] | NodeFile | NodeClass}
Directs the mmstartup command to process a set of nodes. For general information on how to
specify node names, see “Specifying nodes as input to GPFS commands” on page 3.
This command does not support a NodeClass of mount.

Options
-E EnvVar=value
Specifies the name and value of an environment variable to be passed to the GPFS daemon. You
can specify multiple -E options.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmstartup command.

Examples

To start GPFS on all nodes in the GPFS cluster, issue this command:
mmstartup -a

The system displays information similar to:

Thu Aug 12 13:22:40 EDT 2004: 6027-1642 mmstartup: Starting GPFS ...

See also

“mmgetstate Command” on page 216

“mmlscluster Command” on page 228

“mmshutdown Command” on page 302

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 307
Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

308 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

mmtracectl Command
Sets up and enables GPFS tracing.

Synopsis

mmtracectl {--start | --stop | --off | --set} [--trace={io | all | def | "Class Level [Class Level ...]"]
[--trace-recycle={off | local | global | globalOnShutdown}] [--aix-trace-buffer-size=BufferSize]
[--tracedev-buffer-size=BufferSize] [--tracedev-compression-level=Level] [--tracedev-overwrite-buffer-
size=BufferSize] [--tracedev-write-mode={blocking | overwrite}] [--trace-file-size=FileSize]
[--trace-dispatch={yes | no}] [-N {Node [,Node...] | NodeFile | NodeClass}]

Description

Attention: Use this command only under the direction of your IBM service representative.

Use the mmtracectl command to perform the following functions:

v Start or stop tracing.
v Turn tracing on (start or set trace recycle) or off on the next session. This is a persistent setting to
automatically start trace each time GPFS starts.
v Allow for predefined trace levels: io, all, and def, as well as user-specified trace levels.
v Allow for changing the size of trace buffer sizes for AIX and all others using the tracedev option.
v Trace recycle functions, which allow for never cycling traces (off option), cycling traces on all nodes
when GPFS ends abnormally (global option), and cycling traces any time GPFS goes down on all
nodes (globalOnShutdown option).
v For Linux nodes only, this command allows you to change:
– The trace writing mode
– The raw data compression level

| Note: Tracing on Windows requires support programs provided by Microsoft®. For details about this
| prerequisite, see the section about configuring Windows and installing tracing support programs in the
| GPFS: Concepts, Planning, and Installation Guide.

Results

GPFS tracing can be started, stopped, or related configuration options can be set.

Parameters
--start | --stop | --off | --set
Specifies the actions that the mmtracectl command performs, where:
start Starts the trace.
stop Stops the trace.
off Clears all of the setting variables and stops the trace.
set Sets the trace variables.
--trace={io | all | def | "Class Level [Class Level ...}"]
Allows for predefined and user-specified trace levels, where:
io Indicates trace-level settings tailored for input and output (I/O).
all Sets trace levels to their highest setting (9).
def Indicates that the default trace settings will be used.

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 309

"Class Level [Class Level ...}"]
Specifies a trace class and level.
--trace-recycle={off | local | global | globalOnShutdown}
Controls trace recycling during daemon termination. The following values are recognized:
off Does not recycle traces. This is the default.
local Recycles traces on the local node when mmfsd goes down abnormally.
global Recycles traces on all nodes in the cluster when an abnormal daemon shutdown occurs.
globalOnShutdown
Recycles traces on all nodes in the cluster for normal and abnormal daemon shutdowns.
-N {Node[,Node...] | NodeFile | NodeClass }
Specifies the nodes that will participate in the tracing of the file system. This option supports all
defined node classes (with the exception of mount). The default value is all.
For general information on how to specify node names, see “Specifying nodes as input to GPFS
commands” on page 3.

Options
--aix-trace-buffer-size=BufferSize
Controls the size of the trace buffer in memory for AIX.
--tracedev-buffer-size=BufferSize
Specifies the trace buffer size for Linux trace in blocking mode. If --tracedev-write-mode is set to
blocking, this parameter will be used. It should be no less than 4K and no more than 64M. The
default is 4M.

Note: This option applies only to Linux nodes.

--tracedev-compression-level=Level
Specifies the trace raw data compression level. Valid values are 0 to 9. A value of zero indicates
no compression. A value of 9 provides the highest compression ratio, but at a lower speed. The
default is 6.

Note: This option applies only to Linux nodes.

--tracedev-overwrite-buffer-size=BufferSize
Specifies the trace buffer size for Linux trace in overwrite mode. If --tracedev-write-mode is set to
overwrite, this parameter will be used. It should be no less than 16M. The default is 64M.

Note: This option applies only to Linux nodes.

--tracedev-write-mode={blocking | overwrite}
Specifies when to overwrite the old data, where:
blocking
Specifies that if the trace buffer is full, wait until the trace data is written to the local disk
and the buffer becomes available again to overwrite the old data. This is the default.
overwrite
Specifies that if the trace buffer is full, overwrite the old data.

Note: This option applies only to Linux nodes.

--trace-file-size=FileSize
Controls the size of the trace file. The default is 128M on Linux and 64M on other platforms.
--trace-dispatch
Enables AIX thread dispatching trace hooks.

310 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmtracectl command.

Examples

To set trace levels to the defined group of def and have traces start on all nodes when GPFS comes up,
issue this command:
mmtracectl --set --trace=def --trace-recycle=global

The system displays output similar to:

mmchconfig: Command successfully completed
mmchconfig: Propagating the cluster configuration data to all
affected nodes. This is an asynchronous process.

To confirm the change, issue this command:

mmlsconfig|grep trace

The system displays output similar to:

trace all 4 tm 2 thread 1 mutex 1 vnode 2 ksvfs 3 klockl 2 io 3 pgalloc 1 mb 1 lock 2 fsck 3
traceRecycle global

To manually start traces on all nodes, issue this command:

mmtracectl --start

See also

“mmchconfig Command” on page 102

mmtrace shell script

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 311

mmumount Command
Unmounts GPFS file systems on one or more nodes in the cluster.

Synopsis

mmumount {Device | MountPoint | DriveLetter | all | all_local | all_remote} [-f ] [-a | -N {Node[,Node...]
| NodeFile | NodeClass}]

Or,

mmumount Device -f -C {all_remote | ClusterName} [-N Node[,Node...]]

Description

Another name for the mmumount command is the mmunmount command. Either name can be used.

The mmumount command unmounts a previously mounted GPFS file system on one or more nodes in
the cluster. If no nodes are specified, the file systems are unmounted only on the node from which the
command was issued. The file system can be specified using its device name or the mount point where it
is currently mounted.

Use the first form of the command to unmount file systems on nodes that belong to the local cluster.

Use the second form of the command with the -C option when it is necessary to force an unmount of file
systems that are owned by the local cluster, but are mounted on nodes that belong to another cluster.

When a file system is unmounted by force with the second form of the mmumount command, the
affected nodes may still show the file system as mounted, but the data will not be accessible. It is the
responsibility of the system administrator to clear the mount state by issuing the umount command.

When multiple nodes are affected and the unmount target is identified via a mount point or a Windows
drive letter, the mount point is resolved on each of the target nodes. Depending on how the file systems
were mounted, this may result in different file systems being unmounted on different nodes. When in
doubt, always identify the target file system with its device name.

Parameters
Device | MountPoint | DriveLetter | all | all_local | all_remote
Indicates the file system or file systems to be unmounted.
Device Is the device name of the file system to be unmounted. File system names do not need to
be fully qualified. fs0 is as acceptable as /dev/fs0.
MountPoint
Is the location where the GPFS file system to be unmounted is currently mounted.
DriveLetter
Identifies a file system by its Windows drive letter.
all Indicates all file systems that are known to this cluster.
all_local
Indicates all file systems that are owned by this cluster.
all_remote
Indicates all files systems that are owned by another cluster to which this cluster has
access.
This must be the first parameter.

312 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Options
-a Unmounts the file system on all nodes in the GPFS cluster.
-f Forces the unmount to take place even though the file system may be still in use.
Use this flag with extreme caution. Using this flag may cause outstanding write operations to be
lost. Because of this, forcing an unmount can cause data integrity failures and should be used
with caution.
The mmumount command relies on the native umount command to carry out the unmount
operation. The semantics of forced unmount are platform-specific. On some platforms (such as
Linux), even when forced unmount is requested, a file system cannot be unmounted if it is still
referenced by the system kernel. Examples of such cases are:
v Open files are present in the file system
v A process uses a subdirectory in the file system as the current working directory
v The file system is NFS-exported
To unmount a file system successfully in such a case, it may be necessary to identify and stop the
processes that are referencing the file system. System utilities like lsof and fuser could be used
for this purpose.
-C {all_remote | ClusterName}
Specifies the cluster on which the file system is to be unmounted by force. all_remote denotes all
clusters other than the one from which the command was issued.
-N {Node[,Node...] | NodeFile | NodeClass}
Specifies the nodes on which the file system is to be unmounted. For general information on how
to specify node names, see “Specifying nodes as input to GPFS commands” on page 3.
This command does not support a NodeClass of mount.
When the -N option is specified in conjunction with -C ClusterName, the specified node names are
assumed to refer to nodes that belong to the specified remote cluster (as identified by the
mmlsmount command). The mmumount command cannot verify the accuracy of this
information. NodeClass and NodeFile are not supported in conjunction with the -C option.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmumount command.

Examples
1. To unmount file system fs1 on all nodes in the cluster, issue this command:
mmumount fs1 -a

The system displays output similar to:

Fri Feb 10 15:51:25 EST 2006: mmumount: Unmounting file systems ...
2. To force unmount file system fs2 on the local node, issue this command:
mmumount fs2 -f

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 313

The system displays output similar to:
Fri Feb 10 15:52:20 EST 2006: mmumount: Unmounting file systems ...
forced unmount of /fs2

See also

“mmmount Command” on page 260

“mmlsmount Command” on page 246

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

314 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

mmunlinkfileset Command
Removes the junction to the a GPFS fileset.

Synopsis

mmunlinkfileset Device {FilesetName | -J JunctionPath} [-f]

Description

The mmunlinkfileset command removes the junction to the fileset. The junction can be specified by path
or by naming the fileset that is its target. The unlink fails if there are files open in the fileset, unless the -f
flag is specified. The root fileset may not be unlinked.

For information on GPFS filesets, see the GPFS: Advanced Administration Guide.

Options
-f Forces the unlink to take place even though there may be open files. This option forcibly closes
any open files, causing an errno of ESTALE on their next use of the file.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must have root authority to run the mmunlinkfileset command.

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 315

Examples
1. This command indicates the current configuration of filesets for file system gpfs1:
mmlsfileset gpfs1

The system displays output similar to:

Filesets in file system ’gpfs1’:
Name Status Path
root Linked /gpfs1
fset1 Linked /gpfs1/fset
This command unlinks fileset fset1 from file system gpfs1:
mmunlinkfileset gpfs1 fset1

The system displays output similar to:

Fileset ’fset1’ unlinked.
To confirm the change, issue this command:
mmlsfileset gpfs1

The system displays output similar to:

Filesets in file system ’gpfs1’:
Name Status Path
root Linked /gpfs1
fset1 Unlinked --
2. This command indicates the current configuration of filesets for file system gpfs1:
mmlsfileset gpfs1

The system displays output similar to:

Filesets in file system ’gpfs1’:
Name Status Path
root Linked /gpfs1
fset1 Linked /gpfs1/fset1
This command unlinks junction path /gpfs1/fset1 from file system gpfs1:
mmunlinkfileset gpfs1 -J /gpfs1/fset1

The system displays output similar to:

Fileset ’fset1’ unlinked.
To confirm the change, issue this command:
mmlsfileset gpfs1

The system displays output similar to:

Filesets in file system ’gpfs1’:
Name Status Path
root Linked /gpfs1
fset1 Unlinked --

See also

“mmchfileset Command” on page 119

“mmcrfileset Command” on page 142

“mmdelfileset Command” on page 177

“mmlinkfileset Command” on page 222

316 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

“mmlsfileset Command” on page 235

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 317

mmwinservctl Command
Manages the mmwinserv Windows service.

Synopsis

mmwinservctl set [--account AccountName [--password Password]] [--remote-shell {yes | no}] [-N
{Node[,Node...] | NodeFile | NodeClass}] [-v]

Or,

mmwinservctl {enable | disable | query } [-N {Node[,Node...] | NodeFile | NodeClass}] [-v]

Description

mmwinserv is a GPFS for Windows service that is needed for the proper functioning of the GPFS
daemon on nodes running Windows. Optionally, the service can be configured to provide a remote
execution facility for GPFS administration commands.

Use the mmwinservctl command to manage the mmwinserv service. You can set the log on account and
password for the service, enable or disable the service, enable or disable the service's remote execution
facility, or query its current state.

The mmwinservctl command must be run on a Windows node and it has no effect on nodes running
other operating systems.

If the remote execution facility of mmwinserv is enabled, a Windows GPFS cluster can be configured to
use mmwinrsh and mmwinrcp as the remote shell and remote file copy commands:
v mmwinrsh (/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin/mmwinrsh) uses Windows Named Pipes to pass the command to the
target node.
v mmwinrcp (/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin/mmwinrcp) is a wrapper module that invokes the SUA cp command to
copy the files that are needed by the mm commands. The path names on remote hosts are translated
into path names based on the standard Windows ADMIN$ share.

An account must be given the right to log on as a service before it can be used to run mmwinserv. The
right to log on as a service is controlled by the Local Security Policy of each Windows node. You can use
the Domain Group Policy to set the Local Security Policy on all Windows nodes in a GPFS cluster.

For more information on the mmwinserv service, see the topic Configuring the GPFS Administration service
in the GPFS: Concepts, Planning, and Installation Guide.

Parameters
set Sets the service configuration options and restarts the service if it is running.
enable
Sets the service to automatic startup and starts the service.
disable
| Sets the service to disabled and stops the service.
| query Returns information about the service's configuration and current state.
--account AccountName
| Specifies the log on account name for the mmwinserv service. By default, mmwinserv is
| configured to run using the LocalSystem account.

318 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

--password Password
Specifies the log on password for the mmwinserv service.
--remote-shell {yes | no}
Specifies whether or not remote connections are allowed.
-N {Node[,Node...] | NodeFile | NodeClass}
Specifies the list of nodes on which to perform the action. The default is the node on which the
mmwinservctl command is issued.
If the node on which the mmwinservctl command is issued belongs to a GPFS cluster, the nodes
specified with the -N parameter must belong to the cluster.
If the node on which the mmwinservctl command is issued does not belong to a GPFS cluster,
the nodes specified with the -N parameter must be identified by their host names or IP addresses.
Node classes and node numbers cannot be used.
For general information on how to specify node names, see “Specifying nodes as input to GPFS
commands” on page 3.

Options
-v Displays progress and intermediate error messages.

Exit status
0 Successful completion.
nonzero
A failure has occurred.

Security

You must be a member of the Domain Admins group to run the mmwinservctl command.

Examples
1. To specify gpfs\root as the log on account name for the mmwinserv service and enable the remote
command execution facility on nodes ls21n19 and ls21n20, issue:
mmwinservctl set -N ls21n19,ls21n20 --account gpfs/root -password abcdefg –remote-shell yes
The system displays information similar to:
Node name Service state Remote shell Account name
----------------------------------------------------------
ls21n19 START_PENDING yes gpfs\root
ls21n20 START_PENDING yes gpfs\root
2. To display the current state of the mmwinserv service on all nodes in the cluster, issue:
mmwinservctl query -N all

The system displays information similar to:

Node name Service state Remote shell Account name
----------------------------------------------------------
ls21n19 RUNNING yes gpfs\root
ls21n20 RUNNING yes gpfs\root
ls21n14 RUNNING yes LocalSystem

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/bin

Chapter 8. GPFS commands 319

320 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference
Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces
A list of all the GPFS programming interfaces and a short description of each is presented in this topic.

The GPFS APIs are not supported on Windows.

Table 8 summarizes the GPFS programming interfaces.

Table 8. GPFS programming interfaces
Interface Purpose
“gpfs_acl_t Structure” on page 324 Contains buffer mapping for the gpfs_getacl() and
gpfs_putacl() subroutines.
“gpfs_close_inodescan() Subroutine” on page 325 Closes an inode scan.
“gpfs_cmp_fssnapid() Subroutine” on page 326 Compares two file system snapshot IDs.
“gpfs_direntx_t Structure” on page 328 Contains attributes of a GPFS directory entry.
“gpfs_direntx64_t Structure” on page 329 Contains attributes of a GPFS directory entry.
“gpfs_fcntl() Subroutine” on page 330 Performs operations on an open file.
“gpfs_fgetattrs() Subroutine” on page 333 Retrieves all extended file attributes in opaque format.
“gpfs_fputattrs() Subroutine” on page 335 Sets all of the extended file attributes for a file.
“gpfs_fputattrswithpathname() Subroutine” on Sets all of the extended file attributes for a file and invokes the
page 337 policy engine for RESTORE rules.
“gpfs_free_fssnaphandle() Subroutine” on page 339 Frees a file system snapshot handle.
“gpfs_fssnap_handle_t Structure” on page 340 Contains a handle for a GPFS file system or snapshot.
“gpfs_fssnap_id_t Structure” on page 341 Contains a permanent identifier for a GPFS file system or
snapshot.
“gpfs_fstat() Subroutine” on page 342 Returns exact file status for a GPFS file.
“gpfs_get_fsname_from_fssnaphandle() Subroutine” Obtains a file system name from its snapshot handle.
on page 344
“gpfs_get_fssnaphandle_by_fssnapid() Subroutine” Obtains a file system snapshot handle using its snapshot ID.
on page 345
“gpfs_get_fssnaphandle_by_name() Subroutine” on Obtains a file system snapshot handle using its name.
page 346
“gpfs_get_fssnaphandle_by_path() Subroutine” on Obtains a file system snapshot handle using its path name.
page 348
“gpfs_get_fssnapid_from_fssnaphandle() Obtains a file system snapshot ID using its snapshot handle.
Subroutine” on page 350
“gpfs_get_pathname_from_fssnaphandle() Obtains a file system path name using its snapshot handle.
Subroutine” on page 352
“gpfs_get_snapdirname() Subroutine” on page 353 Obtains the name of the directory containing snapshots.
“gpfs_get_snapname_from_fssnaphandle() Obtains a snapshot name using its file system snapshot handle.
Subroutine” on page 355
“gpfs_getacl() Subroutine” on page 356 Retrieves the access control information for a GPFS file.
“gpfs_iattr_t Structure” on page 358 Contains attributes of a GPFS inode.
“gpfs_iattr64_t Structure” on page 361 Contains attributes of a GPFS inode.
“gpfs_iclose() Subroutine” on page 365 Closes a file given its inode file handle.

© Copyright IBM Corporation © IBM 1998, 2010 321

Table 8. GPFS programming interfaces (continued)
Interface Purpose
“gpfs_ifile_t Structure” on page 366 Contains a handle for a GPFS inode.
“gpfs_igetattrs() Subroutine” on page 367 Obtains extended file attributes.
| “gpfs_igetattrsx() Subroutine” on page 369 Retrieves extended file attributes including a flags parameter
that allows the caller to back up and restore DMAPI attributes.
“gpfs_igetfilesetname() Subroutine” on page 371 Returns the name of the fileset defined by a fileset ID.
“gpfs_igetstoragepool() Subroutine” on page 373 Returns the name of the storage pool for the given storage
pool ID.
“gpfs_iopen() Subroutine” on page 375 Opens a file or directory by its inode number.
“gpfs_iopen64() Subroutine” on page 377 Opens a file or directory by its inode number.
| “gpfs_iputattrsx() Subroutine” on page 379 Sets the extended file attributes for a file.
“gpfs_iread() Subroutine” on page 381 Reads a file opened by gpfs_iopen().
“gpfs_ireaddir() Subroutine” on page 383 Reads the next directory entry.
“gpfs_ireaddir64() Subroutine” on page 385 Reads the next directory entry.
“gpfs_ireadlink() Subroutine” on page 387 Reads a symbolic link.
“gpfs_ireadlink64() Subroutine” on page 389 Reads a symbolic link by inode number.
“gpfs_ireadx() Subroutine” on page 391 Performs block level incremental read of a file within an
incremental inode scan.
“gpfs_iscan_t Structure” on page 393 Contains mapping of the inode scan structure.
“gpfs_next_inode() Subroutine” on page 394 Retrieves the next inode from the inode scan.
“gpfs_next_inode64() Subroutine” on page 396 Retrieves the next inode from the inode scan.
“gpfs_next_inode_with_xattrs() Subroutine” on Retrieves the next inode and its extended attributes from the
page 398 inode scan.
“gpfs_next_inode_with_xattrs64() Subroutine” on Retrieves the next inode and its extended attributes from the
page 400 inode scan.
“gpfs_next_xattr() Subroutine” on page 402 Returns individual attributes and their values.
“gpfs_opaque_acl_t Structure” on page 404 Contains buffer mapping for the gpfs_getacl() and
gpfs_putacl() subroutines.
“gpfs_open_inodescan() Subroutine” on page 405 Opens an inode scan over a file system or snapshot.
“gpfs_open_inodescan64() Subroutine” on page 408 Opens an inode scan of a file system or snapshot.
“gpfs_open_inodescan_with_xattrs() Subroutine” on Opens an inode file and extended attributes for an inode scan.
page 411
“gpfs_open_inodescan_with_xattrs64() Subroutine” Opens an inode file and extended attributes for an inode scan.
on page 414
“gpfs_prealloc() Subroutine” on page 417 Pre-allocates disk storage for a GPFS file.
“gpfs_putacl() Subroutine” on page 419 Sets the access control information for a GPFS file.
“gpfs_quotactl() Subroutine” on page 421 Manipulates disk quotas on file systems.
“gpfs_quotaInfo_t Structure” on page 424 Contains buffer mapping for the gpfs_quotactl() subroutine.
“gpfs_seek_inode() Subroutine” on page 426 Advances an inode scan to the specified inode number.
“gpfs_seek_inode64() Subroutine” on page 428 Advances an inode scan to the specified inode number.
“gpfs_stat() Subroutine” on page 430 Returns exact file status for a GPFS file.
“gpfs_stat_inode() Subroutine” on page 432 Seeks the specified inode and retrieves that inode and its
extended attributes from the inode scan.

322 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Table 8. GPFS programming interfaces (continued)
Interface Purpose
“gpfs_stat_inode64() Subroutine” on page 434 Seeks the specified inode and retrieves that inode and its
extended attributes from the inode scan.
“gpfs_stat_inode_with_xattrs() Subroutine” on page Seeks the specified inode and retrieves that inode and its
436 extended attributes from the inode scan.
“gpfs_stat_inode_with_xattrs64() Subroutine” on Seeks the specified inode and retrieves that inode and its
page 438 extended attributes from the inode scan.
“gpfsAccessRange_t Structure” on page 440 Declares an access range within a file for an application.
“gpfsCancelHints_t Structure” on page 441 Indicates to remove any hints against the open file handle.
“gpfsClearFileCache_t Structure” on page 442 Indicates file access in the near future is not expected.
“gpfsDataShipMap_t Structure” on page 443 Indicates which agent nodes are to be used for data shipping.
“gpfsDataShipStart_t Structure” on page 445 Initiates data shipping mode.
“gpfsDataShipStop_t Structure” on page 448 Takes a file out of data shipping mode.
“gpfsFcntlHeader_t Structure” on page 449 Contains declaration information for the gpfs_fcntl()
subroutine.
“gpfsFreeRange_t Structure” on page 450 Undeclares an access range within a file for an application.
“gpfsGetFilesetName_t Structure” on page 451 Obtains a file's fileset name.
“gpfsGetReplication_t Structure” on page 452 Obtains a file's replication factors.
“gpfsGetSnapshotName_t Structure” on page 454 Obtains a file's snapshot name.
“gpfsGetStoragePool_t Structure” on page 455 Obtains a file's storage pool name.
“gpfsMultipleAccessRange_t Structure” on page Defines prefetching and write-behind file access for an
456 application.
“gpfsRestripeData_t Structure” on page 458 Restripes a file's data blocks.
“gpfsSetReplication_t Structure” on page 459 Sets a file's replication factors.
“gpfsSetStoragePool_t Structure” on page 461 Sets a file's assigned storage pool.

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 323

gpfs_acl_t Structure
Contains buffer mapping for the gpfs_getacl() and gpfs_putacl() subroutines.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Structure
/* The GPFS ACL */
typedef struct gpfs_acl
{
gpfs_aclLen_t acl_len; /* Total length of this ACL in bytes */
gpfs_aclLevel_t acl_level; /* Reserved (must be zero) */
gpfs_aclVersion_t acl_version; /* POSIX or NFS4 ACL */
gpfs_aclType_t acl_type; /* Access, Default, or NFS4 */
gpfs_aclCount_t acl_nace; /* Number of Entries that follow */
union
{
gpfs_ace_v1_t ace_v1[1]; /* when GPFS_ACL_VERSION_POSIX */
gpfs_ace_v4_t ace_v4[1]; /* when GPFS_ACL_VERSION_NFS4 */
};
} gpfs_acl_t;

Description

The gpfs_acl_t structure contains size, version, and ACL type information for the gpfs_getacl() and
gpfs_putacl() subroutines.

Members
acl_len
The total length (in bytes) of this gpfs_acl_t structure.
acl_level
Reserved for future use. Currently must be zero.
acl_version
This field contains the version of the GPFS ACL. GPFS supports two ACL versions:
GPFS_ACL_VERSION_POSIX and GPFS_ACL_VERSION_NFS4. On input to the gpfs_getacl()
subroutine, set this field to zero.
acl_type
On input to the gpfs_getacl() subroutine, set this field to:
v Either GPFS_ACL_TYPE_ACCESS or GPFS_ACL_TYPE_DEFAULT for POSIX ACLs
v GPFS_ACL_TYPE_NFS4 for NFS ACLs.
These constants are defined in the gpfs.h header file.
acl_nace
The number of ACL entries that are in the array (ace_v1 or ace_v4).

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

324 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

gpfs_close_inodescan() Subroutine
Closes an inode scan.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Synopsis
#include <gpfs.h>
void gpfs_close_inodescan(gpfs_iscan_t *iscan);

Description

The gpfs_close_inodescan() subroutine closes the scan of the inodes in a file system or snapshot that was
opened with the gpfs_open_inodescan() subroutine. The gpfs_close_inodescan() subroutine frees all
storage used for the inode scan and invalidates the iscan handle.

Note:
1. Compile any program that uses this subroutine with the -lgpfs flag from the following library:
v libgpfs.a for AIX
v libgpfs.so for Linux

Parameters
iscan Pointer to the inode scan handle.

Exit status

The gpfs_close_inodescan() subroutine returns void.

Exceptions

None.

Error status

None.

Examples

For an example using gpfs_close_inodescan(), see /usr/lpp/mmfs/samples/util/tsbackup.C.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 325

gpfs_cmp_fssnapid() Subroutine
Compares two snapshot IDs for the same file system to determine the order in which the two snapshots
were taken.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Synopsis
#include <gpfs.h>
int gpfs_cmp_fssnapid (const gpfs_fssnap_id_t *fssnapId1,
const gpfs_fssnap_id_t *fssnapId2,
int *result);

Description

The gpfs_cmp_fssnapid() subroutine compares two snapshot IDs for the same file system to determine
the order in which the two snapshots were taken. The result parameter is set as follows:
v result less than zero indicates that snapshot 1 was taken before snapshot 2.
v result equal to zero indicates that snapshot 1 and 2 are the same.
v result greater than zero indicates that snapshot 1 was taken after snapshot 2.

Note:
1. Compile any program that uses this subroutine with the -lgpfs flag from the following library:
v libgpfs.a for AIX
v libgpfs.so for Linux

Parameters
fssnapId1
File system snapshot ID of the first snapshot.
fssnapId2
File system snapshot ID of the second snapshot.
result Pointer to an integer indicating the outcome of the comparison.

Exit status

If the gpfs_cmp_fssnapid() subroutine is successful, it returns a value of 0 and the result parameter is set
as described above.

If the gpfs_cmp_fssnapid() subroutine is unsuccessful, it returns a value of -1 and the global error
variable errno is set to indicate the nature of the error.

Exceptions

None.

Error status
EDOM
The two snapshots cannot be compared because they were taken from two different file systems.
ENOSYS
The gpfs_cmp_fssnapid() subroutine is not available.

326 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

GPFS_E_INVAL_FSSNAPID
fssnapId1 or fssnapId2 is not a valid snapshot ID.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 327

gpfs_direntx_t Structure
Contains attributes of a GPFS directory entry.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Structure
typedef struct gpfs_direntx
{
int d_version; /*this struct’s version*/
unsigned short d_reclen; /*actual size of this struct including
null-terminated variable-length d_name*/
unsigned short d_type; /*types are defined below*/
gpfs_ino_t d_ino; /*file inode number*/
gpfs_gen_t d_gen; /*generation number for the inode*/
char d_name[256]; /*null-terminated variable-length name*/
} gpfs_direntx_t;

/* File types for d_type field in gpfs_direntx_t */

#define GPFS_DE_OTHER 0
#define GPFS_DE_DIR 4
#define GPFS_DE_REG 8
#define GPFS_DE_LNK 10

Description

The gpfs_direntx_t structure contains the attributes of a GPFS directory entry.

