SDCADD-II Diploma Exercise-3

MIDSHIP SECTION
INTRODUCTION

Midship section design is in accordance with Part 4, Chapter 9 of “Lloyd’s Register”,

Rules and Regulations for Classification of Ships, which has been revised to include requirements
for Double Hull Oil Tankers. These requirements reflect regulation 13F of Annex I of MARPOL
73/78 with the other features. Fig.1 is a typical midship section of a double skin tanker.

Figure 1 - Typical midship section of a double skin tanker

1.1. Definitions
(1) L : Rule length, in m, is the distance, in meters, on the summer load water line
from the forward side of the stem to the after side of the rudderpost or to
the center of the rudder stock, if there is no rudder post. L is neither to be
less than 96% nor to be greater than 97% of the extreme length on the
summer load water line.

97% of extreme length of LWL = 229.89m

(2) B : Breadth at amidships or greatest breadth, in meters.

B = 42.0 m
(3) D : Depth is measured, in meters, at the middle of the length L, from top of the keel
to top of the deck beam at side on the uppermost continuous deck.

D = 22.0 m

(4) T : T is the summer load draught in m, measured from top of keel.

T = 14 m
(5) LPP : Distance in m on the summer LWL from foreside of the stem to after side
of rudder post, or to the center of the rudder stock, if there is no rudder post.

LPP = 233 m

(6) CB : Moulded block coefficient at draught T corresponding to summer

waterline, based on rule length L and moulded breadth B, as follows:

moulded displacement (m3) at draught T

CB =
L.B.T

(7) B : The width of plating supported by the primary member or secondary

member in m or mm respectively.

(8) be : The effective width, in m, of end brackets.

(9) bI : The minimum distance from side shell to the inner hull or outer
longitudinal bulkhead measured inboard at right angles to the centre line
at summer load water line, in m

(10) le : Effective length, in m, of the primary or secondary member, measured

between effective span points.

(11) ds : The distance, in m, between the cargo tank boundary and the moulded
line of the side shell plating.

(12) h : The load height applied to the item under consideration, in m.

(13) db : The distance, in m, between the bottom of the cargo tanks and the
moulded line of the bottom shell plating measured at right angles to the
bottom shell plating.

(14) kL, k : Higher tensile steel factors. For mild steel, kL, k may be taken as 1.

(15) I : Moment of inertia, in cm3, of the primary or secondary member, in

association with an effective width of attached plating.

(16) s : Spacing of secondary members, in mm.

(17) S : Overall span of frame, in mm

(18) t : Thickness of plating, in mm.

(19) Z : Section modulus, in cm3, of the primary or secondary member, in

association with an effective width of attached plating.

(20) L1 : Length of ship in meters, but need not be greater than 190m.

(21) CW : Wave head, in m.

(22) RB : Bilge radius, in mm.

(23) FD,FB : Local scantling reduction factor above neutral axis and below neutral axis
respectively. FD = 0.67, for plating and 0.75, for longitudinals

FB = 0.67, for plating and 0.75, for longitudinals

(24) σO : Specified minimum yield stress, in N/mm2

(25) σC : Maximum compressive hull vertical bending stress, in N/mm2

(26) T1 : T but to be taken not less than 0.05L m

= 11.495 m

(27) hT1 : T + CW m but need not be taken greater than 1.36 T

(28) hT2 : T + 0.5CW m but need not be taken greater than 1.2 T

(29) c1 : 60 / (225 – 165 FD) at deck; 1.0 at D/2; 75 / (225 – 150FB) at base ` line
of ship

(30) c2 : 165 / (345 – 180FB) at deck; 1.0 at D/2; 165/(345 – 180FB) at base line of
ship

(31) R : sinθ, where θ is the roll angle in degrees

sinθ = (0.45+0.1 L/B)(0.54 – L/1270)

R =0 .358

(32) D1 : D, in m, but is to be taken not < 10 and need not be taken >16

D1 = 16m

sinθ = (0.45 + 0.1L/B)(0.54 – L / 1270 )

R = 0.358

(33) dDB : Rule depth of center girder, in mm

(34) SS : Span of the vertical web, in m

(35) tW : Thickness of web, in mm

(36) tB : Thickness of end bracket plating, in mm

1.1.2. Class Notation

Vessel is designed to be classed as ‘+100 A1 Double Hull Oil Tanker ESP.’ ESP means
Enhanced Survey Program. This is for seagoing tanker having integral cargo tanks for carriage of oil
having flash point > 60o C.

