BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

DYNAMIC FACADES

INDEX
 Green Building
 LEED
 GRIHA
 CASE STUDY – TERI SCHOOL
OF ADVANCE STUDIES
 FAÇADE SYSTEM
 CASE STUDY – ARAB WORLD
INSTITUTE

JAANISSAR GERA
GROUP-6, 4-B
 30% compared to conventional
buildings in India.
• Building owners report that green
buildings - whether new or
renovated - command a 7 per cent
GREEN BUILDNG increase in asset value over
traditional buildings.
What is a green building? • Workers in green, well-ventilated
offices record a 101 per cent
• A green Building uses less energy, increase in cognitive scores (brain
water and other natural resources function).
creates less waste & Green House • Research suggests that better
Gases and is healthy for people indoor air quality (low
during living or working inside as concentrations of CO2 and
compared to a standard Building. pollutants, and high ventilation
• Building Green is not about a little rates) can lead to improvements in
more efficiency. It is about creating performance of up to 8 per cent 
buildings that optimize on the local
ecology, use of local materials and Environmental Benefits:
most importantly they are built to
• Reduce wastage of water
cut power, water and material
• Conserve natural resources
requirements.
• Improve air and water quality
• Buildings are a major energy
• Protect biodiversity and
consuming sector in the economy.
ecosystems
About 35 to 40% of total energy is
used by buildings during
Economic Benefits:
construction. The major
consumption of Energy in • Reduce operating costs
buildings is during construction • Improve occupant productivity
and later in lighting or air- • Create market for green product
conditioning systems. and services
• This consumption must be
minimized. Possibly, this should be Social Benefits:
limited to about 80-100 watts per
sq.m. • Improve quality of life
• Minimize strain on local
infrastructure
Benefits of Green Building
• Improve occupant health and
• Green buildings certified by the comfort
Indian Green Building Council
Guiding Principles Of Green Building
(IGBC) results in energy savings of
Practices
40 - 50% and water savings of 20 -
• Sustainable Siting—this approach
optimizes land use and
development to reduce adverse
impacts and minimize the
building’s ecological footprint.
• Energy Efficiency—this technique
focuses on the establishment of
performance targets that account
for intended use, occupancy and
other energy operations for new
construction and renovation
projects. LEED
• Water efficiency— this technique
emphasizes the value of decreasing
demands for fresh water and
reducing the generation of
wastewater through optimized
landscaping, integrated rainwater • LEED (Leadership in Energy and
catchments, grey water recycling, Environmental Design) is a
voluntary, market--driven program
and wastewater treatment systems.
that provides third-party
• Building Materials—by using
verification of green buildings.
sustainable construction materials
and resources, green building • From individual buildings and
materials have aided the reduction homes, to entire neighborhoods and
of extraction, processing, communities, LEED is
transportation, solid waste, and transforming the way built
consumption. environments are designed,
• Healthy Indoor Environmental constructed, and operated.
Comprehensive and flexible,
Quality—these processes have
LEED addresses the entire
enhanced the sustainable
lifecycle of a building.
communities through ventilation
and thermal comfort, moisture • It provides building owners and
control, day lighting, operators with a framework for
environmental tobacco smoke identifying and implementing
control, and protecting indoor air practical and measurable green
quality during construction. building design, construction,
operations and maintenance
solutions.
U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC)
• Brief history of USGBC The U.S.
Green Building Council (USGBC),
co-founded by Mike Italiano,
David Gottfried and Rick Fedrizzi
 in 1993, is a non-profit trade • Within each of the LEED credit
organization that promotes categories, projects must satisfy
sustainability in how buildings are prerequisites and earn points.
designed, built, and operated.
• The number of points the project
USGBC is best known for the
earns determines its level of LEED
development of the LEED green
certification.
building rating systems.

How LEED works?