Members
d_version
The version number of this structure.
d_reclen
The actual size of this structure including the null-terminated variable-length d_name field.
To allow some degree of forward compatibility, careful callers should use the d_reclen field for
the size of the structure rather than the sizeof() function.
d_type
The type of directory.
d_ino The directory inode number.
d_gen The directory generation number.
d_name
Null-terminated variable-length name of the directory.

Examples

For an example using gpfs_direntx_t, see /usr/lpp/mmfs/samples/util/tsbackup.C.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

328 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

gpfs_direntx64_t Structure
Contains attributes of a GPFS directory entry.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Structure
{
int d_version; /* this struct’s version */
unsigned short d_reclen; /* actual size of this struct including
null terminated variable length d_name */
unsigned short d_type; /* Types are defined below */
gpfs_ino64_t d_ino; /* File inode number */
gpfs_gen64_t d_gen; /* Generation number for the inode */
char d_name[256]; /* null terminated variable length name */
} gpfs_direntx64_t;

/* File types for d_type field in gpfs_direntx64_t */

#undef GPFS_D_VERSION
#define GPFS_D_VERSION GPFS_D_VERSION64
#define gpfs_direntx_t gpfs_direntx64_t
#define gpfs_direntx gpfs_direntx64

Description

The gpfs_direntx64_t structure contains the attributes of a GPFS directory entry.

Examples

For an example using gpfs_direntx64_t, see /usr/lpp/mmfs/samples/util/tsbackup.C.

Location
/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 329

gpfs_fcntl() Subroutine
Performs operations on an open file.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Synopsis
#include <gpfs.h>
int gpfs_fcntl(int fileDesc, void* fcntlArgP)

Description

The gpfs_fcntl() subroutine is used to pass file access pattern information and to control certain file
attributes on behalf of an open file. More than one operation can be requested with a single invocation of
gpfs_fcntl(). The type and number of operations is determined by the second operand, fcntlArgP, which
is a pointer to a data structure built in memory by the application. This data structure consists of:
v A fixed length header, mapped by gpfsFcntlHeader_t.
v A variable list of individual file access hints, directives or other control structures:
– File access hints:
1. gpfsAccessRange_t
2. gpfsFreeRange_t
3. gpfsMultipleAccessRange_t
4. gpfsClearFileCache_t
– File access directives:
1. gpfsCancelHints_t
2. gpfsDataShipMap_t
3. gpfsDataShipStart_t
4. gpfsDataShipStop_t
– Other file attribute operations:
1. gpfsGetFilesetName_t
2. gpfsGetReplication_t
3. gpfsGetSnapshotName_t
4. gpfsGetStoragePool_t
5. gpfsRestripeData_t
6. gpfsSetReplication_t
7. gpfsSetStoragePool_t

The above hints, directives and other operations may be mixed within a single gpfs_fcntl() subroutine,
and are performed in the order that they appear. A subsequent hint or directive may cancel out a
preceding one. See Chapter 7, “Communicating file access patterns to GPFS,” on page 63.

Note:
1. Compile any program that uses this subroutine with the -lgpfs flag from the following library:
v libgpfs.a for AIX
v libgpfs.so for Linux

330 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Parameters
fileDesc
The file descriptor identifying the file to which GPFS applies the hints and directives.
fcntlArgP
A pointer to the list of operations to be passed to GPFS.

Exit status

If the gpfs_fcntl() subroutine is successful, it returns a value of 0.

If the gpfs_fcntl() subroutine is unsuccessful, it returns a value of -1 and sets the global error variable
errno to indicate the nature of the error.

Exceptions

None.

Error status
EBADF
The file descriptor is not valid.
EINVAL
The file descriptor does not refer to a GPFS file or a regular file.
The system call is not valid.
ENOSYS
The gpfs_fcntl() subroutine is not supported under the current file system format.

Examples
1. This programming segment releases all cache data held by the file handle and tell GPFS that the
subroutine will write the portion of the file with file offsets between 2 GB and 3 GB minus one:
struct
{
gpfsFcntlHeader_t hdr;
gpfsClearFileCache_t rel;
gpfsAccessRange_t acc;
} arg;

arg.hdr.totalLength = sizeof(arg);
arg.hdr.fcntlVersion = GPFS_FCNTL_CURRENT_VERSION;
arg.hdr.fcntlReserved = 0;
arg.rel.structLen = sizeof(arg.rel);
arg.rel.structType = GPFS_CLEAR_FILE_CACHE;
arg.acc.structLen = sizeof(arg.acc);
arg.acc.structType = GPFS_ACCESS_RANGE;
arg.acc.start = 2LL * 1024LL * 1024LL * 1024LL;
arg.acc.length = 1024 * 1024 * 1024;
arg.acc.isWrite = 1;
rc = gpfs_fcntl(handle, &arg);
2. This programming segment gets the storage pool name and fileset name of a file from GPFS.
struct {
gpfsFcntlHeader_t hdr;
gpfsGetStoragePool_t pool;
gpfsGetFilesetName_t fileset;
} fcntlArg;
fcntlArg.hdr.totalLength = sizeof(fcntlArg.hdr) + sizeof(fcntlArg.pool) + sizeof(fcntlArg.fileset);
fcntlArg.hdr.fcntlVersion = GPFS_FCNTL_CURRENT_VERSION;
fcntlArg.hdr.fcntlReserved = 0;

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 331

fcntlArg.pool.structLen = sizeof(fcntlArg.pool);
fcntlArg.pool.structType = GPFS_FCNTL_GET_STORAGEPOOL;

fcntlArg.fileset.structLen = sizeof(fcntlArg.fileset);
fcntlArg.fileset.structType = GPFS_FCNTL_GET_FILESETNAME;

rc = gpfs_fcntl(fd, &fcntlArg);

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

332 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

gpfs_fgetattrs() Subroutine
Retrieves all extended file attributes in opaque format.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Synopsis
#include <gpfs.h>
int gpfs_fgetattrs(int fileDesc, int flags, void *bufferP,
int bufferSize, int *attrSizeP)

Description

The gpfs_fgetattrs() subroutine, together with gpfs_fputattrs(), is intended for use by a backup program
to save (gpfs_fgetattrs()) and restore (gpfs_fputattrs()) extended file attributes such as ACLs, DMAPI
attributes, and other information for the file. If the file has no extended attributes, the gpfs_fgetattrs()
subroutine returns a value of 0, but sets attrSizeP to 0 and leaves the contents of the buffer unchanged.

Note: Compile any program that uses this subroutine with the -lgpfs flag from the following library:
v libgpfs.a for AIX
v libgpfs.so for Linux

Parameters
fileDesc
The file descriptor identifying the file whose extended attributes are being retrieved.
flags Must have one of these three values:
GPFS_ATTRFLAG_DEFAULT
v Saves the attributes for file placement
v Saves the currently assigned storage pool
GPFS_ATTRFLAG_NO_PLACEMENT
v Does not save attributes for file placement
v Does not save the currently assigned storage pool
GPFS_ATTRFLAG_IGNORE_POOL
v Saves attributes for file placement
v Does not save the currently assigned storage pool
bufferP
Pointer to a buffer to store the extended attribute information.
bufferSize
The size of the buffer that was passed in.
attrSizeP
If successful, returns the actual size of the attribute information that was stored in the buffer. If
the bufferSize was too small, returns the minimum buffer size.

Exit status

If the gpfs_fgetattrs() subroutine is successful, it returns a value of 0.

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 333

If the gpfs_fgetattrs() subroutine is unsuccessful, it returns a value of -1 and sets the global error variable
errno to indicate the nature of the error.

Exceptions

None.

Error status
EBADF
The file descriptor is not valid.
EFAULT
The address is not valid.
EINVAL
The file descriptor does not refer to a GPFS file.
ENOSPC
bufferSize is too small to return all of the attributes. On return, *attrSizeP is set to the required
size.
ENOSYS
The gpfs_fgetattrs() subroutine is not supported under the current file system format.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

334 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

gpfs_fputattrs() Subroutine
Sets all the extended file attributes for a file.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Synopsis
#include <gpfs.h>
int gpfs_fputattrs(int fileDesc, int flags, void *bufferP)

Description

The gpfs_fputattrs() subroutine, together with gpfs_fgetattrs(), is intended for use by a backup program
to save (gpfs_fgetattrs()) and restore (gpfs_fputattrs()) all of the extended attributes of a file. This
subroutine also sets the storage pool for the file and sets data replication to the values that are saved in
the extended attributes.

If the saved storage pool is not valid or if the IGNORE_POOL flag is set, GPFS will select the storage
pool by matching a PLACEMENT rule using the saved file attributes. If GPFS fails to match a placement
rule or if there are no placement rules installed, GPFS assigns the file to the system storage pool.

Note: Compile any program that uses this subroutine with the -lgpfs flag from the following library:
v libgpfs.a for AIX
v libgpfs.so for Linux

Parameters
fileDesc
The file descriptor identifying the file whose extended attributes are being set.
flags Non-placement attributes such as ACLs are always restored, regardless of value of the flag. Flags
must have one of these three values:
GPFS_ATTRFLAG_DEFAULT
Restores the previously assigned storage pool and previously assigned data replication.
GPFS_ATTRFLAG_NO_PLACEMENT
Does not change storage pool and data replication.
GPFS_ATTRFLAG_IGNORE_POOL
Selects storage pool and data replication by matching the saved attributes to a placement
rule instead of restoring the saved storage pool.
bufferP
A pointer to the buffer containing the extended attributes for the file.
If you specify a value of NULL, all extended ACLs for the file are deleted.

Exit status

If the gpfs_fputattrs() subroutine is successful, it returns a value of 0.

If the gpfs_fputattrs() subroutine is unsuccessful, it returns a value of -1 and sets the global error variable
errno to indicate the nature of the error.

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 335

Exceptions

None.

Error status
EBADF
The file descriptor is not valid.
EINVAL
The buffer pointed to by bufferP does not contain valid attribute data, or the file descriptor does
not refer to a GPFS file.
ENOSYS
The gpfs_fputattrs() subroutine is not supported under the current file system format.

Examples

To copy extended file attributes from file f1 to file f2:

char buf[4096];
int f1, f2, attrSize, rc;

rc = gpfs_fgetattrs(f1, GPFS_ATTRFLAG_DEFAULT, buf, sizeof(buf), &attrSize);

if (rc != 0)
... // error handling
if (attrSize != 0)
rc = gpfs_fputattrs(f2, 0, buf); //copy attributes from f1 to f2
else
rc = gpfs_fputattrs(f2, 0, NULL); // f1 has no attributes
// delete attributes on f2

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

336 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

gpfs_fputattrswithpathname() Subroutine
Sets all of the extended file attributes for a file and invokes the policy engine for RESTORE rules.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Synopsis
#include <gpfs.h>
int gpfs_fputattrswithpathname(int fileDesc, int flags, void *bufferP, const char *pathname)

Description

The gpfs_fputattrswithpathname() subroutine sets all of the extended attributes of a file. In addition,
gpfs_fputattrswithpathname() invokes the policy engine using the saved attributes to match a RESTORE
rule to set the storage pool and the data replication for the file. The caller should include the full path to
the file (including the file name) to allow rule selection based on file name or path. If the file fails to
match a RESTORE rule or if there are no RESTORE rules installed, GPFS selects the storage pool and
data replication as it does when calling gpfs_fputattrs().

Note: Compile any program that uses this subroutine with the -lgpfs flag from one the following
libraries:
v libgpfs.a for AIX
v libgpfs.so for Linux

Parameters
fileDesc
Is the file descriptor that identifies the file whose extended attributes are to be set.
flags Non-placement attributes such as ACLs are always restored, regardless of value of the flag. Flags
must have one of these three values:
GPFS_ATTRFLAG_DEFAULT
Uses the saved attributes to match a RESTORE rule to set the storage pool and the data
replication for the file.
GPFS_ATTRFLAG_NO_PLACEMENT
Does not change storage pool and data replication.
GPFS_ATTRFLAG_IGNORE_POOL
Checks the file to see if it matches a RESTORE rule. If the file fails to match a RESTORE
rule, GPFS ignores the saved storage pool and selects a pool by matching the saved
attributes to a PLACEMENT rule.
bufferP
A pointer to the buffer containing the extended attributes for the file.
If you specify a value of NULL, all extended ACLs for the file are deleted.

Exit status

If the gpfs_fputattrswithpathname() subroutine is successful, it returns a value of 0.

If the gpfs_fputattrswithpathname() subroutine is unsuccessful, it returns a value of -1 and sets the

global error variable errno to indicate the nature of the error.

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 337

Exceptions

None.

Error status
EBADF
The file descriptor is not valid.
EINVAL
The buffer to which bufferP points does not contain valid attribute data.
ENOENT
No such file or directory.
ENOSYS
The gpfs_fputattrswithpathname() subroutine is not supported under the current file system
format.

Examples
Refer to “gpfs_fputattrs() Subroutine” on page 335 for examples.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

338 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

gpfs_free_fssnaphandle() Subroutine
Frees a GPFS file system snapshot handle.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Synopsis
#include <gpfs.h>
void gpfs_free_fssnaphandle(gpfs_fssnap_handle_t *fssnapHandle);

Description

The gpfs_free_fssnaphandle() subroutine frees the snapshot handle that is passed. The return value is
always void.

Note:
1. Compile any program that uses this subroutine with the -lgpfs flag from the following library:
v libgpfs.a for AIX
v libgpfs.so for Linux

Parameters
fssnapHandle
File system snapshot handle.

Exit status

The gpfs_free_fssnaphandle() subroutine always returns void.

Exceptions

None.

Error status

None.

Examples

For an example using gpfs_free_fssnaphandle(), see /usr/lpp/mmfs/samples/util/tsbackup.C.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 339

gpfs_fssnap_handle_t Structure
Contains a handle for a GPFS file system or snapshot.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Structure
typedef struct gpfs_fssnap_handle gpfs_fssnap_handle_t;

Description

A file system or snapshot is uniquely identified by an fssnapId of type gpfs_fssnap_id_t. While the
fssnapId is permanent and global, a shorter fssnapHandle is used by the backup application
programming interface to identify the file system and snapshot being accessed. The fssnapHandle, like a
POSIX file descriptor, is volatile and may be used only by the program that created it.

There are three ways to create a file system snapshot handle:

1. By using the name of the file system and snapshot
2. By specifying the path through the mount point
3. By providing an existing file system snapshot ID

Additional subroutines are provided to obtain the permanent, global fssnapId from the fssnapHandle, or
to obtain the path or the names for the file system and snapshot, if they are still available in the file
system.

The file system must be mounted in order to use the backup programming application interface. If the
fssnapHandle is created by the path name, the path may be relative and may specify any file or directory
in the file system. Operations on a particular snapshot are indicated with a path to a file or directory
within that snapshot. If the fssnapHandle is created by name, the file system's unique name may be
specified (for example, fs1) or its device name may be provided (for example, /dev/fs1). To specify an
operation on the active file system, the pointer to the snapshot's name should be set to NULL or a
zero-length string provided.

The name of the directory under which all snapshots appear may be obtained by the
gpfs_get_snapdirname() subroutine. By default this is .snapshots, but it can be changed using the
mmsnapdir command. The gpfs_get_snapdirname() subroutine returns the currently set value, which is
the one that was last set by the mmsnapdir command, or the default, if it was never changed.

Members
gpfs_fssnap_handle
File system snapshot handle

Examples

For an example using gpfs_fssnap_handle_t, see /usr/lpp/mmfs/samples/util/tsbackup.C.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

340 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

gpfs_fssnap_id_t Structure
Contains a permanent, globally unique identifier for a GPFS file system or snapshot.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Structure
typedef struct gpfs_fssnap_id
{
char opaque[48];
} gpfs_fssnap_id_t;

Description

A file system or snapshot is uniquely identified by an fssnapId of type gpfs_fssnap_id_t. The fssnapId is
a permanent and global identifier that uniquely identifies an active file system or a read-only snapshot of
a file system. Every snapshot of a file system has a unique identifier that is also different from the
identifier of the active file system itself.

The fssnapId is obtained from an open fssnapHandle. Once obtained, the fssnapId should be stored
along with the file system's data for each backup. The fssnapId is required to generate an incremental
backup. The fssnapId identifies the previously backed up file system or snapshot and allows the inode
scan to return only the files and data that have changed since that previous scan.

Members
opaque
A 48 byte area for containing the snapshot identifier.

Examples

For an example using gpfs_fssnap_id_t, see /usr/lpp/mmfs/samples/util/tsbackup.C.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 341

gpfs_fstat() Subroutine
Returns exact file status for a GPFS file.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Synopsis
#include <gpfs.h>
int gpfs_fstat(int fileDesc, struct stat64 *Buffer)

Description

The gpfs_fstat() subroutine is used to obtain exact information about the file associated with the FileDesc
parameter. This subroutine is provided as an alternative to the stat() subroutine, which may not provide
exact mtime and atime values. See “Exceptions to Open Group technical standards” on page 467.

read, write, or execute permission for the named file is not required, but all directories listed in the path
leading to the file must be searchable. The file information is written to the area specified by the Buffer
parameter.

Note:
1. Compile any program that uses this subroutine with the -lgpfs flag from the following library:
v libgpfs.a for AIX
v libgpfs.so for Linux

Parameters
fileDesc
The file descriptor identifying the file for which exact status information is requested.
Buffer A pointer to the stat64 structure in which the information is returned. The stat64 structure is
described in the sys/stat.h file.

Exit status

If the gpfs_fstat() subroutine is successful, it returns a value of 0.

If the gpfs_fstat() subroutine is unsuccessful, it returns a value of -1 and sets the global error variable
errno to indicate the nature of the error.

Exceptions

None.

Error status
EBADF
The file descriptor is not valid.
EINVAL
The file descriptor does not refer to a GPFS file or a regular file.
ENOSYS
The gpfs_fstat() subroutine is not supported under the current file system format.

342 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

ESTALE
The cached file system information was not valid.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 343

gpfs_get_fsname_from_fssnaphandle() Subroutine
Obtains the file system's name from a GPFS file system snapshot handle.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Synopsis
#include <gpfs.h>
const char *gpfs_get_fsname_from_fssnaphandle
(gpfs_fssnap_handle_t *fssnapHandle);

Description

The gpfs_get_fsname_from_fssnaphandle() subroutine returns a pointer to the name of file system that is
uniquely identified by the file system snapshot handle.

Note:
1. Compile any program that uses this subroutine with the -lgpfs flag from the following library:
v libgpfs.a for AIX
v libgpfs.so for Linux

Parameters
fssnapHandle
File system snapshot handle.

Exit status

If the gpfs_get_fsname_from_fssnaphandle() subroutine is successful, it returns a pointer to the name of

the file system identified by the file system snapshot handle.

If the gpfs_get_fsname_from_fssnaphandle() subroutine is unsuccessful, it returns NULL and sets the

global error variable errno to indicate the nature of the error.

Exceptions

None.

Error status
ENOSYS
The gpfs_get_fsname_from_fssnaphandle() subroutine is not available.
EPERM
The caller does not have superuser privileges.
GPFS_E_INVAL_FSSNAPHANDLE
The file system snapshot handle is not valid.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

344 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

gpfs_get_fssnaphandle_by_fssnapid() Subroutine
Obtains a GPFS file system snapshot handle given its permanent, unique snapshot ID.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Synopsis
#include <gpfs.h>
gpfs_fssnap_handle_t *gpfs_get_fssnaphandle_by_fssnapid
(const gpfs_fssnap_id_t *fssnapId);

Description

The gpfs_get_fssnaphandle_by_fssnapid() subroutine creates a handle for the file system or snapshot
that is uniquely identified by the permanent, unique snapshot ID.

Note:
1. Compile any program that uses this subroutine with the -lgpfs flag from the following library:
v libgpfs.a for AIX
v libgpfs.so for Linux

Parameters
fssnapId
File system snapshot ID

Exit status

If the gpfs_get_fssnaphandle_by_fssnapid() subroutine is successful, it returns a pointer to the file

system snapshot handle.

If the gpfs_get_fssnaphandle_by_fssnapid() subroutine is unsuccessful, it returns NULL and sets the

global error variable errno to indicate the nature of the error.

Exceptions

None.

Error status
ENOMEM
Space could not be allocated for the file system snapshot handle.
ENOSYS
The gpfs_get_fssnaphandle_by_fssnapid() subroutine is not available.
EPERM
The caller does not have superuser privileges.
GPFS_E_INVAL_FSSNAPID
The file system snapshot ID is not valid.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 345

gpfs_get_fssnaphandle_by_name() Subroutine
Obtains a GPFS file system snapshot handle given the file system and snapshot names.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Synopsis
#include <gpfs.h>
gpfs_fssnap_handle_t *gpfs_get_fssnaphandle_by_name
(const char *fsName, const char *snapName);

Description

The gpfs_get_fssnaphandle_by_name() subroutine creates a handle for the file system or snapshot that is
uniquely identified by the file system's name and the name of the snapshot.

Note:
1. Compile any program that uses this subroutine with the -lgpfs flag from the following library:
v libgpfs.a for AIX
v libgpfs.so for Linux

Parameters
fsName
A pointer to the name of the file system whose snapshot handle is desired.
snapName
A pointer to the name of the snapshot whose snapshot handle is desired, or NULL to access the
active file system rather than a snapshot within the file system.

Exit status

If the gpfs_get_fssnaphandle_by_name() subroutine is successful, it returns a pointer to the file system

snapshot handle.

If the gpfs_get_fssnaphandle_by_name() subroutine is unsuccessful, it returns NULL and sets the global
error variable errno to indicate the nature of the error.

Exceptions

None.

Error status
ENOENT
The file system name is not valid.
ENOMEM
Space could not be allocated for the file system snapshot handle.
ENOSYS
The gpfs_get_fssnaphandle_by_name() subroutine is not available.
EPERM
The caller does not have superuser privileges.

346 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

GPFS_E_INVAL_SNAPNAME
The snapshot name is not valid.

Examples

For an example using gpfs_get_fssnaphandle_by_name(), see /usr/lpp/mmfs/samples/util/tsbackup.C.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 347

gpfs_get_fssnaphandle_by_path() Subroutine
Obtains a GPFS file system snapshot handle given a path to the file system or snapshot.

Name

gpfs_get_fssnaphandle_by_path()

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Synopsis
#include <gpfs.h>
gpfs_fssnap_handle_t *gpfs_get_fssnaphandle_by_path
(const char *pathName);

Description

The gpfs_get_fssnaphandle_by_path() subroutine creates a handle for the file system or snapshot that is
uniquely identified by a path through the file system's mount point to a file or directory within the file
system or snapshot.

Note: Compile any program that uses this subroutine with the -lgpfs flag from the following library:
v libgpfs.a for AIX
v libgpfs.so for Linux

Parameters
pathName
A pointer to the path name to a file or directory within the desired file system or snapshot.

Exit status

If the gpfs_get_fssnaphandle_by_path() subroutine is successful, it returns a pointer to the file system

snapshot handle.

If the gpfs_get_fssnaphandle_by_path() subroutine is unsuccessful, it returns NULL and sets the global
error variable errno to indicate the nature of the error.

Exceptions

None.

Error status
ENOENT
The path name is not valid.
ENOMEM
Space could not be allocated for the file system snapshot handle.
ENOSYS
The gpfs_get_fssnaphandle_by_path() subroutine is not available.
EPERM
The caller does not have superuser privileges.

348 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Examples

For an example using gpfs_get_fssnaphandle_by_path(), see /usr/lpp/mmfs/samples/util/tsbackup.C.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 349

gpfs_get_fssnapid_from_fssnaphandle() Subroutine
Obtains the permanent, unique GPFS file system snapshot ID given its handle.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Synopsis
#include <gpfs.h>
int gpfs_get_fssnapid_from_fssnaphandle
(gpfs_fssnap_handle_t *fssnapHandle,
gpfs_fssnap_id_t *fssnapId);

Description

The gpfs_get_fssnapid_from_fssnaphandle() subroutine obtains the permanent, globally unique file

system snapshot ID of the file system or snapshot identified by the open file system snapshot handle.

Note: Compile any program that uses this subroutine with the -lgpfs flag from the following library:
v libgpfs.a for AIX
v libgpfs.so for Linux

Parameters
fssnapHandle
File system snapshot handle.
fssnapId
File system snapshot ID.

Exit status

If the gpfs_get_fssnapid_from_fssnaphandle() subroutine is successful, it returns a pointer to the file

system snapshot ID.

If the gpfs_get_fssnapid_from_fssnaphandle() subroutine is unsuccessful, it returns a value of -1 and sets

the global error variable errno to indicate the nature of the error.

Exceptions

None.

Error status
EFAULT
Size mismatch for fssnapId.
EINVAL
NULL pointer given for returned fssnapId.
ENOSYS
The gpfs_get_fssnapid_from_fssnaphandle() subroutine is not available.
GPFS_E_INVAL_FSSNAPHANDLE
The file system snapshot handle is not valid.

350 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Examples

For an example using gpfs_get_fssnapid_from_fssnaphandle(), see /usr/lpp/mmfs/samples/util/

tsbackup.C.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 351

gpfs_get_pathname_from_fssnaphandle() Subroutine
Obtains the path name of a GPFS file system snapshot given its handle.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Synopsis
#include <gpfs.h>
const char *gpfs_get_pathname_from_fssnaphandle
(gpfs_fssnap_handle_t *fssnapHandle);

Description

The gpfs_get_pathname_from_fssnaphandle() subroutine obtains the path name of the file system or
snapshot identified by the open file system snapshot handle.

Note: Compile any program that uses this subroutine with the -lgpfs flag from the following library:
v libgpfs.a for AIX
v libgpfs.so for Linux

Parameters
fssnapHandle
File system snapshot handle.

Exit status

If the gpfs_get_pathname_from_fssnaphandle() subroutine is successful, it returns a pointer to the path

name of the file system or snapshot.

If the gpfs_get_pathname_from_fssnaphandle() subroutine is unsuccessful, it returns NULL and sets the

global error variable errno to indicate the nature of the error.

Exceptions

None.

Error status
ENOSYS
The gpfs_get_pathname_from_fssnaphandle() subroutine is not available.
EPERM
The caller does not have superuser privileges.
GPFS_E_INVAL_FSSNAPHANDLE
The file system snapshot handle is not valid.

Examples
For an example using gpfs_get_pathname_from_fssnaphandle(), see /usr/lpp/mmfs/samples/util/
tsbackup.C.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

352 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference
gpfs_get_snapdirname() Subroutine
Obtains the name of the directory containing snapshots.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Synopsis
#include <gpfs.h>
int gpfs_get_snapdirname(gpfs_fssnap_handle_t *fssnapHandle,
char *snapdirName, int bufLen);

Description

The gpfs_get_snapdirname() subroutine obtains the name of the directory that is used to contain
snapshots.

Note: Compile any program that uses this subroutine with the -lgpfs flag from the following library:
v libgpfs.a for AIX
v libgpfs.so for Linux

Parameters
fssnapHandle
File system snapshot handle.
snapdirName
Buffer into which the name of the snapshot directory will be copied.
bufLen
The size of the provided buffer.

Exit status

If the gpfs_get_snapdirname() subroutine is successful, it returns a value of 0 and the snapdirName and
bufLen parameters are set as described above.

If the gpfs_get_snapdirname() subroutine is unsuccessful, it returns a value of -1 and the global error
variable errno is set to indicate the nature of the error.

Exceptions

None.

Error status
ENOMEM
Unable to allocate memory for this request.
ENOSYS
The gpfs_get_snapdirname() subroutine is not available.
EPERM
The caller does not have superuser privileges.
ERANGE
The buffer is too small to return the snapshot directory name.

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 353

ESTALE
The cached file system information was not valid.
GPFS_E_INVAL_FSSNAPHANDLE
The file system snapshot handle is not valid.

Examples

For an example using gpfs_get_snapdirname(), see /usr/lpp/mmfs/samples/util/tsbackup.C.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

354 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

gpfs_get_snapname_from_fssnaphandle() Subroutine
Obtains the name of the snapshot identified by the GPFS file system snapshot handle.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Synopsis
#include <gpfs.h>
const char *gpfs_get_snapname_from_fssnaphandle
(gpfs_fssnap_handle_t *fssnapHandle);

Description

The gpfs_get_snapname_from_fssnaphandle() subroutine obtains a pointer to the name of a GPFS

snapshot given its file system snapshot handle. If the fssnapHandle identifies an active file system, as
opposed to a snapshot of a file system, gpfs_get_snapname_from_fssnaphandle() returns a pointer to a
zero-length snapshot name and a successful return code.

