Complete HSEB Solution of Mathematics Grade-11 / 63 64/Trigonometry

Chapter-4 1
(iii) cos C + cos D = 2 cos
2
1
(C + D) cos (C – D)
2
1 1
Trigonometry (iv) cos C – cos D = 2 sin (C + D) sin (D – C)
2 2
4. Trigonometric Equations and General values
4.1 Inverse Circular Function
Trigonemetric Equation General Values
Syllabus Issued by HSEB
sin = sin   = n + (– 1)n 
 Trigonometric equations and general values
 Inverse circular functions cos  = cos   = 2n  
 Properties of a triangle tan  = tan   = n + 
 (sine law, cosine law, tangent law, projection law, half angle law) sin  = – sin   = n + (– 1)n (– )
 The area of a triangle cos  = – cos   = 2n + ( – )
 Solution of a triangle (simple cases) tan  = – tan   = n – 
4.1.1 Trigonometrical Equations and General Values sin2 = sin2  = n  
1. Addition and subtraction formulae cos2 = cos2   = n  
(i) sin (A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin A tan2 = tan2  = n  
(ii) cos (A + B) = cos A cos B – sin A sin B
tan A + tan B 4.1.3 Inverse Circular Function
(iii) tan (A + B) =
1 – tan A tan B Formulae
(iv) sin (A – B) = sin A cos B – cos A sin B 1. sin–1 x = cos–1 1 – x2 cos–1x = sin–1 1 – x2
(v) cos (A – B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B 1 1
tan A – tan B 2. tan–1 x = cot–1 , cot–1 x = tan–1
(vi) tan (A – B) = x x
1 + tan A tan B 1 1
tan A + tan B + tan C – tan A tan B tan C cosec–1 x = sin–1 sec–1x = cos–1
(vii) tan (A + B + C) = x x
1 – tan A tan B – tan B tan C – tan C tan A  c
c
2. Multiple and sub-angle formulae 3. sin–1 x + cos–1x = tan–1x + cot –1 x =
2 2
(i) sin 2A = 2 sin A cos A
 c
(ii) cos 2A = cos2A – sin2A = 2 cos2A – 1 = 1 – 2 sin2A cosec–1x + sec–1x =
2 tan A 2
(iii) tan 2A = x+y x–y
1 – tan2A 4. tan x + tan y = tan–1
–1 –1
, tan–1x – tan–1 = tan–1
(iv) sin 3A = 3 sin A – 4 sin3A 1 – xy 1 + xy
(v) cos 3A = 4 cos3A – 3 cos A 5. sin–1 x  sin–1y = sin–1 (x 1 – y2  y 1 – x2)
1 1 cos–1x  cos–1y = cos–1 (xy  (1 – x2) (1 – y2))
(vi) sin A = 2 sin A cos A
2 2 6. sin (sin–1x) = x, cos–1 (cos x) = x etc.
1 1 1 1
(vii) cos A = cos2 A – sin2 A = 2 cos2 A – 1 = 1 – 2 sin2 A
2 2 2 2 4.1.4 Solution of Triangle
1
2 tan A Formulae
2
(viii) tan A = 1. The cosine Law:
1 In any triangle ABC, the cosine law states that
1 – tan2 A
2 b2 + c2 – a2
3. Producer or Transformation formulae (i) a2 = b2 + c2– 2 bc cos A, or, cos A =
2bc
1 1 c2 + a2 – b2
(i) sin C + sin D = 2 sin (C + D) cos (C – D) (ii) b2 = c2 + a2 – 2 ca cos B, or, cos B =
2 2 2ca
1 1 a2 + b2 – c 2
(ii) sin C – sin D = 2 sin (C – D) cos (C + D) (iii) c2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab cos C, or, cos C =
2 2 2ab
 Complete HSEB Solution of Mathematics Grade-11 / 65 66/Trigonometry
2. The Sine Law: 1 (s – b) (s – c) 1 (s – c) (s – a)
(ii) tan A = , tan B = ,
In any triangle ABC the sine law states that, 2  2 
a b c 1 (s – a) (s – b)
= = = 2R tan C =
sin A sin B sin C 2 
where R is the radius of the circum -circle 1 s (s – a) 1 s (s – b) 1 s (s – c)
a b c (iii) cot A = , cot B = , cot C =
i.e., = 2R, = 2R and = 2R 2  2  2 
sin A sin B sin C
3. The Projection Law: HSEB Questions and Answers
In any triangle ABC, the projection law states that
(i) a = b cos C + c cos B 4.1 Inverse Circular Function
(ii) b = c cos A + a cos C
(iii) c = a cos B + b cos A 1
1. Find the value of tan–13 + tan–1 [HSEB 2056 Q.N. 2(a)]
4. The Half-Angle Formulae 3
In any triangle ABC, Solution:
We know that,
1 (s – b) (s – c) 1 s (s – a)
(i) sin A = (vi) cos A = A+B
2 bc 2 bc tan -1A + tan-1B = tan–1
1 – AB
1 (s – c) (s – a) 1 s (s – b)
(ii) sin B = (vii) cos B = 3 + 1 10
2 ca 2 ca 1  3 3 
(s – a) (s – b) s (s – c)  tan–13 + tan–1 = tan–1 = tan –1 = tan– 1  =
1 1 3 1 1–1 2
(iii) sin C =
2
(viii) cos C =
2 1–3×
ab ab 3
1 (s – b) (s – c) 1 (s – c) (s – a)
(iv) tan A = ; (ix) tan B = 2a 2b
2 s (s – a) 2 s (s – b) 2. Solve: sin–1 + sin–1 = 2tan–1 x. [HSEB 2056 Q.N. 8(a)]
1 + a2 1 + b2
1 (s – a) (s – b) Solution:
(v) tan C =
2 s (s – c) Let a = tan
5. The Tangent Law 2a 2 tan
In any triangle ABC, the tangent law states that: Then, sin–1 = sin–1
1 + a2 1 + tan2
1 b–c 1
(i) tan (B – C) = cot A, = sin–1 (sin 2) = 2 = 2 tan–1a
2 b+c 2 Similarly, we have
1 c–a 1 2b
(ii) tan (C – A) = cot B, Sin –1 = 2 tan –1 b
2 c+a 2 1+ b2
1 a–b 1 Now,
(iii) tan (A – B) = cot C.
2 a+b 2 2a 2b
6. The Area of a Triangle sin–1 + sin–1 = 2 tan–1x
1 + a2 1 + b2
In any triangle ABC, the area of the trinagle is calculated as or, 2 tan–1a + 2 tan–1b = 2 tan–1x
1 1 1 or, tan–1 a + tan–1b = tan–1x
(a)  = b c sin A = ca sin B = ab sin C
2 2 2 a+b
or, tan–1 = tan–1x
(b)  = s (s – a) (s – b) (s – c) where 2s = a + b + c 1 – ab
1 a+b
(c)  = 2b2c2 + 2c2a2 + 2a2b2 – a4 – b4 – c4  x = .
4 1 – ab
1 1 a abc
(d)  = b c sin A = bc. = 3. Prove that: sin (2 sin–1x) = 2x 1 – x2 [HSEB 2057 Q.N. 2(a)]
2 2 2R 4R
2 2 2 Solution:
Cor. (i) sin A =
bc
, sin B =
ca
, sin C =
ab Let sin–1x =  then, sin  = x
LHS = sin (2 sin–1x) = sin 2
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= 2 sin . cos  1
= 2 sin  1 – sin2 sin  5 1
Now, tan  = = =
= 2x 1 – x2 cos  2 2
= RHS 5
 = tan –  
1
4. Find the value of cos tan–1 sin cot–1x. [HSEB 2057 Q.N. 8(a) OR]
Solution: 2 
Let cot –1x =  then, cot  = x 1
 cosec –1
5 =  = tan–1 . . . . (ii)
and sin cot –1 x = sin  2
1 1 1 Now,
= = = LHS = cot –13 + cosec–1 5
cosec  1 + cot2 1 + x2 [∵ from (ii)]

= tan –1 + tan –1 
1 1
Again, suppose
tan–1 sin cot –1x = tan–1 sin  = 
 3 2
tan–1 sin cot–1x =   + 
1 1

= tan–1 
3 2 
1
Then, tan = tan tan–1 sin cot–1x = sin cot –1 x = sin  =
1 + x2
 1 – 1 . 1
 3 2
1
tan  = –1
5
1 + x2 = tan = tan–1 1
5
1
Hence, cos tan–1 sin cot –1x = cos  = 
sec  = = RHS
4
1 1
= = 1 1 6
1 + tan2 1 7. Show that tan–1 + tan–1 = tan–1 [HSEB 2059 Q.N. 2(a)]
1+ 5 7 17
1 + x2
Solution:
(1 + x2)
= 1 1
(2 + x2) Suppose, tan–1 = x and tan-1 = y
5 7
1 1 1
5. Find the value of tan-13 + tan–1 . [HSEB 2058 Q.N. 2(a)] then , tanx = and tan y =
5 7
3
Solution: We know that
See answer of Q.N. 1. tan x + tan y
tan (x + y) =
1 – tan x. tan y
 1 1 12
6. Prove that cot–13 + cosec–1 5 = [HSEB 2058 Q.N. 8(a)] +
4 5 7 35
Solution: = =
1 1 34
1 1– .
We know that, cot –1 3 = tan –1 . . . . (i) 5 7 35
3
12
Let cosec–1 5 =  =
34
or, cosec = 5 6
1 =
or, sin  = 17
5 6
or, tan (x + y) =
1 17
 cos  = 1 – sin2 = 1– 6
5 or, x + y = tan–1
4 2 17
= = 1 1 6
5 5  tan–1 + tan–1 = tan–1
5 7 17
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–1 –1 -1 3 2m 2n
8. Prove: tan (2 tan x) = 2 tan (tan x + tan x ). [HSEB 2059 Q.N. 8(a)]
11. Solve: 2tan–1 x = sin–1 + sin–1 . [HSEB 2061 Q.N. 2(a)]
Solution: 1 + m2 1 + n2
Let tan–1x = then, x = tan Solution:
Now, Put m = tan
2 tan 2x 2m 2 tan
LHS = tan (2 tan–1x) = tan 2 = = . . . . (i) Then, sin–1 = sin–1 = sin–1 sin 2 = 2 = 2 tan–1m
1 – tan2 1 – x2 1 + m2 1 + tan2
Again, 2m
RHS = 2 tan (tan–1x + tan–1 x3)  sin–1 = 2 tan–1m
1 + m2
 x + x3  A+B 
= 2 tan tan–1 3  tan A + tan B = tan
–1 –1 –1 2n
 1 – x. x  1 – AB Similarly, sin–1
1 + n2
= 2 tan–1n
 