1.1.3. Cargo Tank Boundary Requirements

Minimum double side width (ds) in m
 ds = 0.5 + (dwt/20,000) or ds = 2.0 m

whichever is lesser. But ds should not be less than 1 m.

ds = 0.5+(95,000/20,000) = 5.25 m

Double side width is taken as 2.0 m to get the required ballast volume.

∴ ds = 2.0 m

Minimum double bottom depth (dB)

dB = B/15 or dB = 2.0 m

whichever is lesser

dB = 42/15 = 2.8 m

A double bottom height of 2.0 m is provided to get the required ballast volume.

∴ dB = 2.0 m

Structural configuration adopted has a single centerline longitudinal bulkhead. According

to Maritime Law of India (Appendix V111:63, Regulation 24), Length of cargo hold shall not exceed
10m or (0.25bi /B +0.15) x LL (for longitudinal bulkhead provided at centerline), whichever is greater.
[LRS Part 4, Chapter 9, Section 1.3.9]

(0.25bi /B +0.15) × LL = 35.85 m

For length of cargo tanks and tank boundaries refer General Arrangement Plan.

Type Of Framing System

The bottom shell, inner bottom and deck are longitudinally framed (for L > 75m). The
side shell, inner hull bulkheads and long bulkheads are also longitudinally framed (L > 150m). When
the side shell in long framed, the inner hull bulkhead is also to be framed longitudinally. Primary
members are defined as girders, floors, transverses and other supporting members.

LONGITUDINAL STRENGTH

Design vertical wave bending moment (P3, C4, S5.2)

The appropriate hogging or sagging design hull vertical wave bending moment at
amidships is given by the following:
Mw = f1 f2 Mwo

Where,
 M wo = 0.1C1 C2 L2 B (C b + 0,7) kN m

Cb is to be taken not less than 0,60

C1 is given in Table 4.5.1 = 10.163

C2 = 1, (also defined in 5.2.2 at other positions along the length L)

f1 = ship service factor. For unrestricted sea-going service f 1 = 1,0

f2 = –1,1 for sagging (negative) moment

1.9C b
f2 = for hogging (positive) moment
(C b + 0.7)
= 1.025

M wo = 0.1×10.163×1×(229.89) 2×42×(.825+0.7)

= 3440180.424 KNm

Mw = 1×-1.1×3440180.424 =-3784198.47 (sagging)

= 1×1.025×3440180.424 =3526184.935 (hogging)

Permissible Still water Bending Moment

Ms = fsn×Cw×L2×B×(CB+0.7) KNm

fsn = 0.072 for sagging bending moment

Cw = 10.75-{(300-L)/100}3/2

Ms = 0.072×10.163×(229.89)2×42×(0.825+0.7)

= 247692.991 KNm

Hull Moment of Inertia (P3, C4, S5. 8)

(| M s + M w |)
Imin = 3L 10 –5 m4
kL×σ

= 139.373 m4

Minimum Hull Section Modulus [LRS Part 3, Chapter 4, Section 5]

The hull midship section modulus about the transverse neutral axis, at the deck or keel is
to be not less than

Z min = f1KL C1L2B (CB + 0.7) x 10-6 m3

 f1 = ship’s service factor. T be specially considered depending upon
the service restriction and in any event should not be less than 0.5.
For unrestricted sea going service f1 = 1.0

∴f1 taken as 1

For M.S; KL = 1 [Part 3 Chap.2 Sec 1.2]

C1 = 10.75 – [(300-L)/100] 1.5 for 90<L<300m

= 10.163

CB = Block Coefficient = 0.825

∴ Zmin = 34.4018 m3

Hull Envelope Plating

Itemization of parts is shown in figure 8.2.

