MATERIALS ENGINEERS (DPWH) ACCREDITATION EXAM REVIEWER IV
1. In the construction of bridges projects, what is the method used to determine the casting
length of the regular piles?
Test pitting / Test Pile
2. The method of measurement for determining the depth of the river channel.
Sounding
3. The minimum energy per blow of diesel hammer on concrete/steel pile at each stroke.
831.48 kg/m
4. The minimum distance allowed for the top portion of splice below ground line of seabed.
2.5 meters
5. Consist of excavation of river beds, bottom of creeks or esteros and other bodies of water.
Dredging
6. The allowable height of fall in driving piles to avoid using gravity hammer.
2.5m-3.5m (Concrete piles)
4.5 m ( Timber Piles)
7. The main cross member of Bailey bridge that carry the structure
Transom
8. Coring sampling shall be done at ________ interval by using split spoon sampler and the
depth needed is ______.
0ne (1) meter, 30 meter
9. What is the diameter of split spoon sampler?(1kg)
50 mm Ø
10. The uniform sampling run in core drilling
1.5 m length
11. The initial diameter of bore hole.
76 mm
12. What is the core bit diameter?
67 mm
13. The required spacing of bore holes along center line of roads for 300VPD traffic.
250 meters (1.5 m below subgrade)
14. The required spacing of bore holes along center line of roads for less than VPD traffic.
500 m(along center line)
15. The required spacing of bore holes along center line for new road on swampy or marshy
ground.
100m (2m along center line of new road)
16. The required spacing of bore holes for bridge projects.
1 deep drill for each abutment (30m run)
1 boring for each pier for multi-span (3m into the bed rocks)
17. The required spacing and depth of bore holes over foundation area of dam.
60m spacing, 30m intermediate along center line
Depth = ½ times base width
18. For ports and harbour’s projects.
30m to 150m; 1m below dredge bottom(12m min for pier & wharves)
19. For buildings ( large area- greater than 930 m2)
1 bore hole at each corner of the structure and one on the interior (9m below
lowest foundation)
20. For building less than 930 m2
Two (2) boring at opposite corners
21. Slope of battered piles.
1: 6
22. The minimum penetration of preservatives into the surface of timber is
20 mm
23. The engineer shall be notified at least _____ before the treating process of timber.
10 days
24. This was placed on the edges of landing for the purpose of preventing the vessels or ship
from getting direct contract with the pier.
Timber Walling
25. Minimum thickness and covering for rubble concrete is
30cm. (12”) & 5cm.(2”) respectively.
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MATERIALS ENGINEERS (DPWH) ACCREDITATION EXAM REVIEWER IV
26. Size requirement of stone masonry
T = 150mm (6”)
W = 1.5 T
L = 1.5W
27. This paint that is prepared especially for tree surgery is required for cut or scarred surface of
trees or shrubs selected for retention.
Asphaltum Base Paint
28. Minimum depth of undisturbed stumps & roots and non-perishable solid objects below sub-
grade or slope of embankment that will not be subjected for removal.
1.0 meter below sub-grade
29. The height at which the diameter of tree should be measured.
1.4m above the ground
30. The limiting diameter of tree trunk to be considered as small.
over 150mm to 900mm
31. For large trees.
over 900mm
32. This shall be made of steel wire triple twisted to form a uniform hexagonal mesh pattern.
Gabions
33. Minimum density of gabions.
1,400 kg/cu.m
34. Gabion dimensions are subject to tolerance limit of ______ of the manufactured state.
± 3%
35. Minimum size of galvanized steel wire.
a) 2.70 mm Ø (0.106”) US gauge No.12
36. The required tensile strength of the wire.
a) 413.7 – 506.10 MPa or 60,000 – 85,000 psi
37. The minimum zinc coating of the wire.
a) 22.70 grams / 0.929 sq.m or 0.080 oz/sq.ft
38. Area of mesh opening.
a) 51.6 sq.cm or 8 sq.inch
39. What is the wire used in tying the perimeter edges of mesh forming the gabions
a) Selvage Wire
40. What is the size of the selvage wire?
a) 3.40 mm Ø or (0.134” Ø) (1988 specs)
b) US wire gauge No. 10 (1995 specs)
41. What is the diameter of tie wire?
2.2mm (min.) or Gauge #16
42. Rate of application of glass bead in thermoplastic paints.
350 g/l of glass bead
43. Required thickness of thermoplastic paint application on pavement.
3.2 to 4.8 mm
44. Required temperature of reflectorized thermoplastic paint during application.
211 ± 7˚C
45. Is the solid portion of paint, the finely divided solid particles used in paint?
Pigments
46. This is the liquid portion of the paint.
Vehicle
47. Are inert materials which are added to the paint to increase the volume without increasing the
cost?
