SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering (SSRG-IJCE) – Volume 6 Issue 5–May 2019

Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Planted

Columns Supported on Reinforced Concrete
Beams
Ahmed S. Rashed1 and Heba M. Issa2
1
Civil Engineering Department, Higher Institute of Engineering, El-Shorouk City, Cairo, Egypt
2
Reinforced Concrete Research Institute, Housing and Building National Research Center, HRBC, Cairo, Egypt

Abstract reinforcement capacity is formulated based on

Changing columns positions or its directions diagonal crack configuration. Waryosh et al. (2014)
through different floors levels may cause many [2] had tested four reinforced concrete beams with
problems if not taken in design considerations. variation in shear reinforcement ratio, the ellipse
Unfortunately, there are no specifications or design interaction relation results seem to underestimate bi-
requirements in the different codes of practice for the axial shear capacity of concrete about (119 to 188%)
design of beams that have planted columns. The goal and (43 to 50%) according to ACI and JSCE design
of this theoretical investigation is to specify the codes respectively, while overestimate bi-axial shear
behavior of the planted column-beam connection capacity of shear reinforcement of reinforced concrete
taking in considerations the beam width, the direction members with rectangular cross sections by the range
of the column, its dimensions, and shear of (21) to (6) % and (25) to (11) % according to ACI
reinforcement distributions. Therefore, a three- and JSCE code, respectively.
dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis was Chaisomphob et al. (2003) [3], made an
carried out for 17 models sorted in 5 groups. It was experimental study on four reinforced concrete
observed that longer side of the planted column members to study the mode of failure and failure load
direction which is perpendicular to the beam span of a reinforced concrete beam with a rectangular
had a better behavior in failure load and deflection cross-section under combined of bi-axial shear load
than it was parallel to the beam span. Also, the accompanied with a torsional moment. The results
planted column length preferred to be taken the same showed that as the torsional moment increased to
as the beam width for better behavior. about 69%, the bi-axial shear capacity decreased to
about 12% to 39% based on the ratio of bi-axial
Keywords - supported beams; planted columns; shears.
shear stresses; bending stresses. The use of Finite Element Methods in the
reinforced concrete beams analysis has become a very
I. INTRODUCTION useful and handy tool in modern times due to the
Columns are the most critical compression emergence of powerful computers. The use of Finite
members which transmit loads from the top level to Element Analysis is high-speed and economical as
the lowers and then to the soil passing through the compared to laboratory testing.
foundations. A planted column is a vertical
compression member that is supported on a non-axial A. Objective
bearing member such as slabs or beams to be able to The main goal of this theoretical investigation is
answer the structural requirements without sacrificing to study the load capacity and deflection behavior of
interior and architectural needs. Unfortunately, there planted columns supported on beams that have been
are not many studies about the behavior of planted tested in the laboratory.Accordingly, to achieve these
columns and the supported beam. objected, seventeen finite element models dividedinto
Hansapinyo et al. (2003) [1], have an five groups.
experimental study on thirteen reinforced concrete
beams with square and rectangular cross sections to B. Analytical program
study ultimate capacity under bi-axial shear loading, The analytical program performed through this
and the ultimate bi-axial shear capacities of concrete study began with the element types, model’s details
and shear reinforcement were defined separately. The and models’ grouping.A nonlinear finite element
estimations of bi-axial shear capacity of the shear model (ANSYS 14package) [4] was used to closely
reinforcement for rectangular sections gave the value foretell the behavior of the reinforced concrete beam
in the rage of 0.88-1.27 of the tests. Also, the ellipse carrying a planted column.
formula was underestimated bi-axial shear
capacity.While it was overestimated the bi-axial shear
capacity of shear reinforcement of specimens with a
rectangular section in which a model to calculate shear