2
x (1 + x )
= 2 tan tan–1  2m 2n
 (1 – x2) (1 + x2) We have, 2 tan–1x = sin–1 + sin–1
1 + m2 1 + n2
2x
= . . . . (ii) or, 2 tan–1x = 2 (tan–1m + tan–1n)
1 – x2
m+n
From (i) and (ii), LHS = RHS or, tan–1x = tan–1
1 – mn
1 1  m+n
9. Show that tan–1 + tan–1 = . [HSEB 2060 Q.N. 2(a)] Hence, x =
1 – mn
2 3 4
Solution:
1 1 12. If tan–1x + tan–1y + tan–1z = , prove that x + y = z = xyz.
Let tan–1 = x and tan–1 = y [HSEB 2061 Q.N. 8(a)]
2 3
1 1 Solution:
Then, tan x = and tan y =
2 3 We have, tan–1x + tan–1y + tan–1z = 
We know that, Let tan–1x = A, then x = tanA
1 1 5 tan–1y = B, then y = tanB
+ and tan–1z = C, then z = tanC
tan x + tan y 2 3 6 5
tan (x + y) =
1 – tan x. tan y
=
1 1
= = =1
5 5 Since tan–1x + tan–1 + tan–1z = 
1– .  i.e., A + B + C = 
2 3 6
or, tan (x + y) = 1 or, A + B = – C
or, x + y = tan–1 1  tan (A + B) = tan(– C) = – tanC
1   tanA + tanB
 tan–1 + tan–1 =  tan–11 = 
1 or, = – tanC
2 3 4  4 1 – tanA tanB
x+y
10. Prove that cot–1 (tan 2x) – cot–1 (tan 3x) = x. [HSEB 2060 Q.N. 8(a)] or, =–z
1 – xy
Solution: or, x + y = –z + xyz
Let cot –1 (tan 2x) =  and cot –1 (tan 3x) = 
 x + y + z = xyz
Then, cot  = tan 2x and cot  = tan 3x
We know that, 1
cot . cot  + 1 tan 2x. tan 3x + 1 13. Solve: cos(sin–1x) = [HSEB 2062 Q.N. 2(a)]
2
cot ( –) = =
cot  – cot  tan 3x – tan 2x Solution:
1 1 1 1
=
tan 3x – tan 2x
= =
tan (3x – 2x) tan x
= cot x We have, cos (sin–1x) =
2
1 + tan 3x . tan 2x Let sin–1x = 
or, cot ( – ) = cot x 1 1
Then, cos (sin–1x) =  cos  =
or,   –  = x 2 2
 cot –1 (tan 2x) – cot –1 (tan 3x) = x Now, sin = 1 – cos2
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 
 tan–1x + cot –1 x =  = 
1 2
1–  =2×
2 2
or, sin =
2
4–1 Hence, LHS = RHS
or, sin =
a–b b–c c–a
Prove that: tan–1  –1  –1 
4
3
16.
1 + ab + tan 1 + bc + tan 1 + ca = 0 .
or, sin = [HSEB 2064 Q.N. 2(a)]
2
Solution:
3 a–b  b–c  c–a 
or,  = sin–1 LHS = tan–1  –1  –1 
2  1 + ab + tan  1 + bc + tan  1 + ca
3 = tan–1a – tan–1b + tan–1b – tan–1c + tan–1c – tan–1a
or, sin–1x = sin–1
2 = 0 = RHS
3
 x = 
2 17. Prove that: sec–1x + cosec–1x = [HSEB 2065 Q.N. 2(a)]
2
Prove that: tan–1 
sin x  x Solution:
14.
1 + cos x = 2 [HSEB 2063 Q.N. 2(a)]
Let sec–1x = 
Solution: Then, x = sec

LHS = tan –1  x = cosec  – 
sin x 
 1 + cos x or,
2 
2 sin x cos x  sin x  
or, cosec–1x = – 
= tan–1   = tan–1  2  = tan–1 tan x = x
2 2 2
 2 cos2  x  cos x  2 2 
 + cosec–1x =
 2   2 or,
2

1 1  sec–1x + cosec–1 x =
15. Prove that: tan–11 + tan–12 + tan–13 = 2(tan–1 1 + tan–1 + tan–1 ) 2
2 3
[HSEB 2063 Q.N. 8(a) OR] 18. If tan–1x + tan–1y + tan–1z = , show that x + y + z = xyz.
Solution: [HSEB 2065 Q.N. 8(a)]
 Solution:
LHS = tan–1 (tan ) + (tan–12 + tan–13) See answer of Q.N. 12.

 2+3 19. Prove that cos–1 (–x) =  – cos–1x [HSEB 2066 Q.N. 2(a)]
= + tan–1 [ 2 × 3 > 1]
 1 – 2.3 Solution:
   Let cos–1 (– x) = 
= +  tan–1 (–1) = +  + =  Then, – x = cos
  
or, x = – cos
 1+
1

or, x = cos ( – )
RHS = 2 tan–1 1 + tan–1 + tan–1  = 2 tan–1
1 1 2 1
+ tan–1
 2 3  1 3 or, cos–1x =  – 
1–1×
 2  or,  + cos–1x = 
  =  – cos–1x
 3
 Hence, cos–1 (x) =  – cos-1x
 –1
2 –1 
1
= 2 tan–13 + tan–1 
1
= 2 tan
 1
+ tan
3   3 20. If cot–1 x + cot–1y + cot–1z =  show that xy + yz + zx = 1
 2  [HSEB 2066 Q.N. 8(a)]
= 2 [tan–13 + cot–13]  tan–1 1 = cot –1x Solution:
 x  Let, cot –1x = A, then x = cot A
cot –1y = B, then y = cot B
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–1
cot z = C, then z = cot C 1
= (4 sinA . sinB sinC)[ sin 2A + sin 2B + sin 2C = 4sinA
Then, cot –1x + cot –1y + cot –1z =  2
 A + B + C =  sinB sinC]
 B + C =  – A = 2sinA . sinB sinC
Taking cot on both sides, we get = 2xyz = R.H.S
cot (B + C) = cot ( – A) 1 1
cot B cot C – 1 23. Prove that: tan–11 + tan–12 + tan–13 =  2(tan–11 + tan–1 + tan–1 )
2 3
or, = – cot A
cot C + cot B [HSEB 2068 Q.N. 7(a)]
or, cot B cot C – 1 = –cot C cot A – cot A cot B Solution:
or, cot A cot B + cot B cot C + cot C cot A = 1 See answer of Q.N. 15.
 xy + yz + zx = 1 24. If cos–1 x + cos–1 y + cos–1 z = , show that: x2 + y2 + z2 + 2xyz = 1
[HSEB 2069 Set 'A' Q.N. 7(a)]
1 2x Solution:
21. Show that tan–1x = sin–1 [HSEB 2067 Q.N. 2(a)]
We have, cos–1 x + cos–1 y + cos–1 z = 
2 1 + x2
Solution: or, cos–1 x + cos–1 y = –cos–1 z
1 2x or, cos–1 [xy  (1 – x2) (1 – y2) ] = –cos–1 z
We have, tan–1x = sin–1
2 1 + x2 or, xy  (1 – x2) (1 – y2) = cos (–cos–1 z)
Let tan–1x = A, then x = tanA or, xy  (1 – x2) (1 – y2) = – cos (cos–1 z)
We know that, or, xy  (1 – x2) (1 – y2) = –z
2 tanA 2x
sin 2A = = or,  (1 – x2) (1 – y2) = – xy – z
1 + tan2A 1 + x2
Squaring both sides, we get
2x (1 – x2) (1 – y2) = (–xy – z)2
or, 2A = sin–1
1 + x2 or, 1 – x2 – y2 + x2y2 = x2y2 + z2 + 2xyz
1 2x  x2 + y2 + z2 + 2xyz = 1
or, A = sin–1
2 1 + x2
1 2x 25. If sin–1x + sin–1y + sin–1z =  show that:
tan–1x = sin–1 x 1 – x2 + y 1 – y2 + z 1 – z2 = 2xyz
2 1 + x2 [HSEB 2069 Set 'B' Q.N. 7(a)]
Solution:
22. If sin–1x + sin–1y + sin–1z = , prove that: See answer of Q.N. 22.
x 1 – x2 + y 1 – y2 + z 1 – z2 = 2xyz [HSEB 2067 Q.N. 8(a)]

Solution: 26. If tan–1x + tan–1y + tan–1z = prove that: xy + yz + zx = 1.
2
We have, [HSEB 2069 Q.N. 7(a) Supp.]
sin–1x + sin–1y + sin–1z =  Solution:
Let sin–1x = A, then x = sinA 
sin–1y = B, then y = sinB We have, tan–1x + tan–1y + tan–1z =
2
sin–1z = C, then z = sinC Let tan–1x = A, then x = tanA
L.H.S. = x 1 – x2 + y 1 – y 2 + z 1 – z 2 tan–1y = B, then y = tanB
tan–1z = C, then z = tanC
= sinA 1 – sin2A + sinB 1 – sin2B + sinC 1 – sin2C