Note: Compile any program that uses this subroutine with the -lgpfs flag from the following library:
v libgpfs.a for AIX
v libgpfs.so for Linux

Parameters
fssnapHandle
File system snapshot handle.

Exit status

If the gpfs_get_snapname_from_fssnaphandle() subroutine is successful, it returns a pointer to the name

of the snapshot.

If the gpfs_get_snapname_from_fssnaphandle() subroutine is unsuccessful, it returns NULL and sets the

global error variable errno to indicate the nature of the error.

Exceptions

None.

Error status
ENOSYS
The gpfs_get_snapname_from_fssnaphandle() subroutine is not available.
EPERM
The caller does not have superuser privileges.
GPFS_E_INVAL_FSSNAPHANDLE
The file system snapshot handle is not valid.
GPFS_E_INVAL_SNAPNAME
The snapshot has been deleted.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 355

gpfs_getacl() Subroutine
Retrieves the access control information for a GPFS file.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Synopsis
#include <gpfs.h>
int gpfs_getacl(char *pathname, int flags, void *aclP);

Description

The gpfs_getacl() subroutine, together with the gpfs_putacl() subroutine, is intended for use by a backup
program to save (gpfs_getacl()) and restore (gpfs_putacl()) the ACL information for the file.

Note: Compile any program that uses this subroutine with the -lgpfs flag from the following library:
v libgpfs.a for AIX
v libgpfs.so for Linux

Parameters
pathname
The path identifying the file for which the ACLs are being obtained.
flags Consists of one of these values:
0 Indicates that the aclP parameter is to be mapped with the gpfs_opaque_acl_t struct.
The gpfs_opaque_acl_t struct should be used by backup and restore programs.
GPFS_GETACL_STRUCT
Indicates that the aclP parameter is to be mapped with the gpfs_acl_t struct.
The gpfs_acl_t struct is provided for applications that need to interpret the ACL.
aclP Pointer to a buffer mapped by the structure gpfs_opaque_acl_t or gpfs_acl_t, depending on the
value of flags.
The first four bytes of the buffer must contain its total size.

Exit status

If the gpfs_getacl() subroutine is successful, it returns a value of 0.

If the gpfs_getacl() subroutine is unsuccessful, it returns a value of -1 and sets the global error variable
errno to indicate the nature of the error.

Exceptions

None.

Error status
EINVAL
The path name does not refer to a GPFS file or a regular file.
ENOMEM
Unable to allocate memory for request.

356 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

ENOTDIR
File is not a directory.
ENOSPC
The buffer is too small to return the entire ACL. The required buffer size is returned in the first
four bytes of the buffer pointed to by aclP.
ENOSYS
The gpfs_getacl() subroutine is not supported under the current file system format.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 357

gpfs_iattr_t Structure
Contains attributes of a GPFS inode.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Structure
typedef struct gpfs_iattr
{
int ia_version; /* this struct version */
int ia_reclen; /* sizeof this structure */
int ia_checksum; /* validity check on iattr struct */
gpfs_mode_t ia_mode; /* access mode */
gpfs_uid_t ia_uid; /* owner uid */
gpfs_gid_t ia_gid; /* owner gid */
gpfs_ino_t ia_inode; /* file inode number */
gpfs_gen_t ia_gen; /* inode generation number */
short ia_nlink; /* number of links */
short ia_flags; /* Flags (defined below) */
int ia_blocksize; /* preferred block size for io */
gpfs_mask_t ia_mask; /* Initial attribute mask (not used) */
gpfs_off64_t ia_size; /* file size in bytes */
gpfs_off64_t ia_blocks; /* 512 byte blocks of disk held by file */
gpfs_timestruc_t ia_atime; /* time of last access */
gpfs_timestruc_t ia_mtime; /* time of last data modification */
gpfs_timestruc_t ia_ctime; /* time of last status change */
gpfs_dev_t ia_rdev; /* id of device */
unsigned int ia_xperm; /* extended attributes (defined below) */
unsigned int ia_modsnapid; /* snapshot id of last modification */
unsigned int ia_filesetid; /* fileset ID */
unsigned int ia_datapoolid; /* storage pool ID for data */
} gpfs_iattr_t;

typedef struct gpfs_iattr64

{
int ia_version; /* this struct version */
int ia_reclen; /* sizeof this structure */
int ia_checksum; /* validity check on iattr struct */
gpfs_mode_t ia_mode; /* access mode */
gpfs_uid64_t ia_uid; /* owner uid */
gpfs_gid64_t ia_gid; /* owner gid */
gpfs_ino64_t ia_inode; /* file inode number */
gpfs_gen64_t ia_gen; /* inode generation number */
long long ia_nlink; /* number of links */
gpfs_off64_t ia_size; /* file size in bytes */
gpfs_off64_t ia_blocks; /* 512 byte blocks of disk held by file */
gpfs_timestruc64_t ia_atime; /* time of last access */
unsigned int ia_winflags; /* window’s flags (defined below) */
gpfs_timestruc64_t ia_mtime; /* time of last data modification */
unsigned int ia_flags; /* flags (defined below) */
gpfs_timestruc64_t ia_ctime; /* time of last status change */
int ia_blocksize; /* preferred block size for io */
gpfs_timestruc64_t ia_createtime; /* creation time */
gpfs_mask_t ia_mask; /* initial attribute mask (not used) */
gpfs_timestruc64_t ia_etime; /* expiration time */
unsigned int ia_xperm; /* extended attributes (defined below) */
gpfs_dev_t ia_dev; /* id of device containing file */
gpfs_dev_t ia_rdev; /* device id (if special file) */
gpfs_snapid64_t ia_modsnapid; /* snapshot id of last modification */
unsigned int ia_filesetid; /* fileset ID */
unsigned int ia_datapoolid; /* storage pool ID for data */
unsigned int ia_unused[11]; /* reserved space */
} gpfs_iattr64_t;

358 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

/* Define flags for inode attributes */
#define GPFS_IAFLAG_SNAPDIR 0x0001 /* (obsolete) */
#define GPFS_IAFLAG_USRQUOTA 0x0002 /* inode is a user quota file */
#define GPFS_IAFLAG_GRPQUOTA 0x0004 /* inode is a group quota file */
#define GPFS_IAFLAG_ERROR 0x0008 /* error reading inode */
/* Define flags for inode replication attributes */
#define GPFS_IAFLAG_FILESET_ROOT 0x0010 /* root dir of a fileset */
#define GPFS_IAFLAG_NO_SNAP_RESTORE 0x0020 /* don’t restore from snapshots */
#define GPFS_IAFLAG_FILESETQUOTA 0x0040 /* inode is a fileset quota file */
#define GPFS_IAFLAG_COMANAGED 0x0080 /* file data is co-managed */
#define GPFS_IAFLAG_ILLPLACED 0x0100 /* may not be properly placed */
#define GPFS_IAFLAG_REPLMETA 0x0200 /* metadata replication set */
#define GPFS_IAFLAG_REPLDATA 0x0400 /* data replication set */
#define GPFS_IAFLAG_EXPOSED 0x0800 /* may have data on suspended disks */
#define GPFS_IAFLAG_ILLREPLICATED 0x1000 /* may not be properly replicated */
#define GPFS_IAFLAG_UNBALANCED 0x2000 /* may not be properly balanced */
#define GPFS_IAFLAG_DATAUPDATEMISS 0x4000 /* has stale data blocks on
unavailable disk */
#define GPFS_IAFLAG_METAUPDATEMISS 0x8000 /* has stale metadata on
unavailable disk */

#define GPFS_IAFLAG_IMMUTABLE 0x00010000 /* Immutability */

#define GPFS_IAFLAG_INDEFRETENT 0x00020000 /* Indefinite retention */
#define GPFS_IAFLAG_SECUREDELETE 0x00040000 /* Secure deletion */

#define GPFS_IAFLAG_TRUNCMANAGED 0x00080000 /* dmapi truncate event enabled */

#define GPFS_IAFLAG_READMANAGED 0x00100000 /* dmapi read event enabled */
#define GPFS_IAFLAG_WRITEMANAGED 0x00200000 /* dmapi write event enabled */

/* Define flags for window’s attributes */

#define GPFS_IWINFLAG_ARCHIVE 0x0001 /* Archive */
#define GPFS_IWINFLAG_HIDDEN 0x0002 /* Hidden */
#define GPFS_IWINFLAG_NOTINDEXED 0x0004 /* Not content indexed */
#define GPFS_IWINFLAG_OFFLINE 0x0008 /* Off-line */
#define GPFS_IWINFLAG_READONLY 0x0010 /* Read-only */
#define GPFS_IWINFLAG_REPARSE 0x0020 /* Reparse point */
#define GPFS_IWINFLAG_SYSTEM 0x0040 /* System */
#define GPFS_IWINFLAG_TEMPORARY 0x0080 /* Temporary */
#define GPFS_IWINFLAG_COMPRESSED 0x0100 /* Compressed */
#define GPFS_IWINFLAG_ENCRYPTED 0x0200 /* Encrypted */
#define GPFS_IWINFLAG_SPARSE 0x0400 /* Sparse file */
#define GPFS_IWINFLAG_HASSTREAMS 0x0800 /* Has streams */

/* Define flags for extended attributes */

#define GPFS_IAXPERM_ACL 0x0001 /* file has acls */
#define GPFS_IAXPERM_XATTR 0x0002 /* file has extended attributes */
#define GPFS_IAXPERM_DMATTR 0x0004 /* file has dm attributes */
#define GPFS_IAXPERM_DOSATTR 0x0008 /* file has non-default dos attrs */
#define GPFS_IAXPERM_RPATTR 0x0010 /* file has restore policy attrs */

Description

The gpfs_iattr_t structure contains the various attributes of a GPFS inode.

Members
ia_version
The version number of this structure.
ia_reclen
The size of this structure.
ia_checksum
The checksum for this gpfs_iattr structure.

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 359

ia_mode
The access mode for this inode.
ia_uid The owner user ID for this inode.
ia_gid
The owner group ID for this inode.
ia_inode
The file inode number.
ia_gen The inode generation number.
ia_nlink
The number of links for this inode.
ia_flags
The flags (defined above) for this inode.
ia_blocksize
The preferred block size for I/O.
ia_mask
The initial attribute mask (not used).
ia_size
The file size in bytes.
ia_blocks
The number of 512 byte blocks of disk held by the file.
ia_atime
The time of last access.
ia_mtime
The time of last data modification.
ia_ctime
The time of last status change.
ia_rdev
The ID of the device.
ia_xperm
Indicator - nonzero if file has extended ACL.
ia_modsnapid
Internal snapshot ID indicating the last time that the file was modified. Internal snapshot IDs for
the current snapshots are displayed by the mmlssnapshot command.
ia_filesetid
The fileset ID for the inode.
ia_datapoolid
The storage pool ID for data for the inode.

Examples

For an example using gpfs_iattr_t, see /usr/lpp/mmfs/samples/util/tsbackup.C.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

360 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

gpfs_iattr64_t Structure
Contains attributes of a GPFS inode.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Structure
typedef struct gpfs_iattr64
{
int ia_version; /* this struct version */
int ia_reclen; /* sizeof this structure */
int ia_checksum; /* validity check on iattr struct */
gpfs_mode_t ia_mode; /* access mode */
gpfs_uid64_t ia_uid; /* owner uid */
gpfs_gid64_t ia_gid; /* owner gid */
gpfs_ino64_t ia_inode; /* file inode number */
gpfs_gen64_t ia_gen; /* inode generation number */
long long ia_nlink; /* number of links */
gpfs_off64_t ia_size; /* file size in bytes */
gpfs_off64_t ia_blocks; /* 512 byte blocks of disk held by file */
gpfs_timestruc64_t ia_atime; /* time of last access */
unsigned int ia_winflags; /* window’s flags (defined below) */
gpfs_timestruc64_t ia_mtime; /* time of last data modification */
unsigned int ia_flags; /* flags (defined below) */
gpfs_timestruc64_t ia_ctime; /* time of last status change */
int ia_blocksize; /* preferred block size for io */
gpfs_timestruc64_t ia_createtime; /* creation time */
gpfs_mask_t ia_mask; /* initial attribute mask (not used) */
gpfs_timestruc64_t ia_etime; /* expiration time */
unsigned int ia_xperm; /* extended attributes (defined below) */
gpfs_dev_t ia_dev; /* id of device containing file */
gpfs_dev_t ia_rdev; /* device id (if special file) */
gpfs_snapid64_t ia_modsnapid; /* snapshot id of last modification */
unsigned int ia_filesetid; /* fileset ID */
unsigned int ia_datapoolid; /* storage pool ID for data */
unsigned int ia_pcacheflags; /* pcache inode bits */
unsigned int ia_unused[10]; /* reserved space */
} gpfs_iattr64_t;

#ifdef GPFS_64BIT_INODES
#undef GPFS_IA_VERSION
#define GPFS_IA_VERSION GPFS_IA_VERSION64
#define gpfs_iattr_t gpfs_iattr64_t
#endif

/* Define flags for inode attributes */

#define GPFS_IAFLAG_SNAPDIR 0x0001 /* (obsolete) */
#define GPFS_IAFLAG_USRQUOTA 0x0002 /* inode is a user quota file */
#define GPFS_IAFLAG_GRPQUOTA 0x0004 /* inode is a group quota file */
#define GPFS_IAFLAG_ERROR 0x0008 /* error reading inode */
/* Define flags for inode replication attributes */
#define GPFS_IAFLAG_FILESET_ROOT 0x0010 /* root dir of a fileset */
#define GPFS_IAFLAG_NO_SNAP_RESTORE 0x0020 /* don’t restore from snapshots */
#define GPFS_IAFLAG_FILESETQUOTA 0x0040 /* inode is a fileset quota file */
#define GPFS_IAFLAG_COMANAGED 0x0080 /* file data is co-managed */
#define GPFS_IAFLAG_ILLPLACED 0x0100 /* may not be properly placed */
#define GPFS_IAFLAG_REPLMETA 0x0200 /* metadata replication set */
#define GPFS_IAFLAG_REPLDATA 0x0400 /* data replication set */
#define GPFS_IAFLAG_EXPOSED 0x0800 /* may have data on suspended disks */
#define GPFS_IAFLAG_ILLREPLICATED 0x1000 /* may not be properly replicated */
#define GPFS_IAFLAG_UNBALANCED 0x2000 /* may not be properly balanced */
#define GPFS_IAFLAG_DATAUPDATEMISS 0x4000 /* has stale data blocks on

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 361

unavailable disk */
#define GPFS_IAFLAG_METAUPDATEMISS 0x8000 /* has stale metadata on
unavailable disk */

#define GPFS_IAFLAG_IMMUTABLE 0x00010000 /* Immutability */

#define GPFS_IAFLAG_INDEFRETENT 0x00020000 /* Indefinite retention */
#define GPFS_IAFLAG_SECUREDELETE 0x00040000 /* Secure deletion */

#define GPFS_IAFLAG_TRUNCMANAGED 0x00080000 /* dmapi truncate event enabled */

#define GPFS_IAFLAG_READMANAGED 0x00100000 /* dmapi read event enabled */
#define GPFS_IAFLAG_WRITEMANAGED 0x00200000 /* dmapi write event enabled */

/* Define flags for window’s attributes */

/* Define flags for extended attributes */

/* Define flags for pcache bits defined in the inode */

#define GPFS_ICAFLAG_CACHED 0x0001 // "cached complete"
#define GPFS_ICAFLAG_CREATE 0x0002 // "created"
#define GPFS_ICAFLAG_DIRTY 0x0004 // "data dirty"
#define GPFS_ICAFLAG_LINK 0x0008 // "hard linked"
#define GPFS_ICAFLAG_SETATTR 0x0010 // "attr changed"
#define GPFS_ICAFLAG_LOCAL 0x0020 // "local"
#define GPFS_ICAFLAG_APPEND 0x0040 // "append"
#define GPFS_ICAFLAG_STATE 0x0080 // "has remote state"

Description

The gpfs_iattr64_t structure contains the various attributes of a GPFS inode.

Members
ia_version
The version number of this structure.
ia_reclen
The size of this structure.
ia_checksum
The checksum for this gpfs_iattr structure.
ia_mode
The access mode for this inode.
ia_uid The owner user ID for this inode.
ia_gid
The owner group ID for this inode.

362 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

ia_inode
The file inode number.
ia_gen The inode generation number.
ia_nlink
The number of links for this inode.
ia_size
The file size in bytes.
ia_blocks
The number of 512 byte blocks of disk held by the file.
ia_atime
The time of last access.
ia_winflags
The Windows flags.
ia_mtime
The time of last data modification.
ia_flags
The flags defined for inode attributes.
ia_ctime
The time of last status change.
ia_blocksize
The preferred block size for I/O.
ia_createtime
The creation time.
ia_mask
The initial attribute mask (not used).
ia_etime
The expiration time.
ia_xperm
Indicator - nonzero if file has extended ACL.
ia_dev The ID of the device containing the file.
ia_rdev
The ID of the device.
ia_modsnapid
Internal snapshot ID indicating the last time that the file was modified. Internal snapshot IDs for
the current snapshots are displayed by the mmlssnapshot command.
ia_filesetid
The fileset ID for the inode.
ia_datapoolid
The storage pool ID for data for the inode.
ia_pcacheflags
The pcache inode bits
iaunused [10]
The reserved space.

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 363

Examples

For an example using gpfs_iattr64_t, see /usr/lpp/mmfs/samples/util/tsbackup.C.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

364 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

gpfs_iclose() Subroutine
Closes a file given its inode file handle.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Synopsis
#include <gpfs.h>
int gpfs_iclose(gpfs_ifile_t *ifile);

Description

The gpfs_iclose() subroutine closes an open file descriptor created by gpfs_iopen().

For an overview of using gpfs_iclose() in a backup application, see “Using APIs to develop backup
applications” on page 31.

Note: Compile any program that uses this subroutine with the -lgpfs flag from the following library:
v libgpfs.a for AIX
v libgpfs.so for Linux

Parameters
ifile Pointer to gpfs_ifile_t from gpfs_iopen().

Exit status

If the gpfs_iclose() subroutine is successful, it returns a value of 0.

If the gpfs_iclose() subroutine is unsuccessful, it returns a value of -1 and sets the global error variable
errno to indicate the nature of the error.

Exceptions

None.

Error status
ENOSYS
The gpfs_iclose() subroutine is not available.
EPERM
The caller does not have superuser privileges.
ESTALE
Cached file system information was not valid.

Examples

For an example using gpfs_iclose(), see /usr/lpp/mmfs/samples/util/tsbackup.C.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 365

gpfs_ifile_t Structure
Contains a handle for a GPFS inode.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Structure
typedef struct gpfs_ifile gpfs_ifile_t;

Description

The gpfs_ifile_t structure contains a handle for the file of a GPFS inode.

Members
gpfs_ifile
The handle for the file of a GPFS inode.

Examples

For an example using gpfs_ifile_t, see /usr/lpp/mmfs/samples/util/tsbackup.C.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

366 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

gpfs_igetattrs() Subroutine
Retrieve all extended file attributes in opaque format.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Synopsis
#include <gpfs.h>
int gpfs_igetattrs(gpfs_ifile_t *ifile,
void *buffer,
int bufferSize,
int *attrSize);

Description

The gpfs_igetattrs() subroutine retrieves all extended file attributes in opaque format. This subroutine is
intended for use by a backup program to save all extended file attributes (ACLs, attributes, and so forth).
If the file does not have any extended attributes, the subroutine sets attrSize to zero.

Notes:
1. This call does not return extended attributes used for the Data Storage Management (XDSM) API (also
known as DMAPI).
2. Compile any program that uses this subroutine with the -lgpfs flag from the following library:
v libgpfs.a for AIX
v libgpfs.so for Linux

Parameters
ifile Pointer to gpfs_ifile_t from gpfs_iopen().
buffer Pointer to buffer for returned attributes.
bufferSize
Size of the buffer.
attrSize
Pointer to returned size of attributes.

Exit status

If the gpfs_igetattrs() subroutine is successful, it returns a value of 0.

If the gpfs_igetattrs() subroutine is unsuccessful, it returns a value of -1 and sets the global error variable
errno to indicate the nature of the error.

Exceptions

None.

Error status
ENOSPC
The buffer is too small to return all attributes. Field *attrSizeP will be set to the size necessary.
ENOSYS
The gpfs_igetattrs() subroutine is not available.

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 367

EPERM
The caller does not have superuser privileges.
ESTALE
Cached file system information was not valid.
GPFS_E_INVAL_IFILE
Incorrect ifile parameters.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

368 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

| gpfs_igetattrsx() Subroutine
| This subroutine retrieves all extended file attributes in opaque format, providing the same function as
| gpfs_igetattrs but including a flags parameter that allows the caller to back up and restore DMAPI
| attributes.

| Library

| GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

| Description

| The gpfs_igetattrsx() subroutine retrieves all extended file attributes in opaque format. It provides the
| same function as gpfs_igetattrs but includes a flags parameter that allows the caller to back up and
| restore DMAPI attributes.

| This function is intended for use by a backup program to save (and restore, using the related subroutine
| gpfs_iputattrsx) all extended file attributes (ACLs, user attributes, and so forth) in one call. If the file
| does not have any extended attributes, the subroutine sets attrSize to zero.

| Notes:
| 1. This call can optionally return extended attributes used for the Data Storage Management (XDSM)
| API (also known as DMAPI).
| 2. Compile any program that uses this subroutine with the -lgpfs flag from the following library:
| v libgpfs.a for AIX
| v libgpfs.so for Linux

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 369

| Exit status

| If the gpfs_igetattrsx() subroutine is successful, it returns a value of 0.

| If the gpfs_igetattrsx() subroutine is unsuccessful, it returns a value of -1 and sets the global error
| variable errno to indicate the nature of the error.

| Exceptions

| None.

| Location

| /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

370 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

gpfs_igetfilesetname() Subroutine
Returns the name of the fileset defined by a fileset ID.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Synopsis
#include <gpfs.h>
int gpfs_igetfilesetname(gpfs_iscan_t *iscan,
unsigned int filesetId,
void *buffer,
int bufferSize);

Description

The gpfs_igetfilesetname() subroutine is part of the backup by inode interface. The caller provides a
pointer to the scan descriptor used to obtain the fileset ID. This library routine will return the name of
the fileset defined by the fileset ID. The name is the null-terminated string provided by the administrator
when the fileset was defined. The maximum string length is defined by GPFS_MAXNAMLEN.

Note:
1. This routine is not thread safe. Only one thread at a time is allowed to invoke this routine for the
given scan descriptor.
2. Compile any program that uses this subroutine with the -lgpfs flag from the following library:
v libgpfs.a for AIX
v libgpfs.so for Linux

Parameters
iscan Pointer to gpfs_iscan_t used to obtain the fileset ID.
filesetId
The fileset ID.
buffer Pointer to buffer for returned attributes.
bufferSize
Size of the buffer.

Exit status

If the gpfs_igetfilesetname() subroutine is successful, it returns a value of 0.

If the gpfs_igetfilesetname() subroutine is unsuccessful, it returns a value of -1 and sets the global error
variable errno to indicate the nature of the error.

Exceptions

None.

Error status
E2BIG The buffer is too small to return the fileset name.
EINTR
The call was interrupted. This routine is not thread safe.

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 371

EINVAL
The fileset ID is not valid.
ENOMEM
Unable to allocate memory for the request.
ENOSYS
The gpfs_igetfilesetname() subroutine is not available.
EPERM
The caller does not have superuser privileges.
ESTALE
The cached file system information was not valid.
GPFS_E_INVAL_ISCAN
The iscan parameters were not valid.

Examples
This programming segment gets the fileset name based on the given fileset ID. The returned fileset name
is stored in FileSetNameBuffer, which has a length of FileSetNameSize.
gpfs_iscan_t *fsInodeScanP;
gpfs_igetfilesetname(fsInodeScanP,FileSetId, &FileSetNameBuffer,FileSetNameSize);

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

372 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

gpfs_igetstoragepool() Subroutine
Returns the name of the storage pool for the given storage pool ID.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Synopsis
#include <gpfs.h>
int gpfs_igetstoragepool(gpfs_iscan_t *iscan,
unsigned int dataPoolId,
void *buffer,
int bufferSize);

Description

The gpfs_igetstoragepool() subroutine is part of the backup by inode interface. The caller provides a
pointer to the scan descriptor used to obtain the storage pool ID. This routine returns the name of the
storage pool for the given storage pool ID. The name is the null-terminated string provided by the
administrator when the storage pool was defined. The maximum string length is defined by
GPFS_MAXNAMLEN.

Parameters
iscan Pointer to gpfs_iscan_t used to obtain the storage pool ID.
dataPoolId
The storage pool ID.
buffer Pointer to buffer for returned attributes.
bufferSize
Size of the buffer.

Exit status

If the gpfs_igetstoragepool() subroutine is successful, it returns a value of 0.

If the gpfs_igetstoragepool() subroutine is unsuccessful, it returns a value of -1 and sets the global error
variable errno to indicate the nature of the error.

Exceptions

None.

Error status
E2BIG The buffer is too small to return the storage pool name.

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 373

EINTR
The call was interrupted. This routine is not thread safe.
EINVAL
The storage pool ID is not valid.
ENOMEM
Unable to allocate memory for the request.
ENOSYS
The gpfs_igetstoragepool() subroutine is not available.
EPERM
The caller does not have superuser privileges.
ESTALE
The cached storage pool information was not valid.
GPFS_E_INVAL_ISCAN
The iscan parameters were not valid.

Examples

This programming segment gets the storage pool name based on the given storage pool ID. The returned
storage pool name is stored in StoragePoolNameBuffer which has the length of StoragePoolNameSize.
gpfs_iscan_t *fsInodeScanP;
gpfs_igetstoragepool(fsInodeScanP,StgpoolIdBuffer, &StgpoolNameBuffer,StgpoolNameSize);

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

374 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

gpfs_iopen() Subroutine
Opens a file or directory by inode number.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Synopsis
#include <gpfs.h>
gpfs_ifile_t *gpfs_iopen(gpfs_fssnap_handle_t *fssnapHandle,
gpfs_ino_t ino,
int open_flags,
const gpfs_iattr_t *statxbuf,
const char *symlink);

Description
The gpfs_iopen() subroutine opens a user file or directory for backup. The file is identified by its inode
number ino within the file system or snapshot identified by the fssnapHandle. The fssnapHandle
parameter must be the same one that was used to create the inode scan that returned the inode number
ino.

To read the file or directory, the open_flags must be set to GPFS_O_BACKUP. The statxbuf and symlink
parameters are reserved for future use and must be set to NULL.

For an overview of using gpfs_iopen() in a backup application, see “Using APIs to develop backup
applications” on page 31.

Note: Compile any program that uses this subroutine with the -lgpfs flag from the following library:
v libgpfs.a for AIX
v libgpfs.so for Linux

Parameters
fssnapHandle
File system snapshot handle.
ino inode number.
open_flags
GPFS_O_BACKUP
Read files for backup.
O_RDONLY
For gpfs_iread().
statxbuf
This parameter is reserved for future use and should always be set to NULL.
symlink
This parameter is reserved for future use and should always be set to NULL.

Exit status

If the gpfs_iopen() subroutine is successful, it returns a pointer to the inode's file handle.

If the gpfs_iopen() subroutine is unsuccessful, it returns NULL and the global error variable errno is set
to indicate the nature of the error.
Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 375
Exceptions

None.

Error status
EINVAL
Missing or incorrect parameter.
ENOMEM
Unable to allocate memory for request.
ENOSYS
The gpfs_iopen() subroutine is not available.
EPERM
The caller does not have superuser privileges.
ESTALE
Cached file system information was not valid.
GPFS_E_INVAL_FSSNAPHANDLE
The file system snapshot handle is not valid.

Examples

For an example using gpfs_iopen(), see /usr/lpp/mmfs/samples/util/tsbackup.C.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

376 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

gpfs_iopen64() Subroutine
Opens a file or directory by inode number.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Synopsis
#include <gpfs.h>
gpfs_iopen64(gpfs_fssnap_handle_t *fssnapHandle,
gpfs_ino64_t ino,
int open_flags,
const gpfs_iattr64_t *statxbuf,
const char *symLink);

Description
The gpfs_iopen64() subroutine opens a user file or directory for backup. The file is identified by its inode
number ino within the file system or snapshot identified by the fssnapHandle. The fssnapHandle
parameter must be the same one that was used to create the inode scan that returned the inode number
ino.

To read the file or directory, the open_flags must be set to GPFS_O_BACKUP. The statxbuf and symlink
parameters are reserved for future use and must be set to NULL.

For an overview of using gpfs_iopen64() in a backup application, see “Using APIs to develop backup
applications” on page 31.