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 a). Elements types Table2 : Multi-linear isotropic stress-strain curve for
the concrete curve used in modeling
1). The concrete element
Concrete in compression: the idealized stress-
strain curve based on the Egyptian Code of Practice Point 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
(ECP 203-07) [5] can be used for representing the 8.3 10. 12. 14. 16. 18. 20. 22 25. 25.
Stress
actual behavior of concrete in compression. It 6 0 0 0 0 0 00 .0 0 0
consists of a parabola up to a strain of 0.002 and Strain 47 58 69 82 96 13 13 252 25
380
straight horizontal line up to a strain of 0.003. *10-6 0 0 0 0 0 10 50 0 00
SOLID65, the solid element used to model the
concrete has eight nodes with three degrees of 2). The reinforcement element
freedom at each node and translations in the nodal x, The mechanical properties of steel are familiar
y, and z directions. This element is capable of and understood. Reinforcement steel is homogeneous
predicting cracking in three orthogonal directions, material and usually has the same yield strength in
crushing, creep and plastic deformation.The tension and compression. In the present study
"SOLID65" element requires linear and multi-linear reinforcing steel is modeled a bilinear elastoplastic
isotropic material properties to model the concrete. material essentially using the idealized stress-strain
"Willam et al. (1974) [6] use the multi-linear curve.
isotropic material, model to define the failure of the
concrete and "ACI code, MacGregor (2011) [7]" use A 3-D element (LINK180) was used to model
the multi-linear isotropic compressive stress-strain the steel. LINK180 is a uniaxial tension-compression
curve in the concrete model according to. element with three degrees of freedoms at each node,
The model is capable of foretelling failure ofthe translations in the nodal x, y, and z directions.
concrete as shown in Figure1, where cracking and Inhinged joint structure, no bending of the element is
crushing failure modes were taken into consideration. considered. The summary of material properties for
the reinforcement steel are in Table (3).

Table3: Material properties for the reinforcement

Es Elastic Fy
Property Υ
(N/mm2) modulus (N/mm2)
Reinforce
200000 0.0 360 0.30
ment
Steel plates 200000 0.0 --- 0.30

3). Steel plate's element

SOLID65, was used for the steel plates where
were added at loading and supportspoints in the
Figure1: the surface of the concrete failure models to provide even stress distribution over the
loading areas and prevent local failure of concrete at
In concrete element, when the principal tensile
these points.
stress in any directions lies outside the failure surface
the cracking occurs. After cracking, Young's modulus
b). Main Parameters
of the concrete element was set to zero in the
The main parameters taken into consideration
direction parallel to the principal tensile stress
are:
direction. When all principal stresses are compressive
1. Beambreadth (b).
and lie outside the failure surface the crushing occurs.
2. Planted column's longer side
After that, Young's modulus again was set to zero but
direction according to the beam.
in all directions, and the element effectively
3. Vertical shear reinforcement. In
disappears.Material model in “ANSYS (14)”[4]
order to study these parameters.
requires defining the properties of concrete as shown
in Table (1), also multi-linear isotropic stress-strain Five groups is assumed and shown in Table (4).
curve shown in Table (2). Group (G1): consisted of four models S1-S2-
S3and S4. To study beam width effect on the
Table1 :Materials properties for concrete
connection between the planted column and
Ec σcu σtu βr βr
Propert (opene
supported beam, where the longer side of the column
(N/mm2 (N/mm (N/m υ (closed direction (tc) is perpendicular to the beam span at
y 2 d
) ) m2) crack) mid-span, and the beam width is equal to the breadth
crack)
of the supported beam (b) as shown in Figure (2).
0.
Model 22000 25 3
2
0.2 1.0 Group (G2): consisted of four models S1-S2-
S3and S4. To study the effect of column's longer side

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direction effect, where the longer side of the column c). Model geometry and reinforcement details
direction (tc) is parallel to the beam span at mid-span The typical specimen is a beam of
and the beam width equal to the breadth of the beam 375*400*2000 mm with a planted column of
(b) as shown in Figure (3). 120*375*600 mm height which its location varied
Group (G3): consisted of four models S1-S2-S3 from one group to another. The typical dimensions
and S4. To study the effect of increasing shear and reinforcement details are drawn in Figure (6).
reinforcement, where the dimensions and the
reinforcement details are the same as (G1-S3) but
with increasing the shear reinforcement (stirrups)
distribution to ø 8 every 75 mm.
Group (G4): consisted of three models S1-S2
and S3. To study beam width effect on the connection
between the planted column and the supported beam,
where the longer side of the column direction (t c) is
perpendicular to the beam span at mid-span with
increasing in beam dimension and reinforcement as
shown in Figure (4).
Group (G5): consisted of three models S1-S2
and S3. To study the effect of increasing shear
reinforcement while column longer side direction is
parallel to the beam span, where the dimensions and
the reinforcement details are the same as (G4-S3) but
with changing the shear reinforcement distribution as
shown in Figure (5).

Figure6: The typical dimensions and reinforcement

detailing

Table 1: models dimension and reinforcement details

* All the dimensions in mm.