Fig.2

For longitudinally framed system [LRS Part 4, Chapter 9, Section 4]

α = σO/σC = 235/175 = 1.34

J = 1720.5√{(1-1/α)/σO} for α < 2

= 56.53

1) Deck plating

t = s/J + 2.0

s = spacing of deck longitudinals = 850 mm

J = 56.53
 ∴t = 17 mm

2) Sheer strake

The greatest of the following is to be taken:

a) t = 0.0042 s √hT1k

s = spacing of longitudinals = 700 mm

hT1 = 1.36T = 19.04

k = 1, for mild steel

t = 15.17 mm

or

b) t = s/J + 2 = 17 mm

t = 17 mm

Selected t = 17 mm

3) Side shell above mid-depth

The greatest of the following is to be taken:

a) t = 0.001s(0.059L1 + 7) √ FD/ kL

s = spacing of side shell longitudinals = 700 mm

FD = 0.67 (refer ‘DEFINITIONS’)

L1 = 190 m (refer ‘DEFINITIONS’)

kL = 1 (refer ‘DEFINITIONS’)

∴t = 12.67 mm

or

b) t = 0.0042 s √hT1k, whichever is greater

hT1 = 19.04 m, as shown in pervious sections

k = 1 (refer ‘DEFINITIONS’)

t = 15.18 m

Selected t = 16 mm

4) Side shell below mid-depth

The greatest of the following is to be taken:

a) t = 0.001s (0.059L1 + 7) √ FB/kL

= 12.67 mm

But not less than

t = 0.0042 s√ hT1k

s = spacing of shell longitudinals = 850mm

∴t = 15.18 mm

Selected t = 16 mm

5) Bottom shell and bilge

The greatest of the following is to be taken:

a) t = s/J + 2.0

s = spacing of bottom and bilge longitudinals = 850 mm

J = 56.53

∴t = 17 mm

√
hT2k
b) t = 0.0052s
1.8-FB
hT2 = T + 0.5CW m but need not be taken greater than 1.2T

= 16.52

FB = 0.67 (refer ‘DEFINITIONS’)

k = 1 (refer ‘DEFINITIONS’)

∴t = 16.61 mm

Selected t = 17 mm

6) Keel Plating

Keel plating should be equal to thickness of bottom shell + 2 mm

∴t = 19 mm,

but need not exceed t = 25 √ k = 25 mm

Selected t = 19 mm

Width of keel plate is to be not less than 70B mm, but need not exceed 1800 mm and is
to be not less than 750 mm. ( LRS part 4, chapter1,table 1.5.1)
70B = 2940mm
 w = 1800 mm

7) Inner bottom Plating

t = t0 / √ 2-FB

t0 = 0.005s√ kh1

s = spacing of inner bottom longitudinals = 850mm

k = 1

h = distance in m, from the plate in consideration to the highest

point of the tank, excluding hatchway.

t0 = 0.72 (h+Rbi)

= 19.4

R = 0.36 (refer previous sections)

b1 = B/2 = 21 m

∴t = 18 mm

8) Inner hull plating

same as outer shell,t = 18mm

Hull Framing [LRS Part 4, Chapter 9, Section 5]

1) Bottom Longitudinals

The section modulus of bottom longitudinals within the cargo tank region is not to be
less than greater of the following:

a) Z = 0.056kh1sle2F1FS cm3

K = 1 (refer ‘DEFINITIONS’)

h1 = (h0 + D1/8), but in no case be taken less than L 1/56 m or

(0.00L1 + 0.7) m, whichever is greater & need not be taken
greater than (0.75 D + D1/8), for bottom longitudinals.

h0 = distance in m, from the midpoint of span of stiffener to

highest point of tank, excluding hatchway.

= 22 m

D1 = 16 m (refer ‘DEFINITIONS’)

∴h1 = 18.5 m
 s = spacing of bottom longitudinals = 850 mm

le = s, where le = effective span of longitudinals which are

assumed to be supported by web frames spaced at 5s, where s = basic frame
spacing in midship region = 850 mm

le = 4.25 m

F1 = Dc1/(25D-20h)

c1 = 75/(225 – 150FB), at base line of ship.