• For commercial buildings and Why LEED?
neighborhoods, to earn LEED
LEED-certified buildings are designed to:
certification, a project must satisfy
all LEED prerequisites and earn a • Lower operating costs and increase
minimum 40 points on a 110-point asset value
LEED rating system scale. Homes
• Reduce waste sent to landfills
must earn a minimum of 45 points
on a 136-point scale. • Conserve energy and water
• Projects earn points to satisfy green • Be healthier and safer for
building requirements. occupants
 • Reduce harmful greenhouse gas • LEED for Existing Buildings helps
emissions maximize the efficiency of your
operations while minimizing the
impact on the environment by:

o exterior building site maintenance

programs
o water and energy use sustainable
purchasing policies
o waste stream management
o ongoing indoor environmental
quality.
o environmentally preferred
products and practices for cleaning
and alterations

• LEED for Commercial Interiors is

the recognized system for
certifying high-performance green
tenant spaces that are healthy,
productive places to work; are less
costly to operate and maintain.
• LEED for Core & Shell can be
used for projects where the
developer controls the design and
construction of the entire core and
shell base building (e.g.,
mechanical, electrical, plumbing,
and fire protection systems) but has
no control over the design and
construction of the tenant fit-out.
How LEED contributes?
• LEED for Homes promotes the
• LEED for New Construction & design and construction of high-
Major Renovations addresses performance homes – energy
design and construction activities efficient, resource efficient, and
for both new buildings and major healthy for occupants. A home that
renovations of existing buildings, achieves LEED certification has
which includes major HVAC been designed to maximize fresh
improvements, significant envelope air indoors, minimizing exposure to
modifications, and major interior airborne toxins and pollutants. It
rehabilitation.
 also has the potential to use 20-
30% less energy.
• LEED for neighborhood
contributes towards Thoughtful
neighborhood planning can limit
the need for automobiles and their
greenhouse gas emissions. Mixed-
use development and pedestrian-
friendly streets encourage walking,
bicycling and public transportation. LEED Certification

LEED rating in India

• IGBC has licensed the LEED
Green Building Standard from the
U.S. Green Building Council and
currently is responsible for
certifying LEED-New
Construction and LEED-Core and
Shell buildings in India. There are
many energy efficient buildings in
India, situated in a variety of
climatic zones.
• Indian Green Building Council, is
continuously striving towards
wider adoption of eco-friendly /
green building concepts in the
Indian Industry.
• IGBC promotes a whole-building
approach to sustainability, based on
the principles of 5 elements of
nature [ earth, water, fire, air &
sky] by recognizing performance in
the following five key areas:
o Sustainable site development

o Water savings
o Energy efficiency

o Materials selection
o Indoor environmental quality
 Green Rating for Integrated Habitat
Assessment