Model Beam* Column*

b (mm) t (mm) span Top Bot Shear tc bc h
rft.** rft.**. reinforcement

G1-S1 125 400 2000 2y12 2y16 Y8@150mm 125 120 600

G1-S2 250 400 2000 4y12 4y16 Y8@150mm 250 120 600

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G1-S3 375 400 2000 6y12 6y16 Y8@150mm 375 120 600

G1-S4 500 400 2000 8y12 8y16 Y8@150mm 500 120 600

G2-S1 125 400 2000 2y12 2y16 Y8@150mm 125 120 600
G2-S2 250 400 2000 4y12 4y16 Y8@150mm 250 120 600

G2-S3 375 400 2000 6y12 6y16 Y8@150mm 375 120 600

G2-S4 500 400 2000 8y12 8y16 Y8@150mm 500 120 600

G3-S1 375 400 2000 6y12 6y16 Y8@150mm 375 120 600

G3-S2 375 400 2000 6y12 6y16 Y8@125mm 375 120 600

G3-S3 375 400 2000 6y12 6y16 Y8@100mm 375 120 600

G3-S4 375 400 2000 6y12 6y16 Y8@75mm 375 120 600

G4-S1 1000 1000 4000 10y12 10y16 Y8@150mm 1000 300 1000
G4-S2 1200 1000 4000 12y12 12y16 Y8@125mm 1200 300 1000

G4-S3 1500 1000 4000 15y12 15y16 Y8@100mm 1500 300 1000

G5-S1 1500 1000 4000 15y12 15y16 Y8@150mm 1500 300 1000

G5-S2 1500 1000 4000 15y12 15y16 Y8@125mm 800 300 1000

G5-S3 1500 1000 4000 15y12 15y16 Y8@100mm 800 300 1000

** y represent steel grade 36/52

a). Effect of changing of beam width

D. Finite Element Results, Analysis, and Discussions Table (5) shows group (G1) failure load and its
The following factors were recorded for each deflection value at the mid-span of the supported
model: beam, It can be concluded that the increasein beam
1. Failure load. width of the supported beam which has a planted
2. Maximum Deflection at mid-span of the column perpendicular to the beam span is linearly
supported beam. directly proportional to the failure with less
3. Cracks propagations. deflection values as shown in Figures (7)&(8).

Table 2: results of the group (G1)

Model Code G1-S1 G1-S2 G1-S3 G1-S4

beam width/beam depth 0.3125 0.625 0.9375 1.25
Failure load (kN). 136.95 272.9 389.3 509.5
Max. deflection at mid-span in (mm) 10.19 9.96 9.31 9.10

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 SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering (SSRG-IJCE) – Volume 6 Issue 5–May 2019

Figure 7: relation bet. load& b/t for G1 Figure 8: relations bet.deflection& b/t for G1

b) Effects of changingthe column’s longer side after the first point with absolutely the same values
direction of deflection at the failure load.
Table (6) shows group (G2) failure load and its
deflection at the middle of the supported beam, It can
be concluded that, As increasing the beam width
ratio which leads to increase the failure load but with
less failure loads rate compared by group (1) as
shown in Figure (11) . Figures (9) & (10) show the
relationship between the failure load and max
deflections with (b/t). The relation is almost constant
Table 3: results of the group (G2)
Model Code G2-S1 G2-S2 G2-S3 G2-S4
Beam width/Beam depth 0.3125 0.625 0.9375 1.25
Failure load (kN) 136.95 191.1 293.1 388.2
Maximum def.at mid-span in (mm) 10.19 6.764 6.80 6.857

Figure 9: relation bet. load& b/t for G2 Figure 10: relation bet. deflection& b/t for G2

It can be concluded that the changing of column

direction of the planted column in the group (2) to be the
column length parallel to beam span at the center line of the
beam has a significant drop on the beam capacity with about
23.8% compared by Group (1). There is less propagation of
cracks and less deflection values at the failure load
compared by the models of Group (1).
Figure 11: the relation between load & b/t for G1&

G2

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 c).Effects of increasing shear reinforcement
distribution It can be concluded that the changing of shear
Table (7) shows group (G3) failure loads and its reinforcement distribution under the planted column
deflection values at the middle of the beam span. It with decreasing the spacing have a good
can be concluded that, as increasing shear enchainment and recovery of the beam capacity
reinforcement distribution under the planted column compared with regular spacing of shear
on the load capacity of the beam where the column reinforcement without decreasing it.
length is parallel to beam span. Figure (12) shows
that the relationship is all most liner and inversely d). Effects of changing of beam width and column’s
proportional at the first beginning of the curve. As longer sideis perpendiculars to beam span(large scale
the spacing between the shear reinforcement was beams)
decreased under the planted column, that leads to Table (8) shows group (4) failure loads and its
increase in the failure load until the value of spacing deflection values at the mid-span of the supported
reaches 75mm, it was found less rate of increasing beam, It can be concluded thatthe results in (Figure
the failure load before for the previous points and the (14)show that the relationship is all most liner and
curve gets its way to be in a horizontal direction. directly proportional with beam width ratio, the
Figure (13) shows the relationship between the behavior is almost the same as Group (G1).
deflections – spacing between shear
reinforcement(S). The relation is almost linear, and Table 5: results of the group (G4)
the value of deflection increased with the increasing Model Code G4-S1 G4-S2 G4-S3
the beam capacity until reaching the value of spacing
beam width/beam
of 10mm after this point the deflection becomes all 1 1.2 1.50
depth
most constant.
Failure load(kN). 1534 1843 2305
Table 4: results of the group (G3) Maximum def.at
4.321 4.31 4.36
mid-span in (mm)