FB = 0.75 (refer ‘DEFINITIONS’)

∴c1 = 0.667

h = distance of longitudinal below deck at side, in meters

= 22 m

D = 22m (refer ‘DEFINITIONS’)

∴F1 = 0.1334

FS = 1, at upper deck at side and at the base line

∴Z = 2121.84 cm3

b) Z = 0.0051kh3sle2F2 cm3

k = 1 (refer ‘DEFINITIONS’)

h3 = ho+ Rbi

b1 = 21 m

R = (0.45+0.1 L/B)(0.54 – L/1270) = 0. 358

D = 22 m

∴h3 = 29.52

but not greater than or equal to,0.75D+Rbi

= 24.02

Therefore h3 = 24.02

∴Z = 1880.79 cm3

Greater of the two is to be taken, i.e. Z = 2121.84 cm3

Selected Half bulb section of scantling 430x21 .

2) Deck Longitudinals
 The modulus of deck longitudinals within the cargo tank region is not to be less than
greater of the following:
a) Z = 0.056kh1sl2eF1FS cm3 ( LRS, part 4,chapter 9,5.3.1)

k = 1 (refer ‘DEFINITIONS’)

h1 = (h0 + D1/8), but in no case be taken less than L 1/56 m .

h0 = 0 ( for deck longitudinals)

L1 = 190 m

D1 = 16

(h0 + D1/8) = 2

L1/56 = 3.39

∴h1 = L1/56 = 3.39

s = 850 mm

le = 4.25m

F1 = Dc1 / (4D + 20h)

h = 0 (for deck longitudinals)

c1 = 60 / (225 – 165FD) at deck

FD = 0.75 (refer ‘DEFINITIONS’)

∴ c1 = 0.593

∴F1 = 0.1475

Fs = 1, at upper deck at side and at baseline of ship

∴Z = 429.9 cm3

b) Z = 0.0051kh3sl2eF2 cm3
R = 0.36
bi = B/2 = 21m
h3 = h0 + Rbi = 7.56 m
s = 850 mm
le = 4.25m
F2 = Dc2 / (D + 2.18h)
c2 = 165 / (345 – 180FD)
FD = 0.75 (refer ‘DEFINITIONS’)

∴c2 = 0.785

∴F2 = 0.785
 ∴Z = 464.7 cm3

Greatest of the two is to be taken, i.e. Z = 464.7 cm3

Taken half bulb section of scantling 260x12.

3) Side Shell Longitudinals ( LRS part 4, chapter 9,5.3.1)

From standardization point of view the side shell is divided into longitudinal fields as
shown in fig 8.2. Design of the longitudinals for each field is done using the information for the
lowest longitudinal in each field.

Fig. 1.3 Plate fields for the determination of side,

inner hull and CL bulkhead longitudinals

The modulus of side shell longitudinals within the cargo tank region is not to be less than
greater of the following:

a) Z = 0.056kh1sle2F1Fs cm3

b) Z = 0.0051kh3sle2F2 cm3

where,

h1 = (h0 + D1/8), but in no case be taken less than L 1/56 m .

s = 850 mm

le = 4.25m

k = 1

FD = 0.75

D1 = 16

L1 = 190m

L1/56 = 3.39
 h = distance of longitudinal below deck at side, in meters

h3 = h0 + 2xRb1

For side longitudinals above D/2,

F1 = Dc1 / (4D + 20h)

F2 = Dc2 / (D + 2.18h)

For side longitudinals below D/2,

F1 = Dc1/(25D-20h)

F2 = Dc2/(3.18D-2.18h)
Table 1.1 – Determination of scantlings of side longitudinals
Item REG 1 REG 2 REG 3 REG 4
ho 5 10 15 20
D1 16 16 16 16
h1= h0+D1/8 7 12 17 22
h3 20.12 25.12 30.12 35.12
F1 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12
F2 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73
Fs 1 1 1 1
a) Z 722.211 1238.076 1650.768 2063.46
b) Z 1141.82 1427.62 1656.25 1884.89
Taken Z 1141.82 1427.62 1656.25 2063.46
Section Half bulb Half bulb Half bulb Half bulb
Scantling 370x13 400x14 430x15 430x21
Z of taken section 1150 1450 1800 2150

1.2.4. Inner Hull, Inner Bottom And Longitudinal Bulkheads

The inner hull, inner bottom and longitudinal bulkheads are longitudinally framed.
The symbols used in this section are defined as follows:

b1 = the greatest distance in meters, from the centre of the plate panel
or midpoint of the stiffener span, to the corners at top of the tank
on either side.