= sinA cosA + sinB cosB + sinC cosC Since, tan–1x + tan–1y + tan–1z =
2
1
= (2sinA cosA + 2sinB cosB + 2sinC cosC) 
2 or, A+B+C=
2
1
= (sin 2A + sin 2B + sin 2C) 
2 or, A+B= –C
2
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
tan(A + B) = tan  – C
1 1
32. Prove that: tan–11 + tan–12 + tan–13 =  = 2(tan–11 + tan–1 + tan–1 ).
or,
2  2 3
tanA + tanB 1 [2072 Set D Q.No. 7 (a)]
or, = cot C =
1 – tanA. tanB tanC Solution:
x+y 1 See answer of Q.No. 15.
or, =
1 – xy z
33. Prove that: cos (sin–1x + cos–1y) = y 1 – x2 – x 1 – y2 .
or, xz + yz = 1 – xy [2072 Set E Q.N. 7(a)]
 xy + yz + zx = 1 Solution:
a–b b–c LHS : cos (sin–1x + cos–1y)
27. Prove that: tan–1a – tan–1c = tan–1 + tan–1 Let sin–1x = A and cos–1y = B, then
1 + ab 1 + bc
[HSEB 2070 'C' Q.N. 2(a)] x = sin A and y = cosB
Solution: We have,
We have, tan–1a – tan–1c cosA = 1 – sin2A and sinB = 1 – cos2B
= (tan–1a – tan–1b) + (tan-1b – tan–1c) = 1 – x2 and sinB = 1 – y2
a–b b–c Now,
= tan–1 + tan–1
1 + ab 1 + bc cos(sin–1x + cos–1y) = cos(A + B) = cosA cosB – sinA sinB
28. Prove that: cos(sin–1u + cos–1v) = v 1 – u2 – u 1 – v2 = 1 – x2 . y – x 1 – y2
[HSEB 2070 'D' Q.N. 2(a)]  cos (sin–1x + cos–1y) = y 1 – x2 – x 1 – y2
Solution:
We have 34. Prove that: sin (2 sin–1 x) = 2x 1 – x2 [HSEB 2073 Q.N. 7(a) OR]
Solution:
cos(sin–1u + cos–1v) = v 1 – u2 – u 1 – v2
Let sin–1x =  then sin  = x
Let sin–1u = A and cos–1v = B
Then, u = sinA and v = cosB LHS = sin (2 sin–1x) = sin 2
cos (sin–1u + cos–1v) = cos(A + B) = 2 sin . cos 
= cosA cosB – sinA sinB = 2 sin  1 – sin2
= 1 – sin2A . cosB – sinA 1 – cos2B = 2x 1 – x2
= 1 – u2 . v – u 1 – v 2 = RHS
 cos (sin u + cos v) = v 1 – u2 – u 1 – v2
–1 –1
35. Prove: 3 cos–1x = cos–1 (4x3 – 3x) [HSEB 2073 Q.N. 2(a)]
Solution:

29. If tan–1x + tan–1y + tan–1z = , show that xy + yz + zx = 1. We have to prove
2
[HSEB 2071 Set C Q.N. 7 (a)] 3 cos–1x = cos–1 (4x3
Solution: – 3x)
See answer of Q.N. 26. Now, cos–1 (4x3 – 3x)
30. If tan–1 x + tan–1y + tan–1z =  then show that x + y + z = xyz = cos–1 (4cos3 – 3 cos) [ put x = cos]
[HSEB 2071 Set D Q.N. 7(a)] = cos–1 (cos3 ) [ cos3 = 4cos3 – 3cos]
Solution: = 3
See answer of Q.N. 12. = 3 cos–1x [∵ x = cos  cos–1x = ]
31. Prove that: sin (2 sin–1x) = 2x 1 – x2 . [2072 Set C Q.N. 2(a)] Hence proved.
Solution:
sin (2 sin–1x) 36. Prove that sin (2sin–1x) = 2x 1 – x2 . [NEB 2074 (set A) Q.N. 2(a)]
Solution:
Put sin–1x = , then x = sin L.H.S = sin (2sin–1x)
now, sin (2sin–1x) = sin 2= 2sin cos = 2x 1 – sin2  = 2x 1 – x2 Put sin–1x = y  x = siny
 Complete HSEB Solution of Mathematics Grade-11 / 77 78/Trigonometry
Then, 2. Solve: 2sin 3x – 2 sin x + 5 cos 2x = 0 [HSEB 2057 Q.N. 8(a)]
L.H.S = sin2y Solution:
= 2sin y cos y We have,
= 2sin y 1 – sin2y 2 sin 3x – 2 sinx + 5 cos 2x = 0
= 2x 1 – x2 or, 2 (3 sinx – 4 sin3x) – 2 sinx + 5 (1 – 2 sin2x) = 0
= R.H.S. [ sin 3x = 3 sinx – 4 sin3x]
or, 6 sin x – 8 sin3x – 2 sinx + 5 – 10 sin2x = 0
 or, – 8 sin3x – 10 sin2x + 4 sinx + 5 = 0
37. If cos–1x + cos–1y = , prove that x2 + y2 = 1. [NEB 2074 (set B) Q.N. 2(a)]
2 or, 8 sin3x + 10 sin2x – 4 sinx – 5 = 0
Solution: or, 2 sin2x (4 sinx + 5) – 1 (4 sinx + 5) = 0
We have, or, (4 sinx + 5) (2 sin2x – 1) = 0
 Either, 4 sinx + 5 = 0, or 2 sin2x – 1 = 0
cos–1x + cos–1y =
2 5 1
 or, sinx = – , or sinx = 
or, cos–1x = – cos–1y 4 2
2
5
 Since, sinx = – does not have any solutions the required solution is
or, cos (cos–1x) = cos  – cos–1y 4
2  [∵ taking cos on both sides]
given by
or, x = sin (cos–1y) [∵ cos (90 – ) = sin ]
1
or, x = sin [sin–1 1 – y2 ) [∵ cos–1x = sin–1 1 – x2 ] sin x = 
2
or, x = 1 – y2 
or, sin x = sin  
Squaring gives  4
x2 = 1 – y2

or, x2 + y2 = 1  x = n 
4
4.2 General Values 3. Solve: tan2x = sec x + 1 [HSEB 2058 Q.N. 8(a)OR]
Solution:
1. Solve: sin x + 3 cos x = 2 [HSEB 2056 Q.N. 8(a) OR] We have, tan2x = secx + 1
Solution: or, (sec2 x – 1) – (sec x + 1) = 0
We have, sin x + 3 cos x = 2 or, (sec x – 1) (sec x + 1) – (sec x + 1) = 0
or, (sec x + 1) (sec x – 1 – 1) = 0
Dividing both sides by (Coeff. of sinx)2 + (Coeff of cosx)2
or (sec x + 1) (sec x – 2) = 0
= (1)2 + ( 3)2 = 1 + 3 = 2, we get Either, sec x + 1 = 0
1 3 2 1
sin x + cos x = or, +1=0
2 2 2 cos x
  1 or, cos x + 1 = 0
or, sin x sin + cos x cos =
6 6 or, cos x = –1 = cos 
2
 x = 2n  
 
or, cos x –  = cos = (2n  1)
 6 4 or, sec x – 2 = 0
  1
or, x – = 2n  [ using cosx = cos  x = 2n  ] or, –2=0
6 4 cos x
  or, 1 – 2 cosx = 0
 x = 2n  +
4 6 or, 2cos x = 1
 Complete HSEB Solution of Mathematics Grade-11 / 79 80/Trigonometry
1  or, 2 cos 2x. cos x + cos 2x = 0
or, cos x = = cos or, cos 2x (2 cos x + 1) = 0
2 3
 Either cos 2x = 0
 x = 2n   
3
 2x = (2n + 1)
 2
Hence, x = (2n  1), 2n  
  x = (2n + 1)
4
4. Solve: cot x + tan x = 2 [HSEB 2059 Q.N. 8(a)OR]
or, 2 cos x + 1 = 0
Solution: –1
We have, or, cos x =
2
cot x + tan x = 2
1 2
or, + tan x = 2 or, cos x = cos
tan x 3
or, 1 + tan2x = 2 tan x 2 
 x = 2n = (6n  2)
or, 1 – 2 tan x + tan2x = 0 3 3
or, (tan x – 1)2 = 0  
or, tan x = 1 Hence, the general solution are x = (2n + 1) and x = (6n  2)
4 3

or, tan x = tan 3 x
4 7. Solve: cos 3x + cos 2x = sin x + sin , 0 ≤ x ≤ . [HSEB 2062 Q.N. 8(a)]
 2 2
 x = n + , for any integer n. Solution:
4
3 x
5. Solve for general values of x : 7 sin2 x + 3 cos2x = 4. We have, cos 3x + cos 2x = sin x + sin
2 2
[HSEB 2060 Q.N. 8(a)OR] 3 x 3 x
Solution: x+ x–
3x + 2x 3x – 2x 2 2 2 2
We have or, 2 cos cos = 2 sin cos
2 2 2 2
7 sin2x + 3 cos2x = 4
5x x x
or, 7 sin2x + 3 (1 – sin2x) = 4 or, cos cos = sin x cos
or, 7 sin2x + 3 – 3 sin2x = 4 2 2 2
or, 4 sin2x = 4 – 3 5x x x
or, cos cos – sin x cos = 0
1 2 2 2
or, sin2x =
or, cos cos – sin x = 0
4 x 5x
1 2 2
or, sin x =  x
2 Either, cos = 0 . . . . (i)
 2
or, sin x =  sin x 
6 or, = (2n + 1)
 2 2
or, sin x = sin  
 6  x = (2n + 1) 
 For n = 0, x =   [0, ]
 x = n  5x
6 or, cos – sin x = 0
2
6. Solve for general values of x : cos x + cos 2x + cos 3x = 0 5x
[HSEB 2061 Q.N. 8(a)OR] or, cos = sin x
2
Solution: 
or, cos = cos  – x
5x
We have,
(cos 3x + cos x) + cos 2x = 0
2 2 