Extenders
48. What is the required testing requirement for paints?
1 can (gal or pail) / 100cans (gals or pail)
49. Intended for used for concrete or other masonry surface.
Latex Paint
50. Paint from emulsions of polymer in H 2O as binder with suitable pigment, which is substantially
free from gloss.
Flat Latex Paint
51. Intended for used on wood surface, a special type of paint made with varnish as the vehicle.
Enamel Paint
52. For interior use, made from alkyd resin as binder with suitable pigment.
Flat Wall Enamel
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MATERIALS ENGINEERS (DPWH) ACCREDITATION EXAM REVIEWER IV
53. For exterior use, made from alkyd resin as binder with suitable pigment which has sheen,
shine or luster.
Gloss/ Semi-gloss enamel
54. A bright orange-red tetroxide used as primarily constituents of anti-corrosive primers for iron
or steel.
Red Lead
55. A pigment mainly of Ferric Oxide.
Red Oxide
56. This kind of paint is primarily intended for use on steel structure.
Aluminium Paint
57. For zone marking, traffic lanes, should possess improve visibility at night.
Reflectorized Traffic Paint
58. Reflectorized paint is composed of ______.
35% vehicle, 50% pigment, 15% beads
59. Reflectorized Thermoplastic Pavement Markings
item 612
60. What kind of paint that has a reflectance or beads?
Reflectorized Paint
61. An ingredient in the paint that gives reflection during night time.
Glass beads
62. What is the rate of application of traffic paint to the pavement?
a) 0.33 L/sq.m
63. The maximum specific gravity of thermoplastic paint.
2.15
64. The softening point of a thermoplastic paint.
102.5⁰C
65. The maximum drying time of thermoplastic paint.
10 minutes
66. The rate of application of traffic paint.
0.33 lit/m2
67. The maximum drying time of traffic paint.
15 – 30 minutes
68. The minimum weight of sample of reflectorized paint.
10 kgs
69. This reflector shall be the short type having a minimum base area of 180mm x 140mm.
Flush Surface Reflector
70. Paint is used for asphalt pavement
Reflectorized Paint
71. Paint used for concrete pavement
Thermoplastic Paint
72. Moisture content of well-seasoned wood
12 – 18%
73. The minimum thickness of aluminium sheeting required for warning, regulatory and
informatory signs.
a) 3mm thick
74. What is the shape of warning signs?
a) Triangular Shapes
75. Regulatory Signs
a) Circular Shapes
76. Informatory Signs
a) Rectangular Shapes
77. The average loss in weight of three specimens in zinc coating test.
Triple spot test
78. One the three specimens in the triple spot test with lightest coating.
Single spot test
79. What is the diameter & fall of the metal ball to the dropped to the aluminium sheeting that will
determine if there will be cracking or reduction of reflectivity of road signs?
25mm Ø, 2.0 meter high
80. This shall consist of beads of good quality optically clear, lead – free glass with not less than
90% reasonably spherical and free from flaws.
Ballotini for Reflective Road Paint
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MATERIALS ENGINEERS (DPWH) ACCREDITATION EXAM REVIEWER IV
81. What is the required size of test specimen for G.I. sheets
3pcs – 60mm in 1 sht/100 sheets
82. This method is usually adopted when there is no visible evidence of termite infestation.
Cordoning
83. This method is used when soil shows termite infestation.
Drenching
84. Moisture content of roughed lumber should not exceed ________.
22%
85. Moisture content of dressed lumber should not exceed ________.
14%
86. Design pressure of glass on glazed position.
244 kg/m2
87. The minimum pressure of testing water tank.
1,033.50 KPa
88. Longitudinal gutter grades shall not be flatter than ______.
0.12%
89. Allowance for sediments or debris provided in design.
20%
90. It is the digging of soil after the final marking of the building outline has been established on
the ground.