c1 = 60 / (225 – 165FD) at deck

= 1.0 at D/2

= 75/(225 – 150FB), at base line of ship

 c2 = 165/(345 – 180FB) at deck

= 1.0 at D/2

= 165/(345 – 180FD) at baseline of ship

h = load height, in meters measured vertically asfollows:

(a) for bulkhead plating the distance from a point one third of the height of the plate panel above its lower edge to the
highest point of the tank, excluding hatchway

(b) for bulkhead stiffeners or corrugations, the distance from the midpoint of span of the stiffener or corrugation to the
highest point of the tank, excluding hatchway

h1 = (h + D1/8), but not less than 0.72(h + Rb1)

h2 = (h + D1/8), in meters, but in no case be taken less than L1/56 m .

h3 = distance of longitudinal below deck at side, in meters, but is not to

be less than 0

h4 = h + Rb1

h5 = h2 but is not to be less than 0.55h4

t0 = 0.005s √kh1

t1 = t0(0.84 + 0.16(tm/t0)2)

tm = minimum value of t0 within 0.4D each side of mid depth of

bulkhead

1) Longitudinal Bulkhead Plating

For the determination of scantlings of longitudinal bulkhead plating [16, Part 4, Chapter
9], the fields in fig. 1.2 are assumed.

Region1
b1 = 21 m

h = 3.33

h1 = 5.33

t0
t =
√ 2-FB

t0 = 0.005s √ kh1

= 11.85 mm

t = 10.27 mm

but not less than t1

 t1 = t0 (0.84+0.16(tm / t0 )2

= 11.85 mm ( Selected 12 mm)

Region2
b1 = 21 m

h = 6.66

h1 = 10.18

t0 = 13.56

t1 = t0 (0.84+0.16(tm / t0 )2

= 13.56 mm ( Selected 14mm)

Region3

b1 = 21 m

h = 9.33

h1 = 11.33

t0 = 11.38t1 = t0 (0.84+0.16(tm / t0 )2

= 14.78 mm

t = 12.81 mm

t1 = 14.78 mm (selected 15mm)

Region4
b1 = 21 m

h = 12

h1 = 14

t0 = 15.91

t = 13.79 mm

t1 = t0 (084+0.16(tm / t0 )2

= 15.91 mm (Selected 16mm)

2) C.L Longitudinal Bulk Head Longitudinals and Inner Hull Longitudinals

Inner hull and longitudinal bulkheads are to be horizontally stiffened. The modulus of
longitudinals is not to be less than greater of the following:
(a) Z = 0.056kh2sl2eF1 cm3

(b) Z = 0.0051kh4sl2eF2 cm3

The inner hull and bulkhead plating is divided into various strakes for the determination
of center line bulkhead longitudinals and inner hull longitudinals.

L1/56 = 3.39

s = 850 mm

le = 4.25m

Table 1.2 Determination of scantlings of CL longitudinal bulkhead

longitudinals .
Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 Region 4
b1 21 21 21 21
h 5 10 14 18
h2 7 12 16 20
h4 12.488 17.488 21.488 25.488
F1 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12
F2 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73
Z1 722.211 1238.076 1650.768 2063.46
Z2 713.81 999.6 1228.24 1456.88
Taken Z 722.211 1238.076 1650.768 2063.46
Section Half bulb Half bulb Half bulb Half bulb
Scantling 300x14 370x16 430x15 430x21
Z of taken section 740 1300 1800 2150

Table 1.3 Determination of scantlings of inner hull longitudinals

Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 Region 4

b1 21 21 21 21
h 5 10 14 18
h2 7 12 16 20
h4 18.536 23.536 27.536 31.536
F1 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12
F2 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73
Z1 722.211 1238.076 1650.768 2063.46
Z2 1059.51 1345.31 1573.94 1802.58
Taken Z 1059.51 1345.31 1650.768 2063.46
Section Half bulb Half bulb Half bulb Half bulb
Scantling 370x13 400x14 430x15 430x21
 Z of taken section 1150 1450 1800 2150