GRIHA – green building ‘design evaluation

system’– A tool to design, operate, evaluate
and maintain resource efficient ‘healthy’ and
‘intelligent’ building
In India a US based LEED rating system is
under promotion by CII Green Business
Centre, Hyderabad which is more on energy
efficiency measures in AC buildings. Keeping
in view of the Indian agro-climatic conditions
and in particular the preponderance of non-AC
buildings, a National Rating System - GRIHA
has been developed which is suitable for all
kinds of 3 building in different climatic zones
of the country.
The system was initially conceived and
developed by TERI (The Energy & Resource
Institute) as TERI-GRIHA which has been
modified to GRIHA as National Rating
System after incorporating various
modifications suggested by a group of
architects and experts.
It takes into account the provisions of the
National Building Code 2005, the Energy
Conservation Building Code 2007 announced
by BEE and other IS codes, local bye-laws,
other local standards and laws.
The system, by its qualitative and quantitative
assessment criteria, would be able to ‘rate’ a
building on the degree of its ‘greenness’. The
rating would be applied to new and existing
building stock of varied functions –
commercial, institutional, and residential. The
rating system, based on accepted energy and
environmental principles, will seek to strike a
balance between the established practices and
emerging concepts, both national and
international.
The guidelines/criteria appraisal may be
revised every three years to take into account
the latest scientific developments during this
period. On a broader scale, this system, along
with the activities and processes that lead up to
GRIHA it, will benefit the community at large with the
improvement in the environment by reducing
GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions, improving and well being, and also issues that
energy security, and reducing the stress on affect the global and local
natural resources. environment).
Some of the benefits of a green design to a
building owner, user, and the society as a Site planning
whole are as follows : ƒ
Conservation and efficient utilization of
 Reduced energy consumption without resources
sacrificing the comfort levels ƒ Objective: To maximize the conservation
 Reduced destruction of natural areas, and utilisation of resources (land, water,
habitats, and biodiversity, and reduced natural habitat, avi fauna, and energy)
soil loss from erosion, etc. ƒ conservation and enhance efficiency of the
 Reduced air and water pollution (with systems and operations.
direct health benefits) ƒ Health and well being
 Reduced water consumption ƒ Limited
waste generation due to recycling and Objectives: To protect the health of
reuse ƒ construction workers and prevent
 Reduced pollution loads ƒ pollution.
 Increased user productivity ƒ Building planning and construction stage
 Enhanced image and marketability
Conservation and efficient utilization of
The basic features Currently the system has resources
been developed to help ‘design and evaluate’ Objective To maximize resource (water,
new buildings (buildings that are still at the energy
inception stages). A building is assessed based
on its predicted performance over its entire life -Water
cycle – inception through operation. The -Energy: end use
stages of the life cycle that have been -Energy: embodied and construction
identified for evaluation are the -Energy: renewable
preconstruction, building design and
Recycle, recharge, and reuse of water
construction, and building operation and
maintenance stages. The issues that get Objective: To promote the recycle and
addressed in these stages are as follows: ƒ reuse of water.
 Pre-construction stage (intra- and Waste management
inter-site issues)
Health and well-being
 Building planning and construction
stages (issues of resource conservation Objective To ensure healthy indoor air
and reduction in resource demand, quality, water quality, and noise levels,
resource utilization efficiency, and reduce the global warming potential.
resource recovery and reuse, and
provisions for occupant health and Building operation and maintenance
well being). The prime 4 resources Objective Validate and maintain ‘green’
that are considered in this section are performance levels/adopt and propagate
land, water, energy, air, and green green practices and concepts.
cover. ƒ
 Building operation and maintenance
stage (issues of operation and Innovation
maintenance of building systems and
processes, monitoring and recording Four innovation points are available under
of consumption, and occupant health the rating system for adopting criteria
 which enhance the green intent of a sections) are awarded provisionally while
project, and the applicant can apply for the certifying and are converted to firm points
bonus points Some of the probable points, through monitoring, validation, and
not restricted to the ones enumerated documents/photographs to support the
below, could be award of point. GRIHA has a 100 point
system consisting of some core points,
1. Alternative transportation
which are mandatory to be met while the
2. Environmental education rest are optional points, which can be
earned by complying with the
3. Company policy on green supply chain commitment of the criterion for which the
4. Life cycle cost analysis point is allocated. The innovation points
are available over and above the 100 point
5. Any other criteria proposed by applicant system. This means that a project can
hypothetically apply for a maximum of
Scoring points for GRIHA
104 points. But the final scoring shall be
GRIHA is a guiding and performance- done out of 100 points. Different levels of
oriented system where points are earned certification (one star to five star) are
for meeting the design and performance awarded based on the number of points
intent of the criteria. Each criterion has a earned. The minimum points required for
number of points assigned to it. It means certification is 50. Buildings scoring 50 to
that a project intending to meet the 60 points, 61 to 70 points, 71 to 80 points,
criterion would qualify for the points. and 81 to 90 points shall get one star, ‘two
Compliances, as specified in the relevant stars’, ‘three stars’ and ‘four stars’
criterion, have to be submitted in the respectively. A building scoring 91 to 100
prescribed format. The points related to points will get the maximum rating viz.
these criteria (specified under the relevant five stars.
 "Sustainability was the back bone of the
entire design concept and it was
communicated to the architect that the
building should incorporate all possible
elements of Passive Solar Architecture and
Low Energy Cooling systems"

Mili Majumdar.
"Located at Vasant Kunj in South Delhi,
the TERI university campus has been
planned to provide a setting that enhances
learning and showcases the concept of
modern green buildings."