Minor excavation
91. It requires wide excavation of total extraction bearing capacity.
Footing
92. This shall be conducted for buildings three (3) storey and above.
Boring Test
93. The minimum depth of CHB wall footing of other minor structure on the ground.
700mm
94. The minimum depth footing on a well compacted fill.
1000mm
95. Typically a plain or reinforced concrete that is usually provided to support a column.
Spread Footing
96. The process of cutting the branches around a tree on the roadside to make them denser and
grow straight.
Pruning
97. The road near or abutting a bridge.
Approach
98. For pavement markings, the composition of white paint shall be __% pigment and _____% of
vehicle
Ans... 42 – 45 % pigment; 53 – 55% vehicle
99. The composition of yellow paint shall be _______ pigment and ______ vehicle.
Ans.. 23% pigment and 77% vehicle
100. The ___ material shall be of such quality that it will not darken or become yellow when a
thin section is exposed to sunlight.
Ans.. Nonvolatile material
101. This is a reflector which shall be the short base type having a maximum base area of 180
mm x 140 mm.
Ans. Flash surface reflective stud
102. The pads shall be highly resilient and durable rubber reinforced with canvas and shall have
a design life of at least ______
Ans. Five ( 5 ) years
103. The reflectors shall have the minimum specific intensity value expressed as ______ of
illumination.
Ans. candle power per foot candle
104. The reflector shall support a vertical load of _____ when tested.
Ans. 10 KN
105. When raised profile type reflectors are specified, the approved _______ epoxy adhesive
shall be used.
Ans two (2) parts
106. The glass beads used in traffic paint shall have minimum of____ % true spheres.
Ans. 70%
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MATERIALS ENGINEERS (DPWH) ACCREDITATION EXAM REVIEWER IV
107. The glass beads shall have a minimum refractive index of ______.
Ans. 1.50
108. The white thermoplastic material shall not exceed a yellowish index of __.
Ans. 0.12
109. The thermoplastic material shall have a maximum percent residue of _____ after heating at
8 ± 0.5 hours at 218 ± 2*C
Ans. 28%
110. The softening point of thermoplastic paint should be _______.
Ans. 102.5 ± 9.5⁰C
111. The contractor shall give the Engineer at least _______ days’ notice prior to the beginning
of work at the mill or shop where the metal structure has been manufactured or fabricated,
so that the required inspection may be made.
a) 14 c) 21
b) 17 d) 15
112. H o w m a n y d a y s s h a l l t h e E n g i n e e r i s n o t i f i e d i n a d v a n c e o f t h e d a t e
that the treating process will be performed in order that the untreated lumber, the treatment
process and the finished treatment timber may all be inspected?