= 2n   – x . . . . (ii)
3x – x 5x
3x + x 
or, 2 cos
2
. cos
2
+ cos 2x = 0 2 2 
 Complete HSEB Solution of Mathematics Grade-11 / 81 82/Trigonometry
Taking positive sign in (ii), we get  4n +  
5x   x = n + = = (4n + 1)
4 4 4
= 2n + – x
2 2 When, sin 2x = 1
5   
or,
2
x + x = 2n +
2 Then, 2x = (4n + 1)
2 [
By formula sin = 1   = (4n + 1)
2 ]
7x  
or,
2
= 2n +
2  x = (4n + 1)
4
or, 7x = 4n +  
4n +  Hence, the required general value of x is (4n + 1) .
4
 x =
7
 10. Find the general values of x when cos x + sin x = cos 2x + sin 2x
For n = 0, x =  [0, ] [HSEB 2064 Q.N. 8(a)]
7
Solution:
5
For n = 1, x =  [0, ] We have
7 cos x + sin x = cos 2x + sin 2x
Taking negative sign in (2), we get or, (cos x – cos 2x) + (sin x – sin 2x) = 0
5x  x + 2x 2x – x x + 2x x – 2x
= 2n – + x or, 2 sin sin + 2 cos . sin =0
2 2 2 2 2 2
5x 4n –  3x x 3x x
or, –x= or, 2 sin sin – 2 cos sin = 0
2 2 2 2 2 2
or, 3x = 4n – 
or, 2 sin sin – cos  = 0
x 3x 3x
4n –  2 2 2
 x =
3 x
 Either, sin = 0
2
For n = 0, x = –  [0, ]
3 x
For n = 1, x =  [0, ] or, = n
2
 5   x = 2n
Hence values of x in the internal [0, ] are , ,
7 7 3x 3x
or, sin – cos = 0
2 2
8. Solve: tan2x = sec x + 1 [HSEB 2062 Q.N. 8(a) OR]
3x 3x
Solution: or, sin = cos
See answer of Q.N. 3 2 2
3x
9. Find the general values of x, when sin2x tan x + 1 = sin 2x + tan x or, tan =1
2
[HSEB 2063 Q.N. 8(a)] 3x 
Solution: or, tan = tan
2 4
We have 3x 
sin 2x tan x + 1 = sin 2x + tan x or, = n +
2 4
or, sin 2x tan x + 1 – sin 2x – tan x = 0

or, sin 2x tan x – sin 2x – tan x + 1 = 0 or, 3x = 2n +
2
or, sin 2x (tan x – 1) – 1 (tan x – 1) = 0
2n  4n + 
or, (tan x – 1) (sin 2x – 1) = 0 or, x = + =
3 6 6
Either, tan x – 1 = 0 or sin 2x – 1 = 0

or, tan x = 1 or sin 2x = 1  x = (4n + 1)
When, tan x = 1 6
 
 tan x = tan Hence, the required general values are 2n, (4n + 1)
4 6
 Complete HSEB Solution of Mathematics Grade-11 / 83 84/Trigonometry
11. If sin 2x = 3 sin 2y, prove that: 2 tan(x – y) = tan (x + y) or, sin 2 = cos 2 . . . . (i)
[HSEB 2064 Q.N. 8(a)OR] or, tan 2 = 1. [ Dividing both sides by cos 2, we get]
Solution: 
sin 2x 3 or, tan 2 = tan
If sin 2x = 3 sin 2y, then = 4
sin 2y 1

By componendo and dividend, we have or, 2 = n +
4
sin 2x + sin 2y 3 + 1
= 4n + 
sin 2x – sin 2y 3 – 1 or, 2 =
4
2x + 2y 2x – 2y
2 sin cos 
2 2 4   = (4n + 1)
or, = 8
2x + 2y 2x – 2y 2
2 cos sin  
2 2 Hence, the required solutions are (6n  2) , (4n + 1)
3 8
sin (x + y) cos (x – y)
or, =2
cos (x + y) sin (x – y) 13. Solve for general values of  : tan ( + ). tan (– ) = 1.
or, tan (x +y) cot (x – y) = 2 [HSEB 2066 Q.N. 8(a)OR]
2 Solution:
or, tan (x + y) =
cot (x – y) We have
 tan (x + y) = 2 tan (x – y) tan ( + ). tan ( – ) = 1
sin ( + ) sin ( – )
12. Solve: sin  + sin 2 + sin 3 = cos  + cos 2 + cos 3 or, . =1
cos ( + ) cos ( – )
    [HSEB 2065 Q.N. 8(a)OR]
Solution: or, sin ( + ) sin ( – ) = cos ( + ) cos ( – )
We have or, cos ( + ) cos ( – ) – sin ( + ) sin ( – ) = 0
sin  + sin 2 + sin 3 = cos  + cos 2 + cos 3 or, cos ( +  +  – ) = 0
or, (sin 3 + sin) + sin 2 = (cos 3 + cos) + cos2 or, cos 2 = 0
3 +  3 –  3 +  3 –   
or, 2sin
2
.cos
2
+sin2 = 2 cos
2
. cos
2
+ cos2 or, 2 = 2n 
2 [
 If cos x = 0 then x = 2n 
2 ]
or, 2 sin 2 cos  + sin 2 = 2 cos 2. cos  + cos 2 
  = n 
or, sin 2 (2 cos + 1) = cos 2 (2 cos  + 1) 4
or, sin 2 (2 cos + 1) – cos 2 (2 cos + 1) = 0 14. Solve for general values of x : 2 sin2x + sin2 2x = 2
or, (2 cos  + 1) (sin 2 – cos 2) = 0 [HSEB 2067 Q.N. 8(a)OR]
Either 2 cos  + 1 = 0 Solution:
1 We have,
or, cos  = –
2 2 sin2x + sin22x = 2
2 or, 2 sin2x + (2 sin x cos x)2 = 2
or, cos  = cos
3 or, 2 sin2x + 4 sin2x cos2x – 2 = 0
2 or, 2 sin2x + 4 sin2x (1 – sin2x) – 2 = 0
 = 2n 
3 or, 2 sin2x + 4 sin2x – 4 sin4x – 2 = 0
6n ± 2 or, 6 sin2x – 4 sin4x – 2 = 0
=
3
or, 4 sin4x – 6 sin2x + 2 = 0

  = (6n  2) or, 4 sin4x – 4 sin2x – 2 sin2x + 2 = 0
3
or, 4 sin2x (sin2x – 1) – 2 (sin2x – 1) = 0
or, sin 2 – cos 2 = 0
 Complete HSEB Solution of Mathematics Grade-11 / 85 86/Trigonometry
or, (4 sin x – 2) (sin x – 1) = 0
2 2

= +
Either 4sin2x = 2 or, sin2 x = 1 4
1 5
or, sin2x = or, sin x =  1 = >
2 4
1  5
or, sin x = ± If sin x = 1 = sin x =  [0, ]
2 2 4
  
or, sinx = ± sin x = n + (– 1)n , n Z Hence, the required values of x is
4
.
4 2
 
or, x = n + (–1)n ±  If sin x = – 1 = sin –  16. Solve: sin x – cos x = 2 [HSEB 2069 Set 'A' Q.N. 2(a)]
 4  2 Solution:
 
 x = n ± (–1)n x = n + (– 1)n , n  Z We have, sin x – cos x = 2
4 2 Dividing both sides by
15. Solve: cot x + tan x = 2(0 ≤ x ≤ ) [HSEB 2068 Q.N. 2(a)] (coefficient of sin x)2 + (coefficiet of cos x)2 = 1 + 1 = 2
Solution: 1 1
sinx – cos x = 2  sin x – cos x = 1
We have 2 2
cot x + tan x = 2  
cos x sin x or, sin x cos – cos x sin = 1
or, + =2 4 4
sin x cos x  
or, sin x –  = sin
or,
cos2x + sin2x
=2  4 2
sin x cos x  
1 or, x – = n + (–1)n
or, =2 4 2
sin x cos x  
or, 2sin x cos x = 1 or, x = + n + (–1)n
4 2
  
or, sin 2x = sin x = (4n + 1) + (–1)n
2  2

 2x = n + (–1)n 17. Solve: tan 2x = tan x (– ≤ x ≤ ) [HSEB 2069 Set 'B' Q.N. 2(a)]
2
n  Solution:
 x = + (–1)n We have , tan 2x = tan x (–  ≤ x ≤ )
2 4
When, n = 0, then or, 2x = n + x
  or, x = n
x = 0 + (–1)°. =  [0, ] when n = 0, then
4 4
When , n = 1, then x = 0  [– , ]
when n = –1, then
 
x = + (–1)'
2 4 x = – [– , ]
when n = 1, then
 
= – x =  [– , ]
2 4
Hence, the required value of x are 0, – , .

=  [0, ] 18. Solve: 2cos2 x + 4sin2 x = 3
4 [HSEB 2069 Q.N. 2(a)Supp.]
When n = 2, then Solution:
2  We have,
x= + (–1)2 2cos2 x + 4sin2 x = 3
2 4
or, 2(1 – sin2 x) + 4 sin2 x = 3
 Complete HSEB Solution of Mathematics Grade-11 / 87 88/Trigonometry
or, 2 – 2 sin x + 4sin x – 3 = 0
2 2
 7
or, 2 sin2 x – 1 = 0 x = –2 + = –  [– 2, 2]
4 4
1 When n = –2, then
or, sin2 x =
2  –15
1 x = – 4 + = < –2
4 4
or, sin x = 
2 15
x=–  [– 2, 2]
 
sin x =  sin  
or,
4  7
The required solutions are x =  –

sin x = sin  
4 4
or,
 4
1
 Solve: sin2 – 2cos +
x = n + (– 1)n  
20. = 0. [HSEB 2070 'D' Q.N. 7(a)]
4
or,
 4 Solution:

 x = n  (– 1)n   1
4 We have, sin2 – 2cos + = 0
4
19. Solve: sin x + cos x = 2 (–2 ≤ x ≤ 2) [HSEB 2070 'C' Q.N. 7(a)] or, 4sin2 – 8cos + 1 = 0
Solution: or, 4(1 – cos2) – 8cos + 1 = 0
We have, sin x + cos x = 2 [–2 ≤ x ≤ 2] or, 4 – 4 cos2 – 8cos + 1 = 0
Dividing both sides by or, –4 cos2 – 8cos + 5 = 0
= (coefficient of sin x)2 + (coefficient of cos x)2 or, 4cos2 + 8cos – 5 = 0
or, 4cos2 + 10cos – 2cos – 5 = 0
= 1+1
or, 2cos (2cos + 5) –1(2 cos+ 5) = 0
= 2
or, (2cos – 1) (2 cos
1 1
Then, sin x + cos x = 2  sin x + cos x = 1  Either, 2cos – 1 = 0
2 2
or, 2 cos = 1
  1
or, sin sin x + cos cos x = 1 or, cos =
4 4 2

or, cos x –  = 1 
 4 or, cos = cos
6

or, cos x –  = cos 0 
 4   = 2n 
6

or, x – = 2n   0 = 2n or, 2cos + 5 = 0
4 or, 2cos = –5
 5
 x = 2n + or, cos = – which is not possible.
4 2
When n= 0, then 
    = 2n 
6
x = 0 + =  [– 2, 2]
4 4
21. Solve for x : tan 2x = tan x [HSEB 2071 Set C Q.N. 2(a)]
When n = 1, then
Solution:
 9
x = 2 + = > 2 We have
4 4 tan 2x = tan x
9 [tan = tan   = n + 
 x =  [– 2, 2] or, 2x = n + x
4  x = n
When n = –1, then
 Complete HSEB Solution of Mathematics Grade-11 / 89 90/Trigonometry