-Sanjay Mohe, Design Principal,

MINDSPACE

Site and Design

The linear geometry of the site with a
narrow frontage and an aspect ratio of
almost 1:3 dictated the strong linear
axis in the design. The logical
sequence of positioning the three
distinct functioning zones in a
hierarchy of public access. Placing the
commercial block at the front was the
most logical choice in exploiting the
commercial potential of the frontage of
the site. The functional core also
coincides with the geometric central
CASE STUDY -TERI School of part of the linear site. The residential
zone comes up from the rear forming
Advanced Studies , Vasant Kunj
the last zone in the linear sequence.
That the design responds to orientation
and climatic factors, is but an obvious
fact. The north line is at a slight angle
to the linear axis of the site and the
design takes full advantage of this
orientation in the composition of the built
and open spaces and in creating wind flows
through the complex as also lighting and
shading of the spaces.

Few of the south facing walls are

mounted with aeroscreen louvers
Site Plan and Ground Floor Layout (bottom)
(Hunter Douglas) fixed at an angle of
1 Commercial Block,
35deg. This ensures that the winter sun
2 Classrooms,
is let in where as the summer sun is
3, 4 Laboratories,
blocked.
5,6 administrative block,
6 accounts, The use of louvers in front of the
7 dining hall, glazed walls also reduces the heating
8 hostel, up of the glass facade considerably
9, 10, courts,
11 Open Air Theatre The walls that are exposed to the
harsh solar rays have a stone cladding
which is fixed to the wall by channels.
The air gap between the wall and the
SUN DESIGN
stone cladding in itself acts as an
Sun Passive solar design is an important insulation layer. On the western
feature in the design of this building. The façade, rock wool insulation is also
planning and orientation of spaces and provided in the wall. Energy efficiency
building blocks ensures glare free daylight in is further enhanced by Vermiculite
all regularly occupied spaces. insulation in parts of the roof slab.

All the linear blocks are oriented in the East-

West direction with shorter facades facing
the sun. Most of the south west facing walls
are kept blank in order to protect the building
from the harsh south west solar radiations.
Where the south west walls have openings,
they are protected by means of pergolas or
projecting balconies. The east, west and
south facades of the building have minimum
glazing.
SKY DESIGN
Maximum use of daylight and use of light
sensors to regulate the use of artificial
lighting in the interiors is another key design
strategy. In areas where daylight is available, The predominant wind direction is
fixtures have been fitted with continuous taken into account in designing the
dimming electronic ballasts. These fixtures open spaces. The central atrium acts as
are controlled by light sensors which respond an air funnel defined by the other
to available light conditions and buildings. The opening oriented in the
automatically regulate the connected fixtures prevailing wind direction catches the
to achieve the desired level of uniform outside air and channelizes it through a
illumination required. In areas with non- narrow stretch of the block before
uniform illumination, occupancy sensors that releasing it into the central court area.
can turn off the lights when the space is The architect's experience of design in
unoccupied have been installed. This kind of hot dry areas, particularly in earlier
a lighting system has a potential of saving projects in Hyderabad made him
70% lighting energy demand. Use of confident of the effectiveness of this
efficient double glazing window units help design feature in cooling the ambient
significantly reduce the heat gained through temperatures of the enclosed areas.
window glazing in the summers and the heat The central atrium is also proposed to
lost in the winters without compromising on be covered with an automatic
the day lighting integration and the levels of adjustable louvre system (Vergola).
visual comfort. Daylighting integration using The angle of the louvres can be
light fixtures fitted with electronic ballasts adjusted to block the solar radiations
regulating the level of illumination during summer and to allow ample
responding to avilable natural light and sunlight during winter. The system is
adjustable aeroscreen louvres to regulate further proposed to be integrated with
summer and winter sunlight entry (top and photo voltaic panels. The louvres if
centre) Double glazed facades reduce heat kept closed can effectively prevent rain
gain without affecting the level of water from entering the atrium during
illumination (bottom) the rainy season.
 loading conditions and beneficial to
areas with varying occupancy. It
allows customized control of
individual zones eliminating the use of
chilled water piping, ducting and plant
room. The use of Earth Air Tunnel
gives an energy saving of nearly 50%
as compared to the conventional
system Thermal mass storage used for
cooling the classrooms and labs
WATER DESIGN involves storing energy when available
and using it when required. Here,
Vasant Kunj being a water starved area,
cooling of thermal mass is done during
incorporation of water saving fixtures and
night. This cool thermal mass is used
rain water harvesting was an important
to cool air in day time. This system
concern in the design brief from the very
gives an energy saving of up to 40%
beginning. Water and waste management
systems are important features of the The Earth Air Tunnel (EAT) is used in
building design. All buildings in the campus the hostel blocks. This is a dual
have been provided with low flow fixtures heating-cooling system using the heat
such as dual flush toilets, low flow taps and sink property of the earth to maintain
sensor taps that result in 25% savings in comfortable temperatures inside the
water use. The waste water generated from building. Air which passes through the
the hostel block is treated through efficient buried pipes gets cooled in summer
biological processes using a combination of and heated up in winter. A lot of
micro organisms and bio-media filter. This research went in to the design of this
treatment system requires less area and low system. Airtron, the Air-conditioning
energy. The treated water meets the consultants for the project in
prescribed standards for landscape irrigation. collaboration with faculty of Indian
Rainwater harvesting is also an important Institute of Science, Bangalore
concept which contributes to efficient water simulated the system and refined it to
management. The average annual rainfall of perfection. On continuous
Delhi is 611mm. Rainwater run off from the uninterrupted use in extreme heat
roof and the site are tapped to recharge the conditions as in Delhi, this system
aquifer. This enhances the sustainable yield faces the problem of the earth around
in areas where over development has the tunnel getting heat saturated and
depleted the aquifer. The excess surface reducing the effectiveness of cooling.
water is also conserved and stored for future A recovery time is required for the
requirements. The quality of existing ground earth to dissipate the heat from the
water is also improved through dilution. immediate surroundings. After
rigorous experiments and simulations a
EARTH DESIGN
second loop of tubes was created and
The campus is equipped with three types of the two loops used alternately to
cooling systems (i)Variable Refrigerant provide sufficient recovery time to the
Volume system (VRV), (ii) Earth Air Tunnel earth around and maintain the
(EAT) and (iii) Thermal Mass Storage The performance effectiveness of the
VRV system is proposed for the peripheral system.
commercial block and the administrative
block of the institute. This stateof-the-art air
conditioning system, which is similar to a
split AC is highly efficient under partial
SITE PHOTOS