Model Code G3-S1 G3-S2 G3-S3 G3-S4

Failure load (kN) 293.1 382.3 464.7 500.1

Max. deflection at Mid-span
6.8 8.5 10.9 10.98
in (mm)

Figure 14: relation between load & b/t for G4

e). Effects of changing of beam width and column’s

longer side is parallel to beam span (large scale
beams)
Table (9) shows group (5) the failure load and its
deflection at the middle of the supported beam. It
Figure 12: relation bet.load& stirrups spacing can be concluded that, as the column's longer side
change direction in model G5-S1 to make the column
length parallel to beam span with (b/L) equal to
0.375, no effect was found in the failure load
compared with model G4-S3 which have a column
longer side in the other direction. Model G5-S2 has
(b/L) equal to 0.20 had a drop in failure load by 30 %
compared by models G4-S3and G5-S1. The model
G5-S3 has (b/L) equal to 0.20 when the distribution
of stirrups increased under the planted column, it was
found a full recovery of failure load for the beam.
Figure 13: relation bet. deflection& spacing This indicates that the total areas of shear

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reinforcement under planted have a great effect on Reinforced Concrete Beam Subjected to Bi-axial Shear
and Torsion, Songklanakarin Journal Science and
the failure load.
Technology, 25(1), 41-52.
Table 6: results of the group (G5) [4] ANSYS user’s manuals, “Structural Analysis Guide”,
Release 12.0, ANSYS Inc. Southpointe 275 Technology
Model Code G5-S1 G5-S2 G5-S3 Drive Canonsburg, PA 15317, April 2009.
Column [5] Egyptian Code of Practice, ECP-203, “Design and
Construction of Reinforced Concrete Structure”,
length/Beam depth 0.375 0.20 0.20 Ministry of Building Construction, 2007.
(b/L) [6] K.J. Willam, and E. P. Warnke, “Constitutive Model for
Tri-axial Behavior of Concrete”, Seminar on Concrete
Failure load (kN) 2305 1603 2352 Structures Subjected to Tri-axial Stresses, International
Association of Bridge and Structural Engineering
Conference, Bergamo, Italy, 1974.
V. CONCLUSIONS [7] ACI code, MacGregor, “Reinforced Concrete
Mechanics and Design”, Sixth Edition, 2011.
The following conclusions were drawn:
The case of the longer side of planted column is
perpendicular to beam span:
 The increasing of the beam width is linearly
directly proportional with the failure load of the
supported beam taking in consideration shear
reinforcement specifications.
The planted column length preferred to be taken
the same as the beam width for better behavior.
The case of the longer side of the planted
column direction is parallel to the beam span:
 The increasing of the beam width is non-
linearly proportional with the failure load of the
supported beam which appeared to drop in failure
load compared to the other direction of the planted
column.
The case of the longer side of the planted
column direction is parallel to the beam span as well
as increasing the distribution of shear reinforcement
under the planted column:
 Increasing the distribution of the shear
reinforcement under the planted column gives an
appeared enhancement in the load failure and
functional recovery in the beam capacity.
 The decreasing of the distance between
shear reinforcement is directly proportional with the
failure load until shear reinforcement distribution of
100mm the decreasing more than this has no
influence in increasing the failure load .
 If the longer side of the planted column
direction is parallel to the beam span, it is advised to
decrease the distance between the shear
reinforcement (100 mm) with distance not less than
the column length for the zone under the planted
column.

REFERENCES
[1] Hansapinyo C., Maekawa K. and Chaisomphob T.
(2003), Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams
Subjected to Bi-axial Shear, Journal of Materials,
Concrete Structures and Pavements, JSCE, V-58, No.
725, 321-331.
[2] Waryosh W.A., Mohaisen S.K. and Yahya L.M. (2014),
Behavior of Rectangular Reinforced Concrete Beams
Subjected to Bi-axial Shear Loading, Journal of
Engineering and Development, Vol. 18, No. 2, ISSN
1813-7822.
[3] Chaisomphob T., Kritsanawonghong S. and Hansapinyo
C. (2003), Experimental Investigation on Rectangular

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