Note: Compile any program that uses this subroutine with the -lgpfs flag from the following library:
v libgpfs.a for AIX
v libgpfs.so for Linux

Parameters
fssnapHandle
The file system snapshot handle.
ino The inode number.
open_flags
GPFS_O_BACKUP
Read files for backup.
O_RDONLY
For gpfs_iread().
statxbuf
This parameter is reserved for future use and should always be set to NULL.
symlink
This parameter is reserved for future use and should always be set to NULL.

Exit status

If the gpfs_iopen64() subroutine is successful, it returns a pointer to the inode's file handle.

If the gpfs_iopen64() subroutine is unsuccessful, it returns NULL and the global error variable errno is
set to indicate the nature of the error.
Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 377
Exceptions

None.

Error status
EFORMAT
The file system version number is not valid.
EINVAL
Missing or incorrect parameter.
ENOMEM
Unable to allocate memory for request.
ENOSYS
The gpfs_iopen64() subroutine is not available.
EPERM
The caller does not have superuser privileges.
ESTALE
Cached file system information was not valid.
GPFS_E_INVAL_FSSNAPHANDLE
The file system snapshot handle is not valid.
GPFS_E_INVAL_IATTR
The iattr structure was corrupted.

Note: gpfs_iopen64() calls the standard library subroutines dup(), open(), and malloc(); if one of these
called subroutines returns an error, gpfs_iopen64() also returns that error.

Examples

See the gpfs_iopen() example in /usr/lpp/mmfs/samples/util/tsbackup.C.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

378 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

| gpfs_iputattrsx() Subroutine
| Sets all the extended file attributes for a file.

| Library

| GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

| Description

| The gpfs_iputattrsx() subroutine, together with gpfs_igetattrsx(), is intended for use by a backup
| program to save (gpfs_igetattrsx()) and restore (gpfs_iputattrsx()) all of the extended attributes of a file.
| This subroutine also sets the storage pool for the file and sets data replication to the values that are saved
| in the extended attributes.

| This subroutine can optionally invoke the policy engine to match a RESTORE rule using the file's
| attributes saved in the extended attributes to set the file's storage pool and data replication as when
| calling gpfs_fputattrswithpathname. When used with the policy engine, the caller should include the full
| path to the file, including the file name, to allow rule selection based on file name or path.

| By default, the routine will not use RESTORE policy rules for data placement. The pathName
| paramenter will be ignored and may be set to NULL.

| If the call does not use RESTORE policy rules, or if the file fails to match a RESTORE rule, or if there
| are not RESTORE rules installed, then the storage pool and data replication are selected as when calling
| gpfs_fputattrs().

| The buffer passed in should contain extended attribute data that was obtained by a previous call to
| gpfs_fgetattrs.

| Note: This call will restore extended attributes used for the Data Storage Management (XDSM) API (also
| known as DMAPI) if they are present in the buffer.

| Note: Compile any program that uses this subroutine with the -lgpfs flag from the following library:
| v libgpfs.a for AIX
| v libgpfs.so for Linux

| Parameters
| ifile A pointer to gpfs_ifile_t from gpfs_iopen.
| flags Flags must have one of these three values:
| GPFS_ATTRFLAG_NO_PLACEMENT
| File attributes are restored, but the storage pool and data replication are unchanged.
| GPFS_ATTRFLAG_IGNORE_POOL
| File attributes are restored, but the storage pool and data replication are selected by
| matching the saved attributes to a placement rule instead of restoring the saved storage
| pool.

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 379

| GPFS_ATTRFLAG_USE_POLICY
| File attributes are restored, but the storage pool and data replication are selected by
| matching the saved attributes to a RESTORE rule instead of restoring the saved storage
| pool.
| buffer A pointer to the buffer containing the extended attributes for the file.
| pathName
| A pointer to a file path and file name. NULL is a valid value for pathName.

| Note: pathName is a UTF-8 encoded string. On Windows, applications can convert UTF-16
| (Unicode) to UTF-8 using the platform's WideCharToMultiByte function.

| Exit status

| If the gpfs_iputattrsx() subroutine is successful, it returns a value of 0.

| If the gpfs_iputattrsx() subroutine is unsuccessful, it returns a value of -1 and sets the global error
| variable errno to indicate the nature of the error.

| Exceptions

| None.

| Location

| /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

380 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

gpfs_iread() Subroutine
Reads a file opened by gpfs_iopen().

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Synopsis
#include <gpfs.h>
int gpfs_iread(gpfs_ifile_t *ifile,
void *buffer,
int bufferSize,
gpfs_off64_t *offset);

Description

The gpfs_iread() subroutine reads data from the file indicated by the ifile parameter returned from
gpfs_iopen(). This subroutine reads data beginning at parameter offset and continuing for bufferSize
bytes into the buffer specified by buffer. If successful, the subroutine returns a value that is the length of
the data read, and sets parameter offset to the offset of the next byte to be read. A return value of 0
indicates end-of-file.

For an overview of using gpfs_iread() in a backup application, see “Using APIs to develop backup
applications” on page 31.

Note: Compile any program that uses this subroutine with the -lgpfs flag from the following library:
v libgpfs.a for AIX
v libgpfs.so for Linux

Parameters
ifile Pointer to gpfs_ifile_t from gpfs_iopen().
buffer Buffer for the data to be read.
bufferSize
Size of the buffer (that is, the amount of data to be read).
offset Offset of where within the file to read. If gpfs_iread() is successful, offset is updated to the next
byte after the last one that was read.

Exit status

If the gpfs_iread() subroutine is successful, it returns the number of bytes read.

If the gpfs_iread() subroutine is unsuccessful, it returns a value of -1 and sets the global error variable
errno to indicate the nature of the error.

Exceptions

None.

Error status
EISDIR
The specified file is a directory.

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 381

EINVAL
Missing or incorrect parameter.
ENOSYS
The gpfs_iread() subroutine is not available.
EPERM
The caller does not have superuser privileges.
ESTALE
Cached file system information was not valid.
GPFS_E_INVAL_IFILE
Incorrect ifile parameter.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

382 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

gpfs_ireaddir() Subroutine
Reads the next directory entry.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Synopsis
#include <gpfs.h>
int gpfs_ireaddir(gpfs_ifile_t *idir,
const gpfs_direntx_t **dirent);

Description

The gpfs_ireaddir() subroutine returns the next directory entry in a file system. For an overview of using
gpfs_ireaddir() in a backup application, see “Using APIs to develop backup applications” on page 31.

Note: Compile any program that uses this subroutine with the -lgpfs flag from the following library:
v libgpfs.a for AIX
v libgpfs.so for Linux

Parameters
idir Pointer to gpfs_ifile_t from gpfs_iopen().
dirent Pointer to returned pointer to directory entry.

Exit status

If the gpfs_ireaddir() subroutine is successful, it returns a value of 0 and sets the dirent parameter to
point to the returned directory entry. If there are no more GPFS directory entries, gpfs_ireaddir() returns
a value of 0 and sets the dirent parameter to NULL.

If the gpfs_ireaddir() subroutine is unsuccessful, it returns a value of -1 and sets the global error variable
errno to indicate the nature of the error.

Exceptions

None.

Error status
ENOMEM
Unable to allocate memory for request.
ENOSYS
The gpfs_ireaddir() subroutine is not available.
ENOTDIR
File is not a directory.
EPERM
The caller does not have superuser privileges.
ESTALE
The cached file system information was not valid.
GPFS_E_INVAL_IFILE
Incorrect ifile parameter.
Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 383
Examples

For an example using gpfs_ireaddir(), see /usr/lpp/mmfs/samples/util/tsbackup.C.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

384 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

gpfs_ireaddir64() Subroutine
Reads the next directory entry.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Synopsis
#include <gpfs.h>
gpfs_ireaddir64(gpfs_ifile_t *idir,
const gpfs_direntx64_t **dirent);

Description

The gpfs_ireaddir64() subroutine returns the next directory entry in a file system. For an overview of
using gpfs_ireaddir64() in a backup application, see “Using APIs to develop backup applications” on
page 31.

Note: Compile any program that uses this subroutine with the -lgpfs flag from the following library:
v libgpfs.a for AIX
v libgpfs.so for Linux

Parameters
idir A pointer to gpfs_ifile_t from gpfs_iopen64().
dirent A pointer to the returned pointer to the directory entry.

Exit status

If the gpfs_ireaddir64() subroutine is successful, it returns a value of 0 and sets the dirent parameter to
point to the returned directory entry. If there are no more GPFS directory entries, gpfs_ireaddir64()
returns a value of 0 and sets the dirent parameter to NULL.

If the gpfs_ireaddir64() subroutine is unsuccessful, it returns a value of -1 and sets the global error
variable errno to indicate the nature of the error.

Exceptions

None.

Error status
ENOMEM
Unable to allocate memory for request.
ENOSYS
The gpfs_ireaddir64() subroutine is not available.
ENOTDIR
File is not a directory.
EPERM
The caller does not have superuser privileges.
ESTALE
The cached file system information was not valid.

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 385

GPFS_E_INVAL_IFILE
Incorrect ifile parameter.

Examples

See the gpfs_ireaddir() example in /usr/lpp/mmfs/samples/util/tsbackup.C.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

386 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

gpfs_ireadlink() Subroutine
Reads a symbolic link by inode number.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Synopsis
#include <gpfs.h>
int gpfs_ireadlink(gpfs_fssnap_handle_t *fssnapHandle,
gpfs_ino_t ino,
char *buffer,
int bufferSize);

Description

The gpfs_ireadlink() subroutine reads a symbolic link by inode number. Like gpfs_iopen(), it uses the
same fssnapHandle parameter that was used by the inode scan.

Note: Compile any program that uses this subroutine with the -lgpfs flag from the following library:
v libgpfs.a for AIX
v libgpfs.so for Linux

Parameters
fssnapHandle
File system snapshot handle.
ino inode number of the link file to read.
buffer Pointer to buffer for the returned link data.
bufferSize
Size of the buffer.

Exit status

If the gpfs_ireadlink() subroutine is successful, it returns the number of bytes read.

If the gpfs_ireadlink() subroutine is unsuccessful, it returns a value of -1 and sets the global error
variable errno to indicate the nature of the error.

Exceptions

None.

Error status
EINVAL
Missing or incorrect parameter.
ENOENT
No such file or directory.
ENOMEM
Unable to allocate memory for request.
ENOSYS
The gpfs_ireadlink() subroutine is not available.

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 387

EPERM
The caller does not have superuser privileges.
ERANGE
On AIX, the buffer is too small to return the symbolic link.
ESTALE
Cached file system information was not valid.
GPFS_E_INVAL_FSSNAPHANDLE
The file system snapshot handle is not valid.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

388 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

gpfs_ireadlink64() Subroutine
Reads a symbolic link by inode number.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Synopsis
#include <gpfs.h>
gpfs_ireadlink64(gpfs_fssnap_handle_t *fssnapHandle,
gpfs_ino64_t ino,
char *buffer,
int bufferSize);

Description

The gpfs_ireadlink64() subroutine reads a symbolic link by inode number. Like gpfs_iopen64(), it uses
the same fssnapHandle parameter that was used by the inode scan.

Note: Compile any program that uses this subroutine with the -lgpfs flag from the following library:
v libgpfs.a for AIX
v libgpfs.so for Linux

Parameters
fssnapHandle
The file system snapshot handle.
ino The inode number of the link file to read.
buffer A pointer to buffer for the returned link data.
bufferSize
The size of the buffer.

Exit status

If the gpfs_ireadlink64() subroutine is successful, it returns the number of bytes read.

If the gpfs_ireadlink64() subroutine is unsuccessful, it returns a value of -1 and sets the global error
variable errno to indicate the nature of the error.

Exceptions

None.

Error status
EINVAL
Missing or incorrect parameter.
ENOENT
No such file or directory.
ENOMEM
Unable to allocate memory for the request.
ENOSYS
The gpfs_ireadlink64() subroutine is not available.

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 389

EPERM
The caller does not have superuser privileges.
ERANGE
On AIX, the buffer is too small to return the symbolic link.
ESTALE
The cached file system information was not valid.
GPFS_E_INVAL_FSSNAPHANDLE
The file system snapshot handle is not valid.

Note: gpfs_ireadlink64() calls the standard library subroutine readlink(); if this called subroutine returns
an error, gpfs_ireadlink64() also returns that error.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

390 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

gpfs_ireadx() Subroutine
Performs block level incremental read of a file within an incremental inode scan.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Synopsis
#include <gpfs.h>
gpfs_off64_t gpfs_ireadx(gpfs_ifile_t *ifile,
gpfs_iscan_t *iscan,
void *buffer,
int bufferSize,
gpfs_off64_t *offset,
gpfs_off64_t termOffset,
int *hole);

Description
The gpfs_ireadx() subroutine performs a block level incremental read on a file opened by gpfs_iopen()
within a given incremental scan opened using gpfs_open_inodescan().

For an overview of using gpfs_ireadx() in a backup application, see “Using APIs to develop backup
applications” on page 31.

The gpfs_ireadx() subroutines returns the data that has changed since the prev_fssnapId specified for the
inode scan. The file is scanned starting at offset and terminating at termOffset, looking for changed data.
Once changed data is located, the offset parameter is set to its location, the new data is returned in the
buffer provided, and the amount of data returned is the subroutine's value.

If the change to the data is that it has been deleted (that is, the file has been truncated), no data is
returned, but the hole parameter is returned with a value of 1, and the size of the hole is returned as the
subroutine's value. The returned size of the hole may exceed the bufferSize provided. If no changed data
was found before reaching the termOffset or the end-of-file, then the gpfs_ireadx() subroutine return
value is 0.

Block level incremental backups are not available on small files (a file size smaller than the file system
block size), directories, or if the file has been deleted. The gpfs_ireadx() subroutine can still be used, but
it returns all of the file's data, operating like the standard gpfs_iread() subroutine. However, the
gpfs_ireadx() subroutine will still identify sparse files and explicitly return information on holes in the
files, rather than returning the NULL data.

Note: Compile any program that uses this subroutine with the -lgpfs flag from the following library:
v libgpfs.a for AIX
v libgpfs.so for Linux

Parameters
ifile Pointer to gpfs_ifile_t returned from gpfs_iopen().
iscan Pointer to gpfs_iscan_t from gpfs_open_inodescan().
buffer Pointer to buffer for returned data, or NULL to query the next increment to be read.
bufferSize
Size of buffer for returned data.

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 391

offset On input, the offset to start the scan for changes. On output, the offset of the changed data, if any
was detected.
termOffset
Read terminates before reading this offset. The caller may specify ia_size from the file's
gpfs_iattr_t or 0 to scan the entire file.
hole Pointer to a flag returned to indicated a hole in the file. A value of 0 indicates that the
gpfs_ireadx() subroutine returned data in the buffer. A value of 1 indicates that gpfs_ireadx()
encountered a hole at the returned offset.

Exit status

If the gpfs_ireadx() subroutine is successful, it returns the number of bytes read and returned in bufP, or
the size of the hole encountered in the file.

If the gpfs_ireadx() subroutine is unsuccessful, it returns a value of -1 and sets the global error variable
errno to indicate the nature of the error.

Exceptions

None.

Error status
EDOM
The file system stripe ID from the iscanId does not match the ifile's.
EINVAL
Missing or incorrect parameter.
EISDIR
The specified file is a directory.
ENOMEM
Unable to allocate memory for request.
ENOSYS
The gpfs_ireadx() subroutine is not available.
EPERM
The caller does not have superuser privileges.
ERANGE
The file system snapshot ID from the iscanId is more recent than the ifile's.
ESTALE
Cached file system information was not valid.
GPFS_E_INVAL_IFILE
Incorrect ifile parameter.
GPFS_E_INVAL_ISCAN
Incorrect iscan parameter.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

392 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

gpfs_iscan_t Structure
Contains a handle for an inode scan of a GPFS file system or snapshot.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Structure
typedef struct gpfs_iscan gpfs_iscan_t;

Description

The gpfs_iscan_t structure contains a handle for an inode scan of a GPFS file system or snapshot.

Members
gpfs_iscan
The handle for an inode scan for a GPFS file system or snapshot.

Examples

For an example using gpfs_iscan_t, see /usr/lpp/mmfs/samples/util/tsbackup.C.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 393

gpfs_next_inode() Subroutine
Retrieves the next inode from the inode scan.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Synopsis
#include <gpfs.h>
int gpfs_next_inode(gpfs_iscan_t *iscan,
gpfs_ino_t termIno,
const gpfs_iattr_t **iattr);

Description

The gpfs_next_inode() subroutine obtains the next inode from the specified inode scan and sets the iattr
pointer to the inode's attributes. The termIno parameter can be used to terminate the inode scan before
the last inode in the file system or snapshot being scanned. A value of 0 may be provided to indicate the
last inode in the file system or snapshot. If there are no more inodes to be returned before the
termination inode, the gpfs_next_inode() subroutine returns a value of 0 and the inode's attribute pointer
is set to NULL.

For an overview of using gpfs_next_inode() in a backup application, see “Using APIs to develop backup
applications” on page 31.

To generate a full backup, invoke gpfs_open_inodescan() with NULL for the prev_fssnapId parameter.
Repeated invocations of gpfs_next_inode() then return inode information about all existing user files,
directories and links, in inode number order.

To generate an incremental backup, invoke gpfs_next_inode() with the fssnapId that was obtained from
a fssnapHandle at the time the previous backup was created. The snapshot that was used for the
previous backup does not need to exist at the time the incremental backup is generated. That is, the
backup application needs to remember only the fssnapId of the previous backup; the snapshot itself can
be deleted as soon as the backup is completed.

For an incremental backup, only inodes of files that have changed since the specified previous snapshot
will be returned. Any operation that changes the file's mtime or ctime is considered a change and will
cause the file to be included. Files with no changes to the file's data or file attributes, other than a change
to atime, are omitted from the scan.

Incremental backups return deleted files, but full backups do not. A deleted file is indicated by the field
ia_nlinks having a value of 0.

Note: Compile any program that uses this subroutine with the -lgpfs flag from the following library:
v libgpfs.a for AIX
v libgpfs.so for Linux

Parameters
iscan Pointer to the inode scan handle.
termIno
The inode scan terminates before this inode number. The caller may specify maxIno from
gpfs_open_inodescan() or zero to scan the entire inode file.
iattr Pointer to the returned pointer to the inode's iattr.

394 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Exit status

If the gpfs_next_inode() subroutine is successful, it returns a value of 0 and a pointer. The pointer points
to NULL if there are no more inodes. Otherwise, the pointer points to the returned inode's attributes.

If the gpfs_next_inode() subroutine is unsuccessful, it returns a value of -1 and sets the global error
variable errno to indicate the nature of the error.

Exceptions

None.

Error status
ENOMEM
Unable to allocate memory for request.
ENOSYS
The gpfs_next_inode() subroutine is not available.
EPERM
The caller does not have superuser privileges.
ESTALE
Cached file system information was not valid.
GPFS_E_INVAL_ISCAN
Incorrect parameters.

Examples

For an example using gpfs_next_inode(), see /usr/lpp/mmfs/samples/util/tsbackup.C.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 395

gpfs_next_inode64() Subroutine
Retrieves the next inode from the inode scan.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Synopsis
#include <gpfs.h>
gpfs_next_inode64(gpfs_iscan_t *iscan,
gpfs_ino64_t termIno,
const gpfs_iattr64_t **iattr);

Description

The gpfs_next_inode64() subroutine obtains the next inode from the specified inode scan and sets the
iattr pointer to the inode's attributes. The termIno parameter can be used to stop the inode scan before
the last inode in the file system or snapshot being scanned. A value of 0 can be provided to indicate the
last inode in the file system or snapshot. If there are no more inodes to be returned before the
termination inode, the gpfs_next_inode64() subroutine returns a value of 0 and the inode's attribute
pointer is set to NULL.

For an overview of using gpfs_next_inode64() in a backup application, see “Using APIs to develop
backup applications” on page 31.

To generate a full backup, invoke gpfs_open_inodescan64() with NULL for the prev_fssnapId parameter.
Repeated invocations of gpfs_next_inode64() returns inode information about all existing user files,
directories, and links in inode number order.

To generate an incremental backup, invoke gpfs_next_inode64() with the fssnapId that was obtained
from a fssnapHandle at the time the previous backup was created. The snapshot that was used for the
previous backup does not need to exist at the time the incremental backup is generated. That is, the
backup application needs to remember only the fssnapId of the previous backup; the snapshot itself can
be deleted as soon as the backup is completed.

Incremental backups return deleted files, but full backups do not. A deleted file is indicated by the field
ia_nlinks having a value of 0.

Note: Compile any program that uses this subroutine with the -lgpfs flag from the following library:
v libgpfs.a for AIX
v libgpfs.so for Linux

Parameters
iscan A pointer to the inode scan handle.
termIno
The inode scan terminates before this inode number. The caller may specify maxIno from
gpfs_open_inodescan64() or zero to scan the entire inode file.
iattr A pointer to the returned pointer to the inode's iattr.

396 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Exit status

If the gpfs_next_inode64() subroutine is successful, it returns a value of 0 and a pointer. The pointer
points to NULL if there are no more inodes. Otherwise, the pointer points to the returned inode's
attributes.

If the gpfs_next_inode64() subroutine is unsuccessful, it returns a value of -1 and sets the global error
variable errno to indicate the nature of the error.

Exceptions

None.

Error status
ENOMEM
Unable to allocate memory for request.
ENOSYS
The gpfs_next_inode64() subroutine is not available.
EPERM
The caller does not have superuser privileges.
ESTALE
The cached file system information was not valid.
GPFS_E_INVAL_ISCAN
Incorrect parameters.

Examples

See the gpfs_next_inode() example in /usr/lpp/mmfs/samples/util/tsbackup.C.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 397

gpfs_next_inode_with_xattrs() Subroutine
Retrieves the next inode and its extended attributes from the inode scan.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Synopsis
#include <gpfs.h>
gpfs_next_inode_with_xattrs(gpfs_iscan_t *iscan,
gpfs_ino_t termIno,
const gpfs_iattr_t **iattr,
const char **xattrBuf,
unsigned int *xattrBufLen);

Description
The gpfs_next_inode_with_xattrs() subroutine retrieves the next inode and its extended attributes from
the inode scan. The set of extended attributes returned are defined when the inode scan was opened. The
scan stops before the last inode that was specified or the last inode in the inode file being scanned.

The data returned by gpfs_next_inode() is overwritten by subsequent calls to gpfs_next_inode(),

gpfs_seek_inode(), or gpfs_stat_inode().

The termIno parameter provides a way to partition an inode scan so it can be run on more than one
node.

The returned values for xattrBuf and xattrBufLen must be provided to gpfs_next_xattr() to obtain the
extended attribute names and values. The buffer used for the extended attributes is overwritten by
subsequent calls to gpfs_next_inode(), gpfs_seek_inode(), or gpfs_stat_inode().

The returned pointers to the extended attribute name and value will be aligned to a double-word
boundary.

Parameters
iscan A pointer to the inode scan descriptor.
termIno
The inode scan stops before this inode number. The caller can specify maxIno from
gpfs_open_inodescan() or zero to scan the entire inode file.
iattr A pointer to the returned pointer to the file's iattr.
xattrBuf
A pointer to the returned pointer to the xiattr buffer.
xattrBufLen
The returned length of the xiattr buffer.

Exit status

If the gpfs_next_inode_with_xattrs() subroutine is successful, it returns a value of 0 and iattr is set to

point to gpfs_iattr_t. The pointer points to NULL if there are no more inodes, otherwise, the pointer
points to gpfs_iattr_t.

If the gpfs_next_inode_with_xattrs() subroutine is unsuccessful, it returns a value of -1 and sets the

global error variable errno to NULL to indicate the nature of the error.

398 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Exceptions

None.

Error status
EFAULT
The buffer data was overwritten.
ENOMEM
The buffer is too small, unable to allocate memory for request.
ENOSYS
The gpfs_next_inode_with_xattrs() subroutine is not available.
EPERM
The caller does not have superuser privileges.
ESTALE
The cached file system information was not valid.
GPFS_E_INVAL_ISCAN
Incorrect parameters.
GPFS_E_INVAL_XATTR
Incorrect parameters.

Examples

For an example using gpfs_next_inode_with_xattrs(), see /usr/lpp/mmfs/samples/util/tsinode.c.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 399

gpfs_next_inode_with_xattrs64() Subroutine
Retrieves the next inode and its extended attributes from the inode scan.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Synopsis
#include <gpfs.h>
gpfs_next_inode_with_xattrs64(gpfs_iscan_t *iscan,
gpfs_ino64_t termIno,
const gpfs_iattr64_t **iattr,
const char **xattrBuf,
unsigned int *xattrBufLen);

Description
The gpfs_next_inode_with_xattrs64() subroutine retrieves the next inode and its extended attributes from
the inode scan. The set of extended attributes returned are defined when the inode scan was opened. The
scan stops before the last inode that was specified or the last inode in the inode file being scanned.

The data returned by gpfs_next_inode64() is overwritten by subsequent calls to gpfs_next_inode64(),

gpfs_seek_inode64(), or gpfs_stat_inode64().

The termIno parameter provides a way to partition an inode scan so it can be run on more than one
node.

The returned pointers to the extended attribute name and value will be aligned to a double-word
boundary.

Parameters
iscan A pointer to the inode scan descriptor.
termIno
The inode scan stops before this inode number. The caller can specify maxIno from
gpfs_open_inodescan64() or zero to scan the entire inode file.
iattr A pointer to the returned pointer to the file's iattr.
xattrBuf
A pointer to the returned pointer to the xiattr buffer.
xattrBufLen
The returned length of the xiattr buffer.

Exit status

If the gpfs_next_inode_with_xattrs64() subroutine is successful, it returns a value of 0 and iattr is set to

point to gpfs_iattr_t. The pointer points to NULL if there are no more inodes, otherwise, the pointer
points to gpfs_iattr_t.

If the gpfs_next_inode_with_xattrs64() subroutine is unsuccessful, it returns a value of -1 and sets the

global error variable errno to NULL to indicate the nature of the error.

400 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Exceptions

None.

Error status
EFAULT
The buffer data was overwritten.
ENOMEM
Unable to allocate memory for request.
ENOSYS
The gpfs_next_inode_with_xattrs64() subroutine is not available.
EPERM
The caller does not have superuser privileges.
ESTALE
The cached file system information was not valid.
GPFS_E_INVAL_ISCAN
Incorrect parameters.
GPFS_E_INVAL_XATTR
Incorrect parameters.

Examples

See the gpfs_next_inode_with_xattrs() example in /usr/lpp/mmfs/samples/util/tsbackup.C.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 401

gpfs_next_xattr() Subroutine
Returns individual attributes and their values

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Synopsis
#include <gpfs.h>
gpfs_next_xattr(gpfs_iscan_t *iscan,
const char **xattrBuf,
unsigned int *xattrBufLen,
const char **name,
unsigned int *valueLen,
const char **value);

Description

The gpfs_next_xattr() subroutine iterates over the extended attributes buffer returned by the
gpfs_next_inode_with_xattrs() or gpfs_next_inode_with_xattrs64() subroutine to return the individual
attributes and their values. The attribute names are null-terminated strings, whereas the attribute value
contains binary data.

Note: The caller is not allowed to modify the returned attribute names or values. The data returned by
gpfs_next_xattr() might be overwritten by subsequent calls to gpfs_next_xattr() or other GPFS library
calls.

Parameters
iscan A pointer to the inode descriptor.
xattrBuf
A pointer to the pointer to the attribute buffer.
xattrBufLen
A pointer to the attribute buffer length.
name A pointer to the attribute name.
valueLen
A pointer to the length of the attribute value.
value A pointer to the attribute value.

Exit status

If the gpfs_next_xattr() subroutine is successful, it returns a value of 0 and a pointer to the attribute
name. It also sets:
v The valueLen parameter to the length of the attribute value
v The value parameter to point to the attribute value
v The xattrBufLen parameter to the remaining length of buffer
v The xattrBuf parameter to index the next attribute in buffer

If the gpfs_next_xattr() subroutine is successful, but there are no more attributes in the buffer, it returns a
value of 0 and the attribute name is set to NULL. It also sets:
v The valueLen parameter to 0
v The value parameter to NULL

402 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

v The xattrBufLen parameter to 0
v The xattrBuf parameter to NULL

If the gpfs_next_xattr() subroutine is unsuccessful, it returns a value of -1 and sets the global error
variable errno to indicate the nature of the error.

Exceptions

None.

Error status
EINVAL
Incorrect parameters.
ENOSYS
The gpfs_next_xattr() subroutine is not available.

Examples

For an example using gpfs_next_xattr(), see /usr/lpp/mmfs/samples/util/tsinode.c.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 403

gpfs_opaque_acl_t Structure
Contains buffer mapping for the gpfs_getacl() and gpfs_putacl() subroutines.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Structure
typedef struct
{
int acl_buffer_len;
unsigned short acl_version;
unsigned char acl_type;
char acl_var_data[1];
} gpfs_opaque_acl_t;

Description

The gpfs_opaque_acl_t structure contains size, version, and ACL type information for the gpfs_getacl()
and gpfs_putacl() subroutines.