Louvers – Passive cooling

Case Study: GRAND CHOLA ITC

HOTEL PVT.LTD

Cladding of tiles , creating cavities for

insulation , thermal gain

Location: Chennai
Site Area :32330 SqM
Total Built up Area :
132598SqM
Air- conditioned Area :132598
SqM
Earth air tunnel – geo thermal cooling Non Air- conditioned Area :
NA Energy Consumption
Reduction :
41.5%reduction from GRIHA
benchmark
Water consumption reduction:
50.7% reduction from GRIHA
benchmark
EPI: 186 kWh/SqM/year
Occupancy hours: 24 hours/day (24x7)
Renewable energy installed on site
:12600 KWp

GRIHA rating:5Stars
 The following strategies were adopted to • Passive architectural design
reduce the impact of the proposed building on strategies adopted in the building:
natural environment: Thick stone and AAC block walls to
reduce solar heat gain
• Sustainable Site Planning:
• Existing trees were preserved and • Recessed windows to cut direct sun
transplanted along the periphery of rays and glare inside the building
the site • 99% of living areas are day-lit and
• Excavation and construction window to wall ratio restricted to 25% to
reduce solar heat gain inside the
started after the monsoon season to
building Reduction in energy
prevent soil erosion and soil run off
consumption (compared to GRIHA
from the site
benchmark) while maintaining
 Top soil was preserved and re- occupant comfort:
used to raise the ground level
For achieving visual comfort Energy
along the periphery.
efficient artificial lighting design is
 Service corridors are planned to
compliant with ECBC
cause minimum damage to the site
recommendations Occupancy sensors in
and natural topography
rooms to reduce energy consumption
 Orientation of the building
All electrical fixtures (lights, space
is
conditioners, appliances) controlled by
east west but zoning of the i-pad to reduce energy consumption
building has been appropriately done to External shading and efficient glazing to
reduce negative impact of bad orientation reduce solar heat gain and have
Reduction in water consumption glare-free daylight have been
(compared to GRIHA benchmark): installed.
• Reduction in building water
• For achieving thermal comfort
consumption by use of low-flow fixtures :
Building envelope is ECBC compliant,
50.7%
which helps reduce cooling loads in AC
the complex :90% spaces and meets thermal comfort levels
• Reduction in landscape water in non AC spaces. Centralized air
consumption by planting native species conditioning through variable
of trees and shrubs and by using efficient refrigerant flow technology is
irrigation systems : installed. Facility of controlling each
62.3% indoor unit centrally as well as
individually based on occupancy
censor is provided.
Greenply and Centuryply certified
Renewable energy technologies installed by SGS and recyclable fabric
on site: • Use of high density composite
wood panels
• Installed capacity of wind energy : • Use of AAC blocks in the infill wall
12600 KWp system.
• Units of electricity
generated annually :
27900000 KWh Use of low-
BASIC TECHNIQUES TO MAKE
energy/green materials:
• Use of Plywood and MDF boards THE BUILDING GREEN
manufactured by Uniply, GO SOLAR
The sun is the ultimate source ofclean, low- Geothermal power involves a substantial up-
cost energy. When you build, you have a front investment, but with it, you have almost
unique opportunity to plan for solar power limitless energy with which to heat and cool
use in a way that owners of older your home. The earth itself becomes your heat sink
homes cannot. By making solar power with geothermal energy. During winter, heat
native technology in your new home, you moves from deep underground to your home’s HVAC
can take advantage of light and geography to system; in the summer, your AC removes excess heat
get the most efficiency and energy for your and dissipates it underground using the same
investment. Combined with other green principle as a heat pump. Think of geothermal heating
and cooling as a way to move heat instead of
building ideas, solar power can generate
creating it through combustion.
enough energy for you to start selling some
back to your utility company
RELY ON RECYCLING
COOL ROOF

The material used on your roof can make a If you’ve ever wondered where old blue
jeans and newspapers go, the answer
dramatic difference in your home’s energy