22. Solve: 3 sinx – cosx = 3 for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2. [HSEB 2071 Set D Q.N. 2(a)] or, 2 sinx = 1
Solution: 1 
We have, or, sinx = = sin
2 4
3 sinx – cosx = 3 
 x = n + (–1)n
Dividing both sides by ( 3)2 + (–1)2 = 3 + 1 = 2 4
Then,
24. Solve: tan ax = cot bx. [2072 Set E Q.N. 2(a)]
3 1 3
sinx – cosx = Solution:
2 2 2
We have,
  
or, cos sinx – sin cosx = sin tan ax = cot bx
6 6 3

  or, tan ax = tan  – bx
or, sin x –  = sin 2 
 6 3

 n  or, ax = n +  – bx
or, x – = n + (–1) + [ sin = sin   = n + (–1)n] 2 
6 3 6

  or, (a + b)x = n +
x = n + (–1)n + 2
3 6
(2n + 1)
  3  x=
When, n = 0, x = + = =  [0, 2] 2(a + b)
3 6 6 2
  5 25. Solve: sin 3x + cos 3x = 0 [2072 Set E Q.N. 2(a)]
When, n = 1, x =  – + =  [0, 2]
3 6 6 Solution:
  5 We have,
When, n = 2, x = 2 + + =  [0, 2]
3 6 2 sin 3x + cos 3x = 0
 5  or, sin 3x = – cos 3x
Hence required solution are  and or, tan 3x = – 1
2 6 2
3
23. Solve: sec x . tanx = 2 . [2072 Set C Q.N. 7(a)] or, tan 3x = tan

Solution:
3
We have, 3x = x+
4
sec x.tanx = 2
1 sinx 
= (4n + 3)
or, . = 2 4
cosx cosx

or, sinx = 2 cos2 x  x = (4n + 3)
12
or, 2 (1 – sin2x) – sinx = 0
 
or, 2 – 2 sin2x – sin x = 0 cot2x + cosec2x = 3 – <x< 
or, 2 sin2x + sinx – 2 = 0
26.
 2 2
[HSEB 2073 Q.N. 2(a)]
Solution:
or, 2 sin2x + 2sinx – sinx – 2 = 0 We have, cot2x + cosec2x = 3
or, 2 sinx (sinx + 2) – 1(sinx + 2) = 0 or, cot2x + 1 + cot2x = 3
or, 2 cot2x + 1 = 3
or, (sinx + 2) ( 2 sinx – 1) = 0
or, 2 cot2x = 2
Either, or, cot2x = 1
sinx + 2 = 0 or, cot x = 1
 sinx = – 2 (which is not possible) Taking +ve sign, we get
cot x = 1
or, 2 sinx – 1 = 0
 Complete HSEB Solution of Mathematics Grade-11 / 91 92/Trigonometry
 or, 2 tan2x = 2 (1 – tan2x)
or, cot x = cot
4 or, tan2x = 1 – tan2x
 or, 2 tan2x = = 1
 x = n +
4 1
    or, tanx = 
For n = 0, x =  –  2
4  2 2
or, tanx = tan tan–1   
 1 
Again taking –ve sign, we get
cot x = – 1   2 
  x = n + tan–1 
1
or, cot x = cot – 
 4  2

or, cot x = cot  –  Hence, the general solution are x = 3 and x = n + tan–1  .
n 1
 4  2
3
or, cot x = cot 28. Solve: secx. tanx = 2
4 [NEB 2074 (set A) Q.N. 7(a) OR]
3 Solution:
 x = n + See answer of Q.N.23.
4
For n = 0 29. Solve the general values of x: cos3x – cos x sin x – sin3x = 1.
3    [NEB 2074 (set B) Q.N. 7(a)]
 – 
4  2 2
x=
Solution:
  
Hence, values of x in the interval –   are and .
3 We have, cos3x – cos x sin x – sin3x = 1.
 2 2 4 4 or, cos3x – sin3x – cos x sin x – 1 = 0
or, (cos x – sin x) (cos2x + cos x sin x + sin2x) – 1 (cos x sin x + 1) = 0
27. Solve: tanx + tan2x + tan3x = 0 [HSEB 2073 Q.N. 7(a)] [∵ a3 – b3 = (a – b) (a2 + ab + b2)]
Solution: or, (cos x – sin x) (1 + cos x sin x) – 1 (1 + cos x sin x) = 0
We have, tanx + tan2x + tan3x = 0 or, (1 + cos x sin x) (cos x – sin x – 1) = 0
or, (tanx + tan2x) + tan (x + 2x) = 0 Either, 1 + cos x sin x = 0
tanx + tan2x 1
or, (tanx + tan2x) + =0 or, 1 + (2 sin x cos x) = 0
1 – tanx tan2x 2
 1  1
or, (tanx + tan2x) 1 + =0 or, 1 + sin 2x = 0
 1 – tanx tan2x 2
Either, tanx + tan2x = 0 1
or, 2 sin 2x = –1
or, tanx = –tan2x 2
or, sin 2x = – 2 (Impossible)
or, tanx = tan(–2x)
or, cos x – sin x – 1 = 0
or, x = n – 2x [∵ tan x = tan  x = n + ] 1 1 1
or, 3x = n or, cos x – sin x =
2 2 2
n
 x= 3   1
or, cos cos x– sin sin x =
4 4 2
1
 
or, cos x +  = cos
or, 1 + =0
1 – tanx tan2x
 4 4
or, 1 – tanx tan 2x + 1 = 0
 
or, tanx tan 2x = 2 or, x + = 2x 
4 4
= 2 ∵ tan2x =
2tanx 2tanx 
 
or, x = 2x   –
or, tanx
1 – tan2x  1 – tan2x 
 4 4
 Complete HSEB Solution of Mathematics Grade-11 / 93 94/Trigonometry

4.3 Properties of a Triangle A 2s (a + b + c – 2a)

or, 2 cos2 = [ a + b + c = 2s]
2 2bc
1. If a4 + b4 + c4 = 2c2 (a2 + b2) prove that C = 45° or 135° A 2s (2s – 2a)
or, 2 cos2 =
[HSEB 2056 Q.N. 8] 2 2bc
Solution: 2
A 4s (s – a)
or, cos =
We have , a4 + b4 + c4 = 2c2 (a2 + b2) 2 4bc
or, (a2)2 + (b2)2 + (c2)2 = 2c2 (a2 + b2) A s (s – a)
or, (a2 + b2)2 – 2a2b2 + (c2)2 = 2 (a2 + b2) c2  cos = = RHS. [ Taking positive sign only because
2 bc
or, (a2 + b2)2 – 2 (a2 + b2) c2 + (c2)2 = 2a2b2 A 
or, (a2 + b2 – c2)2 = 2a2b2 ( 0 < < )]
2 2
(a2 + b2 – c2)2
or, =1 a b c
2a2b2 3. In any ABC prove that: = = [HSEB 2058 Q.N. 8]
Sin A Sin B Sin C
a +b –c 1 2 2
or, 
2 2

 2ab  = 2 Solution:
Let ABC be a triangle. Since the sum of three angles of a triangle is 180°,
1 a2 + b2 – c2
or, cos2C =
2 [ cos C =
2ab ] at least one angle, say B, must always be acute, then another angle, say C
may be either acute, or obtuse, or a right angle as shown in fig (i) or fig
1
or, cos C =  (ii) or fig (iii) respectively.
2 A A A
Taking +ve sign, we get
1
cos C = , then C = 45°
2
Taking –ve sign, we get
1
cos C = – , then C = 135° B D C B C D B C=D
2 Figure (i) Figure (ii) Figure (iii)
 C = 45° or C = 135° Draw AD perpendicular to BC, produced if necessary.
In figure (i),
A s(s – a) AD
2. Prove that: cos
2
=
bc
[HSEB 2057 Q.N. 1] = sin B  AD = AB sin B = c sin B
AB
Solution: AD
In any triangle ABC, by cosine formula, Also, = sin C  AD = AC sin C = b sin C
AC
b2 + c2 – a2 In figure (ii),
cos A =
2bc AD
A b2 + c2 – a2 = sin B  AD = AB sin C = c sin B
or, 2 cos2 – 1 = AB
2 2bc AD
A b 2
+ c2 – a2 Also, = sin (180° – C) = sin C  AD = AC sin C = b sin C
or, 2 cos2 = 1 + AC
2 2bc In figure (iii),
A 2bc + b 2
+ c 2 – a2 AD
or, 2 cos2 = = sin B  AD = AB sin B = c sin B
2 2bc AB
A (b 2
+ 2bc + c2) – a2 AD
or, 2 cos2 = Also, = 1 = sin 90° = sin C  AD = AC sin C = b sin C
2 2bc AC
2
A (b + c)2 – a2 In all the three cases,
or, 2 cos =
2 2bc b c
A (b + c + a) (b + c – a) AD = c sin B = b sin C  = . . . . (i)
or, 2 cos =2 sin B sin C
2 2bc
 Complete HSEB Solution of Mathematics Grade-11 / 95 96/Trigonometry
c a a b c
Similarly, we can prove that = . . . . (ii) = + +
sin C sin A 2R 2R 2R
From (i) and (ii), it follows that a + b + c 2S S
a b c = = = = RHS
2R 2R R
= =
sin A sin B sin C
6. Prove that, in any triangle ABC,
1 b–c A b2 – c2 c2 – a2 a2 – b2
4. In any triangle ABC prove: tan (B – C) = cot a 2 . sin 2A +
b 2 . sin 2B +
c2
. sin 2C = 0
2 b+c 2
[HSEB 2059 Q.N. 8] [HSEB 2060 Q.N. 8]
Solution: Solution:
From the sine law, we have By sine law, we have
a = 2R sin A, b = 2R sin B, c = 2R sin C a b c
= = = 2R
b–c A sin A sin B sin C
Now, RHS = cot a b c
b+c 2
 sin A =  sin B =  sin C =
2R sin B – 2R sin C A 2R 2R 2R
= × cot By cosine law, we have
2R sin B + 2R sin C 2
sin B – sin C A b2 + c2 – a2 c2 + a2 – b2 a2 + b2 – c 2
= cot cos A =  cos B =  cos C =
sin B + sin C 2 2bc 2ca 2ab
B – C  b2 – c 2 c2– a2 a2–b2
2 cos   B + C
. sin  LHS = 2 sin A cos A+ 2 2 sin B cos B+ 2 2 sin C. cos C
2  2 
cos a2 b c
2
=
B – C
× b –c
2 2
a b2 + c2 – a2 c2 – a2 b
2 sin 
B + C
. cos 
A = 2. . + . 2.
2  2 
sin a2 2R 2bc b2 2R
2
– c2 + a2 – b2 a2 – b2 c a2 + b2 – c 2
sin . sin   cos
A B C A + 2. .
2 2  2 2ac c2 2R 2ab
= × (b –c ) (b +c –a ) (c –a ) (c +a2–b2) (a2–b2) (a2+b2–c2)
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
–
cos cos   sin A
A B C = + +
2 
2abcR 2abcR 2abcR
2 2
b – c – a b + a c + c – a – b c + a b + a4 – b4 – a2c2 + b2c2
4 4 2 2 2 2 4 4 2 2 2 2

cos
 (B +2 C) = cos (2 – A2) = sin A2 =
0
2abcR
 sin
 (B +2 C) = sin (2 – A2) = cos A2  =
2abcR
= 0 = R.H.S