Members
acl_buffer_len
On input, this field must be set to the total length, in bytes, of the data structure being passed to
GPFS. On output, this field contains the actual size of the requested information. If the initial size
of the buffer is not large enough to contain all of the information, the gpfs_getacl() invocation
must be repeated with a larger buffer.
acl_version
This field contains the current version of the GPFS internal representation of the ACL. On input
to the gpfs_getacl() subroutine, set this field to zero.
acl_type
On input to the gpfs_getacl() subroutine, set this field to either GPFS_ACL_TYPE_ACCESS or
GPFS_ACL_TYPE_DEFAULT, depending on which ACL is requested. These constants are
defined in the gpfs.h header file.
acl_var_data
This field signifies the beginning of the remainder of the ACL information.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

404 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

gpfs_open_inodescan() Subroutine
Opens an inode scan of a file system or snapshot.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Synopsis
#include <gpfs.h>
gpfs_iscan_t *gpfs_open_inodescan
(gpfs_fssnap_handle_t *fssnapHandle,
const gpfs_fssnap_id_t *prev_fssnapId,
gpfs_ino_t *maxIno);

Description

The gpfs_open_inodescan() subroutine opens a scan of the inodes in the file system or snapshot
identified by the fssnapHandle parameter. The scan traverses all user files, directories and links in the
file system or snapshot. The scan begins with the user file with the lowest inode number and returns the
files in increasing order. The gpfs_seek_inode() subroutine may be used to set the scan position to an
arbitrary inode. System files, such as the block allocation maps, are omitted from the scan. The file
system must be mounted to open an inode scan.

For an overview of using gpfs_open_inodescan() in a backup application, see “Using APIs to develop
backup applications” on page 31.

To generate an incremental backup, invoke gpfs_open_inodescan() with the fssnapId that was obtained
from a fssnapHandle at the time the previous backup was created. The snapshot that was used for the
previous backup does not need to exist at the time the incremental backup is generated. That is, the
backup application needs to remember only the fssnapId of the previous backup; the snapshot itself can
be deleted as soon as the backup is completed.

For the incremental backup, any operation that changes the file's mtime or ctime causes the file to be
included. Files with no changes to the file's data or file attributes, other than a change to atime, are
omitted from the scan.

A full inode scan (prev_fssnapId set to NULL) does not return any inodes of nonexistent or deleted files,
but an incremental inode scan (prev_fssnapId not NULL) does return inodes for files that have been
deleted since the previous snapshot. The inodes of deleted files have a link count of zero.

If the snapshot indicated by prev_fssnapId is available, the caller may benefit from the extended read
subroutine, gpfs_ireadx(), which returns only the changed blocks within the files. Without the previous
snapshot, all blocks within the changed files are returned.

Once a full or incremental backup completes, the new_fssnapId must be saved in order to reuse it on a
subsequent incremental backup. This fssnapId must be provided to the gpfs_open_inodescan()
subroutine, as the prev_fssnapId input parameter.

Note:
1. Compile any program that uses this subroutine with the -lgpfs flag from the following library:
v libgpfs.a for AIX

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 405

v libgpfs.so for Linux

Parameters
fssnapHandle
File system snapshot handle.
prev_fssnapId
Pointer to file system snapshot ID or NULL. If prev_fssnapId is provided, the inode scan returns
only the files that have changed since the previous backup. If the pointer is NULL, the inode scan
returns all user files.
maxIno
Pointer to inode number or NULL. If provided, gpfs_open_inodescan() returns the maximum
inode number in the file system or snapshot being scanned.

Exit status

If the gpfs_open_inodescan() subroutine is successful, it returns a pointer to an inode scan handle.

If the gpfs_open_inodescan() subroutine is unsuccessful, it returns a NULL pointer and the global error
variable errno is set to indicate the nature of the error.

Exceptions

None.

Error status
EDOM
The file system snapshot ID passed for prev_fssnapId is from a different file system.
EINVAL
Incorrect parameters.
ENOMEM
Unable to allocate memory for request.
ENOSYS
The gpfs_open_inodescan() subroutine is not available.
EPERM
The caller does not have superuser privileges.
ERANGE
The prev_fssnapId parameter is the same as or more recent than snapId being scanned.
ESTALE
Cached file system information was not valid.
GPFS_E_INVAL_FSSNAPHANDLE
The file system snapshot handle is not valid.
GPFS_E_INVAL_FSSNAPID
The file system snapshot ID passed for prev_fssnapId is not valid.

Examples

For an example using gpfs_open_inodescan(), see /usr/lpp/mmfs/samples/util/tsbackup.C.

406 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 407

gpfs_open_inodescan64() Subroutine
Opens an inode scan of a file system or snapshot.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Synopsis
#include <gpfs.h>
gpfs_open_inodescan64(gpfs_fssnap_handle_t *fssnapHandle,
const gpfs_fssnap_id_t *prev_fssnapId,
gpfs_ino64_t *maxIno);

Description

The gpfs_open_inodescan64() subroutine opens a scan of the inodes in the file system or snapshot
identified by the fssnapHandle parameter. The scan traverses all user files, directories and links in the
file system or snapshot. The scan begins with the user file with the lowest inode number and returns the
files in increasing order. The gpfs_seek_inode64() subroutine may be used to set the scan position to an
arbitrary inode. System files, such as the block allocation maps, are omitted from the scan. The file
system must be mounted to open an inode scan.

For an overview of using gpfs_open_inodescan64() in a backup application, see “Using APIs to develop
backup applications” on page 31.

To generate an incremental backup, invoke gpfs_open_inodescan64() with the fssnapId that was
obtained from a fssnapHandle at the time the previous backup was created. The snapshot that was used
for the previous backup does not need to exist at the time the incremental backup is generated. That is,
the backup application needs to remember only the fssnapId of the previous backup; the snapshot itself
can be deleted as soon as the backup is completed.

Once a full or incremental backup completes, the new_fssnapId must be saved in order to reuse it on a
subsequent incremental backup. This fssnapId must be provided to the gpfs_open_inodescan64()
subroutine, as the prev_fssnapId input parameter.

Note: Compile any program that uses this subroutine with the -lgpfs flag from the following library:
v libgpfs.a for AIX
v libgpfs.so for Linux

408 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Exit status

If the gpfs_open_inodescan64() subroutine is successful, it returns a pointer to an inode scan handle.

If the gpfs_open_inodescan64() subroutine is unsuccessful, it returns a NULL pointer and the global error
variable errno is set to indicate the nature of the error.

Exceptions

None.

Error status
EDOM
The file system snapshot ID passed for prev_fssnapId is from a different file system.
EINVAL
Incorrect parameters.
ENOMEM
Unable to allocate memory for request.
ENOSYS
The gpfs_open_inodescan64() subroutine is not available.
EPERM
The caller does not have superuser privileges.
ERANGE
The prev_fssnapId parameter is the same as or more recent than snapId being scanned.
ESTALE
The cached file system information was not valid.
GPFS_E_INVAL_FSSNAPHANDLE
The file system snapshot handle is not valid.
GPFS_E_INVAL_FSSNAPID
The file system snapshot ID passed for prev_fssnapId is not valid.

Note: gpfs_open_inodescan64() calls the standard library subroutines dup() and malloc(); if one of these
called subroutines returns an error, gpfs_open_inodescan64() also returns that error.

Examples

See the gpfs_open_inodescan() example in /usr/lpp/mmfs/samples/util/tsbackup.C.

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 409

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

410 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

gpfs_open_inodescan_with_xattrs() Subroutine
Opens an inode file and extended attributes for an inode scan.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Synopsis
#include <gpfs.h>
gpfs_open_inodescan_with_xattrs(gpfs_fssnap_handle_t *fssnapHandle,
const gpfs_fssnap_id_t *prev_fssnapId,
int nxAttrs,
const char *xattrsList[],
gpfs_ino_t *maxIno);

Description
The gpfs_open_inodescan_with_xattrs() subroutine opens an inode file and extended attributes for an
inode scan identified by the fssnapHandle parameter. The scan traverses all user files, directories and
links in the file system or snapshot. The scan begins with the user file with the lowest inode number and
returns the files in increasing order. The gpfs_seek_inode() subroutine can be used to set the scan
position to an arbitrary inode. System files, such as the block allocation maps, are omitted from the scan.
The file system must be mounted to open an inode scan.

For an overview of using gpfs_open_inodescan_with_xattrs() in a backup application, see “Using APIs to

develop backup applications” on page 31.

To generate a full backup, invoke gpfs_open_inodescan_with_xattrs() with NULL for the prev_fssnapId
parameter. Repeated invocations of gpfs_next_inode() returns inode information about all existing user
files, directories, and links in inode number order.

To generate an incremental backup, invoke gpfs_open_inodescan_with_xattrs() with the fssnapId that

was obtained from a fssnapHandle at the time the previous backup was created. The snapshot that was
used for the previous backup does not need to exist at the time the incremental backup is generated. That
is, the backup application needs to remember only the fssnapId of the previous backup; the snapshot
itself can be deleted as soon as the backup is completed.

A full inode scan (prev_fssnapId set to NULL) returns all inodes of existing files. An incremental inode
scan (prev_fssnapId not NULL) returns inodes for files that have changed since the previous snapshot.
The inodes of deleted files have a link count of zero.

Once a full or incremental backup completes, the new_fssnapId must be saved in order to reuse it on a
subsequent incremental backup. This fssnapId must be provided to the
gpfs_open_inodescan_with_xattrs() subroutine, as the prev_fssnapId input parameter.

Note: Compile any program that uses this subroutine with the -lgpfs flag from the following library:
v libgpfs.a for AIX

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 411

v libgpfs.so for Linux

Parameters
fssnapHandle
The file system snapshot handle.
prev_fssnapId
A pointer to file system snapshot ID or NULL. If prev_fssnapId is provided, the inode scan
returns only the files that have changed since the previous backup. If the pointer is NULL, the
inode scan returns all user files.
nxAttrs
The count of extended attributes to be returned. If nxAttrs is set to 0, call returns no extended
attributes, like gpfs_open_inodescan(). If nxAttrs is set to -1, call returns all extended attributes
xattrsList
A pointer to an array of pointers to names of extended attributes to be returned. nxAttrsList may
be null if nxAttrs is set to 0 or -1.
maxIno
A pointer to inode number or NULL. If provided, gpfs_open_inodescan_with_xattrs() returns the
maximum inode number in the file system or snapshot being scanned.

Exit status

If the gpfs_open_inodescan_with_xattrs() subroutine is successful, it returns a pointer to gpfs_iscan_t.

If the gpfs_open_inodescan_with_xattrs() subroutine is unsuccessful, it returns a NULL pointer and the

global error variable errno is set to indicate the nature of the error.

Exceptions

None.

Error status
EDOM
The file system snapshot ID passed for prev_fssnapId is from a different file system.
EINVAL
Incorrect parameters.
ENOMEM
Unable to allocate memory for request.
ENOSYS
The gpfs_open_inodescan_with_xattrs() subroutine is not available.
EPERM
The caller does not have superuser privileges.
ERANGE
The prev_fssnapId parameter is the same as or more recent than snapId being scanned.
ESTALE
The cached file system information was not valid.
GPFS_E_INVAL_FSSNAPHANDLE
The file system snapshot handle is not valid.
GPFS_E_INVAL_FSSNAPID
The file system snapshot ID passed for prev_fssnapId is not valid.

412 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Note: gpfs_open_inodescan_with_xattrs() calls the standard library subroutines dup() and malloc(); if
one of these called subroutines returns an error, gpfs_open_inodescan_with_xattrs() also returns that
error.

Examples

For an example using gpfs_open_inodescan_with_xattrs(), see /usr/lpp/mmfs/samples/util/tsinode.c.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 413

gpfs_open_inodescan_with_xattrs64() Subroutine
Opens an inode file and extended attributes for an inode scan.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Synopsis
#include <gpfs.h>
gpfs_open_inodescan_with_xattrs64(gpfs_fssnap_handle_t *fssnapHandle,
const gpfs_fssnap_id_t *prev_fssnapId,
int nxAttrs,
const char *xattrList[],
gpfs_ino64_t *maxIno);

Description
The gpfs_open_inodescan_with_xattrs64() subroutine opens an inode file and extended attributes for an
inode scan identified by the fssnapHandle parameter. The scan traverses all user files, directories and
links in the file system or snapshot. The scan begins with the user file with the lowest inode number and
returns the files in increasing order. The gpfs_seek_inode64() subroutine may be used to set the scan
position to an arbitrary inode. System files, such as the block allocation maps, are omitted from the scan.
The file system must be mounted to open an inode scan.

For an overview of using gpfs_open_inodescan_with_xattrs64() in a backup application, see “Using APIs

to develop backup applications” on page 31.

To generate a full backup, invoke gpfs_open_inodescan_with_xattrs64() with NULL for the

prev_fssnapId parameter. Repeated invocations of gpfs_next_inode64() returns inode information about
all existing user files, directories, and links in inode number order.

To generate an incremental backup, invoke gpfs_open_inodescan_with_xattrs64() with the fssnapId that

Once a full or incremental backup completes, the new_fssnapId must be saved in order to reuse it on a
subsequent incremental backup. This fssnapId must be provided to the
gpfs_open_inodescan_with_xattrs64() subroutine, as the prev_fssnapId input parameter.

Note: Compile any program that uses this subroutine with the -lgpfs flag from the following library:
v libgpfs.a for AIX

414 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

v libgpfs.so for Linux

Parameters
fssnapHandle
The file system snapshot handle.
prev_fssnapId
A pointer to file system snapshot ID or NULL. If prev_fssnapId is provided, the inode scan
returns only the files that have changed since the previous backup. If the pointer is NULL, the
inode scan returns all user files.
nxAttrs
The count of extended attributes to be returned. If nxAttrs is set to 0, call returns no extended
attributes, like gpfs_open_inodescan64(). If nxAttrs is set to -1, call returns all extended attributes
xattrsList
A pointer to an array of pointers to names of extended attributes to be returned. nxAttrsList may
be null if nxAttrs is set to 0 or -1.
maxIno
A pointer to inode number or NULL. If provided, gpfs_open_inodescan_with_xattrs64() returns
the maximum inode number in the file system or snapshot being scanned.

Exit status

If the gpfs_open_inodescan_with_xattrs64() subroutine is successful, it returns a pointer to gpfs_iscan_t.

If the gpfs_open_inodescan_with_xattrs64() subroutine is unsuccessful, it returns a NULL pointer and

the global error variable errno is set to indicate the nature of the error.

Exceptions

None.

Error status
EDOM
The file system snapshot ID passed for prev_fssnapId is from a different file system.
EINVAL
Incorrect parameters.
ENOMEM
Unable to allocate memory for request.
ENOSYS
The gpfs_open_inodescan_with_xattrs64() subroutine is not available.
EPERM
The caller does not have superuser privileges.
ERANGE
The prev_fssnapId parameter is the same as or more recent than snapId being scanned.
ESTALE
The cached file system information was not valid.
GPFS_E_INVAL_FSSNAPHANDLE
The file system snapshot handle is not valid.
GPFS_E_INVAL_FSSNAPID
The file system snapshot ID passed for prev_fssnapId is not valid.

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 415

Note: gpfs_open_inodescan_with_xattrs64() calls the standard library subroutines dup() and malloc(); if
one of these called subroutines returns an error, gpfs_open_inodescan_with_xattrs64() also returns that
error.

Examples

See the gpfs_open_inodescan_with_xattrs() example in /usr/lpp/mmfs/samples/util/tsinode.c.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

416 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

gpfs_prealloc() Subroutine
Pre-allocates disk storage for a GPFS file.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Synopsis
#include <gpfs.h>
int gpfs_prealloc(int fileDesc, offset_t StartOffset,
offset_t BytesToPrealloc)

Description

The gpfs_prealloc() subroutine is used to preallocate disk storage for a file that has already been opened,
prior to writing data to the file. The pre-allocated disk storage is started at the requested offset,
StartOffset, and covers at least the number of bytes requested, BytesToPrealloc. Allocations are rounded
to GPFS sub-block boundaries.

Pre-allocating disk space for a file provides an efficient method for allocating storage without having to
write any data. This can result in faster I/O compared to a file which gains disk space incrementally as it
grows.

Existing data in the file is not modified. Reading any of the pre-allocated blocks returns zeroes.

Note: Compile any program that uses this subroutine with the -lgpfs flag from the following library:
v libgpfs.a for AIX
v libgpfs.so for Linux

Parameters
fileDesc
An integer specifying the file descriptor returned by open().
The file designated for preallocation must be opened for writing.
StartOffset
The byte offset into the file at which to begin pre-allocation.
BytesToPrealloc
The number of bytes to be pre-allocated.

Exit status

If the gpfs_prealloc() subroutine is successful, it returns a value of 0.

If the gpfs_prealloc() subroutine is unsuccessful, it returns a value of -1 and sets the global error variable
errno to indicate the nature of the error. If errno is set to one of the following, some storage may have
been pre-allocated:
v EDQUOT
v ENOSPC

The only way to tell how much space was actually pre-allocated is to invoke the stat() subroutine and
compare the reported file size and number of blocks used with their values prior to preallocation.

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 417

Exceptions

None.

Error status
EACCES
The file is not opened for writing.
EBADF
The file descriptor is not valid.
EDQUOT
A disk quota has been exceeded
EINVAL
The file descriptor does not refer to a GPFS file or a regular file; a negative value was specified
for StartOffset or BytesToPrealloc.
ENOSPC
The file system has run out of disk space.
ENOSYS
The gpfs_prealloc() subroutine is not supported under the current file system format.

Examples
#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <gpfs.h>

int rc;
int fileHandle = -1;
char* fileNameP = "datafile";
offset_t startOffset = 0;
offset_t bytesToAllocate = 20*1024*1024; /* 20 MB */

fileHandle = open(fileNameP, O_RDWR|O_CREAT, 0644);

if (fileHandle < 0)
{
perror(fileNameP);
exit(1);
}

rc = gpfs_prealloc(fileHandle, startOffset, bytesToAllocate);

if (rc < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Error %d preallocation at %lld for %lld in %s\n",
errno, startOffset, bytesToAllocate, fileNameP);
exit(1);
}

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

418 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

gpfs_putacl() Subroutine
Restores the access control information for a GPFS file.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Synopsis
#include <gpfs.h>
int gpfs_putacl(char *pathname, int flags, void *aclP)

Description

The gpfs_putacl() subroutine together with the gpfs_getacl() subroutine is intended for use by a backup
program to save (gpfs_getacl()) and restore (gpfs_putacl()) the ACL information for the file.

Note:
1. The use of gpfs_fgetattrs() and gpfs_fputattrs() is preferred.
2. You must have write access to the file.
3. Compile any program that uses this subroutine with the -lgpfs flag from the following library:
v libgpfs.a for AIX
v libgpfs.so for Linux

Parameters
pathname
Path name of the file for which the ACLs is to be set.
flags Consists of one of these values:
0 Indicates that the aclP parameter is to be mapped with the gpfs_opaque_acl_t struct.
The gpfs_opaque_acl_t struct should be used by backup and restore programs.
GPFS_PUTACL_STRUCT
Indicates that the aclP parameter is to be mapped with the gpfs_acl_t struct.
The gpfs_acl_t struct is provided for applications that need to change the ACL.
aclP Pointer to a buffer mapped by the structure gpfs_opaque_acl_t or gpfs_acl_t, depending on the
value of flags.
This is where the ACL data is stored, and should be the result of a previous invocation of
gpfs_getacl().

Exit status

If the gpfs_putacl() subroutine is successful, it returns a value of 0.

If the gpfs_putacl() subroutine is unsuccessful, it returns a value of -1 and sets the global error variable
errno to indicate the nature of the error.

Exceptions

None.

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 419

Error status
EINVAL
The path name does not refer to a GPFS file or a regular file.
ENOMEM
Unable to allocate memory for request.
ENOSYS
The gpfs_putacl() subroutine is not supported under the current file system format.
ENOTDIR
File is not a directory.

Location
/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

420 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

gpfs_quotactl() Subroutine
Manipulates disk quotas on file systems.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Synopsis
#include <gpfs.h>
int gpfs_quotactl(char *pathname, int cmd, int id, void *bufferP);

Description

The gpfs_quotactl() subroutine manipulates disk quotas. It enables, disables, and manipulates disk quotas
for file systems on which quotas have been enabled.

Note: Compile any program that uses this subroutine with the -lgpfs flag from the following library:
v libgpfs.a for AIX
v libgpfs.so for Linux

Parameters
pathname
Specifies the path name of any file within the mounted file system to which the quota control
command is to applied.
cmd Specifies the quota control command to be applied and whether it is applied to a user, group, or
fileset quota.
The cmd parameter can be constructed using GPFS_QCMD(qcmd, Type) contained in gpfs.h.
The qcmd parameter specifies the quota control command. The Type parameter specifies one of
the following quota types:
v user (GPFS_USRQUOTA)
v group (GPFS_GRPQUOTA)
v fileset (GPFS_FILESETQUOTA)
The valid values for the qcmd parameter specified in gpfs.h are:
Q_QUOTAON
Enables quotas.
Enables disk quotas for the file system specified by the pathname parameter and type
specified in Type. The id and bufferP parameters are unused. Root user authority is
required to enable quotas.
Q_QUOTAOFF
Disables quotas.
Disables disk quotas for the file system specified by the pathname parameter and type
specified in Type. The id and bufferP parameters are unused. Root user authority is
required to disable quotas.
Q_GETQUOTA
Gets quota limits and usage information.
Retrieves quota limits and current usage for a user, group, or fileset specified by the id
parameter. The bufferP parameter points to a gpfs_quotaInfo_t structure to hold the
returned information. The gpfs_quotaInfo_t structure is defined in gpfs.h.

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 421

Root authority is required if the id value is not the current id (user id for
GPFS_USRQUOTA, group id for GPFS_GRPQUOTA) of the caller.
Q_SETQUOTA
Sets quota limits
Sets disk quota limits for a user, group, or fileset specified by the id parameter. The
bufferP parameter points to a gpfs_quotaInfo_t structure containing the new quota
limits. The gpfs_quotaInfo_t structure is defined in gpfs.h. Root user authority is
required to set quota limits.
Q_SETUSE
Sets quota usage
Sets disk quota usage for a user, group, or fileset specified by the id parameter. The
bufferP parameter points to a gpfs_quotaInfo_t structure containing the new quota
usage. The gpfs_quotaInfo_t structure is defined in gpfs.h. Root user authority is
required to set quota usage.
Q_SYNC
Synchronizes the disk copy of a file system quota
Updates the on disk copy of quota usage information for a file system. The id and
bufferP parameters are unused. Root user authority is required to synchronize a file
system quota.
id Specifies the user, group, or fileset ID to which the quota control command applies. The id
parameters is interpreted by the specified quota type.
bufferP
Points to the address of an optional, command-specific data structure that is copied in or out of
the system.

Exit status

If the gpfs_quotactl() subroutine is successful, it returns a value of 0.

If the gpfs_quotactl() subroutine is unsuccessful, it returns a value of -1 and sets the global error variable
errno to indicate the nature of the error.

Exceptions

None.

Error status
EACCES
Search permission is denied for a component of a path prefix.
EFAULT
An invalid bufferP parameter is supplied. The associated structure could not be copied in or out
of the kernel.
EINVAL
One of the following errors:
v The file system is not mounted.
v Invalid command or quota type.
v Invalid input limits: negative limits or soft limits are greater than hard limits.
ENOENT
No such file or directory.

422 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

EPERM
The quota control command is privileged and the caller did not have root user authority.
GPFS_E_NO_QUOTA_INST
The file system does not support quotas. This is the actual errno generated by GPFS.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 423

gpfs_quotaInfo_t Structure
Contains buffer mapping for the gpfs_quotactl() subroutine.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Structure
typedef struct gpfs_quotaInfo
{
gpfs_off64_t blockUsage; /* current block count */
gpfs_off64_t blockHardLimit; /* absolute limit on disk blks alloc */
gpfs_off64_t blockSoftLimit; /* preferred limit on disk blks */
gpfs_off64_t blockInDoubt; /* distributed shares + "lost" usage for blks */
int inodeUsage; /* current # allocated inodes */
int inodeHardLimit; /* absolute limit on allocated inodes */
int inodeSoftLimit; /* preferred inode limit */
int inodeInDoubt; /* distributed shares + "lost" usage for inodes */
gpfs_uid_t quoId; /* uid, gid or fileset id
int entryType; /* entry type, not used */
unsigned int blockGraceTime; /* time limit for excessive disk use */
unsigned int inodeGraceTime; /* time limit for excessive inode use */
} gpfs_quotaInfo_t;

Description

The gpfs_quotaInfo_t structure contains detailed information for the gpfs_quotactl() subroutine.

Members
blockUsage
The current block count in 1 KB units.
blockHardLimit
The absolute limit on disk block allocation.
blockSoftLimit
The preferred limit on disk block allocation.
blockInDoubt
The distributed shares and block usage that have not been not accounted for.
inodeUsage
The current number of allocated inodes.
inodeHardLimit
The absolute limit on allocated inodes.
inodeSoftLimit
The preferred inode limit.
inodeInDoubt
The distributed inode share and inode usage that have not been accounted for.
quoId The user ID, group ID, or fileset ID.
entryType
Not used
blockGraceTime
The time limit (in seconds since the Epoch) for excessive disk use.

424 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

inodeGraceTime
The time limit (in seconds since the Epoch) for excessive inode use.

Epoch is midnight on January 1, 1970 UTC (Coordinated Universal Time).

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 425

gpfs_seek_inode() Subroutine
Advances an inode scan to the specified inode number.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Synopsis
#include <gpfs.h>
int gpfs_seek_inode(gpfs_iscan_t *iscan,
gpfs_ino_t ino);

Description

The gpfs_seek_inode() subroutine advances an inode scan to the specified inode number.

The gpfs_seek_inode() subroutine is used to start an inode scan at some place other than the beginning
of the inode file. This is useful to restart a partially completed backup or an interrupted dump transfer to
a mirror. It could also be used to do an inode scan in parallel from multiple nodes, by partitioning the
inode number space into separate ranges for each participating node. The maximum inode number is
returned when the scan was opened and each invocation to obtain the next inode specifies a termination
inode number to avoid returning the same inode more than once.

Note: Compile any program that uses this subroutine with the -lgpfs flag from the following library:
v libgpfs.a for AIX
v libgpfs.so for Linux

Parameters
iscan Pointer to the inode scan handle.
ino The next inode number to be scanned.

Exit status

If the gpfs_seek_inode() subroutine is successful, it returns a value of 0.

If the gpfs_seek_inode() subroutine is unsuccessful, it returns a value of -1 and sets the global error
variable errno to indicate the nature of the error.

Exceptions

None.

Error status
ENOSYS
The gpfs_seek_inode() subroutine is not available.
GPFS_E_INVAL_ISCAN
Incorrect parameters.

Examples

For an example using gpfs_seek_inode(), see /usr/lpp/mmfs/samples/util/tsinode.c.

426 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 427

gpfs_seek_inode64() Subroutine
Advances an inode scan to the specified inode number.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Synopsis
#include <gpfs.h>
gpfs_seek_inode64(gpfs_iscan_t *iscan,
gpfs_ino64_t ino);

Description

The gpfs_seek_inode64() subroutine advances an inode scan to the specified inode number.

The gpfs_seek_inode64() subroutine is used to start an inode scan at some place other than the beginning
of the inode file. This is useful to restart a partially completed backup or an interrupted dump transfer to
a mirror. It could also be used to do an inode scan in parallel from multiple nodes, by partitioning the
inode number space into separate ranges for each participating node. The maximum inode number is
returned when the scan was opened and each invocation to obtain the next inode specifies a termination
inode number to avoid returning the same inode more than once.

Note: Compile any program that uses this subroutine with the -lgpfs flag from the following library:
v libgpfs.a for AIX
v libgpfs.so for Linux

Parameters
iscan A pointer to the inode scan handle.
ino The next inode number to be scanned.

Exit status

If the gpfs_seek_inode64() subroutine is successful, it returns a value of 0.

If the gpfs_seek_inode64() subroutine is unsuccessful, it returns a value of -1 and sets the global error
variable errno to indicate the nature of the error.

Exceptions

None.

Error status
ENOSYS
The gpfs_seek_inode64() subroutine is not available.
GPFS_E_INVAL_ISCAN
Incorrect parameters.

Examples

See the gpfs_seek_inode() example in /usr/lpp/mmfs/samples/util/tsinode.c.

428 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 429

gpfs_stat() Subroutine
Returns exact file status for a GPFS file.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Synopsis
#include <gpfs.h>
int gpfs_stat(char *pathName, struct stat64 *Buffer)

Description

The gpfs_stat() subroutine is used to obtain exact information about the file named by the pathName
parameter. This subroutine is provided as an alternative to the stat() subroutine, which may not provide
exact mtime and atime values. See “Exceptions to Open Group technical standards” on page 467.