might be as close as your walls. Total-fill
efficiency. You may want oconsideraproduct
insulation made from recycled materials pays
that reflects the sun’s energy away from the off in the short term and the long run.
roof, cools faster at night and holds less heat Because you’reusing recyclables, your
for less time in order to help reduce energy initial material cost is often lower than it
costs and usage related to heat. Slate, terra would be for virgin materials. You’re also
cotta, white tiles, special membranes, saving money over time by using
and metal roof in glare a few of the roofing insulating products that perform as well or
products available with varying degrees of better than first-use insulation. Cotton,
green benefits. There are many roofing options, wool, wood pulp and soybean
and though the green options typically are more byproducts are a few of the materials you’ll
expensive – both in terms of materials and find as spray-in or roll insulation. There are
installation – you’ll likely recoup the costs many other recycled materials being used
in green home building, such as reclaimed
through energy savings, the longevity of the
wood and countertops made from
product and minimal maintenance required.
recycled glass, aluminum and even soda
LIVING cans. You also may want to discuss with
ROOF your builder options for using recycled
steel or recycled wood/plastic composite,
We have to mention the “living roof”, because it’s both of which are high quality,
just so…cool. Living roofs are constructed to hold durable products that can reduce the
plants that grow on the roof to catch and filter amount of new lumb
rainwater and will insulate the home. This also
prevents roof water from running directly into the
storm sewer system. While they’ve been used USE OF SUITABLE
more frequently in commercial building, living MATERIAL
roofs certainly can be incorporated into residential
roofs. From the frame of your home to the
flooring inside it, sustainable building
HARNESS GIO-THERMAL
materials can reduce the impact of your
POWER construction on the environment. Wood is a
renewable resource when you choose a supplier
who follows sustainable planting practices. fill water features, irrigate gardens and
Flooring is one area where new products that maintain landscapes. Innovations in onsite
are environmentally friendly and great for home water management technologies include using a
insulation ratings and climate control efficiency rain garden in place of simply piping
are flourishing. Modern flooring of this water off the property and as a natural way
sort includes bamboo, cork and linoleum, of filtering runoff in your yard.
which is made of natural, renewable materials.
More consumers, designers and builders are
choosing linoleum as environmentally friendly ENERGIZE WINDOW IN
flooring with along life span —25 to 40 years – and GREEN HOME
the ability to be completely recycled at the end of
Energy Star windows are relatively new players in the
life.
window market, but they’ve quickly become
rock stars. These aptly-named windows are
FOCUS ON government-rated as Energy Star products, and are
much more energy-efficient windows than even
WATER
the newer, double-pane models. Energy Star
windows also greatly reduce sound transfer
Americans are becoming increasingly aware of
between outside and inside. Heating and cooling
fresh water consumption and
costs drop and home values rise.
conservation, and are taking further steps to
reduce water consumption. Consider fixtures
and appliances that conserve water such CONCLUSI
as low flow faucet aerators, tankless water ON
heaters and Energy Star rated washers.
There’s even a product on the market that
automatically pauses your shower once the With the growing population and urbanization it is
water has warmed up so that gallons of hot now mandatory to construct green building
water aren’t wasted in an empty shower. Also to that it do not degrade our environment more.
consider capturing rainwater on your property. Living in a environment like today green building
Before homes had running water, plays a very important role in health of a
households often collected run-off in community , if not whole one should try to
cisterns. Collected rainwater can be used to make their building green by adopting various small
and big techniqu

