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Discussions, Conclusion and Recommendations 5.1. Discussions and Conclusions

The document discusses the results of testing various mixtures of high performance concrete (HPC) using different materials. Mixture C, containing fly ash, had the highest compressive strength of 11621 psi at 28 days, achieving the target strength of 11542 psi. The study concludes mineral admixtures increase strength and mixture C validates this. It recommends further research using various design strengths, crush sand where river sand is unavailable, and different admixtures like silica fume or rice husk ash. Additional HPC properties like modulus of elasticity and durability should also be studied.

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Wai Yann Zaw
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53 views2 pages

Discussions, Conclusion and Recommendations 5.1. Discussions and Conclusions

The document discusses the results of testing various mixtures of high performance concrete (HPC) using different materials. Mixture C, containing fly ash, had the highest compressive strength of 11621 psi at 28 days, achieving the target strength of 11542 psi. The study concludes mineral admixtures increase strength and mixture C validates this. It recommends further research using various design strengths, crush sand where river sand is unavailable, and different admixtures like silica fume or rice husk ash. Additional HPC properties like modulus of elasticity and durability should also be studied.

Uploaded by

Wai Yann Zaw
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 5

DISCUSSIONS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1. Discussions and Conclusions


In this research, materials used for High Performance Concrete (HPC) are
Crown cement (Grade 52.5), fly ash (class C), fine aggregate from Ayeyarwaddy
River, coarse aggregate from Ohm Gyaw (Htone Pho) and Sikament-520 (High Range
Water-Reducing and Set Retarding Admixture). The physical properties of Crown
cement with normal consistency, specific gravity, fineness, soundness, setting times
and compressive strength test are carried out according to ASTM standard. The test
value of specific gravity for Crown cement is 3.15. Fineness test, setting time test,
consistency test and specific gravity test for fly ash are done in this study.
Similarly, specific gravity, sieve analysis and water absorption test of fine
aggregate and coarse aggregate are tested. According to the test results, specific
gravity of fine aggregate is 2.62 and the water absorption of fine aggregate is 0.88%.
Fineness modulus (FM) of fine aggregate is 2.02. FM of fine aggregate is required to
use in mix design calculation because sand gradation has the largest effect on
workability. Fine aggregate has the highest effect paste requirement for good
workability. Similarly, specific gravity of coarse aggregate is 2.78 from the test
results.
Mixtures A, B, C and D are made to find the properties of HPC in fresh state
and compressive strength test. The trial mix design is calculated step by step
according to ACI method. High Performance Concrete (HPC) mixtures are cast into
cube mold of cast irons. All specimens are submerged in a tank of fresh water for a
period before testing. The specimens are tested for 7 days, 14 days and 28 days
compressive strength respectively. The 28 days compressive strength results for HPC
mixtures, cured under standard conditions, are 10997 psi (or) 75.8 Mpa, 10273 psi
(or) 70.8 MPa, 11621 psi (or) 80.1 MPa and 10534 psi (or) 72.6 MPa for mixtures A,
B, C and D respectively in this research. Mixture C has the highest compressive
strength of all the mixtures. Moreover, the mixture C has the highest percentage
increase in all mixtures. The compressive strength of mixture C gains 11621 psi at 28
75

days. Mixtures such as mixture A and C, the compressive strength of mixture


containing mineral admixture is higher without mineral admixture. Therefore, mineral
admixture should be used in mixing HPC.
In this research, design strength is 10150 psi (or) 70 MPa. According to ACI
Committee Report, required target strength for 10150 psi (or) 70 MPa is 11542 psi
(or) 79.6 MPa at 28 days. Required target strength is achieved in mixture C with 28
days compressive strength of 11621 psi (or) 80.1 MPa.

5.2. Recommendations
In order to improve the strength of concrete, to reduce the material cost in
construction, further research work should be made as given below.
(a) The mix design of HPC with various design strength should be calculated
and tested.
(b) The strength of high performance concrete with crush sand should be
studied for some region where river sand is not available.
(c) The concrete with silica fume or rice husk ash or class ‘F’ fly ash
should be studied.
(d) The properties of high performance concrete such as modulus of
elasticity, freeze-thaw durability, shrinkage and creeps should be
studied.

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