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Other Learning Resources For B,
∵ The sum of the lengths of the two shorter line
segments
Integrated Exercise B (5 8) cm
13 cm
Part A
14 cm
1. Answer: C
∴ The set of line segments cannot form a triangle.
∵ DC is the angle bisector of ACB.
∴ ACD DCB 34 For C,
∵ AB AC ∵ The sum of the lengths of the two shorter line
segments
∴ ABC ACB (base s, isos. △)
(6 8) cm
ACD DCB
14 cm
34 34
12 cm
68
∴ The set of line segments can form a triangle.
In △ABC,
BAC ABC ACB 180 ( sum of △) For D,
∵ The sum of the lengths of the two shorter line
BAC 68 68 180 segments
BAC 44 (3 3) cm
6 cm
2. Answer: D 7 cm
∵ AB, BC and BD are three altitudes of △ABC and they ∴ The set of line segments cannot form a triangle.
meet at its orthocentre.
∴ Bis the orthocentre of △ABC. 6. Answer: C
∵ PQRS is a parallelogram.
3. Answer: A ∴ OP OR (diags. of // gram)
For I, 7 x x3
∵ BD DC
2x 4
∴ AD is a median of △ABC.
∴ I is true. x2
For II, OQ OS (diags. of // gram)
∵ CE is an altitude of △ABC but it may not bisect AB. OQ 5(2) cm
∴ II may not be true. 10 cm
For III, it is true only if △ABC is an equilateral triangle. QS OQ OS
∴ III may not be true. (10 10) cm
20 cm
∴ The answer is A.
4. Answer: A 7. Answer: A
For I, AEF AGF (opp. ∠s of // gram)
∵ PQ PR and PS QR 124
∴ QS SR (prop. of isos. △) BED AEF (vert. opp. ∠s)
∴ PS is a median of △PQR. 124
∴ I is true. BDE 45 (property of square)
For II, In △BDE,
∵ PQ PR and PS QR EBD 180 BED BDE (∠ sum of △)
∴ RPS SPQ (prop. of isos. △) 180 124 45
∴ PS is the angle bisector of RPQ. 11
i.e. The incentre of △PQR lies on PS.
∴ II is true. 8. Answer: B
For III, it is true only if △PQR is an equilateral triangle. In △AFG,
∴ III may not be true. ∵ AD (3 3) cm 6 cm DF and
The answer is A. AE (2 2) cm 4 cm EG
1
5. Answer: C ∴ DE FG (mid-pt. theorem)
For A, 2
1
∵ The sum of the lengths of the two shorter line y 10
segments 2
5
(4 7) cm
11 cm
∴ The set of line segments cannot form a triangle.
129
Mathematics in Action (3rd Edition) 3A Full Solutions
In △ADE, 11. Answer: C
∵ AB BD and AC CE
12. Answer: B
1
∴ BC DE (mid-pt. theorem)
2 13. Answer: C
1
x 5
2
2.5
∴ x y 2 .5 5
7.5
9. Answer: A Point A connects to 4 edges after folding. However, each
vertex of the base of a square pyramid connects to only
3 edges.
14. Answer: A
15. Answer: A
∵ CE is the projection of BE on plane CFED.
∴ BEC is the angle between BE and plane CFED.
Join GF. Part B
∵ ABCD is a parallelogram. 16. (a) In △CAY,
∴ AB DC (opp. sides of // gram) ACY 180 90 CAY ∠ sum of △
∵ AB DE 90 CAY
∴ DE DC In △ABC,
∵ DE DC and FD // BE YBC ABC
180 90 CAB ∠ sum of △
∴ BF FC (intercept theorem)
90 CAB
∴ II must be true.
∵ CAY CAB
∵ DE DC and GD // BC
∴ ACY YBC
∴ EG GB (intercept theorem)
∵ BG GE and BF FC (b) In △APC,
∴ FG // CE (mid-pt. theorem) CPX CAP ACY ext. of △
∵ BA// FG and AG // BF In △ABX,
∴ ABFG is a parallelogram. PXC BAX YBC ext. of △
∴ AG BF (opp. sides of // gram) ∵ CAP BAX given
∴ I must be true.
and ACY YBC proved in (a)
∴ The answer is A.
∴ CPX PXC
10. Answer: A ∴ CP CX sides opp. equal s
Let BC = x cm and CD = y cm.
∵ AE // FC and CE // FA Alternative Solution
Let CAX PAY .
∴ AFCE is a parallelogram.
In △ACX,
∴ AE FC (opp. sides of // gram)
CXP 180 90 ∠ sum of △
AD DE BC BF
90
∵ AD BC (property of rectangle)
In △APY,
∴ DE BF
APY 180 90 ∠ sum of △
∵ BC : FB 3 : 1
90
x
∴ BF cm CPX APY 90 vert. opp. ∠s
3
∴ CPX CXP
∵ Area of ABCD = 54 cm2
∴ CP CX sides opp. equal ∠s
∴ xy 54
1 17. (a) ∵ I is the incentre of △ABC.