a) 15 days c) 10 days
b) 21 days d) 7 days
113. Lumber is considered well-seasoned when its moisture content is between _____.
a) 10 to 16% c) 10 to14%
b) 14 to 18% d) 15 to 20%
114. Paint contains _____ of pigment and _____ vehicle.
a) 20 % & 80 % c) 79 % & 21 %
b) 21 % & 79 % d) 80 % & 20 %
115. Minimum thickness of bedding materials beneath the pipe is _____.
a) 100 mm b) 150 mm c) 200 mm
116. Tolerance of gabion dimension is _________________.
a) ± 1% c) ±3 %
b) ± 2 % d) ±4 %
117. Minimum size of galvanized wire mesh is ____________.
a) 2.0 mm c) 2.7 mm
b) 2.2 mm d) 3.4 mm
118. Minimum density of gabions is ___________.
a) 1,000 kg/cu. m c) 1,400 kg/cu. m
b) 1,200 kg/cu. m d) 1,500 kg/cu. m
119. Soundness loss of field gabions is __________________.
a) 9 % after 5 cycles c) 11 % after 5 cycles
b) 10 % after 5 cycles d) 12 % after 5 cycles
120. The heating temperature of reflectorized thermoplastic material during application is __
a) 130 +/- 7* C b) 150 +/- 7* C c) 211 ± 7* C
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MATERIALS ENGINEERS (DPWH) ACCREDITATION EXAM REVIEWER IV
DPWH STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS
(2004) BLUE BOOK
121. Part C - Earthworks
Item 100 – Clearing and Grubbing
Item 101 - Removal of Structures and Obstructions
Item 1o2 - Excavation
Item 103 - Structure Excavation
Item 104 – Embankment
Item 105 – Subgrade Preparation
Item 106 – Compaction Equipment and density Control strip
Item 107 – Overhaul
122. Part D - Sub-base & Base Course
Item 200 – Aggregate Subbase Course
Item 201 – Aggregate Base Course
Item 202 – Crushed Aggregate Base Course
Item 203 – Lime Stabilized Road Mix Base Course
Item 204 – Portland Cement Stabilized Road Mix Base Course
Item 205 – Asphalt Stabilized Road Mix Base Course
Item 206 – Portland Cement Treated Plant Mix Base Course
Item 207 – Aggregate Stockpile
123. Part E - Surface Course
Item 300 – Aggregate Surface Course
Item 301 – Bituminous Prime Coat
Item 302 – Bituminous Tack Coat
Item 303 – Bituminous Seal Coat
Item 304 – Bituminous Surface Treatment
Item 305 – Bituminous Penetration Macadam Pavement
Item 306 – Bituminous Road Mix Surface Course
Item 307 – Bituminous Plant Mix Surface Course – General
Item 308 – Cold Asphalt Plant-Mix
Item 309 – Bituminous Plant-Mix (Stockpile Maintenance Mixture)
Item 310 – Bituminous Concrete Surface Course, Hot Laid
Item 311 – Portland Cement Concrete Pavement
124. Part F - Bridge Construction
Item 400 – Piling
Item 401 – Railings
Item 402 – Timber Structures
Item 403 – Metal Structures
Item 404 – Reinforcing Steel
Item 405 – Structural concrete
Item 406 – Pre-stressed Concrete Structures
Item 407 – Concrete Structures
Item 408 – Steel Bridges
Item 409 – Welded Structural Steel
Item 410 – Treated and Untreated Timber
Item 411 – Paint
Item 412 – Elastomeric Bearing Pads
Item 413 – Pre-Molded Joint Filler for Concrete Paving and Structural
Construction
125. Part G - Drainage & Slope Protection Structures
Item 500 – Pipe Culverts and Storm Drainage
Item 501 – Underdrains
Item 502 – Manhole, Inlets and Catch Basins
Item 503 – Drainage Steel Grating with Frame
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MATERIALS ENGINEERS (DPWH) ACCREDITATION EXAM REVIEWER IV
Item 504 – Cleaning and Reconditioning Existing Drainage Structures
Item 505 – Riprap and Grouted Riprap
Item 506 – Stone Masonry
Item 507 – Rubble Concrete
Item 508 – Hand-laid Rock Embankment
Item 509 – Sheet Piles
Item 510 – Concrete Slope Protection
Item 511 – Gabions and Mattresses
126. Part H - Miscellaneous Structures
Item 600 – Curb and Gutter
Item 601 – Sidewalk
Item 602 – Monuments, Markers and Guide Post
Item 603 – Guard Rail
Item 604 – Fencing
Item 605 – Road Sign
Item 606 – Pavement Markings
Item 607 – Reflective Pavement Studs
Item 608 – Top Soil
Item 609 – Sprigging
Item 610 – Sodding
Item 611 – Tree Planting
Item 612 – Reflective Thermoplastic Stripping Material (Solid Form)
127. Part I - Materials Details
Item 700 – Hydraulic Cement
Item 701 – Construction Lime (Hydrated)
Item 702 – Bituminous Materials
Item 703 – Aggregates
Item 703A – Mineral Filler
Item 704 – Masonry Units
Item 705 – Joint Materials
Item 706 – Concrete Clay, Plastic and Fiber Pipe
Item 707 – Metal Pipe
Item 708 – Chemical Admixtures for Concrete
Item 709 – Paints
Item 710 – Reinforcing Steel and Wire Rope
Item 711 – Fence and Guardrail
Item 712 – Structural Metal
Item 713 – Treated and Untreated Timber
Item 714 – Water
Item 715 - Geotextiles
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MATERIALS ENGINEERS (DPWH) ACCREDITATION EXAM REVIEWER IV
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR SUBMISSION OF SAMPLES
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MATERIALS ENGINEERS (DPWH) ACCREDITATION EXAM REVIEWER IV
Minimum Quantity of
Minimum Testing
Materials Materials for Each Sample
Requirements
Submitted
Cement 1 sample per 2000 bags 10 kgs
Hydrated Lime 1 sample per 100 Tons
Asphaltic Materials 1 sample per 40 Tons or 200 5 liters
drums
Asphalt Mix 1 sample per 130 Tons 20 kgs
Coarse Aggregates 70 kgs
1 sample per 1,500 cu.m.
