Mixtures and Solutions
Part 1: Mixtures
What Is Matter?
Everything in the universe is made of matter.
Matter is anything that
has mass and volume.
Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms.
All the matter around us is
classified in two major
groups…
Matter
Pure Substances Mixtures
Made of only ONE Made of only TWO
kind of atom or or MORE kinds of
molecule. atoms or molecules.
Pure Substances
Pure substances are the same throughout.
The composition doesn’t change, no matter
what part of the substance you look at!
Same
composition
Same
composition
Mixtures
Mixtures are not the same throughout.
The composition of mixtures changes,
depending on what part you look at!
Different
composition
Different
composition
Pure Substance or Mixture?
Pure Substance
Pure Substance or Mixture?
Mixture
Pure Substance or Mixture?
Pure Substance
Pure Substance or Mixture?
Pure Substance
Pure Substance or Mixture?
Mixture
Pure Substance or Mixture?
Pure Substance
Pure Substance or Mixture?
Mixture
Looking Closer At Mixtures
A mixture is made of 2 or more types of atoms
that are NOT chemically combined together.
Mixtures can take many forms:
2+ Solids 2+ Liquids 2+ Gases
ANY combination of solids, liquids & gases
Mixtures of Solids
Mixtures of Liquids
Mixtures of Gases
Types Of Mixtures
There are 2 major types of mixtures:
Heterogeneous Homogeneous
Means “different” Means “the same”
You can see the You cannot see
different parts the different parts
(phases) of the (phases) of the
mixture easily mixture
Heterogeneous Mixtures
Homogeneous Mixtures
Which Kind of Mixture?
Classify each type of mixture as:
Heterogeneous Homogeneous
Heterogeneous Homogeneous Heterogeneous
Any Questions?
Mixtures and Solutions
Part 2: Solutions
Solutions
A solution is a special type of mixture.
A solution is a homogeneous mixture
that combines a solute and a solvent.
A solution involves one
substance dissolving in
another substance, which
is usually a liquid.
Solutions
A solution is a special type of mixture.
A solution is a homogeneous mixture
that combines a solute and a solvent.
Solute Solvent
The solid part that The liquid part that
gets dissolved. does the dissolving.
e.g. salt, sugar e.g. water
How To Make A Solution
Solute + Solvent = Solution
Salt Water Salt Solution
Solubility
We can measure how easily a solute
will dissolve in a certain solvent.
This measurement is called solubility.
HIGH Solubility LOW Solubility
The solute dissolves The solute does not
quickly & easily dissolve easily
e.g. salt in water e.g. sand in water
Dilute vs. Concentrated
We can add a LITTLE or a LOT of solute!
For example, putting spoonfuls
of sugar into a cup of tea…
A solution with
only a small
amount of solute
is called a
dilute solution.
Dilute vs. Concentrated
We can add a LITTLE or a LOT of solute!
For example, putting spoonfuls
of sugar into a cup of tea…
A solution with a
large amount of
solute is called
concentrated.
Saturated Solutions
Eventually, a solvent can’t hold anymore!
A saturated solution CANNOT hold any
more solute at a certain temperature.
Keep Going!
But, by heating a solvent up, we can make
it hold even more solute than normal.
A super-saturated solution contains more
solute than it can normally dissolve.
Heat It!
Any Questions?
Mixtures and Solutions
Part 3: Separating Mixtures
Recall: Mixtures
A mixture is made of 2 or more types of atoms
that are NOT chemically combined together.
Each part of a mixture is called a phase.
Since the phases are not chemically
joined together, they can be separated…
Separation Techniques
There are 5 ways to separate mixtures:
Sieving
Filtration
Evaporation
Distillation
Chromatography
Sieving
Separates different sized/shaped solids.
You can do it by
hand or with a sieve.
Smaller solids will pass through the sieve.
Larger solids will be left inside the sieve.
Filtration
Separates solids mixed with liquids.
You need a funnel
and filter paper.
The liquid that passes through is the filtrate.
Solids that gets stuck in the filter is residue.
Filtration
residue
Insoluble
in water
filtrate
Soluble
in water
Evaporation
Separates solids dissolved fully in a liquid.
You need an
evaporation dish
and heater.
The liquid will evaporate into the air.
The solid residue will remain behind.
Evaporation
liquid
evaporates
residue
left behind
Distillation
Separates a solid dissolved in a liquid,
but you want to keep the liquid instead!
You need a
distillation apparatus.
The liquid evaporates and is collected.
The solid residue will remain in the flask.
Distillation
gas drips
out here
flask
condenser
cools down
the gas
burner
flask
Chromatography
Separates different dyes and inks
mixed together in one solution.
You need chromatography
paper and a solvent.
All the different dyes are dissolved in water.
Some dyes are more soluble than others…
Chromatography
chromatography More soluble
paper strip dyes are
carried higher
Drop of the ink
mixture is put
near bottom Less soluble
dyes stay
lower
solvent
usually water
Any Questions?