Area of △DFE DE CD
2 ∴ BAI CAI ,
1 x ABI CBI x and
y cm 2
2 3 BCI ACI y
xy In △ABC,
cm 2
6 BAC ABC ACB 180 sum of △
54 70 x x y y 180
cm 2
6 70 2( x y ) 180
9 cm 2
2( x y ) 110
x y 55
130
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(b) In △BIC, ∵ ACB 45 (property of square)
BIC CBI BCI 180 ( sum of △) ∴ BCF ACF ACB
BIC x y 180 77.5 45
BIC 55 180 32.5
BIC 125
(b) x BCF (opp. ∠s of // gram)
32.5
18. Since the side of length 12 cm can be one of the equal CFE BCF 180 (int.∠s, BC // EF)
sides or the base, we have to consider two cases:
( y 77.5) 32.5 180
Case 1:
The side of length 12 cm is one of the equal sides. y 70
12 cm 12 cm 21. ∵ ABCD is a rhombus.
∴ DA // CB (property of rhombus)
x cm ∴ DAB 180 ABC (int.∠s, DA // CB)
Let x cm be the length of the base. 180 108
Then, x 2 12 48 72
x 24 ∵ DAC BAC (property of rhombus)
∵ The sum of the lengths of the two shorter sides 1
∴ CAB DAB
(12 12) cm 2
24 cm 1
72
∴ It is impossible to form a triangle in this case. 2
Case 2: 36
The side of length 12 cm is the base. ∵ APQC is a rhombus.
∴ EAB EAC (property of rhombus)
1
∴ EAB CAB
2
y cm y cm
1
36
2
18
12 cm In △ABE,
Let y cm be the length of each equal side. AEB 180 EAB ABE (∠ sum of △)
Then, 2 y 12 48 180 18 108
y 18 54
The length of the longest side = 18 cm q AEB (vert. opp. ∠s)
∵ The sum of the lengths of the remaining two sides 54
(12 18) cm
30 cm
22. ∵ AF // BE // CD and AB BC
18 cm ∴ FG GC and FE ED (intercept theorem)
∴ A triangle can be formed in this case.
1
∴ The lengths of the other two sides are both 18 cm. ∴ GE CD (mid-pt. theorem)
2
1
19. OBC CDO (opp. ∠s of // gram) 12 cm
2
55
6 cm
∵ OB OP (radii)
∴ OPB OBP (base∠s, isos. △)
23. (a) There are 5 planes of reflection in the prism.
55
a OPB (alt.∠s, OD // BP) (b) The prism has 5 axes of rotational symmetry. 1 axis
55 of 4-fold rotational symmetry and 4 axes of 2-fold
rotational symmetry.
20. (a) ∵ AC AF
24. (a) (i) Number of dots on face X 2
∴ ACF AFC (base s, isos. △)
In △AFC, (ii) Number of dots on face Y 6
CAF ACF AFC 180 (∠ sum of △) (iii) Number of dots on face Z 4
25 2ACF 180
ACF 77.5 (b) (i) Points E and G will coincide with point C.
(ii) Point B will coincide with point H.
131
Mathematics in Action (3rd Edition) 3A Full Solutions
25. 28. (a) (i) ∵ AD is a median of △ABC.
∴ BD DC
∴ BC BD DC 2 DC
1
∴ DC BC
2
Let h cm be the height of △ADC when we take
DC as its base.
26. (a) ∵ GB is the projection of HB on plane BCGF. Area of △ADC
∴ HBG is the angle between HB and plane 1
DC h cm
BCGF. 2
1 1
BC h cm
(b) ∵ HAB and ABCD intersect at AB, HA AB and 2 2
DA AB . 1
∴ HAD is the angle between planes HAB and area of △ABC
2
ABCD. 1
a cm 2
Part C 2
27. (a) ∵ O is the centroid of △ABC. given a
cm 2
∴ AQ is a median of △ABC. 2
∴ BQ QC (ii) ∵ CF is a median of △ADC.
∵ O is the orthocentre of △ABC. given ∴ AF FD
∴ AQ is an altitude of △ABC. ∴ AD AF FD 2 FD
∴ AQ BC 1
In △ABQ and △ACQ, ∴ FD AD
2
AQ AQ common side Let h cm be the height of △CFD when we take
BQ CQ proved FD as its base.