Fine Aggregates 50 kgs
Soil Aggregates
a) Classification 20 kgs
b) Routinary Test 1 sample per 1,500 cu.m. 50 kgs
c) MDR Test and CBR 50 kgs
Non-reinforced Concrete Pipes
2 pcs min/0.5% of no. of pipes 2 pipes (1 m length)
(NRCP)
1 sample per 50 pcs or 2% of no.
Reinforced Concrete Pipes (RCP) 1 pipe (1 m length)
of pipes
2 pcs of 100 mm long taken
Galvanized Steel Pipe (G.I. Pipe) 1 sample per 500 length
from both ends with thread
Concret Hollow Blocks
a) strength 3 units
1 sample per 10,000 units
b) moisture content 3 units
Reinforcing Steel Bar 1 sample per 10 Tons/ size 1m
Galvanized Steel Sheets 1 sample per 100 sheets 3 pcs 60mm x 60mm
Reduced section as
Stuctural Steel/Sheets 1 sample per 50Tons
prescribed
Wire Strand 1 sample per 20 Tons 2m
Gabions 1m x 2m
Paints 1 sample per 100 cans 1 - 4L can
Joint -filler (pre-molded) 1 - 400 mm x 400mm
Curing Compound 1L
Concrete Cylinder 1 sample per 75 cu.m. 1 set (3 cylinders)
Concrete Beam 1 sample per 75 cu.m. or 1 day 1 set (3 beams)
pouring
Concrete Core 5 core holes/Km/lane
Asphalt Core 1 core hole /100 m
Water
a) chemical analysis 500 ml
b) sediment load analysis 500 ml
MINIMUM WEIGHT OF SAMPLE FOR MOISTURE CONTENT
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MATERIALS ENGINEERS (DPWH) ACCREDITATION EXAM REVIEWER IV
Seive No. (passing) Weight
No. 40 (0.425mm) 25 grams
No. 10 (2.0 mm) 50 grams
No. 4 (4.75mm) 200 grams
½" (12.5 mm) 300 grams
1" (25.0 mm) 500 grams
2" (50.0 mm) 1000 grams
COMMON LABORATORY TESTS
Test Duration per Sample
Kind of Materials Type of Test
(min # of days)
Cement Physical and Chemical 8
Coarse Aggregates Grading 3
Specific Gravity 3
Absorption 3
Abrasion 1
Unit weight 1
Fine Aggregates Grading 3
Specific Gravity 3
Absorption 3
Unit weight 1
Soil Aggregates Mixtures Grading 3
(subbase,base&surface courses)
Liquid Limit 3
Plastic Limit
Compaction 2
CBR 7
Abrasion 1
Asphalt Physical 4
Paint Physical and Chemical 4
Concrete Cylinder Compressive 1
Concrete Beam Flexural 1
Concrete Core Cutting of sample 1
LIMITATIONS / VARIATIONS
Item
Item 105 Item 200 Item 201 Item 202 Item 203 Item 300
104
Abrasion Loss 50% max 50% max 45% max 50% max 45% max
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MATERIALS ENGINEERS (DPWH) ACCREDITATION EXAM REVIEWER IV
6%
Plastic Index
max 12% max 6% max 6% max 4% - 10% 4% - 9%
30%
Liquid Limit
max 35% max 25% max 25% max 35% max
Thickness of +15mm
± 20mm ± 10mm
Layer - 5mm
Level of +20mm +10mm +5mm +15mm
Surface -30mm -20mm -10mm - 5mm
Surface
irrigularity (3-
30mm 20mm 5mm 5mm
m straight
edge)
Design
crossfall or ± 0.5% ± 0.3% ± 0.2% ± 0.2%
camber
Longitudinal
grade over ± 0.1% ± 0.1% ± 0.1% ± 0.1%
25m lentgh
80% min
California
(crushed)
Bearing Ratio 25% min 80% min 80% min 100%
25% min
(CBR)
(ord)
Item 104 - Embankment Item 202-Crushed Aggregate Base Coarse