B – C
sin 
sin A
2  B – C
7. In any triangle ABC, if cos B = show that the triangle is
= tan 
1 2sin C
=  = tan (B – C) = LHS
–
cos  
B C 2 2 isosceles. [HSEB 2061 Q.N. 1]
2  Solution:
sin A
S We have, cos B =
5. In any triangle ABC, prove that sin A + sin B + sin C = 2 sin C
R or, 2 cos B sin C = sin A
[HSEB 2060 Q.N. 1]
or, 2 cos B sin C = sin ( – (B + C))
Solution: or, 2 cos B sin C = sin (B + C)
We know that, or, 2 cos B sin C = sin B cos C + cos B sin C
a b c
= = = 2R or, sin B cos C – cos B. sin C = 0
sin A sin B sin C or, sin (B – C) = 0 = sin 0
a b c or, B – C = 0
 sin A =  sin B =  sin C =
2R 2R 2R or, B = C
Now, LHS = sin A + sin B + sin C  ABC is an isosceles triangle.
 Complete HSEB Solution of Mathematics Grade-11 / 97 98/Trigonometry
8. In any triangle ABC, prove that 10. In a ABC, prove that:
a2 sin (B – C) b2 sin(C – A) c2 sin(A – B) (a + b) cos A + (c + a) cos B + (a + b) cos C = a + b + c
+ + =0 [HSEB 2061 Q.N. 8]
sin B + sin C sin C + sin A sin A + sin B [HSEB 2063 Q.N. 1]
Solution: Solution:
We know that, a = 2R sin A, b = 2R sin B and c = 2R sin C LHS = (b + c) cos A + (c + a) cos B + (a + b) cos C
a2 sin (B – C) = b cos A + c cos A + c cos B + a cos B + a cos C + b cos C
Now,
sin B + sin C = (b cos C + c cos B) + (a cos C + c cos A) + (a cos B + b cos A)
a 2R sin A sin (B – C) =a+b+c
=
sin B + sin C
a 2R sin (B + C). sin (B – C) c – b cos A cos B
11. In a ABC, prove that = [HSEB 2064 Q.N. 1]
=
sin B + sin C
[ sin A = sin ( – (B+C) = sin (B+C)] b – c cos A cos C
2R. a. (sin B – sin C)
2 2 Solution:
=
sin B + sin C
[ sin (B + C) sin (B – C) = sin2B – sin2C] c – b cos A
LHS =
= 2Ra (sin B – sin C) b – c cos A
=
=
a (2R sin B – 2R sin C)
a (b – c) = ab – ac . . . . (i)
=
a cos B
a cos C [ By projection law a cos B + b cos A = c
a cos C + c cos A = b ]
Similarly, we have cos B
= = RHS
b2 sin (C – A) cos C
= bc – ba . . . . (ii)
sin C + sin A
12. In any triangle, prove that:
c2 sin (A – B)
and = ca – cb . . . . (iii) a cos A + b cos B + c cos C = 4 R sin A sin B sin C [HSEB 2064 Q.N. 8]
sin A + sin B
Solution:
Now, adding (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
LHS = a cos A + b cos B + c cos C
a2 sin (B – C) b2 sin (C – A) c2 sin (A – B)
LHS = + + = 2R sin A cos A + 2R sin B cos B + 2R sin C cos C
sin B + sin C sin C + sin A sin A + sin B
= R (sin 2A + sin 2B + sin 2C)
= ab – ac + bc – ab + ca – bc
2A – 2B
= R 2 sin + 2 sin C cos C
2A + 2B
= 0 = RHS. cos
2 2
cos B – cos C c – b = 2R [sin (A + B) cos (A – B) + sin C cos C]
9. In any ABC, prove that: = [HSEB 2062 Q.N. 8]
cos A + 1 a = 2R [sin C cos (A – B) + sin C cos C]
Solution: [ sin (A + B) = sin ( – C) = sin C]
c2 + a2 – b2 a2 + b2 – c2
– = 2R sin C [cos (A – B) + cos C]
cos B – cos C 2ca 2ab = 2R sin C [cos (A – B) – cos (A + B)]
LHS = =
cos A + 1 b + c – a2
2 2
[ cos C = cos ( – (A + B)) = – cos (A + B)]
+1
2bc A–B+A+B A+B–A+B
bc + a b – b – a c – b c + c
2 2 3 2 2 3 = 2R sin C 2sin
2
sin
2
2abc = 4R sin A sin B sin C = RHS
=
b2 + c2 – a2 + 2bc
2bc 13. In any triangle, state and prove cosine law. [HSEB 2065 Q.N. 8]
bc2 – b2c – a2c + a2b + c3 – b3 Solution:
= In any triangle ABC, the cosine law states that
a (b2 + c2 – a2 + 2bc)
bc (c – b) – a2 (c – b) + (c – b) (c2 + cb + b2) b2 + c2 – a2
= cosA = i.e., a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc cosA
a (b2 + c2 – a2 + 2bc) 2bc
(c – b) (bc – a2 + c2 + bc + b2) c2 + a2 – b2
= cosB = i.e., b2 = c2 + a2 – 2ca cosB
a (b2 + c2 – a2 + 2bc) 2ca
(c – b) (b2 + c2 – a2 + 2bc) c – b a2 + b2 – c2
= = and cosC = i.e., c2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab cosC
a (b2 + c2 – a2 + 2bc) a 2ab
 Complete HSEB Solution of Mathematics Grade-11 / 99 100/Trigonometry
Proof: 14. In a ABC, if (sin A + sin B + sin C) (sin A + sin B – sin C) = 3sin A sin
A
A B then prove C = 60°. [HSEB 2066 Q.N. 8 OR]
A Solution:
c
b c (sin A + sin B + sin C) (sin A + sin B – sin C) = 3 sin A sin B
c
b b or, (sin A + sin B)2 – sin2C = 3 sin A sin B
C B or, sin2A + 2 sin A sin B + sin2B – sin2C – 3sin A sin B = 0
B a a B C (D)
D C D a or, sin2A – sin A sin B + sin2B – sin2C = 0
fig. (i) fig. (ii) fig. (iii)
a2 a b b2 c2
Let ABC be any triangle. From A draw AD perpendicular to BC or BC or, 2 – . + 2– =0
4R 2R 2R 4R 4R2
produced (if necessary). then, there may arise the following three cases.
a – ab + b – c
2 2 2
Case I: When C is an acute angled in fig (i). Then from right angled or, =0
4R2
triangles ABD and ADC,
or, a + b – c = ab
2 2 2
AB2 = AD2 + BD2 . . . . (i)
a2 + b2 – c2
or, AC2 = AD2 + DC2 . . . . (ii) or, =1
ab
Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get
AB2 – AC2 = BD2 – DC2 a +b –c 1
2 2 2
or, =
= (BC – DC)2 – DC2 2ab 2
= BC2 – 2BC . DC + DC2 – DC2 or, cos C = cos 60°
AB2 = AC2 + BC2 – 2BC.DC  C = 60°
DC
From right angled triangle ACD cos C =  DC = AC cosC 15. In any triangle if cos B =
sin A
prove that the triangle is isosceles.
AC 2sin C
 AB = AC + BC – 2BC.AC cosC
2 2 2
[HSEB 2067 Q.N. 1]
i.e., c2 = b2 + a2 – 2ab cosC . . . Solution:
Case II: when C is an obtuse angled in fig. (ii), then from right angled See answer of Q.N. 7.
triangle ABD
AB2 = AD2 + BD2 16. In any triangle ABC if 8R2 = a2 + b2 + c2, prove that the triangle is
= (AC2 – CD2) + BD2 [ from ACD, AD2 = AC2 – CD2] right angled. [HSEB 2067 Q.N. 8 OR]
= AC2 – CD2 + (BC + CD)2 Solution:
= AC2 – CD2 + BC2 + 2BC . CD + CD2 Here by given condition 8R2 = a2 + b2 + c2
= AC2 + BC2 + 2BC . CD We know that,
CD a = 2R sin A , b = 2R sin B , c = 2R sin C
c2 = b2 + a2 – 2ab cosC [from  ACD, cos ( – c
AC
]
Now, 8R2 = 4R2 sin2 A + 4R2 sin2B + 4R2 sin2 C
CD or, 2 = sin2A + sin2B + sin2C
 –cosc =  CD = – AC cos C
AC 1 – cos 2A 1 – cos 2B 1 – cos 2C
or, 2 = + +
Case III: when A is a right angled triangle in fig (iii), then 2 2 2
AB2 = AC2 + BC2 or, 4 = 1 – cos 2A + 1 – cos 2B + 1 – cos 2C
= AC2 + BC2 – 2AC . BC cos C [ cos C = 90 = 0] or, cos 2A + cos 2B + cos 2C + 1 = 0
i.e., c2 = b2 + a2 – 2ab cosC or, 2 cos (A + B). cos (A – B) + 2 cos2C = 0
Hence, for all three cases, we have or, 2 cos C cos (A – B) + 2 cos2C = 0 ( A + B + C = )
c2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab cos C or, 2 cos C [cos C – cos (A – B)] = 0
a2 + b2 – c2 or, 2 cos C [– cos (A + B) – cos (A – B)] = 0
 cos C =
2ab or, – 2 cos C [cos (A + B) + cos (A – B)] = 0
Similarly, drawing perpendiculars from B and C on the opposite sides we or, – 2cos C [cos A cos B – sin A sin B + cos A cos B +sin A sin B]
get or, – 4 cos A cos B cos C = 0
b2 + c2 – a2 a2 + c2 – b2 or, cos A cos B cos C = 0
cos A = and cos B =
2bc 2ac
 Complete HSEB Solution of Mathematics Grade-11 / 101 102/Trigonometry
  For the second part:
Either cos A = 0 = cos A = See answer of Q.N. 4.
2 2
 