Note: Compile any program that uses this subroutine with the -lgpfs flag from the following library:
v libgpfs.a for AIX
v libgpfs.so for Linux

Parameters
pathName
The path identifying the file for which exact status information is requested.
Buffer A pointer to the stat64 structure in which the information is returned. The stat64 structure is
described in the sys/stat.h file.

Exit status

If the gpfs_stat() subroutine is successful, it returns a value of 0.

If the gpfs_stat() subroutine is unsuccessful, it returns a value of -1 and sets the global error variable
errno to indicate the nature of the error.

Exceptions

None.

Error status
EINVAL
The path name does not refer to a GPFS file or a regular file.
ENOENT
The file does not exist.
ENOSYS
The gpfs_stat() subroutine is not supported under the current file system format.
ESTALE
The cached file system information was not valid.

430 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 431

gpfs_stat_inode() Subroutine
Seeks the specified inode and retrieves that inode and its extended attributes from the inode scan.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Synopsis
#include <gpfs.h>
gpfs_stat_inode(gpfs_iscan_t *iscan,
gpfs_ino_t ino,
gpfs_ino_t termIno,
const gpfs_iattr_t **iattr);

Description

The gpfs_stat_inode() subroutine is used to seek the specified inode and to retrieve that inode and its
extended attributes from the inode scan. This subroutine combines gpfs_seek_inode and get_next_inode,
but will only return the specified inode.

The data returned by gpfs_next_inode is overwritten by subsequent calls to gpfs_next_inode(),

gpfs_seek_inode(), or gpfs_stat_inode().

The termIno parameter provides a way to partition an inode scan so it can be run on more than one
node. It is only used by this call to control prefetching.

Note: Compile any program that uses this subroutine with the -lgpfs flag from the following library:
v libgpfs.a for AIX
v libgpfs.so for Linux

Parameters
iscan A pointer to an inode scan descriptor.
ino The inode number to be returned.
termIno
Prefetches inodes up to this inode. The caller might specify maxIno from gpfs_open_inodescan()
or 0 to allow prefetching over the entire inode file.
iattr A pointer to the returned pointer to the file's iattr.

Exit status

If the gpfs_stat_inode() subroutine is successful, it returns a value of 0 and the iattr parameter is set to
point to gpfs_iattr_t. If the gpfs_stat_inode() subroutine is successful, but there are no more inodes
before the termIno parameter, or if the requested inode does not exist, it returns a value of 0 and the iattr
parameter is set to NULL.

If the gpfs_stat_inode() subroutine is unsuccessful, it returns a value of -1 and sets the global error
variable errno to indicate the nature of the error.

Exceptions

None.

432 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Error status
EPERM
The caller must have superuser privilege.
ENOSYS
The gpfs_stat_inode() subroutine is not supported under the current file system format.
ESTALE
The cached file system information was not valid.
ENOMEM
The buffer is too small.
GPFS_E_INVAL_ISCAN
Incorrect parameters.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 433

gpfs_stat_inode64() Subroutine
Seeks the specified inode and retrieves that inode and its extended attributes from the inode scan.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Synopsis
#include <gpfs.h>
gpfs_stat_inode64(gpfs_iscan_t *iscan,
gpfs_ino64_t ino,
gpfs_ino64_t termIno,
const gpfs_iattr64_t **iattr);

Description

The gpfs_stat_inode64() subroutine is used to seek the specified inode and to retrieve that inode and its
extended attributes from the inode scan. This subroutine combines gpfs_seek_inode64() and
get_next_inode64(), but will only return the specified inode.

The data returned by gpfs_next_inode64() is overwritten by subsequent calls to gpfs_next_inode64(),

gpfs_seek_inode64(), or gpfs_stat_inode64().

The termIno parameter provides a way to partition an inode scan so it can be run on more than one
node. It is only used by this call to control prefetching.

Note: Compile any program that uses this subroutine with the -lgpfs flag from the following library:
v libgpfs.a for AIX
v libgpfs.so for Linux

Exit status

If the gpfs_stat_inode64() subroutine is successful, it returns a value of 0 and the iattr parameter is set to
point to gpfs_iattr_t.

If the gpfs_stat_inode64() subroutine is unsuccessful, it returns a value of -1 and sets the global error
variable errno to indicate the nature of the error.

Exceptions

None.

434 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 435

gpfs_stat_inode_with_xattrs() Subroutine
Seeks the specified inode and retrieves that inode and its extended attributes from the inode scan.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Synopsis
#include <gpfs.h>
gpfs_stat_inode_with_xattrs(gpfs_iscan_t *iscan,
gpfs_ino_t ino,
gpfs_ino_t termIno,
const gpfs_iattr_t **iattr,
const char **xattrBuf,
unsigned int *xattrBufLen);

Description

The gpfs_stat_inode_with_xattrs() subroutine is used to seek the specified inode and to retrieve that
inode and its extended attributes from the inode scan. This subroutine combines gpfs_seek_inode and
get_next_inode, but will only return the specified inode.

The data returned by gpfs_next_inode is overwritten by subsequent calls to gpfs_next_inode(),

gpfs_seek_inode(), or gpfs_stat_inode_with_xattrs().

The termIno parameter provides a way to partition an inode scan such that it can be run on more than
one node. It is only used by this call to control prefetching.

Note: Compile any program that uses this subroutine with the -lgpfs flag from the following library:
v libgpfs.a for AIX
v libgpfs.so for Linux

436 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Exit status

If the gpfs_stat_inode_with_xattrs() subroutine is successful, it returns a value of 0 and the iattr

parameter is set to point to gpfs_iattr_t. If the gpfs_stat_inode_with_xattrs() subroutine is successful, but
there are no more inodes before the termIno parameter, or if the requested inode does not exist, it returns
a value of 0 and the iattr parameter is set to NULL.

If the gpfs_stat_inode_with_xattrs() subroutine is unsuccessful, it returns a value of -1 and sets the global
error variable errno to indicate the nature of the error.

Exceptions

None.

Error status
EPERM
The caller must have superuser privilege.
ENOSYS
The gpfs_stat_inode_with_xattrs() subroutine is not supported under the current file system
format.
ESTALE
The cached file system information was not valid.
ENOMEM
The buffer is too small.
GPFS_E_INVAL_ISCAN
Incorrect parameters.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 437

gpfs_stat_inode_with_xattrs64() Subroutine
Seeks the specified inode and retrieves that inode and its extended attributes from the inode scan.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Synopsis
#include <gpfs.h>
gpfs_stat_inode_with_xattrs64(gpfs_iscan_t *iscan,
gpfs_ino64_t ino,
gpfs_ino64_t termIno,
const gpfs_iattr64_t **iattr,
const char **xattrBuf,
unsigned int *xattrBufLen);

Description

The gpfs_stat_inode_with_xattrs64() subroutine is used to seek the specified inode and to retrieve that
inode and its extended attributes from the inode scan. This subroutine combines gpfs_seek_inode64()
and get_next_inode64(), but will only return the specified inode.

The data returned by get_next_inode64() is overwritten by subsequent calls to gpfs_next_inode64(),

gpfs_seek_inode64(), or gpfs_stat_inode_with_xattrs64().

The termIno parameter provides a way to partition an inode scan so it can be run on more than one
node. It is only used by this call to control prefetching.

Note: Compile any program that uses this subroutine with the -lgpfs flag from the following library:
v libgpfs.a for AIX
v libgpfs.so for Linux

Parameters
iscan A pointer to an inode scan descriptor.
ino The inode number to be returned.
termIno
Prefetches inodes up to this inode. The caller might specify maxIno from
gpfs_open_inodescan64() or 0 to allow prefetching over the entire inode file.
iattr A pointer to the returned pointer to the file's iattr.
xattrBuf
A pointer to the returned pointer to the xattr buffer.
xattrBufLen
The returned length of the xattr buffer.

Exit status

If the gpfs_stat_inode_with_xattrs64() subroutine is successful, it returns a value of 0 and the iattr

parameter is set to point to gpfs_iattr_t. If the gpfs_stat_inode_with_xattrs64() subroutine is successful,

438 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

but there are no more inodes before the termIno parameter, or if the requested inode does not exist, it
returns a value of 0 and the iattr parameter is set to NULL.

If the gpfs_stat_inode_with_xattrs64() subroutine is unsuccessful, it returns a value of -1 and sets the

global error variable errno to indicate the nature of the error.

Exceptions

None.

Error status
EPERM
The caller must have superuser privilege.
ENOSYS
The gpfs_stat_inode_with_xattrs64() subroutine is not supported under the current file system
format.
ESTALE
The cached file system information was not valid.
ENOMEM
The buffer is too small.
GPFS_E_INVAL_ISCAN
Incorrect parameters.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 439

gpfsAccessRange_t Structure
Declares an access range within a file for an application.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Structure
typedef struct
{
int structLen;
int structType;
offset_t start;
offset_t length;
int isWrite;
char padding[4];
} gpfsAccessRange_t;

Description

The gpfsAccessRange_t structure declares an access range within a file for an application.

The application accesses file offsets within the given range, and does not access offsets outside the range.
Violating this hint may produce worse performance than if no hint was specified.

This hint is useful in situations where a file is partitioned coarsely among several nodes. If the ranges do
not overlap, each node can specify which range of the file it accesses. This provides a performance
improvement in some cases, such as for sequential writing within a range.

Subsequent GPFS_ACCESS_RANGE hints replace a hint passed earlier.

Members
structLen
Length of the gpfsAccessRange_t structure.
structType
Structure identifier GPFS_ACCESS_RANGE.
start The start of the access range offset, in bytes, from beginning of file.
length Length of the access range.
0 indicates to end of file.
isWrite
0 indicates read access.
1 indicates write access.
padding[4]
Provided to make the length of the gpfsAccessRange_t structure a multiple of 8 bytes in length.
There is no need to initialize this field.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

440 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

gpfsCancelHints_t Structure
Indicates to remove any hints against the open file handle.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Structure
typedef struct
{
int structLen;
int structType;
} gpfsCancelHints_t;

Description

The gpfsCancelHints_t structure indicates to remove any hints against the open file handle.

GPFS removes any hints that may have been issued against this open file handle:
v The hint status of the file is restored to what it would have been immediately after being opened, but
does not affect the contents of the GPFS file cache. Cancelling an earlier hint that resulted in data being
removed from the GPFS file cache does not bring that data back into the cache. Data reenters the cache
only upon access by the application or by user-driven or automatic prefetching.
v Only the GPFS_MULTIPLE_ACCESS_RANGE hint has a state that might be removed by the
GPFS_CANCEL_HINTS directive.

Note: This directive cancels only the effect of other hints, not other directives.

Members
structLen
Length of the gpfsCancelHints_t structure.
structType
Structure identifier GPFS_CANCEL_HINTS.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 441

gpfsClearFileCache_t Structure
Indicates file access in the near future is not expected.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Structure
typedef struct
{
int structLen;
int structType;
} gpfsClearFileCache_t;

Description

The gpfsClearFileCache_t structure indicates file access in the near future is not expected.

The application does not expect to make any further accesses to the file in the near future, so GPFS
removes any data or metadata pertaining to the file from its cache.

Multiple node applications that have finished one phase of their computation may want to use this hint
before the file is accessed in a conflicting mode from another node in a later phase. The potential
performance benefit is that GPFS can avoid later synchronous cache consistency operations.

Members
structLen
Length of the gpfsClearFileCache_t structure.
structType
Structure identifier GPFS_CLEAR_FILE_CACHE.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

442 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

gpfsDataShipMap_t Structure
Indicates which agent nodes are to be used for data shipping.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Structure
#define GPFS_MAX_DS_AGENT_NODES 2048
typedef struct
{
int structLen;
int structType;
int partitionSize;
int agentCount;
int agentNodeNumber[GPFS_MAX_DS_AGENT_NODES]
} gpfsDataShipMap_t;

Description

The gpfsDataShipMap_t structure indicates which agent nodes are to be used for data shipping.

GPFS recognizes which agent nodes to use for data shipping:

v This directive can only appear in a gpfs_fcntl() subroutine that also gives the
GPFS_DATA_SHIP_START directive.
v If any of the participating threads include an explicit agent mapping with this directive, all threads
must provide the same agent mapping, or else GPFS returns EINVAL in errno. If this directive is not
used, the agents are exactly the nodes on which the GPFS_DATA_SHIP_START directive was given.
The order of these nodes in the mapping is random. Once the order is set, when all instances have
issued the GPFS_DATA_SHIP_START directive, the partitioning of the blocks is round robin among
the agent nodes.
v All of the nodes named in the data shipping mapping must also be data shipping clients that have
issued the GPFS_DATA_SHIP_START directive. The reason for this is that GPFS, like most file
systems, does not guarantee that data is written through to disk immediately after a write call from an
application, or even after a close returns. Thus, cached data can be lost if a node crashes. Data loss can
only occur, however, if the node that crashes is the node that wrote the data.
With data shipping, this property is no longer true. Any node crash in the collective of nodes can cause
loss of data. An application running with a file in data shipping mode writes data by shipping it to the
GPFS cache on an agent node. That agent node may later crash before writing the data to disk. The
originating node may not receive, pay attention to, or realize the severity of an error message.
Presumably, a distributed application would notice a crash of one of the nodes on which it was
running and would take corrective action, such as rolling back to an earlier stable checkpoint or
deleting a corrupt output file. By requiring that all agent nodes also have at least one data shipping
client, GPFS makes it such that at least one of the nodes of a distributed application will crash if there
is the potential for data loss because of an agent node crash. If any of the data shipping client nodes
suffers a node or GPFS crash, the file will be taken out of data shipping mode.

The value for partitionSize must be a multiple of the number of bytes in a single file system block.

Members
structLen
Length of the gpfsDataShipMap_t structure.
structType
Structure identifier GPFS_DATA_SHIP_MAP.

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 443

partitionSize
The number of contiguous bytes per server.
This value must be a multiple of the number of bytes in a single file system block.
agentCount
The number of entries in the agentNodeNumber array.
agentNodeNumber array
The data ship agent node numbers assigned by GPFS and displayed with the mmlscluster
command.

Error status
EINVAL
Not all participating threads have provided the same agent mapping.
ENOMEM
The available data space in memory is not large enough to allocate the data structures necessary
to run in data shipping mode.
EPERM
An attempt to open a file in data shipping mode that is already open in write mode by some
thread that did not issue the GPFS_DATA_SHIP_START directive.
ESTALE
A node in the data shipping collective has gone down.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

444 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

gpfsDataShipStart_t Structure
Initiates data shipping mode.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Structure
typedef struct
{
int structLen;
int structType;
int numInstances;
int reserved;
} gpfsDataShipStart_t;

Description

The gpfsDataShipStart_t structure initiates data shipping mode.

Once all participating threads have issued this directive for a file, GPFS enters a mode where it logically
partitions the blocks of the file among a group of agent nodes. The agents are those nodes on which one
or more threads have issued the GPFS_DATA_SHIP_START directive. Each thread that has issued a
GPFS_DATA_SHIP_START directive and the associated agent nodes are referred to as the data shipping
collective.

In data shipping mode:

v All file accesses result in GPFS messages to the appropriate agents to read or write the requested data.
v The GPFS_DATA_SHIP_START directive is a blocking collective operation. That is, every thread that
intends to access the file through data shipping must issue the GPFS_DATA_SHIP_START directive
with the same value of numInstances. These threads all block within their gpfs_fcntl() subroutines
until all numInstances threads have issued the GPFS_DATA_SHIP_START directive.
v The number of threads that issue the GPFS_DATA_SHIP_START directive does not have to be the
same on all nodes. However, each thread must use a different file handle. The default agent mapping
can be overridden using the GPFS_DATA_SHIP_MAP directive.
v Applications that perform a fine-grained write, sharing across several nodes, should benefit most from
data shipping. The reason for this is that the granularity of GPFS cache consistency is an entire file
block, which rarely matches the record size of applications. Without using data shipping, when several
nodes simultaneously write into the same block of a file, even non-overlapping parts of the block,
GPFS serially grants, and then releases, permission to write into the block to each node in turn. Each
permission change requires dirty cached data on the relinquishing node to be flushed to disk, yielding
poor performance. Data shipping avoids this overhead by moving data to the node that already has
permission to write into the block rather than migrating access permission to the node trying to write
the data.
However, since most data accesses are remote in data shipping mode, clients do not benefit from
caching as much in data shipping mode as they would if data shipping mode were not in effect. The
cost to send a message to another instance of GPFS to fetch or write data is much higher than the cost
of accessing that data through the local GPFS buffer cache. Thus, whether or not a particular
application benefits from data shipping is highly dependent on its access pattern and its degree of
block sharing.
v Another case where data shipping can help performance is when multiple nodes must all append data
to the current end of the file. If all of the participating threads open their instances with the
O_APPEND flag before initiating data shipping, one of the participating nodes is chosen as the agent
to which all appends are shipped. The aggregate performance of all the appending nodes is limited to

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 445

the throughput of a single node in this case, but should still exceed what the performance would have
been for appending small records without using data shipping.

Data shipping mode imposes several restrictions on file usage:

v Because an application level read or write may be split across several agents, POSIX read and write
file atomicity is not enforced while in data shipping mode.
v A file in data shipping mode cannot be written through any file handle that was not associated with
the data shipping collective through a GPFS_DATA_SHIP_START directive.
v Calls that are not allowed on a file that has data shipping enabled:
– chmod
– fchmod
– chown
– fchown
– link

The GPFS_DATA_SHIP_START directive exits cleanly only when cancelled by a

GPFS_DATA_SHIP_STOP directive. If all threads issue a close for the file, it is taken out of data
shipping mode but errors are also returned.

Members
structLen
Length of the gpfsDataShipStart_t structure.
structType
Structure identifier GPFS_DATA_SHIP_START
numInstances
The number of open file instances, on all nodes, collaborating to operate on the file.
reserved
This field is currently not used.
For compatibility with future versions of GPFS, set this field to zero.

Recovery

Since GPFS_DATA_SHIP_START directives block their invoking threads until all participants respond
accordingly, there needs to be a way to recover if the application program uses the wrong value for
numInstances or one of the participating nodes crashes before issuing its GPFS_DATA_SHIP_START
directive. While a gpfs_fcntl() subroutine is blocked waiting for other threads, the subroutine can be
interrupted by any signal. If a signal is delivered to any of the waiting subroutines, all waiting subroutine
on every node are interrupted and return EINTR. GPFS does not establish data shipping if such a signal
occurs.

It is the responsibility of the application to mask off any signals that might normally occur while waiting
for another node in the data shipping collective. Several libraries use SIGALRM; the thread that makes
the gpfs_fcntl() invocation should use sigthreadmask to mask off delivery of this signal while inside the
subroutine.

Error status
EINTR
A signal was delivered to a blocked gpfs_fcntl() subroutine. All waiting subroutines, on every
node, are interrupted.

446 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

EINVAL
The file mode has been changed since the file was opened to include or exclude O_APPEND.
The value of numInstances is inconsistent with the value issued by other threads intending to
access the file.
An attempt has been made to issue a GPFS_DATA_SHIP_START directive on a file that is
already in use in data shipping mode by other clients.
ENOMEM
The available data space in memory is not large enough to allocate the data structures necessary
to establish and/or run in data shipping mode.
EPERM
An attempt has been made to open a file in data shipping mode that is already open in write
mode by some thread that did not issue the GPFS_DATA_SHIP_START directive. GPFS does not
initiate data shipping.
ESTALE
A node in the data shipping collective has gone down.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 447

gpfsDataShipStop_t Structure
Takes a file out of data shipping mode.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Structure
typedef struct
{
int structLen;
int structType;
} gpfsDataShipStop_t;

Description

The gpfsDataShipStop_t structure takes a file out of data shipping mode.

GPFS takes the file out of data shipping mode:

v GPFS waits for all threads that issued the GPFS_DATA_SHIP_START directive to issue this directive,
then flushes all dirty file data to disk.
v While a gpfs_fcntl() invocation is blocked waiting for other threads, the subroutine can be interrupted
by any signal. If a signal is delivered to any of the waiting invocations, all waiting subroutines on
every node are interrupted and return EINTR. GPFS does not cancel data shipping mode if such a
signal occurs. It is the responsibility of the application to mask off any signals that might normally
occur while waiting for another node in the data shipping collective. Several libraries use SIGALRM;
the thread that issues the gpfs_fcntl() should use sigthreadmask to mask off delivery of this signal
while inside the subroutine.

Members
structLen
Length of the gpfsDataShipStop_t structure.
structType
Structure identifier GPFS_DATA_SHIP_STOP.

Error status
EIO An error occurred while flushing dirty data.
EINTR
A signal was delivered to a blocked gpfs_fcntl() subroutine. All waiting subroutines, on every
node, are interrupted.
EINVAL
An attempt has been made to issue the GPFS_DATA_SHIP_STOP directive from a node or
thread that is not part of this data shipping collective.
An attempt has been made to issue the GPFS_DATA_SHIP_STOP directive on a file that is not
in data shipping mode.
ESTALE
A node in the data shipping collective has gone down.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

448 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

gpfsFcntlHeader_t Structure
Contains declaration information for the gpfs_fcntl() subroutine.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Structure
typedef struct
{
int totalLength;
int fcntlVersion;
int errorOffset;
int fcntlReserved;
} gpfsFcntlHeader_t;

Description

The gpfsFcntlHeader_t structure contains size, version, and error information for the gpfs_fcntl()
subroutine.

Members
totalLength
This field must be set to the total length, in bytes, of the data structure being passed in this
subroutine. This includes the length of the header and all hints and directives that follow the
header.
The total size of the data structure cannot exceed the value of GPFS_MAX_FCNTL_LENGTH, as
defined in the header file gpfs_fcntl.h. The current value of GPFS_MAX_FCNTL_LENGTH is 64
KB.
fcntlVersion
This field must be set to the current version number of the gpfs_fcntl() subroutine, as defined by
GPFS_FCNTL_CURRENT_VERSION in the header file gpfs_fcntl.h. The current version number
is one.
errorOffset
If an error occurs processing a system call, GPFS sets this field to the offset within the parameter
area where the error was detected.
For example,
1. An incorrect version number in the header, would cause errorOffset to be set to zero.
2. An error in the first hint following the header would set errorOffset to sizeof(header).
If no errors are found, GPFS does not alter this field.
fcntlReserved
This field is currently unused.
For compatibility with future versions of GPFS, set this field to zero.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 449

gpfsFreeRange_t Structure
Undeclares an access range within a file for an application.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Structure
typedef struct
{
int structLen;
int structType;
offset_t start;
offset_t length;
} gpfsFreeRange_t;

Description

The gpfsFreeRange_t structure undeclares an access range within a file for an application.

The application no longer accesses file offsets within the given range. GPFS flushes the data at the file
offsets and removes it from the cache.

Members
structLen
Length of the gpfsFreeRange_t structure.
structType
Structure identifier GPFS_FREE_RANGE.
start The start of the access range offset, in bytes, from beginning of file.
length Length of the access range.
Zero indicates to end of file.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

450 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

gpfsGetFilesetName_t Structure
Obtains a file's fileset name.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Structure
typedef struct {
int structLen;
int structType;
char buffer[GPFS_FCNTL_MAX_NAME_BUFFER];
} gpfsGetFilesetName_t

Description

The gpfsGetFilesetName_t structure is used to obtain a file's fileset name.

Members
structLen
Length of the gpfsGetFilesetName_t structure.
structType
Structure identifier GPFS_FCNTL_GET_FILESETNAME.
buffer The size of the buffer may vary, but must be a multiple of eight. Upon successful completion of
the call, the buffer contains a null-terminated character string for the name of the requested
object.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 451

gpfsGetReplication_t Structure
Obtains a file's replication factors.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Structure
typedef struct {
int structLen;
int structType;
int metadataReplicas;
int maxMetadataReplicas;
int dataReplicas;
int maxDataReplicas;
int status;
int reserved;
} gpfsGetReplication_t

Description
The gpfsGetReplication_t structure is used to obtain a file's replication factors.

Members
structLen
Length of the gpfsGetReplication_t structure.
structType
Structure identifier GPFS_FCNTL_GET_REPLICATION.
metadataReplicas
Returns the current number of copies of indirect blocks for the file.
maxMetadataReplicas
Returns the maximum number of copies of indirect blocks for a file.
dataReplicas
Returns the current number of copies of the data blocks for a file.
maxDataReplicas
Returns the maximum number of copies of data blocks for a file.
status Returns the status of the file. Status values defined below.
reserved
Unused, but should be set to 0.

Error status

These values are returned in the status field:

GPFS_FCNTL_STATUS_EXPOSED
This file may have some data where the only replicas are on suspended disks; implies some data
may be lost if suspended disks are removed.
GPFS_FCNTL_STATUS_ILLREPLICATE
This file may not be properly replicated; that is, some data may have fewer or more than the
desired number of replicas, or some replicas may be on suspended disks.
GPFS_FCNTL_STATUS_UNBALANCED
This file may not be properly balanced.

452 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

GPFS_FCNTL_STATUS_DATAUPDATEMISS
This file has stale data blocks on at least one of the disks that are marked as unavailable or
recovering.
GPFS_FCNTL_STATUS_METAUPDATEMISS
This file has stale indirect blocks on at least one unavailable or recovering disk.
GPFS_FCNTL_STATUS_ILLPLACED
This file may not be properly placed; that is, some data may be stored in an incorrect storage
pool.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 453

gpfsGetSnapshotName_t Structure
Obtains a file's snapshot name.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Structure
typedef struct {
int structLen;
int structType;
char buffer[GPFS_FCNTL_MAX_NAME_BUFFER];
} gpfsGetSnapshotName_t

Description

The gpfsGetSnapshotName_t structure is used to obtain a file's snapshot name. If the file is not part of a
snapshot, a zero length snapshot name will be returned.

Members
structLen
Length of the gpfsGetSnapshotName_t structure.
structType
Structure identifier GPFS_FCNTL_GET_SNAPSHOTNAME.
buffer The size of the buffer may vary, but must be a multiple of eight. Upon successful completion of
the call, the buffer contains a null-terminated character string for the name of the requested
object.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

454 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

gpfsGetStoragePool_t Structure
Obtains a file's storage pool name.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Structure
typedef struct {
int structLen;
int structType;
char buffer[GPFS_FCNTL_MAX_NAME_BUFFER];
} gpfsGetStoragePool_t

Description

The gpfsGetStoragePool_t structure is used to obtain a file's storage pool name.

Members
structLen
Length of the gpfsGetStoragePool_t structure.
structType
Structure identifier GPFS_FCNTL_GET_STORAGEPOOL.
buffer The size of the buffer may vary, but must be a multiple of eight. Upon successful completion of
the call, the buffer contains a null-terminated character string for the name of the requested
object.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 455

gpfsMultipleAccessRange_t Structure
Defines prefetching and write-behind file access for an application.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Structure
typedef struct
{
offset_t blockNumber; /* data block number to access */
int start; /*start of range (from beginning of block)*/
int length; /* number of bytes in range */
int isWrite; /* 0 - READ access 1 - WRITE access */
char padding[4];
} gpfsRangeArray_t;

typedef struct
{
int structLen;
int structType;
int accRangeCnt;
int relRangeCnt;
gpfsRangeArray_t accRangeArray[GPFS_MAX_RANGE_COUNT];
gpfsRangeArray_t relRangeArray[GPFS_MAX_RANGE_COUNT];
} gpfsMultipleAccessRange_t;

Description

The gpfsMultipleAccessRange_t structure defines prefetching and write-behind access where the
application will soon access the portions of the blocks specified in accRangeArray and has finished
accessing the ranges listed in relRangeArray. The size of a block is returned in the st_blksize field of the
stat command, so the offset, OFF, of a file is in the block, OFF/st_blksize.
v Up to GPFS_MAX_RANGE_COUNT, as defined in the header file gpfs_fcntl.h, blocks may be given
in one multiple access range hint. The current value of GPFS_MAX_RANGE_COUNT is eight.
Depending on the current load, GPFS may initiate prefetching of some or all of the blocks.
v Each range named in accRangeArray that is accepted for prefetching, should eventually be released
with an identical entry in relRangeArray, or else GPFS will stop prefetching blocks for this file.

Note: Naming a subrange of a block in relRangeArray that does not exactly match a past entry in
accRangeArray has no effect, and does not produce an error.
v Applications that make random accesses or regular patterns not recognized by GPFS may benefit from
using this hint.
GPFS already recognizes sequential and strided file access patterns. Applications that use such patterns
should not need to use this hint, as GPFS automatically recognizes the pattern and performs
prefetching and write-behind accordingly. In fact, using the multiple access range hint in programs
having a sequential or strided access pattern may degrade performance due to the extra overhead to
process the hints.