Item 105 - Sub-grade Item 203-Lime Stabilized Road mix Base Coarse
Item 200-Aggregate
Item 300-Aggregate Surface Coarse
Subbase
Item 201-Aggregate Base
Coarse
MINERAL FILLER SHALL BE GRADE
HYDRATED LIME SHALL CONFORM TO THE FOLLOWING
WITH THE FOLLOWING LIMITS (703-
REQUIREMENTS (701)
A)
Mass %
Sieve Size Mass % passing
passing Sieve Size
No. 30 (0.6mm) 100 No. 20 (0.84mm) 100
No 50 (0.25mm) 95 - 100 No. 200 (0.075mm) 85 - 100
No. 200 (0.075mm) 70 - 100
SIEVES SIZES REMOVAL OF FORMS
No. 200 0.075 mm Scope of Work Minimum Time Min % of Design
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MATERIALS ENGINEERS (DPWH) ACCREDITATION EXAM REVIEWER IV
Strength
No 100 0.150 mm Centering under
No. 60 0.300 mm girders, beams, 14 days 80%
No. 50 0.250 mm frames or arches
No. 40 0.425 mm Floor Slabs 14 days 70%
No. 30 0.600 mm Walls 1 day 70%
No. 20 0.840 mm Columns 2 days 70%
No. 16 1.180 mm Sides of beams and
No. 12 1.700 mm all other vertical 1 day 70%
No. 10 2.000 mm surfaces
No. 8 2.360 mm
No. 4 4.750 mm
½" 12.5 mm
¾" 19.0 mm
1" 25.0 mm
1½" 37.5 mm
2" 50.00 mm
2½" 63.00 mm
3" 75.00 mm
COMPOSITION & STRENGTH OF CONCRETE FOR USE IN STRUCTURE
Min comp strength
Minimum Consist
of concrete
cement Maximum water- ency Size of coarse
cylinder 150mm Ø
content per cement ratio range in aggregates
Class x 300 mm h @28th
cu.m. slump
days
mm sq. opening(std
kgs (bags) kg/kg MN/m2 (psi)
(inch) mm)
50 - 100 37.5 - 4.75 (1½ -
A 360 (9) 0.53 20.7 (3,000)
(2 - 4) # 4)
50 - 100 50.0 - 4.75 (2 -
B 320 (8.5) 0.58 16.5 (2,400)
(2 - 4) # 4)
50 - 100 12/5 - 4.75 (½ -
C 380 (9.5) 0.55 20.7 (3,000)
(2 - 4) # 4)
100
19.0 - 4.75 (¾ -
P 440 (11) 0.49 max (4 37.7 (5,000)
# 4)
max)
100 -
25.0 - 4.75 (1 -
Seal 380 (9.5) 0.58 200 (4 - 20.7 (3,000)
# 4)
8)
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MATERIALS ENGINEERS (DPWH) ACCREDITATION EXAM REVIEWER IV
Payment Adjustment for Pavement with Payment Adjustment for Pavement with
Deficiency in Strength Deficiency in Thickness
Percent (%) of Deficiency in the
Deficiency in strength Percent(%) of Contract
Contract Price average thickness
Percent (%) Price per lot
Allowed per lot (mm)
Less than 5% 100% 0-5 100%
5% to less than 10% 80% 6 - 10 95%
10% to less than 15% 70% 11 - 15 85%
15% to less than 20% 60% 16 - 20 70%
20% to less than 25% 50% 21 - 25 50%
removed & replace (no
25% or more 0% more than 25
payment)
DIMENSION OF PILES
Ø (1 m from butt)
Length of Pile Min tip Diameter Ø
minimum maximum
less than 12m 300 mm 450 mm 200 mm
12m - 18 m 320 mm 450 mm 180 mm
more than 18 m 350 mm 500 mm 150 mm
MINIMUM LAP FOR SPLICING
Grade 40 Grade 60
Tension 24 times bar Ø 36 times bar Ø
Compression 20 times bar Ø 24 times bar Ø
DETAILS OF WELDS
Size of Fillet welds Maximum Thickness of Parts
5 mm 13 mm
6 mm 9 mm
8 mm 32 mm
10 mm 51 mm
13 mm 152 mm
16 mm 152 mm & above
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