or, cos B = 0 = cos B= 1 1 3
2 2 19. If + = show that C = 60°.
a+c b+c a+b+c
 
or, cos C = 0 = cos C= [HSEB 2069 Q.N. 7(a) OR Supp.]
2 2 Solution:
17. State Cosine law, using cosine law, 1 1 3
We have, + =
A s(s – a) a+c b+c a+b+c
Prove that: cos = [HSEB 2068 Q.N. 7(a) OR] b+c+a+c 3
2 bc or, =
Solution: (a + c) (b + c) a + b + c
For the first part: a + b + 2c 3
or, =
Statement: Cosine law ab + ac + bc + c2 a + b + c
In any triangle ABC, the cosine law states that or, a2 + ab + ac + ab + b2 + bc + 2ac + 2bc + 2c2 = 3ab + 3ac + 3bc +
b2 + c2 – a2 3c2
cosA = i.e., a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc cosA
2bc or, a2 + 2ab + 3bc + 3ac + b2 + 2c2 – 3ab – 3ac – 3bc – 3c2 = 0
c2 + a2 – b2 or, a2 – ab + b2 – c2 = 0
cosB = i.e., b2 = c2 + a2 – 2ca cosB
2ca or, a2 + b2 – c2 = ab
a2 + b2 – c2 a2 + b2 – c2
and cosC = i.e., c2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab cosC or, =1
2ab ab
For the second part: a2 + b2 – c2 1 1
Again, we have
A
or,
2ab
=
2 [ Multiplying both sides by]2
2cos2 = 1 + cos A 1 a +b –c
2 2 2
2
A b2 + c2 – a2
or, cos C =
2 [ cos C =
2ab ]
or, 2cos2 = 1 + or, cos C = cos 60°
2 2bc or, C = 60°
A 2bc + b2 + c2 – a2
or, 2 cos = 2  C = 60°
2 2bc
2
A (b + c)2 – a2 20. State sine law. Using sine law, prove that:
or, 2cos =
2 2bc 1 c–a B
A (b + c + a) (b + c – a) tan (C – A) = . cot [HSEB 2070 Q.N. 7(a) OR]
2 c+a 2
or, cos2 =
2 4bc Solution:
2S(b + c + a – 2a) In any triangle ABC, the sine law states that
= [ a + b + c = 2S]
4bc a b c
25 (2S – 2a) 4s (s – a) = = = 2R
sinA sinB sinC
= =
4bc 4bc where R is the radius of the circum-circle.
A s(s – a) A  (C – A) c–a B
cos = [ taking positive sign only becauce 0 < < ] Again, to prove tan
2
= cot
2
2 bc 2 2 c+a
Now,
1 b–c A c – a 2R sinC – 2R sinA sinC – sinA
18. State sine law. Prove that: tan (B – C) = cot .
2 b+c 2 = =
c + a 2R sinC + 2R sinA sinC + sinA
[HSEB 2069 Set 'A' Q.N. 7(a) OR]
C+A C–A
Solution: 2 cos . sin
Since Law 2 2
=
In any triangle ABC, the sine law states that C+A C–A
2 sin . cos
a b c 2 2
= = = 2R
sinA sinB sinC
 Complete HSEB Solution of Mathematics Grade-11 / 103 104/Trigonometry
C+A C–A or, cosA sinC + 2 cosC sinC = cosA sinB + 2sinB cosB
= cot tan
2 2 or, cosA sinC – cosA sinB + sin2C – sin 2B = 0
B C–A   B C A B C + A or, cosA (sinC – sinB) + sin 2C – sin 2B = 0
= tan . tan
2 2 
 cot( )
–
2 2
= cot +
2 2 ( )
= tan = cot
2 2 
or, cosA 2cos
C+B
sin
C–B
+ 2 cos
2C + 2B
sin
2C – 2B
=0
1 C–A 2 2 2 2
= . tan
B 2 C+B C–B
cot
2 or, 2cosA cos sin + 2cos (C + B) sin (C – B) = 0
2 2
C–A c–a B C+B C–B C – B C – B
tan = . cot + 2 cosA. 2 sin  cos 
2  2 
2 c+a 2 or, 2cosA cos sin =0
2 2
21. If a4 + b4 + c4 = 2c2 (a2 + b2), prove that: c = 45° or 135°. C–B C+B C – B
– 2cos
2  2 
or 2cosA sin cos =0
[HSEB 2070(D) Q.N. 7(a) OR] 2
Solution: C+B C–B
Since cos – 2cos  0 because
See answer of Q.N. 1. 2 2
1 1
22. State sine Law. Use this law to prove the projection law. (C – B) < (C + B)
[HSEB 2071 Set C Q.N. 7(a) OR] 2 2
Solution: C–B
 cos A = 0 or sin =0
For the first part: 2
Sine Law:  A = 90° or, C = B
In any triangle ABC, the sine law states that Hence, the triangle is right or isosceles.
a b c
= = = 2R 24. In any triangle ABC, prove that
sinA sinB sinC
where R is the radius of the circum-circle. B–C b–c A
tan = cot [2072 Set C Q.N. 7(a) OR]
For the second part: 2 b+c 2
Projection Law: Solution:
In any triangle ABC See answer of Q.N. 4.
b cosc + c cosB = a, c cos A + a cos C = b and
a cosB + b cosA = c 1 1 3
25. If + = , show that c = 60°.
From sine law, we have a+c b+c a+b+c
b = 2R sinB, c = 2R sinC and a = 2R sinA [2072 Set D Q.N. 7(a) OR]
Now, Solution:
b cosc + c cosB = 2R sinB cosC + 2R sinC cosB We have,
= 2R(sinB cosC + sinC cosC) 1 1 3
+ =
= 2R sin(B + C) a+c b+c a+b+c
= 2R sinA [ B + C = 180 – A] b+c+a+c 3
=a or, =
(a + c) (b + c) a+b+c
Similarly, other relation can be proved. (a + b + c) + c 3
or, =
cosA + 2cosC sinB ab + ac + bc + c2 a+b+c
23. In any triangle ABC, if = , then prove that the or, (a + b + c)2 + c(a + b + c) = 3(ab + ac + bc + c2)
cosA + 2cosB sinC
triangle is either isosceles or right angled. or, a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca + ca + bc + c2
[HSEB 2071 set D Q.N. 7(a)OR] = 3ab + 3ac + 3bc + 3c2
Solution: or, a + b2 + 2c2 + 2ab + 3bc + 3ca – 3ab – 3ac – 3bc – 3c2 = 0
2

We have or, a2 + b2 – c2 = ab
cosA + 2cosC sinB a2 + b2 – c2 ab
= or, =
cosA + 2cos B sinC 2ab 2ab
or, (cosA + 2cosC) sinC = (cosA + 2cosB) sinB
 Complete HSEB Solution of Mathematics Grade-11 / 105 106/Trigonometry

cos c = a
2
+b –c
2 2
a b c
cos c = cos 60°
 2ab 
= =
sin A sin B sin C
= 2R
 c = 60° Proof :
See answer in Q.N. 3
B – A 1 + m cos B
26. If b – a = mc, prove tant cot = .
2 m sin B cos A + 2 cos C sin B
[2072 Set E Q.No. 7 (a) OR] 28. In any triangle ABC, if = , prove that the
cos A + 2 cos B sin C
Solution:
triangle is either isosceles or right angled. [HSEB 2073 Q.N. 7(b) OR]
We have,
1 + m cos B Solution:
m sin B We have
Since b – a = mc cosA + 2cosC sinB
=
b–a cosA + 2cos B sinC
 m = or, (cosA + 2cosC) sinC = (cosA + 2cosB) sinB
c
Now, or, cosA sinC + 2 cosC sinC = cosA sinB + 2sinB cosB
b–a or, cosA sinC – cosA sinB + sin2C – sin 2B = 0
1+ cos B
1 + m cos B c or, cosA (sinC – sinB) + sin 2C – sin 2B = 0
=
m sin B b–a C+B C–B 2C + 2B 2C – 2B
sin B or, cosA 2cos sin + 2 cos sin =0
c 2 2 2 2
c + (b – a) cos B C+B C–B
= or, 2cosA cos sin + 2cos (C + B) sin (C – B) = 0
(b – a) sin B 2 2
b cos A + a cos B + b cos B – a cos B C+B C–B C – B C – B
=
(b – a) sin B + 2 cosA. 2 sin  cos 
2  2 
or, 2cosA cos sin =0
2 2
b cos A + b cos B
= C–B C+B C – B
(b – a) sin B – 2cos
2  2 
or 2cosA sin cos =0
2
b (cos A + cos B)
= C+B C–B
(b – a) Sin B Since cos – 2cos  0 because
2 2
2R sin B (cos A + cos B)
= [ using sine laws] 1 1
(2R sin B – 2Rsin A) sin B (C – B) < (C + B)
sin B (cos A + cos B) 2 2
= C–B
sin B (sin B – sin A)  cos A = 0 or sin =0
A+B A–B 2
2 cos . cos
2 2  A = 90° or, C = B
=
B+A B–A Hence, the triangle is right or isosceles.
2 cos . sin
2 2
B–A 1 b–c A
cos 29. In any triangle ABC, prove that tan (B – C) = . cot
2 B–A 2 b+c 2
= = cot [ cos (–) = cos ] [NEB 2074 (set A) Q.N. 7(a)]
B –A 2
sin Solution:
2
See answer of Q.N.4.
27. State and prove sine law in any triangle. [HSEB 2073 Q.N. 7(a)]
Solution: 30. State and prove cosine law of trigonometry.
Statement [NEB 2074 (set B) Q.N. 7(a) OR]
Sine law: Solution:
In any triangle ABC, the sine law states that See answer of Q.N.13.
 Complete HSEB Solution of Mathematics Grade-11 / 107 108/Trigonometry