Notice that the units of prefetch and release are file blocks, not file offsets. If the application intends to
make several accesses to the same block, it will generally get better performance by including the entire
range to be accessed in the GPFS_MULTIPLE_ACCESS_RANGE hint before actually doing a read or
write. A sample program gpfsperf, which demonstrates the use of the
GPFS_MULTIPLE_ACCESS_RANGE hint, is included in the GPFS product and installed in the
/usr/lpp/mmfs/samples/perf directory.

456 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Members
structLen
Length of the gpfsMultipleAccessRange_t structure.
structType
Structure identifier GPFS_MULTIPLE_ACCESS_RANGE.
accRangeCnt
On input, the number of ranges in accRangeArray.
On output, the number of processed ranges, the first n, of the given ranges.
relRangeCnt
The number of ranges in relRangeArray.
accRangeArray
The ranges of blocks that the application will soon access.
relRangeArray
The ranges of blocks that the application has finished accessing.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 457

gpfsRestripeData_t Structure
Restripes a file's data blocks.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Structure
typedef struct {
int structLen;
int structType;
int options;
int errReason;
int errValue1;
int errValue2;
int reserved;
int reserved2;
} gpfsRestripeData_t;

Description
The gpfsRestripeData_t structure is used to restripe a file's data blocks to updates its replication and
migrate its data. The data movement is always done immediately.

Members
structLen
Length of the gpfsRestripeData_t structure.
structType
Structure identifier GPFS_FCNTL_RESTRIPE_DATA.
options
Options for restripe command. See mmrestripefs command for complete definitions.
GPFS_FCNTL_RESTRIPE_M
Migrate critical data off of suspended disks.
GPFS_FCNTL_RESTRIPE_R
Replicate data against subsequent failure.
GPFS_FCNTL_RESTRIPE_P
Place file data in assigned storage pool.
GPFS_FCNTL_RESTRIPE_B
Rebalance file data.
reserved
Must be set to 0.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

458 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

gpfsSetReplication_t Structure
Sets a file's replication factors.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Structure
typedef struct {
int structLen;
int structType;
int metadataReplicas;
int maxMetadataReplicas;
int dataReplicas;
int maxDataReplicas;
int errReason;
int errValue1;
int errValue2;
int reserved;
} gpfsSetReplication_t

Description

The gpfsGetReplication_t structure is used to set a file's replication factors. However, the directive does
not cause the file to be restriped immediately. Instead, the caller must append a gpfsRestripeData_t
directive or invoke an explicit restripe using the mmrestripefs or mmrestripefile command.

Members
structLen
Length of the gpfsSetReplication_t structure.
structType
Structure identifier GPFS_FCNTL_SET_REPLICATION.
metadataReplicas
Specifies how many copies of the file system's metadata to create. Enter a value of 1 or 2, but not
greater than the value of the maxMetadataReplicas attribute of the file. A value of 0 indicates not
to change the current value.
maxMetadataReplicas
The maximum number of copies of indirect blocks for a file. Space is reserved in the inode for all
possible copies of pointers to indirect blocks. Valid values are 1 and 2, but cannot be less than
DefaultMetadataReplicas. The default is 1. A value of 0 indicates not to change the current value.
dataReplicas
Specifies how many copies of the file data to create. Enter a value of 1 or 2, but not greater than
the value of the maxDataReplicas attribute of the file. A value of 0 indicates not to change the
currant value.
maxDataReplicas
The maximum number of copies of data blocks for a file. Space is reserved in the inode and
indirect blocks for all possible copies of pointers to data blocks. Valid values are 1 and 2, but
cannot be less than DefaultDataReplicas. The default is 1. A value of 0 indicates not to change
the current value.
errReason
Returned reason for request failure. Defined below.
errValue1
Returned value depending upon errReason.
Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 459
errValue2
Returned value depending upon errReason.
reserved
Unused, but should be set to 0.

Error status

These values are returned in the errReason field:

GPFS_FCNTL_ERR_NONE
Command was successful or no reason information was returned.
GPFS_FCNTL_ERR_METADATA_REPLICAS_RANGE
Field metadataReplicas is out of range. Fields errValue1 and errValue2 contain the valid lower
and upper range boundaries.
GPFS_FCNTL_ERR_MAXMETADATA_REPLICAS_RANGE
Field maxMetadataReplicas is out of range. Fields errValue1 and errValue2 contain the valid
lower and upper range boundaries.
GPFS_FCNTL_ERR_DATA_REPLICAS_RANGE
Field dataReplicas is out of range. Fields errValue1 and errValue2 contain the valid lower and
upper range boundaries.
GPFS_FCNTL_ERR_MAXDATA_REPLICAS_RANGE
Field maxDataReplicas is out of range. Fields errValue1 and errValue2 contain the valid lower
and upper range boundaries.
GPFS_FCNTL_ERR_FILE_NOT_EMPTY
An attempt to change maxMetadataReplicas or maxDataReplicas or both was made on a file that
is not empty.
GPFS_FCNTL_ERR_REPLICAS_EXCEED_FGMAX
Field metadataReplicas, or dataReplicas, or both exceed the number of failure groups. Field
errValue1 contains the maximum number of metadata failure groups. Field errValue2 contains
the maximum number of data failure groups.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux.

460 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

gpfsSetStoragePool_t Structure
Sets a file's assigned storage pool.

Library

GPFS Library (libgpfs.a for AIX, libgpfs.so for Linux)

Structure
typedef struct {
int structLen;
int structType;
int errReason;
int errValue1;
int errValue2;
int reserved;
char buffer[GPFS_FCNTL_MAX_NAME_BUFFER];
} gpfsSetStoragePool_t

Description

The gpfsSetStoragePool_t structure is used to set a file's assigned storage pool. However, the directive
does not cause the file data to be migrated immediately. Instead, the caller must append a
gpfsRestripeData_t directive or invoke an explicit restripe with the mmrestripefs or mmrestripefile
command. The caller must have su or root privileges to change a storage pool assignment.

Members
structLen
Length of the gpfsSetStoragePool_t structure.
structType
Structure identifier GPFS_FCNTL_SET_STORAGEPOOL.
buffer The name of the storage pool for the file's data. Only user files may be reassigned to different
storage pool. System files, including all directories, must reside in the system pool and may not
be moved. The size of the buffer may vary, but must be a multiple of eight.
errReason
Returned reason for request failure. Defined below.
errValue1
Returned value depending upon errReason.
errValue2
Returned value depending upon errReason.
reserved
Unused, but should be set to 0.

Error status

These values are returned in the errReason field:

GPFS_FCNTL_ERR_NONE
Command was successful or no reason information was returned.
GPFS_FCNTL_ERR_NOPERM
User does not have permission to perform the requested operation.
GPFS_FCNTL_ERR_INVALID_STORAGE_POOL
Invalid storage pool name was given.

Chapter 9. GPFS programming interfaces 461

GPFS_FCNTL_ERR_INVALID_STORAGE_POOL_TYPE
Invalid storage pool. File cannot be assigned to given pool.
GPFS_FCNTL_ERR_INVALID_STORAGE_POOL_ISDIR
Invalid storage pool. Directories cannot be assigned to given pool.
GPFS_FCNTL_ERR_INVALID_STORAGE_POOL_ISLNK
Invalid storage pool. System files cannot be assigned to given pool.
GPFS_FCNTL_ERR_INVALID_STORAGE_POOL_ISSYS
Invalid storage pool. System files cannot be assigned to given pool.
GPFS_FCNTL_ERR_STORAGE_POOL_NOTENABLED
File system has not been upgraded to support storage pools.

Location

/usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.a for AIX, /usr/lpp/mmfs/lib/libgpfs.so for Linux

462 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Chapter 10. GPFS user exits
In addition to any user exits that you may define with the mmaddcallback command, GPFS provides
three specialized user exits: mmsdrbackup, nsddevices, and syncfsconfig.

Table 9 summarizes the GPFS-specific user exits.

Table 9. GPFS user exits
User exit Purpose
“mmsdrbackup User exit” on page 464 Performs a backup of the GPFS configuration data.
“nsddevices User exit” on page 465 Identifies local physical devices that are used as GPFS
NSDs.
“syncfsconfig User exit” on page 466 Keeps file system configuration data in replicated
clusters synchronized.

mmsdrbackup User exit
Performs a backup of the GPFS configuration data.

Description

The /var/mmfs/etc/mmsdrbackup user exit, when properly installed on the primary GPFS configuration
server, will be asynchronously invoked every time there is a change to the GPFS master configuration
file. This user exit can be used to create a backup of the GPFS configuration data.

Read the sample file /usr/lpp/mmfs/samples/mmsdrbackup.sample for a detailed description on how to

code and install this user exit.

Parameters

The generation number of the most recent version of the GPFS configuration data.

Exit status
The mmsdrbackup user exit should always return a value of zero.

Location

/var/mmfs/etc

464 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

nsddevices User exit
Identifies local physical devices that are used as GPFS Network Shared Disks (NSDs).

Description

The /var/mmfs/etc/nsddevices user exit, when properly installed, is invoked synchronously by the GPFS
daemon during its disk discovery processing. The purpose of this procedure is to discover and verify the
physical devices on each node that correspond to the disks previously defined to GPFS with the
mmcrnsd command. The nsddevices user exit can be used to either replace or to supplement the disk
discovery procedure of the GPFS daemon.

Read the sample file /usr/lpp/mmfs/samples/nsddevices.sample for a detailed description on how to code
and install this user exit.

Parameters

None.

Exit status

The nsddevices user exit should return either zero or one.

When the nsddevices user exit returns a value of zero, the GPFS disk discovery procedure is bypassed.

When the nsddevices user exit returns a value of one, the GPFS disk discovery procedure is performed
and the results are concatenated with the results from the nsddevices user exit.

Location

/var/mmfs/etc

Chapter 10. GPFS user exits 465

syncfsconfig User exit
Keeps file system configuration data in replicated clusters synchronized.

Description

The /var/mmfs/etc/syncfsconfig user exit, when properly installed, will be synchronously invoked after
each command that may change the configuration of a file system. Examples of such commands are:
mmadddisk, mmdeldisk, mmchfs, and so forth. The syncfsconfig user exit can be used to keep the file
system configuration data in replicated GPFS clusters automatically synchronized.

Read the sample file /usr/lpp/mmfs/samples/syncfsconfig.sample for a detailed description on how to

code and install this user exit.

Parameters

None.

Exit status

The syncfsconfig user exit should always returns a value of zero.

Location

/var/mmfs/etc

466 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Chapter 11. Considerations for GPFS applications
Application design should take into consideration the exceptions to Open Group technical standards with
regard to the stat() system call, and NFS V4 ACLs. Also, a technique to determine if a file system is
controlled by GPFS has been provided.

Be sure to consider the following:

v “Exceptions to Open Group technical standards”
v “Determining if a file system is controlled by GPFS”
v “GPFS exceptions and limitations to NFS V4 ACLs” on page 468

Exceptions to Open Group technical standards

GPFS is designed so that most applications written to The Open Group technical standard for file system
calls can access GPFS data with no modification, however, there are some exceptions.

Applications that depend on exact reporting of changes to the following fields returned by the stat() call
may not work as expected:
1. exact mtime
2. mtime
3. ctime
4. atime
Providing exact support for these fields would require significant performance degradation to all
applications executing on the system. These fields are guaranteed accurate when the file is closed.

These values will be accurate on a node right after it accesses or modifies a file, but may not be accurate
for a short while when a file is accessed or modified on some other node.

If 'exact mtime' is specified for a file system (using the mmcrfs or mmchfs commands with the -E yes
flag), the mtime and ctime values are always correct by the time the stat() call gives its answer. If 'exact
mtime' is not specified, these values will be accurate after a couple of minutes, to allow the
synchronization daemons to propagate the values to all nodes. Regardless of whether 'exact mtime' is
specified, the atime value will be accurate after a couple of minutes, to allow for all the synchronization
daemons to propagate changes.

Alternatively, you may use the GPFS calls, gpfs_stat() and gpfs_fstat() to return exact mtime and atime
values.

The delayed update of the information returned by the stat() call also impacts system commands which
display disk usage, such as du or df. The data reported by such commands may not reflect changes that
have occurred since the last sync of the file system. For a parallel file system, a sync does not occur until
all nodes have individually synchronized their data. On a system with no activity, the correct values will
be displayed after the sync daemon has run on all nodes.

Determining if a file system is controlled by GPFS

A file system is controlled by GPFS if the f_type field in the statfs structure returned from a statfs() or
fstatfs() call has the value 0x47504653, which is the ASCII characters 'GPFS'.

This constant is in the gpfs.h file, with the name GPFS_SUPER_MAGIC. If an application includes
gpfs.h, it can compare f_type to GPFS_SUPER_MAGIC to determine if the file system is controlled by
GPFS.

GPFS exceptions and limitations to NFS V4 ACLs

GPFS has exceptions and limitations to the NFS V4 ACLs that you need to understand.

Those exceptions and limitations include:

1. Alarm type ACL entries are not supported.
2. Audit type ACL entries are not supported.
3. Inherit entries (FileInherit and DirInherit) are always propagated to all child subdirectories. The
NFS V4 ACE4_NO_PROPAGATE_INHERIT_ACE flag is not supported.
4. Although the NFS V4 ACL specification provides separate controls for WRITE and APPEND, GPFS
will not differentiate between the two. Either both must be specified, or neither can be.
5. Similar to WRITE and APPEND, NFS V4 allows for separate ADD_FILE and
ADD_SUBDIRECTORY controls. In most cases, GPFS will allow these controls to be specified
independently. In the special case where the file system object is a directory and one of its ACL
entries specifies both FileInherit and DirInherit flags, GPFS cannot support setting ADD_FILE
without ADD_SUBDIRECTORY (or the other way around). When this is intended, we suggest
creating separate FileInherit and DirInherit entries.
6. Some types of access for which NFS V4 defines controls do not currently exist in GPFS. For these,
ACL entries will be accepted and saved, but since there is no corresponding operation they will have
no effect. These include READ_NAMED, WRITE_NAMED, and SYNCHRONIZE.
7. AIX requires that READ_ACL and WRITE_ACL always be granted to the object owner. Although
this contradicts NFS Version 4 Protocol, it is viewed that this is an area where users would otherwise
erroneously leave an ACL that only privileged users could change. Since ACLs are themselves file
attributes, READ_ATTR and WRITE_ATTR are similarly granted to the owner. Since it would not
make sense to then prevent the owner from accessing the ACL from a non-AIX node, GPFS has
implemented this exception everywhere.
8. AIX does not support the use of special name values other than owner@, group@, and everyone@.
Therefore, these are the only valid special name values for use in GPFS NFS V4 ACLs as well.
9. NFS V4 allows ACL entries that grant users (or groups) permission to change the owner or owning
group of the file (for example, with the chown command). For security reasons, GPFS now restricts
this so that non-privileged users may only chown such a file to themselves (becoming the owner) or
to a group that they are a member of.
10. GPFS does not support NFS V4 exporting GPFS file systems from Linux nodes. NFS V3 is
acceptable.
11. Windows does not support NFS V4 ACLs.

For more information about GPFS ACLs and NFS export, see Managing GPFS access control lists and NFS
export in General Parallel File System: Administration and Programming Reference.

468 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Chapter 12. File system format changes between versions of
GPFS
Every GPFS file system has a format version number associated with it. This version number corresponds
to the on-disk data structures for the file system, and is an indicator of the supported file system
functionality.

The file system version number is assigned when the file system is first created, and is updated to the
latest supported level after the file system is migrated using the mmchfs -V command.

The format version number for a file system can be displayed with the mmlsfs -V command. If a file
system was created with an older GPFS release, new functionality that requires different on-disk data
structures will not be enabled until you run the mmchfs -V command. In addition to mmchfs -V, certain
new features may require you to additionally run the mmigratefs command.

The mmchfs -V option requires the specification of one of two values - full or compat:
v Specifying mmchfs -V full enables all of the new functionality that requires different on-disk data
structures. After this command, nodes in remote clusters running an older GPFS version will no longer
be able to mount the file system.
v Specifying mmchfs -V compat enables only features that are backword compatible with nodes running
GPFS 3.2. After this command, nodes in remote clusters running GPFS 3.2 or later will still be able to
mount the file system, but nodes running GPFS versions 3.1 or older will not be able to mount the file
system.

| The current highest file system format version is 12.03. This is the version that is assigned to file systems
| created with GPFS 3.4. The same version number will be assigned to older file systems after you run the
| mmchfs -V full command.

| If your current file system is at format level 11.03 (GPFS 3.3), the set of enabled features depends on the
| value specified with the mmchfs -V option:
| v After running mmchfs -V full, the file system will be able to support the following:
| – more than 2,147,483,648 files
| – fast extended attributes (which requires mmmigratefs, which is an offline utility, to be run also)
| v There are no new features that can be enabled with mmchfs -V compat.

| If your current file system is at format level 10.00 (GPFS 3.2.0.0) or 10.01 (GPFS 3.2.1.5), after running
| mmchfs -V, the file system will be able to support all of the above, plus the following:
v New maximum number of filesets in a file system (10000)
v New maximum for the number of hard links per object (2**32)
v Improved quota performance for systems with large number of users
v Policy language support for new attributes, variable names, and functions: MODE, INODE, NLINK,
RDEVICE_ID, DEVICE_ID, BLOCKSIZE, GENERATION, XATTR(), ATTR_INTEGER(), and
XATTR_FLOAT()

If your current file system is at format level 9.03 (GPFS 3.1), after running mmchfs -V, the file system will
be able to support all of the above, plus:
v Fine grain directory locking

v LIMIT clause on placement policies

If your current file system is at format level 8.00 (GPFS 2.3), after running mmchfs -V, the file system will
be able to support all of the above, plus:
v Storage pools
v Filesets
v Fileset quotas

If your current file system is at format level 7.00 (GPFS 2.2), after running mmchfs -V, the file system will
be able to support all of the above, plus:
v NFS V4 access control lists
v New format for the internal allocation summary files

If your current file system is at format level 6.00 (GPFS 2.1), after running mmchfs -V, the file system will
be able to support all of the above, plus extended access control list entries (-rwxc access mode bits).

The functionality described in this topic is only a subset of the functional changes introduced with the
different GPFS releases. Functional changes that do not require changing the on-disk data structures are
not listed here. Such changes are either immediately available when the new level of code is installed, or
require running the mmchconfig release=LATEST command. For a complete list, see the Summary of
changes.

470 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Accessibility features for GPFS
Accessibility features help users who have a disability, such as restricted mobility or limited vision, to use
information technology products successfully.

Accessibility features
The following list includes the major accessibility features in GPFS:
v Keyboard-only operation
v Interfaces that are commonly used by screen readers
v Keys that are discernible by touch but do not activate just by touching them
v Industry-standard devices for ports and connectors
v The attachment of alternative input and output devices

The IBM Cluster Information Center, and its related publications, are accessibility-enabled. The
accessibility features of the information center are described at Accessibility

Keyboard navigation
This product uses standard Microsoft Windows navigation keys.

IBM and accessibility

See the IBM Human Ability and Accessibility Center for more information about the commitment that
IBM has to accessibility:
| http://www.ibm.com/able/

472 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference
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474 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

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Notices 475
476 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference
Glossary
This glossary defines technical terms and Application Environment (CAE) Specification
abbreviations used in GPFS documentation. If you C429, The Open Group ISBN
do not find the term you are looking for, refer to 1-85912-190-X.
the index of the appropriate book or view the
deadman switch timer
IBM Glossary of Computing Terms, located on the
A kernel timer that works on a node that
Internet at: http://www-306.ibm.com/software/
has lost its disk lease and has outstanding
globalization/terminology/index.jsp.
I/O requests. This timer ensures that the
node cannot complete the outstanding
B
I/O requests (which would risk causing
block utilization file system corruption), by causing a
The measurement of the percentage of panic in the kernel.
used subblocks per allocated blocks.
disk descriptor
A definition of the type of data that the
C
disk contains and the failure group to
cluster which this disk belongs. See also failure
A loosely-coupled collection of group.
independent systems (nodes) organized
disposition
into a network for the purpose of sharing
The session to which a data management
resources and communicating with each
event is delivered. An individual
other. See also GPFS cluster.
disposition is set for each type of event
cluster configuration data from each file system.
The configuration data that is stored on
disk leasing
the cluster configuration servers.
A method for controlling access to storage
cluster manager devices from multiple host systems. Any
The node that monitors node status using host that wants to access a storage device
disk leases, detects failures, drives configured to use disk leasing registers
recovery, and selects file system for a lease; in the event of a perceived
managers. The cluster manager is the failure, a host system can deny access,
node with the lowest node number preventing I/O operations with the
among the quorum nodes that are storage device until the preempted system
operating at a particular time. has reregistered.
control data structures domain
Data structures needed to manage file A logical grouping of resources in a
data and metadata cached in memory. network for the purpose of common
Control data structures include hash management and administration.
tables and link pointers for finding
cached data; lock states and tokens to F
implement distributed locking; and
failback
various flags and sequence numbers to
Cluster recovery from failover following
keep track of updates to the cached data.
repair. See also failover.
D | failover
| (1) The assumption of file system duties
Data Management Application Program
| by another node when a node fails. (2)
Interface (DMAPI)
| The process of transferring all control of
The interface defined by the Open
| the ESS to a single cluster in the ESS
Group's XDSM standard as described in
| when the other clusters in the ESS fails.
the publication System Management: Data
| See also cluster. (3) The routing of all
Storage Management (XDSM) API Common

| transactions to a second controller when installation must build for its specific
| the first controller fails. See also cluster. hardware platform and Linux
distribution.
failure group
A collection of disks that share common GPFS recovery log
access paths or adapter connection, and A file that contains a record of metadata
could all become unavailable through a activity, and exists for each node of a
single hardware failure. cluster. In the event of a node failure, the
recovery log for the failed node is
fileset A hierarchical grouping of files managed
replayed, restoring the file system to a
as a unit for balancing workload across a
consistent state and allowing other nodes
cluster.
to continue working.
file-management policy
A set of rules defined in a policy file that I
GPFS uses to manage file migration and
ill-placed file
file deletion. See also policy.
A file assigned to one storage pool, but
file-placement policy having some or all of its data in a
A set of rules defined in a policy file that different storage pool.
GPFS uses to manage the initial
ill-replicated file
placement of a newly created file. See also
A file with contents that are not correctly
policy.
replicated according to the desired setting
file system descriptor for that file. This situation occurs in the
A data structure containing key interval between a change in the file's
information about a file system. This replication settings or suspending one of
information includes the disks assigned to its disks, and the restripe of the file.
the file system (stripe group), the current
indirect block
state of the file system, and pointers to
A block containing pointers to other
key files such as quota files and log files.
blocks.
file system descriptor quorum
inode The internal structure that describes the
The number of disks needed in order to
individual files in the file system. There is
write the file system descriptor correctly.
one inode for each file.
file system manager
The provider of services for all the nodes J
using a single file system. A file system
journaled file system (JFS)
manager processes changes to the state or
A technology designed for
description of the file system, controls the
high-throughput server environments,
regions of disks that are allocated to each
which are important for running intranet
node, and controls token management
and other high-performance e-business
and quota management.
file servers.
fragment
junction
The space allocated for an amount of data
too small to require a full block. A A special directory entry that connects a
fragment consists of one or more name in a directory of one fileset to the
subblocks. root directory of another fileset.

G K
GPFS cluster kernel The part of an operating system that
A cluster of nodes defined as being contains programs for such tasks as
available for use by GPFS file systems. input/output, management and control of
hardware, and the scheduling of user
GPFS portability layer
tasks.
The interface module that each
M

478 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

metadata node quorum
A data structures that contain access The minimum number of nodes that must
information about file data. These include: be running in order for the daemon to
inodes, indirect blocks, and directories. start.
These data structures are not accessible to
node quorum with tiebreaker disks
user applications.
A form of quorum that allows GPFS to
metanode run with as little as one quorum node
The one node per open file that is available, as long as there is access to a
responsible for maintaining file metadata majority of the quorum disks.
integrity. In most cases, the node that has
non-quorum node
had the file open for the longest period of
A node in a cluster that is not counted for
continuous time is the metanode.
the purposes of quorum determination.
mirroring
The process of writing the same data to P
multiple disks at the same time. The
policy A list of file-placement and service-class
mirroring of data protects it against data
rules that define characteristics and
loss within the database or within the
placement of files. Several policies can be
recovery log.
defined within the configuration, but only
multi-tailed one policy set is active at one time.
A disk connected to multiple nodes.
policy rule
A programming statement within a policy
N
that defines a specific action to be
namespace preformed.
Space reserved by a file system to contain
pool A group of resources with similar
the names of its objects.
characteristics and attributes.
Network File System (NFS)
portability
A protocol, developed by Sun
The ability of a programming language to
Microsystems, Incorporated, that allows
compile successfully on different
any host in a network to gain access to
operating systems without requiring
another host or netgroup and their file
changes to the source code.
directories.
primary GPFS cluster configuration server
Network Shared Disk (NSD)
In a GPFS cluster, the node chosen to
A component for cluster-wide disk
maintain the GPFS cluster configuration
naming and access.
data.
NSD volume ID
private IP address
A unique 16 digit hex number that is
A IP address used to communicate on a
used to identify and access all NSDs.
private network.
node An individual operating-system image
public IP address
within a cluster. Depending on the way in
A IP address used to communicate on a
which the computer system is partitioned,
public network.
it may contain one or more nodes.
quorum node
node descriptor
A node in the cluster that is counted to
A definition that indicates how GPFS uses
determine whether a quorum exists.
a node. Possible functions include:
manager node, client node, quorum node,
Q
and nonquorum node
quota The amount of disk space and number of
node number
inodes assigned as upper limits for a
A number that is generated and
specified user, group of users, or fileset.
maintained by GPFS as the cluster is
created, and as nodes are added to or quota management
deleted from the cluster. The allocation of disk blocks to the other

Glossary 479
nodes writing to the file system, and management session due to the failure of
comparison of the allocated space to the daemon on the session node.
quota limits at regular intervals.
session node
The node on which a data management
R
session was created.
Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID)
Small Computer System Interface (SCSI)
A collection of two or more disk physical
An ANSI-standard electronic interface
drives that present to the host an image
that allows personal computers to
of one or more logical disk drives. In the
communicate with peripheral hardware,
event of a single physical device failure,
such as disk drives, tape drives, CD-ROM
the data can be read or regenerated from
drives, printers, and scanners faster and
the other disk drives in the array due to
more flexibly than previous interfaces.
data redundancy.
snapshot
recovery
A copy of changed data in the active files
The process of restoring access to file
and directories of a file system with the
system data when a failure has occurred.
exception of the inode number, which is
Recovery can involve reconstructing data
changed to allow application programs to
or providing alternative routing through a
distinguish between the snapshot and the
different server.
active files and directories.
replication
source node
The process of maintaining a defined set
The node on which a data management
of data in more than one location.
event is generated.
Replication involves copying designated
changes for one location (a source) to stand-alone client
another (a target), and synchronizing the The node in a one-node cluster.
data in both locations.
storage area network (SAN)
rule A list of conditions and actions that are A dedicated storage network tailored to a
triggered when certain conditions are met. specific environment, combining servers,
Conditions include attributes about an storage products, networking products,
object (file name, type or extension, dates, software, and services.
owner, and groups), the requesting client,
storage pool
and the container name associated with
A grouping of storage space consisting of
the object.
volumes, logical unit numbers (LUNs), or
addresses that share a common set of
S
administrative characteristics.
SAN-attached
stripe group
Disks that are physically attached to all
The set of disks comprising the storage
nodes in the cluster using Serial Storage
assigned to a file system.
Architecture (SSA) connections or using
fibre channel switches striping
A storage process in which information is
secondary GPFS cluster configuration server
split into blocks (a fixed amount of data)
In a GPFS cluster, the node chosen to
and the blocks are written to (or read
maintain the GPFS cluster configuration
from) a series of disks in parallel.
data in the event that the primary GPFS
cluster configuration server fails or subblock
becomes unavailable. The smallest unit of data accessible in an
I/O operation, equal to one thirty-second
Secure Hash Algorithm digest (SHA digest)
of a data block.
A character string used to identify a GPFS
security key. system storage pool
A storage pool containing file system
session failure
control structures, reserved files,
The loss of all resources of a data
directories, symbolic links, special devices,

480 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

as well as the metadata associated with
regular files, including indirect blocks and
extended attributes The system storage
pool can also contain user data.

T
token management
A system for controlling file access in
which each application performing a read
or write operation is granted some form
of access to a specific block of file data.
Token management provides data
consistency and controls conflicts. Token
management has two components: the
token management server, and the token
management function.
token management function
A component of token management that
requests tokens from the token
management server. The token
management function is located on each
cluster node.
token management server
A component of token management that
controls tokens relating to the operation
of the file system. The token management
server is located at the file system
manager node.
twin-tailed
A disk connected to two nodes.

U
user storage pool
A storage pool containing the blocks of
data that make up user files.

V
virtual file system (VFS)
A remote file system that has been
mounted so that it is accessible to the
local user.
virtual node (vnode)
The structure that contains information
about a file system object in an virtual file
system (VFS).