FAÇADE SYSTEMS
Façades Systems With the façade
embodying up to 35% of the construction
costs as well as being hugely accountable
for the buildings' response to climate
change, it has never been so important to
understand which façade solutions deliver
not only a cost effective and sustainable
façade, but also one that is aesthetically
pleasing and technically performing.

 BUILDING FACADES:
The façade forms the external • Opaque Facades- Which are
weatherproof envelope of a building primarily constructed of layers of solid
(vertical building enclosure). materials, such as masonry, stone, precast
concrete panels, metal cladding, insulation,
More than any other component; they
and cold formed steel framing Opaque
create the image of the building. The
facades may also include punched
building envelope should be designed to
openings or windows.
mediate public-private boundaries within
the architecture, both inside and out. • Glazed Facades- Such as curtain
walls or storefront facades which primarily
In modern buildings, the façade is often
consist of transparent or translucent
attached to the building frame and
glazing materials and metal framing
provides no contribution to structural
components.
stability.

 SUSTAINABLE FACADES:

Sustainable facades are defined as exterior

enclosure that use least possible amount of DYNAMIC FACADES
energy to maintain a comfortable A dynamic façade, also known as a
environment, which responsive façade, is a building exterior
promotes productivity to certain material that can change in response to its
which has less negative impact on surrounding environment to maximise its
environment. performance. This can help control the
interior environment within the building,
and so minimise the energy consumption
of building services systems.
In this way, the 'skin' of the building is not
static, but dynamic and can transform
according to requirements.
Some dynamic facades also include
methods for generating energy, such as
solar photovoltaic panels. Dynamic
systems can reduce a building’s reliance
on heating, cooling and ventilation systems
Essentially There Are Two Types Of
as well as artificial lighting and energy
Facades:
requirements.
 BUND FINANCE CENTRE, CHINA-
KINETIC FAÇADE

IMAGES OF HIGH- FUNCTIONING

KINETIC FACADES IN THE WORLD

E.g. Algae-Powered Building by

Splitterwerk Architects Kinetic Facades are used to:

 KINETIC FACADES • Manage light, air, energy, and even

information.
A kinetic façade is one that changes
dynamically rather than being static or • They can act to reduce solar gain as
fixed, allowing movement to occur on a well as allowing the passage of fresh air
building’s surface. into the building, helping to alter the
interior environment.
• The moving elements of the façade
This helps to create what the architect
can be programmed to respond to climatic
Buckminster Fuller called a ‘skin-like
or other environmental factors, time, levels
articulation’ effect, and is an extension of
and type of occupancy and so on to
the idea that a building's envelope is an
improve performance and efficiency.
active system rather than just a container.
• With advances in sensors, materials
and building management technology,
designers are increasingly able to consider
kinetic components as design solutions.

TYPES:
1. User-Control Dynamic
Façade:
The facade itself is functioning as a
shading device but given the users to
 control the angle of the panel, and
amount of light transmitted into the
interior space.