3) Inner Bottom Plating and Longitudinals

The inner bottom is to be longitudinally framed and the inner bottom plating thickness is
to be

t = t0 / √ 2-FB

t0 = 0.005s√ kh1

h = 20 m

D1 = 16

R = 0.36

h1 = h + D1/8 = 22m

∴t0 = 20mm

∴t = 18.12 mm

Selected t = 18 mm

The modulus of longitudinals is not to be less than greater of the following:

(a) Z = 0.056kh2sl2eF1 cm3

h = 20 m

D1 = 16 m

h2 = h + D1 / 8 = 22 m

c1 = 0.667

F1 = 0.095

∴Z = 2063.46 cm3

(b) Z = 0.0051kh4sl2eF2 cm3

h4 = h + Rbi = 31.536m

c2 = 0.785

F2 = 0.64

but minimum value of F2 = 0.73

∴Z = 2063.46 cm3
 . Hence, Half bulb section of scantling 430x21 is taken having section modulus of 2150
cm3.

1.2.5. Primary Members Supporting the Hull Longitudinal Framing

1) Centre girder (LRS part 4 chapter 1,8.3.1)

(a) Minimum depth of centre girder

dDB = 28B + 205√ T mm

dDB = 1943.04 mm

Given 2.0m.

(b) Minimum thickness of centre girder( LRS, part 4, chapter 9,14.2.5)

t = (0.008 dDB + 1) √ k

= 17 mm

Given thickness = 17 mm

2) Floors and Side Girders ( LRS part 4, chapter 9,14.2.5)

t = (0.007dDB + 1) √ k

= 15 mm

but not to exceed 12√ k = 12 mm

given thickness = 12 mm

∴t = 12 mm

3) Deck Transverses

Section modulus of deck transverses is not to be less than

Z = 53.75 (0.0269sL + 0.8) (ST + 1.83)k cm3

s = 4.25 m

L = 233 m

ST = span of transverse

= 13.3 m

∴Z = 53.75 (0.269 × 4.25 × 233+ 0.8) (13.3 + 1.83) × 1

= 22313.4 cm3

The section selected is a T-section with scantlings as follows

1500X25 web and 300X25 flange with the section modulus as 25400 cm3

4) Vertical web on centerline longitudinal bulkhead

Section modulus of vertical web is to be not less than

Z = K3shsSs2k (sm3)

K3 = 1.88

s = 4.25

hs = distance between the lower span point of the vertical web

and the moulded deckline at centreline, in meters

= 18 m

Ss = span of vertical web, in meters, and is to be measured

between end span points.

= 13 m

∴Z = 24575.64 cm3

Taken 1500x 300x 25/25, with Z = 25400 cm3

1.2.6. Primary Members End Connections [LRS Part 3, Chapter 10, Section 3]

The following relations govern the scantlings of bracket:

(a + b) ≥ 2l

a ≥ 0.8 l

b ≥ 0.8 l

l = 90 2
√ (14 +Z√ Z)- 1 mm

1) Bracket connecting deck transverse and inner hull

l = 90 2 √ (14 +Z√ Z) - 1 mm

= 90 { 2 (√ 25400 / [ 14 + √ 25400]) – 1}

= 2088.0 mm

a ≥ 0.8l = 1670.4 mm

b ≥ 0.8l = 1670.4 mm
 Given a = 2300 mm and b = 2000 mm

t = thickness of web itself = 21 mm

Flange breadth to be not less than

bf = 40 (1 + Z / 1000) mm, but not less than 50mm

= 40 (1 + 25400 / 1000 )

= 1056 mm

2) Bracket connecting deck transverse and center line bulkhead web

l = 90 2 √ (14 +Z√ Z) - 1 mm

= 90 { 2 (√ 25400 / [ 14 + √ 25400]) – 1}

= 2088.0 mm

a ≥ 0.8l = 1670.4 mm

b ≥ 0.8l = 1670.4 mm

Given a = 2300 mm and b = 2000 mm

t = thickness of web itself = 21 mm

Flange breadth to be not less than

bf = 40 (1 + Z / 1000) mm, but not less than 50mm

= 40 (1 + 25400 / 1000 )