Glossary 481
482 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference
Index
Special characters adminMode attribute
changing 102
--aix-trace-buffer-size adminMode configuration parameter 2
changing 310 agent node 443
--trace-dispatch appendOnly file attribute 96, 224
changing 310 atime 123, 405, 408, 411, 414, 430, 432, 434, 467
--tracedev-buffer-size attributes
changing 310 useNSDserver 41
--tracedev-compression-level automatic mount
changing 310 indicating 146
--tracedev-overwrite-buffer-size automatic quota activation 289
changing 310 automount 17
--tracedev-write-mode automounter attribute
changing 310 changing 103
--traceFileSize availability
changing 310 disk 38

A B
access ACL 52 backing up a file system 28
access control information 356 using the GPFS policy engine 29
restoring 419 backing up a temporary snapshot to the TSM server 29
access control lists backing up file system configuration information
administering 55 using the mmbackupconfig command 30
allow type 55 backup applications
applying 58 writing 31
changing 54, 58 backup server 92
creating 269 block level incremental backups 391
DELETE 56 block size
DELETE_CHILD 56 affect on maximum mounted file system size 105, 146
deleting 54, 58, 170 choosing 146
deny type 55
displaying 53, 58, 213
editing 196
exceptions 59 C
getting 216 cache 61
inheritance 55 changing
DirInherit 55 adminMode attribute 102
FileInherit 55 an administration or daemon interface for a node 130
Inherited 55 automounter attribute 103
InheritOnly 55 cipherList attribute 103
limitations 59 cluster configuration attributes 102
managing 51 cnfsMountdPort attribute 103
NFS V4 51, 55 cnfsNFSDprocs attribute 103
NFS V4 syntax 55 cnfsSharedRoot attribute 103
setting 52, 53, 57 cnfsVIP attribute 103
special names 55 configuration attributes on the mmchconfig command 9
traditional 51 dataStructureDump attribute 103
translation 57 defaultMountDir attribute 104
accessibility features for the GPFS product 471 disk states 39
ACL information 324, 404 maxblocksize attribute 105
restoring 419 maxFcntlRangesPerFile attribute 106
retrieving 356 maxFilesToCache attribute 106
activating quota limit checking 47 maxMBpS attribute 106
adding maxStatCache attribute 106
disks 34 mmapRangeLock attribute 106
adding nodes to a GPFS cluster 6 nsdServerWaitTimeForMount 106
administering nsdServerWaitTimeWindowOnMount 107
GPFS file system 1 pagepool attribute 107
administration tasks 1 prefetchThreads attribute 107
quotas 45

changing (continued) commands (continued)
release attribute 107 mmdefedquota 159
replication 23 mmdefquotaoff 162
sidAutoMapRangeLength attribute 107 mmdefquotaon 164
sidAutoMapRangeStart attribute 108 mmdefragfs 26, 27, 167
tiebreakerDisks 108 mmdelacl 54, 55, 58, 170
tracing attributes 309 mmdelcallback 172
uidDomain attribute 108 mmdeldisk 35, 36, 173, 466
unmountOnDiskFail attribute 108 mmdelfileset 177
usePersistentReserve 109 mmdelfs 19, 180
verbsPorts 109 mmdelnode 7, 182
verbsRdma 109 mmdelnsd 185
worker1Threads attribute 109 mmdelsnapshot 187
checking mmdf 25, 35, 189
file systems 20 mmdiag 192
quotas 45 mmeditacl 54, 55, 57, 58, 196
chmod 52 mmedquota 45, 199
cipherList 89 mmexportfs 202
cipherList attribute mmfsck 20, 21, 35, 204
changing 103 mmfsctl 209
client node mmgetacl 53, 57, 58, 213
refresh NSD server 262 mmgetstate 216
cluster mmimportfs 219
changing configuration attributes 9, 102 mmlinkfileset 222
changing tracing attributes 309 mmlsattr 23, 224
cluster configuration attributes mmlscallback 226
changing 9 mmlscluster 5, 228
displaying 230 mmlsconfig 230
cluster configuration data 202, 209 mmlsdisk 21, 38, 232
cluster configuration server 138, 209 mmlsfileset 235
clustered NFS subsystem mmlsfs 21, 38, 61, 238
using 62 mmlslicense 242
cnfsMountdPort attribute mmlsmgr 13, 244
changing 103 mmlsmount 19, 246
cnfsNFSDprocs attribute mmlsnsd 33, 248
changing 103 mmlspolicy 251
cnfsSharedRoot attribute mmlsquota 46, 253
changing 103 mmlssnapshot 256, 360, 363
cnfsVIP attribute mmmigratefs 258
changing 103 fastea 258
commands 65 mmmount 17, 41, 260
chmod 52 mmnsddiscover 262
fastea 258 mmpmon 264
mmaddcallback 68 mmputacl 52, 53, 55, 57, 58, 269
mmadddisk 34, 73, 466 mmquotaoff 47, 272
mmaddnode 6, 77 mmquotaon 47, 274
mmapplypolicy 80 mmremotecluster 276
mmauth 88 mmremotefs 41, 279
mmbackup 28, 29, 92 mmrepquota 48, 282
mmbackupconfig 94 mmrestoreconfig 285
mmchattr 23, 24, 96 mmrestorefs 289
mmchcluster 8, 99 mmrestripefile 292
mmchconfig 9, 12, 13, 60, 61, 102 mmrestripefs 24, 25, 35, 38, 295
mmchdisk 21, 24, 38, 39, 112 completion time 14
mmcheckquota 20, 43, 45, 116 mmrpldisk 37, 298
mmchfileset 119 mmshutdown 15, 302
mmchfs 22, 41, 47, 61, 121 mmsnapdir 304, 340
mmchlicense 126 mmstartup 15, 307
mmchmgr 128 mmtracectl 309
mmchnode 130 mmumount 19, 312
mmchnsd 40, 134 mmunlinkfileset 315
mmchpolicy 136 mmwinservctl 318
mmcrcluster 5, 138 common GPFS command principles 3
mmcrfileset 142 configuration attributes on the mmchconfig command
mmcrfs 17, 47, 55, 61, 144 changing 9
mmcrnsd 33, 34, 73, 151, 298, 465, 466 configuration parameter
mmcrsnapshot 31, 156 adminMode 2

484 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

considerations for GPFS applications 467 disks
contact node 182 adding 34, 73, 298
control file permission 52 configuration 232
creating deleting 35, 173
file systems 144 displaying information 33
filesets 142 displaying state 232
quota reports 48 ENOSPC 38
ctime 405, 408, 411, 414, 467 failure 24
fragmentation 26
managing 33
D maximum number 33
reducing fragmentation 167
data replica 123
replacing 37, 298
data replication
strict replication 38
changing 23
displaying
data shipping 443
access control lists 53
data shipping mode 445, 448, 449, 450, 452
disk fragmentation 26
dataStructureDump attribute
disk states 38
changing 103
disks 33
deactivating quota limit checking 47
filesets 235
default ACL 52
NSD belonging to a GPFS cluster 248
default quotas 44
quotas 46
activating 164
DMAPI 124
deactivating 162
dmapiDataEventRetry
editing 159
description 104
defaultMountDir
dmapiEventTimeout
changing 104
description 104
deleting
dmapiMountEvent attribute
file systems 19
description 105
filesets 177
dmapiMountTimeout attribute
nodes from a GPFS cluster 7
description 105
deleting links
dmapiSessionFailureTimeout attribute
snapshots 304
description 105
deny-write open lock 121
dumps
description
storage of information 103
dmapiDataEventRetry 104
dmapiEventTimeout 104
dmapiMountEvent 105
dmapiMountTimeout 105 E
dmapiSessionFailureTimeout 105 editing
Direct I/O caching policy default quotas 159
using 24 enabling
directives Persistent Reserve 42
description 63 establishing quotas 45
subroutine for passing 330 exceptions to Open Group technical standards 467
directory entry execute file permission 51
reading 383, 385 exporting a GPFS file system 59
DirInherit 55 extended ACLs
disabling retrieve 333
Persistent Reserve 42 set 335, 337, 379
disaster recovery 209 extended file attributes 335, 337, 379
disk retrieve 333
availability 38 set 335, 337, 379
status 38
disk access
path discovery 262
disk descriptor 73, 112
F
failure group 112, 145, 298
disk discovery 41
failureDetectionTime attribute
disk parameter
changing 105
changing 112
FailureGroup 74
disk state
file
changing 39, 112
access control information 353, 356, 419
displaying 38
access range 440
suspended 112
ACL information 353, 356, 419
disk storage
block level incremental read 391
pre-allocating 417
extended attributes 333, 335, 337, 379
disk usage 112, 145, 298
reading 381

Index 485
file access file systems (continued)
application driven prefetching and write-behind 456 importing 219
canceling 441, 442 inconsistencies 204
clearing 442 links to snapshots 304
freeing a given range 450 listing mounted 246
gpfs_fcntl() 63 management 17
gpfsDataShipStart_t 445 migrating 121, 258
gpfsDataShipStop_t 448 mounted file system sizes 105, 146
file attribute mounting 260
extended 367, 369 mounting on multiple nodes 17
querying 224 moving to another cluster 121, 202
file attributes mtime value 122
appendOnly 96, 224 NFS export 61
file cache 442, 443 NFS V4 export 61
file descriptor querying space 189
closing 365 quotas 164
opening 375, 377 rebalancing 295
file permissions reducing fragmentation 27, 167
control 52 remote 88, 276, 279
GPFS extension 51 repairing 20, 204
file status information 342, 430, 432, 434 restoring with snapshots 289
gpfs_stat_inode_with_xattrs() 436 restripe 74
gpfs_stat_inode_with_xattrs64() 438 restriping 24, 295
file system configuration information, backing up space, querying 25
mmbackupconfig command 30 unmounting 302, 312
using the mmbackupconfig command 30 unmounting on multiple nodes 19
file system descriptor quorum 210 which nodes have mounted 19
file system manager FileInherit 55
changing nodes 13, 128 files
displaying current 244 dsm.sys 30
displaying node currently assigned 13 orphaned 204
file system name 344, 346 rebalancing 292
file system snapshot handle 340 restriping 292
file system space filesets
querying 189 changing 119
file systems creating 142
access control lists 51 deleting 177
adding disks 73 displaying 235
AIX export 61 ID 371
attributes linking 222
changing 22 name 371
displaying 21 quotas 43
backing up 28, 92 unlinking 315
block size 144 FlashCopy image 209
change manager node 128 full backup 394, 396, 405, 408, 411, 414
changing attributes 121
changing attributes for files 96
checking 20, 204, 219
control request 209
G
genkey 89
controlled by GPFS 468
GPFS
creating 144
stopping 302
creating snapshot 156
GPFS cache 61
deleting 19, 180
GPFS cluster
deleting disks 173
adding nodes 6
disk fragmentation 26
changing the GPFS cluster configuration servers 8
displaying attributes 238
creating 5, 138
displaying format version 238
deleting nodes 7
exporting 60, 202
displaying configuration information 5
exporting using NFS 59
managing 5
file system manager
GPFS cluster configuration data 202
displaying 244
GPFS cluster configuration information
format version 121
displaying 228
formatting 145
GPFS cluster configuration server
fragmentation
changing 99
querying 26
primary 100
GPFS control 468
secondary 100
handle 340

486 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

GPFS cluster configuration servers gpfs_iattr_t 358
changing 8 gpfs_iattr64_t 361
choosing 138 gpfs_iclose 31
displaying 5 gpfs_iclose() 365
GPFS cluster data 151 gpfs_ifile_t 366
GPFS commands 65 gpfs_iopen 31
GPFS configuration data 464, 466 gpfs_iopen() 375
GPFS daemon gpfs_iopen64 31
starting 14, 307 gpfs_iopen64() 377
stopping 15, 302 gpfs_iputattrs
GPFS daemon status 216 GPFS_ATTRFLAG_IGNORE_PLACEMENT 369
GPFS directory entry 328, 329 gpfs_iputattrsx
GPFS file system GPFS_ATTRFLAG_NO_PLACEMENT 369
administering 1 gpfs_iputattrsx() 379
GPFS file system snapshot handle 344, 345, 346, 348, 350, 352, GPFS_ATTRFLAG_IGNORE_POOL 379
355 GPFS_ATTRFLAG_NO_PLACEMENT 379
free 339 GPFS_ATTRFLAG_USE_POLICY 379
GPFS policy engine gpfs_iread 31
using 29 gpfs_iread() 381
GPFS programming interfaces 321 gpfs_ireaddir 31
GPFS subroutines 321 gpfs_ireaddir() 383
GPFS user exits 463 gpfs_ireaddir64 31
gpfs_acl_t 324 gpfs_ireaddir64() 385
GPFS_ATTRFLAG_IGNORE_PLACEMENT gpfs_ireadlink() 387
gpfs_iputattrs 369 gpfs_ireadlink64() 389
GPFS_ATTRFLAG_IGNORE_POOL gpfs_ireadx() 391
gpfs_fgetattrs() 333 gpfs_iscan_t 393
gpfs_fputattrs() 335 gpfs_next_inode 31
gpfs_fputattrswithpathname() 337 gpfs_next_inode_with_xattrs() 398
gpfs_iputattrsx() 379 gpfs_next_inode_with_xattrs64() 400
GPFS_ATTRFLAG_INCL_DMAPI gpfs_next_inode() 394
gpfs_iputattrs 369 gpfs_next_inode64 31
GPFS_ATTRFLAG_NO_PLACEMENT gpfs_next_inode64() 396
gpfs_fgetattrs() 333 gpfs_next_xattr() 402
gpfs_fputattrs() 335 gpfs_opaque_acl_t 404
gpfs_fputattrswithpathname() 337 gpfs_open_inodescan 31
gpfs_iputattrsx 369 gpfs_open_inodescan_with_xattrs() 411
gpfs_iputattrsx() 379 gpfs_open_inodescan_with_xattrs64() 414
GPFS_ATTRFLAG_USE_POLICY gpfs_open_inodescan() 405
gpfs_iputattrsx() 379 gpfs_open_inodescan64 31
gpfs_close_inodescan() 325 gpfs_open_inodescan64() 408
gpfs_cmp_fssnapid() 326 gpfs_prealloc() 417
gpfs_direntx_t 328 gpfs_putacl() 419
gpfs_direntx64_t 329 gpfs_quotactl() 44, 421
gpfs_fcntl() 330 gpfs_quotaInfo_t 424
gpfs_fgetattrs() 333 gpfs_seek_inode() 426
GPFS_ATTRFLAG_IGNORE_POOL 333 gpfs_seek_inode64() 428
GPFS_ATTRFLAG_NO_PLACEMENT 333 gpfs_stat_inode_with_xattrs() 436
gpfs_fputattrs() 335 gpfs_stat_inode_with_xattrs64() 438
GPFS_ATTRFLAG_IGNORE_POOL 335 gpfs_stat_inode() 432
GPFS_ATTRFLAG_NO_PLACEMENT 335 gpfs_stat_inode64() 434
gpfs_fputattrswithpathname() 337 gpfs_stat() 430
GPFS_ATTRFLAG_IGNORE_POOL 337 gpfsAccessRange_t 440
GPFS_ATTRFLAG_NO_PLACEMENT 337 gpfsCancelHints_t 441
gpfs_free_fssnaphandle() 339 gpfsClearFileCache_t 442
gpfs_fssnap_handle_t 340 gpfsDataShipMap_t 443
gpfs_fssnap_id_t 341 gpfsDataShipStop_t 448
gpfs_fstat() 342 gpfsFcntlHeader_t 449
gpfs_get_fsname_from_fssnaphandle() 344 gpfsFreeRange_t 450
gpfs_get_fssnaphandle_by_fssnapid() 345 gpfsGetFilesetName_t 451
gpfs_get_fssnaphandle_by_name() 346 gpfsGetReplication_t 452
gpfs_get_fssnaphandle_by_path() 348 gpfsGetSnapshotName_t 454
gpfs_get_fssnapid_from_fssnaphandle() 350 gpfsGetStoragePool_t 455
gpfs_get_pathname_from_fssnaphandle() 352 gpfsMultipleAccessRange_t 456
gpfs_get_snapdirname() 353 gpfsRestripeData_t 458
gpfs_get_snapname_from_fssnaphandle() 355 gpfsSetReplication_t 459
gpfs_getacl() 356 gpfsSetStoragePool_t 461

Index 487
grace period maxMBpS attribute
changing 199 changing 106
setting 199 maxStatCache attribute
group quota 159, 162, 164, 200, 253, 274, 282 changing 106
metadata 97
metadata replica 122
H metadata replication
changing 23
hints
mmaddcallback 68
description 63
mmadddisk 34, 73, 466
subroutine for passing 330
mmaddnode 6, 77
hole 391
mmapplypolicy 80
mmapRangeLock attribute
changing 106
I mmauth 88
I/O caching policy mmbackup 28, 92
changing 96 mmbackupconfig 94
in-doubt value 116, 253, 282 mmchattr 23, 24, 96
incremental backup 394, 396, 405, 408, 411, 414 mmchcluster 8, 99
inheritance of ACLs 55 mmchconfig 9, 60, 61, 102
DirInherit 55 mmchdisk 38, 39, 112
FileInherit 55 mmcheckquota 43, 45, 116
Inherited 55 mmchfileset 119
InheritOnly 55 mmchfs 22, 47, 61, 121
Inherited 55 mmchlicense 126
InheritOnly 55 mmchmgr 128
inode mmchnode 130
attributes 358, 361 mmchnsd 134
inode file handle 365, 366 mmchpolicy 136
inode number 375, 377, 387, 389, 394, 396, 398, 400, 402, 405, mmcrcluster 5, 138
408, 411, 414, 426, 428 mmcrfileset 142
inode scan 391, 394, 396, 398, 400, 402, 426, 428 mmcrfs 17, 47, 55, 61, 144
closing 325 mmcrnsd 34, 151, 298, 465, 466
opening 405, 408, 411, 414 mmcrsnapshot 31, 156
inode scan handle 325, 393 mmdefedquota 159
iscan handle 325 mmdefquotaoff 162
mmdefquotaon 164
mmdefragfs 26, 27, 167
K mmdelacl 54, 55, 58, 170
mmdelcallback 172
kernel memory 96
mmdeldisk 173, 466
mmdelfileset 177
mmdelfs 19, 180
L mmdelnode 7, 182
license inquiries 473 mmdelnsd 185
linking mmdelsnapshot 187
filesets 222 mmdf 25, 189
links to snapshots mmdiag command 192
creating 304 mmeditacl 54, 55, 57, 58, 196
deleting 304 mmedquota 45, 199
lost+found directory 20 mmexportfs 202
MMFS_FSSTRUCT 204
MMFS_SYSTEM_UNMOUNT 204
M mmfsck 204
mmfsctl 209
managing
mmgetacl 53, 57, 58, 213
a GPFS cluster 5
mmgetstate 216
GPFS quotas 43
mmimportfs 219
maxblocksize attribute
mmlinkfileset 222
changing 105
mmlsattr 23, 224
maxFcntlRangesPerFile attribute
mmlscallback 226
changing 106
mmlscluster 5, 228
maxFilesToCache attribute
mmlsconfig 230
changing 106
mmlsdisk 38, 232
maximum number of files
mmlsfileset 235
changing 121
mmlsfs 21, 61, 238
displaying 238
mmlslicense 242

488 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

mmlsmgr 13, 244 nodes (continued)
mmlsmount 19, 246 deleting from a cluster 182
mmlsnsd 33, 248 which have file systems mounted 19
mmlspolicy 251 notices 473
mmlsquota 46, 253 NSD
mmlssnapshot 256, 360, 363 path 262
mmmigratefs 258 NSD failback 41
mmmount 17, 260 NSD server 14, 41, 74, 219
mmnsddiscover 262 NSD server list
mmpmon 264 changing 40, 134
mmputacl 52, 53, 55, 57, 58, 269 NSD server node
mmquotaoff 47, 272 choosing 151
mmquotaon 47, 274 NSD server nodes
mmremotecluster 276 changing 40, 134
mmremotefs 279 NSD volume ID 151, 185
mmrepquota 48, 282 nsdServerWaitTimeForMount
mmrestoreconfig 285 changing 106
mmrestorefs 289 nsdServerWaitTimeWindowOnMount
mmrestripefile 292 changing 107
mmrestripefs 25, 295
completion time 14
mmrpldisk 298
mmshutdown 15, 302
O
operating systems
mmsnapdir 304, 340
AIX, Linux, and Windows ix
mmstartup 15, 307
optimizing file access 63
mmtracectl 309
options
mmumount 19, 312
always 18
mmunlinkfileset 315
asfound 18
mmwinserv service
asneeded 18
managing 318
atime 18
mmwinservctl command 318
mount 18
modifying file system attributes 22
mtime 18
mount point directory 145
never 18
mounting
noatime 18
file systems 17
nomtime 18
mounting a file system 121
nosyncnfs 18
an NFS exported file system 59
syncnfs 18
mtime 146, 405, 408, 411, 414, 430, 432, 434, 467
useNSDserver 18
orphaned files 20

N
Network File System (NFS)
cache usage 61
P
pagepool attribute
exporting a GPFS file system 59
changing 107
interoperability with GPFS 59
partitioning file blocks 445
synchronous writes 61
patent information 473
unmounting a file system 61
peer recovery cluster 209
Network Shared Disks (NSDs) 465
Peer-to-Peer Remote Copy (PPRC) 209
changing configuration attributes 40, 134
performance
creating 151
communicating file access patterns 63
deleting 185
monitoring 264
displaying 248
Persistent Reserve
NFS automount 62
disabling 42
NFS V4 51, 121, 146
enabling 42
NFS V4 ACL 122, 170, 196, 197, 213, 214, 269
policy
GPFS exceptions 468
applying 80
special names 468
PR 42
NFS V4 protocol
prefetchThreads attribute
GPFS exceptions 468
changing 107
node descriptor 77, 139
primary GPFS cluster configuration server 139
node designation 77, 139
principles
node quorum 13
common to GPFS commands 3
node quorum with tiebreaker 8, 13
problem determination information
nodes
placement of 103
adding to a cluster 77
public/private key pair 88
adding to a GPFS cluster 6
assigned as file system manager 13

Index 489
Q server node
restoring NSD path 262
querying server node, NSD
disk fragmentation 26 choosing 151
file system fragmentation 26 setting access control lists 52
replication 23 sidAutoMapRangeLength attribute
space 25 changing 107
quorum 210 sidAutoMapRangeStart attribute
quorum node 138, 182, 216 changing 108
quota files snapshot
replacing 49, 116 temporary 29
quota information 424 snapshot directory 353
quotas snapshot handle 340, 344, 345, 346, 348, 350, 352, 355
activating 274 free 339
activating limit checking 47 snapshot ID 340, 341, 345, 350
changing 45, 199, 421 comparing 326
checking 45, 116 internal 360, 363
creating reports 282 snapshot name 346, 355
deactivating 272 snapshots
deactivating quota limit checking 47 creating 156
default values 44 deleting 187
disabling 44 directory 156
displaying 46, 253 displaying 256
enabling 43 listing 256
establishing 45 maximum number 156
fileset 43 partial 156
group 43 restoring a file system 289
reports, creating 48 sparse file 391
setting 199 specifying
user 43 subnets attribute 108
standards, exceptions to 467
starting GPFS 15, 307
R before starting 14
RAID stripe size 144 status
read file permission 51 disk 38
rebalancing a file 292 stopping GPFS 15
rebalancing a file system 295 storage
refresh NSD server pre-allocating 417
mmnsddiscover 262 storage pools
release attribute ID 373
changing 107 name 373
remote copy command strict 122, 147
changing 99 structures
choosing 138 gpfs_acl_t 324
remote shell command gpfs_direntx_t 328
changing 99 gpfs_direntx64_t 329
choosing 138 gpfs_fssnap_handle_t 340
repairing a file system 20 gpfs_fssnap_id_t 341
replacing disks 37 gpfs_iattr_t 358
replicated cluster 466 gpfs_iattr64_t 361
replication 122, 147 gpfs_ifile_t 366, 367, 369
changing 23 gpfs_iscan_t 393
querying 23, 224 gpfs_opaque_acl_t 404
replication attributes gpfs_quotaInfo_t 424
changing 96 gpfsAccessRange_t 440
replication factor 96 gpfsCancelHints_t 441
requirements gpfsClearFileCache_t 442
administering GPFS 1 gpfsDataShipMap_t 443
for Tivoli Storage Manager 29 gpfsDataShipStart_t 445
restoring NSD path gpfsDataShipStop_t 448
mmnsddiscover 262 gpfsFcntlHeader_t 449
restriping a file 292 gpfsFreeRange_t 450
restriping a file system 24, 295 gpfsGetFilesetName_t 451
gpfsGetReplication_t 452
gpfsGetSnapshotName_t 454
S gpfsGetStoragePool_t 455
gpfsMultipleAccessRange_t 456
secondary GPFS cluster configuration server 140

490 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

structures (continued) supported operating systems
gpfsRestripeData_t 458 AIX, Linux, and Windows ix
gpfsSetReplication_t 459 symbolic link
gpfsSetStoragePool_t 461 reading 387, 389
subnets attribute syncFSconfig 209
specifying 108
subroutines
gpfs_close_inodescan() 325
gpfs_cmp_fssnapid() 326
T
temporary snapshot
gpfs_fcntl() 63, 330
backing up to the TSM server 29
gpfs_fgetattrs() 333
tiebreaker disk 185
gpfs_fputattrs() 335
tiebreakerDisks
gpfs_fputattrswithpathname() 337
changing 108
gpfs_free_fssnaphandle() 339
time it will take to detect that a node has failed
gpfs_fstat() 342
failureDetectionTime attribute 105
gpfs_get_fsname_from_fssnaphandle() 344
timeout period 302
gpfs_get_fssnaphandle_by_fssnapid() 345
Tivoli Storage Manager (TSM)
gpfs_get_fssnaphandle_by_name() 346
setup requirements 30
gpfs_get_fssnaphandle_by_path() 348
using the mmbackup command 92
gpfs_get_fssnapid_from_fssnaphandle() 350
Tivoli Storage Manager requirements 29
gpfs_get_pathname_from_fssnaphandle() 352
trace-recycle
gpfs_get_snapdirname() 353
changing 310
gpfs_get_snapname_from_fssnaphandle() 355
trademarks 474
gpfs_getacl() 356
traditional ACL 122, 196, 197, 213, 214
gpfs_iclose 31
traditional ACLs
gpfs_iclose() 365
NFS V4 ACL 147
gpfs_igetattrs() 367
Windows 147
gpfs_igetattrsx() 369
gpfs_igetfilesetname() 371
gpfs_igetstoragepool() 373
gpfs_iopen 31 U
gpfs_iopen() 375 UID domain 140
gpfs_iopen64 31 uidDomain attribute
gpfs_iopen64() 377 changing 108
gpfs_iputattrsx() 379 unlinking
gpfs_iread 31 filesets 315
gpfs_iread() 381 unmounting a file system 19
gpfs_ireaddir 31 NFS exported 61
gpfs_ireaddir() 383 on multiple nodes 19
gpfs_ireaddir64 31 unmountOnDiskFail attribute
gpfs_ireaddir64() 385 changing 108
gpfs_ireadlink() 387 useNSDserver
gpfs_ireadlink64() 389 values 18
gpfs_ireadx() 391 usePersistentReserve
gpfs_next_inode 31 changing 109
gpfs_next_inode_with_xattrs() 398 user event commands
gpfs_next_inode_with_xattrs64() 400 registering 68
gpfs_next_inode() 394 user exits 463
gpfs_next_inode64 31 mmsdrbackup 464
gpfs_next_inode64() 396 nsddevices 465
gpfs_next_xattr() 402 syncfsconfig 466
gpfs_open_inodescan 31 user quota 160, 162, 164, 200, 253, 274, 282
gpfs_open_inodescan_with_xattrs() 411 user space buffer 96
gpfs_open_inodescan_with_xattrs64() 414 user-defined callbacks
gpfs_open_inodescan() 405 deleting 172
gpfs_open_inodescan64 31 listing 226
gpfs_open_inodescan64() 408 using a clustered NFS subsystem 62
gpfs_prealloc() 417 using the GPFS policy engine
gpfs_putacl() 419 GPFS policy engine 29
gpfs_quotactl() 44, 421
gpfs_seek_inode() 426
gpfs_seek_inode64() 428
gpfs_stat_inode_with_xattrs() 436
V
verbsPorts
gpfs_stat_inode_with_xattrs64() 438
changing 109
gpfs_stat_inode() 432
verbsRdma
gpfs_stat_inode64() 434
changing 109
gpfs_stat() 430

Index 491
W
worker1Threads attribute
changing 109
write file permission 51

492 GPFS: Administration and Programming Reference

Program Number: 5724-N94

5765-G66

Printed in USA

SA23-2221-04

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