(eg : Al-Bahr Towers, Abu Dhabi)

(eg:-The Kiefer Technic Showroom by
Ernst Gieselbrecht + Partner)
4. Wind Responsive Dynamic
Façade:
2. Light Projection Dynamic Wind as a natural element itself is strong
Façade: enough to provide a dynamic pattern of
The strategy for the building enclosure motion without wasting any energy.
consists of creating an optical illusion that
changes with the users viewpoint.

(eg:Brisbane Domestic Terminal

Carpark in Australia)
(eg:Galleria Centercity by UNStudio in
Cheonan, Korea)
5. Seasonal Green Dynamic
Façade:
3. Light Control Dynamic Façade: A facade which integrating the greeneries
In this type of façade, automated shading to make the facade responsive to the 4
and daylighting control seasons
systems are integrated and operate
appropriately for all environmental
conditions.
 performances of a building. The façade
also exchanges energy with the external
environment, this increases energy
performance. The façade protects
structures and interiors of the building and
this contributes to the extension of the life
of the building .Thus, the building’s
façade should function as a mediator
between the external and internal
environments which can be entrusted with
multiple vital functions that dictate the
building’s energy consumption and which
(eg:House in Travessa Do Patrocinio in
determine the indoor environmental
Lisbon, Portugal)
quality. Dynamic facades are “facades
The design of the facade has enormous with the ability to respond to their
significance for both indoor climate and environment by either typological change
energy consumption as there are many of material properties that alter the overall
energy-flows both ways over this form or local alteration by regulating their
boundary between the external and internal energy consumption to reflect the
environments. The main role of the façade environmental conditions that surround it.
is to protect the indoor environment from
the outdoor environment and the
optimization of this function includes Case Study:
control of (leaving out many other Arab World Institute
functions as noise, security, etc.):
6. Heat transmission from inside to - PROJECT: Arab World Institute, P
outside aris (Institut du Monde Arabe) 
- ARCHITECTS: Jean Nouvel 
7. Solar load from outside to inside - CLIENT: Institut du Monde Arabe 
8. High utilization of passive solar - PROGRAM: 25,000 square meters 
gains • High utilization of daylight of museum, library, auditorium, co
nference and meeting rooms, cafete
9. Protection against glare from
ria, and offices. 
outside • Air flows between inside and
- STURCTURAL SYSTEM: metal s
outside (both ways)
tructure; curtain walls. 
10. Allow for a view to the outside - Major materials: aluminum, glass. 
11. Allow for privacy

USE OF DYNAMIC FAÇADE

The façade is a strategic element because it
is the most visible part of the building.
This leads to an improvement in
environmental and appearance
 inter-relationship between the
various layers of metallic elements
are obvious.
- Performance: dynamic integration
relates to the mechanised facade
that responds to the change in
lighting conditions and adjusts
apertures to create a cohesive
environmental response.

The south façade has

27,000 diaphragms, organized in 113 panel
s, operate on the principle 
of a camera lens. The lens’ polygonal open
ings echo Arabian geometries. The huge 3
0 by 
80 meter façade acts as a giant mushrabiya
.

Screen panel from the southern façade

The panel has a series of apertures which
automatically respond by opening and
closing to vary the amount of internal
light that penetrates the facade. The sub-
structural panel is framed by the primary
steel structural frame.
All the facades of the building are
generally transparent, so the integration of
these mechanical apertures are vital in
controlling internal temperature for the
occupants.
- Physical: integrated with a series
of layers in the mechanical aspect.
These panels are divided and
supported by a structural steel grid
and are then encased behind a glass
facade.
- Visual: is enhanced through the
exposure of mechanism where the
The red rectangle denotes the motor in the
façade system.

Southern Façade

The southern facade is where the

diaphragm sunscreen is located.
The detail shows the air conditioning and
services vent along the façade.
The vents move throughout the ceilings of
the institute in a grid format.
Because of the structure of the building
and its use of the tubular steel trusses, the
vents needed to cater for the size of the
trusses and the services.
The exposed trusses along the middle of
the wall are also used as a support for the
motors of the diaphragms.