= 1056 mm

3) Bracket connecting center line vertical web and inner bottom plating

l = 90 2
√ (14 +Z√ Z)- 1 mm

= 90 { 2 (√ 25400 / [ 14 + √ 25400]) – 1}

= 2088 mm

a ≥ 0.8l = 1670.4 mm

b ≥ 0.8l = 1670.4 mm

Given a = 2300 mm and b = 2000 mm.

tb = thickness of web itself = 15 mm

Flange breadth to be not less than

 bf = 40 (1 + Z / 1000) mm, but not less than 50mm

= 40 (1 + 25400 / 1000 )

= 1056 mm

1.2.7. Section Modulus Calculation

Table 1.4 – Section Modulus Calculation

ITEMS L(mm) B(mm) N AREA(m2) LEVE AL A L2 I own(m4)
O: R
DECK PLATE 21000 20 2 0.924 22 19.404 447.216 0
SIDE SHELLPLATE 8500 20 2 0.374 15.25 5.2734 86.97837 0.818
5
SIDE SHELLPLATE 8500 19 2 0.323 6.75 1.938 14.71668 0.818
8
BOTTOM SHELL PLATE 16675 17 2 0.56695 0.008 0.00453 3.628E-05 0
6
BOTTOM BILGE PLATE 2635 17 2 0.08959 1.15 0.10302 0.118482 0
9 8
SHEERSTRAKE PLATE 2365 20 2 0.10406 21 2.18526 45.89046 0.0082
KEEL PLATE 3600 19 1 0.0684 0 0 0 0
INN HULL PLATE 18000 18 2 0.648 12 6.48 93.312 5.46
MARGIN PLATE 2800 18 2 0.1008 3.71 0.37396 1.387421 0.029
8 3
INN BOT PLATE 17000 18 2 0.612 2 1.224 2.448 0
CENTRE GIRDER 2000 17 1 0.034 1 0.034 0.034 0.011
SIDE GIRDER 2000 12 6 0.144 1 0.144 0.144 0.008
CL BKD reg 1 5000 12 1 0.06 19.5 1.17 22.815 0.125
CL BKD reg 2 5000 14 1 0.07 14.5 1.015 14.7175 0.146
CL BKD reg 3 5000 15 1 0.075 9.5 0.7125 6.76875 0.15625
CL BKD reg 4 5000 16 1 0.08 4.5 0.36 1.62 0.1666
WING TANK HORI.GIRDER 1 370*13 2 0.0139 9 0.125 1.1259 0
WING TANK HORI.GIRDER 2 400*14 2 0.0162 14 0.227 3.1752 0
WING TANK HORI.GIRDER 3 430*15 2 0.0188 20 0.376 7.52 0

DECK LONGITUDINALS 260*12 50 0.2065 21.87 4.13 98.76831

INNER HULL LONGITUDINALS IH 1 370*13 2 0.01392 19.15 0.266568 5.104

IH 2 370*13 2 0.01392 18.3 0.254 4.661
IH 3 370*13 2 0.01392 17.45 0.242 4.238
IH 4 370*13 2 0.01392 16.6 0.231 3.835
IH 5 370*13 2 0.01392 15.75 0.219 3.453
IH 6 400*14 2 0.01628 14.9 0.242 3.614
IH 7 400*14 2 0.01628 14.05 0.228 3.213
IH 8 400*14 2 0.01628 13.2 0.214 2.836
IH 9 400*14 2 0.01628 12.35 0.201 2.483
 IH 10 400*14 2 0.01628 11.5 0.187 2.153
IH 11 430*15 2 0.01882 10.65 0.2 2.134
IH 12 430*15 2 0.01882 9.8 0.184 1.807
IH 13 430*15 2 0.01882 8.95 0.168 1.507
IH 14 430*15 2 0.01882 8.1 0.152 1.234
IH 15 430*21 2 0.024 7.25 0.174 1.261
IH 16 430*21 2 0.024 6.4 0.153 0.983
IH 17 430*21 2 0.024 5.55 0.133 0.739
IH 18 430*21 2 0.024 4.7 0.112 0.53
IH 19 430*21 2 0.024 3.85 0.092 0.355