4.4 Solution of Triangle 2. Solve the triangle if a = 6, b = 2 and c = 3 – 1 .

[HSEB 2057 Q.N. 8(b) OR]
1. If three sides of a triangle are in the ratio 2 : 6 : 3 – 1 Solution:
[HSEB 2056 Q.N. 8(b) OR] We have
Solution: a = 6 , b = 2 and c = 3 – 1
We have, Then by cosine law, we have
a = 6, b = 2 and c = 3 – 1 a2 + b2 – c 2
cosC =
Then by cosine law, we have 2ab
a2 + b2 – c2 ( 6)2 + (2)2 – ( 3 – 1)2
cos C = =
2ab 2( 6).2
6 + 4 – ( 3 – 1)2 6 + 4 – (3 – 2 3 + 1)
= =
2× 6×2 4 6
10 – [3 – 2 3 + 1] 10 – 3 + 2 3 – 1
= =
4 6 4 6
10 – 3 + 2 3 – 1 6 + 2 3 6 + 2 3 2(3 + 3) 3 ( 3 + 1) 3+1
= = = = = =
4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 2 2. 3 2 2
 C = 15°
2 × 3 + 2 3 2 3 ( 3 + 1)
= = b2 + c2 – a2
4 6 4 6 Again, cos A =
2bc
3+1 3 1 (2) + ( 3 – 1)2 – ( 6)2
2
= = + =
2 2 2 2 2 2 2  2  ( 3 – 1)
1 3 1 1 4+3–2 3+1–6
= . + . =
2 2 2 2 4 ( 3 – 1)
= cos 45°. cos 30° + sin 45°. sin 30° 2 – 2 3 –2 ( 3 – 1) –1
= cos (45° – 30°) = cos 15° = = =
4 ( 3 – 1) 4( 3 – 1) 2
 C = 15°
A = 120°
b2 + c2 – a2
Again, cos A = Since A + B + C = 180
2bc
B = 180 – 15 – 120
4 + ( 3 – 1)2 – 6  
=
2 × 2 × ( 3 – 1)   B = 45°
–2+3–2 3+1
= 3. If a = 2, b = 6, c = 3 + 1 , solve the triangle. [HSEB 2058 Q.N. 8(b) OR]
4 ( 3 – 1) Solution:
2–2 3 – 2 ( 3 – 1) 1 We have, a = 2, b = 6, c = 3 + 1
= = = – = cos 120°
4 ( 3 – 1) 4 ( 3 – 1) 2 Then by cosine law, we have
a2 + b2 – c 2
 A = 120° cos C =
2ab
Also, we have
A + B + C = 180° (2)2 + ( 6)2 – ( 3 + 1)2 4 + 6 – ( 3 – 1)2
= =
or, B = 180° – (A + C) = 180° – (120° + 15°) = 45° 2×2× 6 4 6
Hence, A = 120° B = 45°, C = 15° 10 – 3 – 2 3 – 1 6 – 2 3
= =
4 6 4 6
 Complete HSEB Solution of Mathematics Grade-11 / 109 110/Trigonometry

3– 3 3 3 3 3 + 1 – a2
= = – or, =
2 6 2 6 2 6 2 2 3
3. 3 3 or, 3 = 4 – a2
= – or, a2 = 1
2 3 2 2 3× 2
1 3 1 1  a = 1
= . – . Since a = c = 1, ABC is an isosceles triangle,
2 2 2 2
= cos 45°. cos 30° – sin 45°. sin 30°  C = A = 30°
or, cos C = cos (45° + 30°) We know that,
or, cos C = cos 75° A + B + C = 180°
 C = 75° or, 30° + B + 30° = 180º
b2 + c2 – a2  B = 180° – 60° = 120°
Again, cos A =
2bc Hence, a = c = 1, b = 3, A = C = 30°, B = 120
( 6)2 + ( 3 + 1)2 – (2)2
= 6. In any triangle ABC, if A = 30°, and B = 90°, find a : b : c
2 × 6 ( 3 + 1) [HSEB 2061 Q.N. 8(b) OR]
6+3+2 3+1–4 Solution:
=
2 6 ( 3 + 1) we have,
A = 30° and B = 90°
6+2 3
=  C = 180° – (A + B) = 180° – (30° – 90°)
2 6 ( 3 + 1)
= 180° – 120°
2 3× 3+2 3 = 60°
=
2 6 ( 3 + 1) By sine law, we have
2 3 ( 3 + 1) 3 1 a b c
= = = = cos 45° = = = 2R
sin A sin B sin C
2 6 ( 3 + 1) 3× 2 2
 a = 2R sin A, b, = 2R sin B, c = 2R sin C
 A = 45°
a : b : c = 2R sin A: 2R sin B: 2R sin C
But, we have, A + B + C = 180°
= sin A: sin B: sin C
or, B = 180°– (A + C) = 180° – (45° + 75°) = 60°
= sin 30°: sin 90°: sin 60°
 A = 45°, B = 60°, C = 75°
1 3
Hence, a : b : c = : 1 :
4. Solve the triangle, if a = 2, b = 6, c = 3 + 1 . [HSEB 2059 Q.N. 8(b) OR] 2 2
Solution:
See answer of Q.N. 3. 7. In any ABC, a = 2, b = 6 and c = 3 – 1, find B.
[HSEB 2062 Q.N. 8(b) OR]
5. In any triangle ABC, b = 3, c = 1 and A = 30° solve the triangle. Solution:
[HSEB 2060 Q.N. 8(b) OR]
We have, a = 2, b = 6 and c = 3 – 1
Solution:
Then by cosine law, we have
We have, b = 3, c = 1, A = 30° b2 + c2 – a2
Then by cosine law, we have cos A =
2bc
b2 + c2 – a2
cos A =
2bc ( 6)2 + ( 3 – 1)2 – (2)2
=
2 6 . ( 3 – 1)
( 3)2 + (1)2 – a2
or, cos 30°= 6+3–2 3+1–4
2 3×1 =
2 6 ( 3 – 1)
 Complete HSEB Solution of Mathematics Grade-11 / 111 112/Trigonometry

6–2 3 9. In any triangle ABC, b = 3, c = 1 and A = 30° , solve the triangle.

=
2 6 ( 3 – 1)
[HSEB 2065 Q.N. 8(b) OR]
2(3 – 3)
= Solution:
2 . 2 . 3 ( 3 – 1)
We have, b = 3 , c = 1 and A = 30°
3 ( 3 – 1) 3–1 1 Then by cosine law, we have
= = = = cos 45°
2 3 ( 3 – 1) 2 ( 3 – 1) 2 b2 + c2 – a2
cos A =
 = 45 2bc
a2 + c2 – b2 ( 3)2 + (1)2 – a2
cos B = or, cos 30 =
2ac 2 3.1
4 + ( 3 – 1)2 – 6 3 3 + 1 – a2
= or, =
2 .2( 3 – 1) 2 2 3
4+3–2 3+1–6 4 – a2
= or, 3 =
4( 3 – 1) 3
2–2 3 or, 4 – a2 = 3
=
4( 3 – 1) or, a2 = 1
–2 ( 3 – 1)  a = 1
= Again, by sine law, we have
4 ( 3 – 1)
a b
–1 =
= = cos 120° sin A sin B
2
1 3
B = 120° or, =
sin 30 sin B
Since A + B + C = 180°
or, C = 180 – (A + B) = 180 – (45 + 120) = 180 – 165 1 3
or, =
 C = 15° 1 sin B
2
8. If the angles of a triangle are to one another as 1 : 2 : 3, prove that the
or, 2 sin B = 3
corresponding sides are 1 : 3 : 2. [HSEB 2064 Q.N. 8(b) OR]
3
Solution: or, sin B = = sin 60
2
We have, let x, 2x and 3x be the angles of given triangle, then
x + 2x + 3x = 180° B = 60°
or, 6x = 180° We have
180° A + B = C = 180°
 x = = 30°  C = 180° – (A + B)
6
Then, the angles of the triangle are 30°, 60°, 90° = 180° – (30° + 60°)
By sine law, we have = 90°
a b c B = 60°, C = 90°, a = 1
= = = 2R
sin A sin B sin C
10. If A = 30°, B = 45°, a = 6 2 , solve the triangle ABC.
1
 a = 2R sin A = 2R sin 30° = 2R × = R [HSEB 2066 Q.N. 8(b)]
2 Solution:
3 We have, A = 30°, B = 45°, a = 6 2
b = 2R sin B = 2R sin 60° = 2R × = 3R
2 a b
c = 2R sin C = 2R sin 90° = 2R × 1 = 2R Then by sine law, =
sin A sin B
Hence, a : b : c = R : 3R : 2R = 1: 3: 2
 Complete HSEB Solution of Mathematics Grade-11 / 113 114/Trigonometry

6 2 b 4 + 3 – c2
or, = or, 1 =
sin 30° sin 45° 3+1
6 2 b or, 4 + 3 – c2 = 3 + 1
or, =
1 1 or, 4 + 3 – 3 – 1 = c2
2 2 or, c2 = 3
or, 12 2 = 2b  c = 3
12 2 Again, by sine law, we have
 b = = 12 c a
2 =
Now, C = 180°– (A + B) = 180° – (30° + 45°) =180° – 75° = 105° sin C sin A
a c or, c sin A = a sin C
Again, by sine law, = or, 3 sinA = 2  sin 60
sin A sin C
6 2 c 3 1
or, = or, sin A = 2  
sin 30° sin 105° 2 3
6 2 × sin 105° or, sin A = 1
or, c = or, sin A = sin 90°
sin 30°
6 2 ( 3 + 1)  A = 90°
= × We have
1 2 2
2 A + B + C = 180°
or,B = 180° – (A + C)
( 3 + 1) = 180° – (90° – 60°)
= 12 2 ×
2 2 = 30°
= 6 ( 3 + 1) A = 90°, B = 30° and C = 3
Hence, a = 12, B = 105°, c = 6 ( 3 + 1)

11. In any triangle ABC, b = 3, c = 1 and A = 30°, solve the triangle.

[HSEB 2067 Q.N. 8(b)]

Solution:
See answer of Q.N.9

12. If a = 2, b = 1 + 3 , C = 60°, solve the triangle ABC.

[HSEB 2069 Set 'B' Q.N. 7(a) OR]
Solution:
We have, a= 2, b = 1 + 3 , C = 60
Then by cosine law, we have
a2 + b2 – c2
cos C =
2ab
4 + (1 + 3)2 – c2
or, cos 60 =
2.2 (1 + 3)
1 4 + 1 + 2 3 + 3 – c2
or, =
2 4 (1 + 3)