∵ AQ BC proved Area of △CFD
∴ AQB AQC 90 1
FD h cm
∴ △ABQ △ACQ SAS 2
1 1
(b) ∵ △ABQ △ACQ proved in (a) AD h cm
2 2
∴ BAQ CAQ corr. s, △s 1
∴ AQ is an angle bisector of area of △ADC
2
△ABC. 1 a
By using similar proofs in (a), cm 2
2 2
we have
△BCR △BAR and a
cm 2
△CAP △CBP SAS 4
∴ CBR ABR and
ACP BCP corr. s, △s (b) ∵ DE is a median of △CFD.
∴ BR and CP are the angle ∴ CE EF
bisectors of △ABC. ∴ CF CE EF 2 EF
∴ O is the incentre of △ABC. 1
∴ EF CF
2
(c) ∵ △ABQ △ACQ (proved in (a)) Let h cm be the height of △DEF when we take EF
∴ AB AC (corr. sides, △s) as its base.
∵ △BCR △BAR (proved in (b)) Area of △DEF
∴ BC BA (corr. sides, △s) 1
EF h cm
∴ AB BC AC 2
∴ BAC 60 (prop. of equil. △) 1 1
CF h cm
In quadrilateral APOR, 2 2
PAR APO POR ARO (4 2) 180 1
area of △CFD
( sum of polygon) 2
60 90 POR 90 360 1 a
cm 2
POR 120 2 4
a
cm2
8
Area of △ ABC a cm 2
Area of △ DEF a cm 2
8
8
132
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∴ The ratio of the area of △ABC to that of 32. (a) ∵ EH AC (given)
△DEF is equal to 8 : 1. ∴ EHG 90
BGH 90 (property of square)
29. (a) ∵ O is the circumcentre of △ABC and BD = DC. ∵ AEFC is a rhombus.
∴ ODR is the perpendicular bisector of BC. ∴ AC // EF
EHG HEB 180 (int. ∠s, GH // BE)
(b) In △BDP and △CDQ,
90 HEB 180
BPD CQD alt. s, BO // RC
HEB 90
BDP CDQ vert. opp. s
BGH GBE 180 (int. ∠s, GH // BE)
BD CD given
90 GBE 180
∴ △BDP △CDQ AAS
GBE 90
(c) ∵ △BDP △CDQ (proved in (b)) ∴ BEHG is a rectangle.
∴ DP DQ (corr. sides, △s)
(b) AE AC property of rhombus
In △DOP and △DRQ,
AC BD property of square
DOP DRQ (alt. s, BO // RC)
BD 2 BG property of square
ODP RDQ (vert. opp. s)
HE BG property of rectangle
∴ △DOP △DRQ (AAS) ∴ AE 2 HE
∴ OP RQ (corr. sides, △s)
(c) AE 2 HE
30. (a) In △AEB and △CFD,
HE 1
ABD CDB alt.∠s, AB // DC
AE 2
ABE 180 ABD adj. ∠s on st. line
1
180 CDB sin EAH
2
CDF adj. ∠s on st. line
EAH 30
AB CD opp. sides of // gram BAC 45 (property of square)
BE DF given ∴ BAE BAC EAH
∴ △AEB △CFD SAS
45 30
15
(b) ∵ △AEB △CFD proved in (a)
∴ AE CF corr. sides, △s
AEB CFD corr. ∠s, △s 33. (a)
∴ AE // FC alt. ∠s equal
∴ AECF is a parallelogram. opp. sides equal
and //
31. (a) ∵ QD BD given
∴ QDB 90
(b) Total surface area of the solid in (a)
AKB 90 property of rhombus
(6 5 3 2 5 6 2) cm 2
QDB 30 cm 2
∴ QD // AC corr. ∠s equal
In △BDQ, 34. (a) (i) OC is the projection of VC on plane ABCD.
∵ BK KD property of rhombus (ii) VCO is the angle between VC and plane
and PK // QD ABCD.
∴ BP PQ intercept theorem
∵ BK KD and BP PQ (b) BC is the line of intersection of planes VBC and
1 ABCD.
∴ PK QD mid-pt. theorem In △VBC,
2
∵ △VBC is an isosceles triangle with VB = VC and
QD 2 PK
M is the mid-point of BC.
AK given
∴ VM BC (prop. of isos. △)
In square ABCD,
(b) ∵ QD AK (proved in (a)) ∵ OB OC (property of square)
KC (property of rhombus) and BM MC (given)
QD // KC (proved in (a)) ∴ OM BC (prop. of isos. △)
∴ CDQK is a parallelogram. ∴ VMO is the angle between planes VBC and
(opp. sides equal and //) ABCD.
133
Mathematics in Action (3rd Edition) 3A Full Solutions
(c) ∵ △VAB △VCB (SSS)
∴ VBA VBC (corr. ∠s, △s)
AB CB
NB NB (common side)
∴ △ABN △CBN (SAS)
∴ ANB CNB (corr. ∠s, △s)
90
∵ VAB and VBC intersect at VB, AN VB and
CN VB .
∴ ANC is the angle between planes VAB and
VBC.
134
