12

Math HL Name: ________________________________________

Unit 10 – Differential Equations
Test Review – Paper 2

1. [Maximum mark: 4] Use an integrating factor to show that the general solution for
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− = − , 𝑡 > 0 is 𝑥 = 2 + 𝑐𝑡, where c is a constant.
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2. Find the particular solution of 𝑥 ! + 1 + 𝑥𝑦 = (1 − 2𝑥) 𝑥 ! + 1 given that y = 2 when
!"
𝑥 = 1.













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3. Find the particular solution for 𝑥𝑦 ! = 𝑥 ! + 𝑦 ! given y = 3 when 𝑥 = 1.
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4. For the differential equation = 𝑥 + 𝑦 such that y(2) = 0, use Euler’s method with a
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step value of 0.2 to find an approximate value of y when 𝑥 = 3, giving your answer to
two decimal places.








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5. Solve the separable differential equation 𝑥 = tan 𝑦.
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6. Consider the initial-value problem

dy
−
xy
dx 1− x
2 ()
= 1, y 0 = 1.
a) Show that the differential equation is a first order linear equation by writing it in the
dy
form + yP(x) = Q(x).
dx





b) Show that the integrating factor is 1− x 2 .






x 1− x 2 arcsin x
c) By using the substitution x = sin u, show that ∫

1− x 2 dx =
2
+
2
+ C.









d) Find the solution to the initial value problem expressed in the form y = f(x).












 dy
7. Consider the differential equation = x − y.
dx
a) Sketch on a graph the slope field at the points (x, y) where x is in {0, 1, 2, 3, 4} and y
is in {0, 1, 2, 3, 4}.

b) On the slope field, sketch the curve that passes through the point (0, 3).

c) Solve the differential equation to find the equation of this curve. Give your answer in
the form y = f(x).












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8. Consider the differential equation = 𝑦 ! + 5𝑥𝑦 + 5𝑥 ! such that 𝑦 = −2 when 𝑥 = 1.
!"
Using the substitution 𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥, show that the solution to the differential equation is
!
𝑦 = 𝑥 tan(ln 𝑥 + ) − 𝑥.
!












 9. Use the substitution y = vx to show that the general solution to the differential equation
dy
is y − x + xy = 0 is 2x 2 y 2 − x 4 = C , where C is a constant.
2 2

dx














10. [Maximum mark: 10]

Consider the differential equation

dy
dx
( ) ( )
= f x , y where f x , y = y − 2x.

a) Sketch, on one diagram, the four isocline corresponding to f(x, y) = k where k
takes the values -1, -0.5, 0, and 1. Indicate clearly where each isocline crosses the
y-axis.
[2]











A curve, C, passes through the point (0, 1) and satisfies the differential equation above.
b) Sketch C on your diagram.
[3]

c) State a particular relationship between the isocline f(x, y) = -0.5 and the curve C,
at their point of intersection.
[1]


d) Use Euler’s method with a step interval of 0.1 to find an approximate value for y
on C when x = 0.5.
[4]








11. [Maximum mark: 13]
a) Consider the differential equation
dy ⎛ y⎞
= f⎜ , x > 0.
dx ⎝ x ⎟⎠


Use the substitution y = vx to show that the general solution of this differential
equation is
dv
∫ f ( v ) − v = ln x + C

[3]






b) Hence, or otherwise, solve the differential equation
dy x 2 + 3xy + y 2
= , x > 0,
dx x2
given that y = 1 when x = 1. Give your answer in the form y = g(x).
[10]
































 12. [Maximum mark: 13]
dy x
Consider the differential equation = − xy where y > 0 and y = 2 when x = 0.
dx y
a) Show that putting z = y 2 transforms the differential equation into
dz
+ 2xz = 2x.
dx
[4]






b) By solving this differential equation in z, obtain an expression for y in terms of x.
[9]







































 13. [Maximum mark: 11]
dy ⎛ 2x ⎞
Consider the differential equation + y = x 2 , given that y = 2 when x = 0.
dx ⎜⎝ 1+ x 2 ⎟⎠

a) Show that 1 + x 2 is an integrating factor for this differential equation.
[5]














b) Hence, solve this differential equation. Give the answer in the form y = f (x).
[6]