BOTTOM LONGITUDINALS 430*21 40 0.444 0 0 0

INNER BOTTOM 430*21 34 0.408 2 0.816 1.632

LONGITUDINALS

SIDE LONGITUDINALS
S1 370*13 2 0.01392 19.15 0.266 5.104
S2 370*13 2 0.01392 18.3 0.254 4.661
S3 370*13 2 0.01392 17.45 0.242 4.238
S4 370*13 2 0.01392 16.6 0.231 3.835
S5 370*13 2 0.01392 15.75 0.219 3.453
S6 400*14 2 0.01628 14.9 0.242 3.614
S7 400*14 2 0.01628 14.05 0.228 3.213
S8 400*14 2 0.01628 13.2 0.214 2.836
S9 400*14 2 0.01628 12.35 0.201 2.483
S 10 400*14 2 0.01628 11.5 0.187 2.153
S 11 430*15 2 0.01882 10.65 0.2 2.134
S 12 430*15 2 0.01882 9.8 0.184 1.807
S 13 430*15 2 0.01882 8.95 0.168 1.507
S 14 430*15 2 0.01882 8.1 0.152 1.234
S 15 430*21 2 0.024 7.25 0.174 1.261
S 16 430*21 2 0.024 6.4 0.153 0.983
S 17 430*21 2 0.024 5.55 0.133 0.739
S 18 430*21 2 0.024 4.7 0.112 0.53
S 19 430*21 2 0.024 3.85 0.092 0.355
S 20 430*21 2 0.024 3 0.072 0.216
S 21 430*21 2 0.024 2.15 0.051 0.11
BULKHEAD LONGITUDINALS
BKD 1 300*14 1 0.0058 19.15 0.111 2.126
BKD 2 300*14 1 0.0058 18.3 0.106 1.942
BKD 3 300*14 1 0.0058 17.45 0.101 1.766
BKD 4 300*14 1 0.0058 16.6 0.096 1.598
BKD 5 300*14 1 0.0058 15.75 0.091 1.438
BKD 6 370*16 1 0.00807 14.9 0.12 1.791
BKD 7 370*16 1 0.00807 14.05 0.113 1.593
BKD 8 370*16 1 0.00807 13.2 0.106 1.406
BKD 9 370*16 1 0.00807 12.35 0.099 1.23
BKD 370*16 1 0.00807 11.5 0.092 1.067
10
BKD 370*16 1 0.00807 10.65 0.085 0.915
 11
BKD 430*15 1 0.00941 9.8 0.092 0.903
12
BKD 430*15 1 0.00941 8.95 0.084 0.753
13
BKD 430*15 1 0.00941 8.1 0.076 0.617
14
BKD 430*15 1 0.00941 7.25 0.068 0.494
15
BKD 430*15 1 0.00941 6.4 0.06 0.385
16
BKD 430*21 1 0.024 5.55 0.133 0.739
17
BKD 430*21 1 0.024 4.7 0.112 0.53
18
BKD 430*21 1 0.024 3.85 0.092 0.355
19
BKD 430*21 1 0.024 3 0.072 0.216
20
BKD 430*21 1 0.024 2.15 0.051 0.11
21
6.239 53.0416 912.233 7.3708

Σ AL
Height of the neutral axis, hNA =
ΣA

53.042
= 6.239
= 8.502 m from base line

Moment about keel,

I KEEL = ΣAh2 + ΣIXX

= 912.233 + 7.371

= 919.604 m4

Moment about neutral axis,

I NA = I KEEL - ΣA x (hNA)2

= 919.604- 6.239x (8.502)2

= 468.65 m4

Section modulus about deck,

INA
ZDECK =
h DECK

468.65
=
21-8.71
= 37.788m3

Section modulus about keel,

 ZKEEL = INA

hNA
468.65
=
8.507

= 55.124m3

Required section modulus, ZMIN = 34.402 m3

Here ZDECK and ZKEEL are getting more than the minimum section modulus required. So the design is
satisfactory.

The maximum hull vertical bending stresses at deck, σ DECK, and keel, σKEEL, are given by the
following, using the appropriate combination of bending moments to give sagging and hogging
stresses:

σDECK =( |Ms+Mw|x 10–3) / ZDECK N/mm2

= 94.347 N/mm2

σKEEL = (|Ms+Mw|x 10–3 )/ ZKEEL N/mm2

= 67.271 N/mm2