Inventeron technologies Internship Report

CHAPTER 1
INTERNSHIP

An internship is a period of work experience offered by an organization for a

limited period of time. Once confined to medical graduates, the term is now used for a
wide range of placements in businesses, non-profit organizations and government
agencies. They are typically undertaken by students and graduates looking to gain
relevant skills and experience in a particular field. Employers benefit from these
placements because they often recruit employees from their best interns, who have known
capabilities, thus saving time and money in the long run. Internships are usually arranged
by third-party organizations which recruit interns on behalf of industry groups. Rules vary
from country to country about when interns should be regarded as employees. The system
can be open to exploitation by unscrupulous employers.
Typically, an internship consists of an exchange of services for experience
between the intern and the organization. Internships are used to determine if the intern
still has an interest in that field after the real-life experience. In addition, an internship can
be used to create a professional network that can assist with letters of recommendation or
lead to future employment opportunities. The benefit of bringing an intern into full-time
employment is that they are already familiar with the company, their position, and they
typically need little to no training. Internships provide current college students the ability
to participate in a field of their choice to receive hands on learning about a particular
future career, preparing them for full-time work following graduation.

Internships for professional careers are similar in some ways, but not as rigorous
as apprenticeships for professions, trade, and vocational jobs. The lack of standardization
and oversight leaves the term "internship" open to broad interpretation. Interns may be
high school students, college and university students, or post-graduate adults. These
positions may be paid or unpaid and are temporary.

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CHAPTER 2

ABOUT COMPANY

Inventeron Technologies and Business Solutions LLP is an Indian based

engineering and Electronics Company headquartered in Bangalore, Karnataka, India. It is
both product and service oriented software company having its products in wireless
communication Technology and provides quality service to its valuable clients in its
domain.

2.1 HISTORY

The company was legally registered in the year 2013, but it made its humble
beginning in the year 2012 with a team of six members. In the beginning the team started
designing some protocols for wireless communication with a range up to 4 to 5 km line of
sight. The company handled various projects and successfully completed them satisfying
the client requirement. After the successful completion of the project and achieving
customer satisfaction the number of clients increased who sincerely served with respect
and faith.

That is how the company started generating the revenue. Even though the team
members were experts in embedded electronics, Java, Dot net and android, the company
simultaneously established itself to develop websites and few latest apps based on the
client requirement. The company was later registered on 24th December 2013 and
established a well-equipped office space with good R&D unit and supporting
infrastructure. It started recruiting people with great skills and expertise for different
domains of company and started working with new hopes and enthusiasm. Presently the
company have around 25 employees including all the departments like Embedded, Java,
Dot net, android, Testing, PCB design, IOT and so on. The company is working with
many Industrial projects in different domains and working for its own products.

2.2 COMPANY STRATERGY

 Purpose: To be a leader in the software Industry by providing enhanced

services, relationship and profitability.

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 Vision: To provide quality services that exceeds the expectations of our

esteemed customers.
Mission: To build long term relationships with our customers and clients and
provide exceptional customer services by pursuing business through innovation and
advanced technology.

 Core values:

 To incorporate good business practices in order to achieve customer satisfaction

and treating the customers with respect and faith.

 To grow through creativity, invention and innovation.

 To integrate honesty, integrity and business ethics into all aspects of the business
functioning.

Goals:

 To improve, grow and become more efficient in the field electronics engineering
and software development and develop a strong base of key clients.

 To understand customer requirements and fulfill them.

 Increase the assets and investments of the organization to support the development
of services and expansion of the organization.

 To increase the productivity and improve the customer service satisfaction.

 To do Innovations in Embedded Electronics and provide quality services to

deliver a range of products.

2.3 COMPANY SERVICES

Inventeron Technologies and Business Solutions LLP have its own services such as,
 Embedded Applications development

 Web design and development

 IT Service

 Server Maintenance

 Project Management

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 Company Products
Inventeron Technologies and Business Solutions LLP have it company products
like-
 Smart Surveillance system

 Safety and Security Systems

 Biometrics

 Smart Traffic Systems

 Vehicle Tracking Systems

 Tower Management System

 Education Management Systems

 Hotel Management System

 Personal safety Equipment’s

 Wireless Communication Devices

 LED Products

 Water Controlling Units

 Water level controller

 smart ration management system

2.4 DOMAINS
Inventeron Technologies and Business Solutions LLP have working with several
domains like-
 IT

 Government

 Food and Beverages

 Health Care

 Outsourcing

 HR Management

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2.5 DEPARTMENTS
 Production: Production is the functional area responsible for turning inputs into
finished outputs through a series of production processes. The Production
Manager is responsible for making sure that the materials required are available at
the time of developing the product. The Production manager must make sure the
work is carried out smoothly and must supervise procedures for making work
more efficient. A product is anything that can be offered to a market that might
satisfy a want or need.
 Marketing: These are the main section of the market departments:

 Sales department is responsible for the sales and distribution of the products to
the different regions.

 Research & Department is responsible for market research and testing new
products to make sure that they are suitable to be sold.

 Promotion department decides on the type of promotion method for the

products, arranges advertisements and the advertising media used.

 Distribution department distributes the products across the industries.

CHAPTER 3

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INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEM

Embedded system is a combination of hardware & software which is designed to

perform one or more specific set of functions. In an embedded system, there is only one
application software that is typically burned into ROM.

An embedded system is a controller with a dedicated function within a larger

mechanical or electrical system, often with real-time computing constraints. It
is embedded as part of a complete device often including hardware and mechanical parts.
Embedded systems control many devices in common use today. Ninety-eight percent of
all microprocessors manufactured are used in embedded systems.

Modern embedded systems are often based on microcontrollers (i.e.

microprocessors with integrated memory and peripheral interfaces), but ordinary
microprocessors (using external chips for memory and peripheral interface circuits) are
also common, especially in more complex systems. In either case, the processor(s) used
may be types ranging from general purpose to those specialized in certain class of
computations, or even custom designed for the application at hand. A common standard
class of dedicated processors is the digital signal processor (DSP).

Since the embedded system is dedicated to specific tasks, design engineers can
optimize it to reduce the size and cost of the product and increase the reliability and
performance. Some embedded systems are mass-produced, benefiting from economies of
scale.

3.1 Features of Embedded System

 Embedded systems are small size, low power consumption, rugged operating
ranges & low per unit cost.

 Embedded systems are based on microcontroller i.e CPUs with integrated memory
or peripheral interfaces.

 Wide variety of operating systems and processors are used in embedded systems.

 They are small in size.

 They are highly reliable.

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 The power consumption is very low.

Fig. 3.1: Embedded System

An embedded system is a controller with a dedicated function within a larger
mechanical or electrical system as shown in the Fig.1.1. Embedded system Hardware
components are as follows.
 Power supply

 Processor

 Memory

 Timers/Counters

 Communication ports

 Assembler

 Application specific circuits

 Reset & oscillator circuits

 Input devices interfacing / Driver circuits

 Output devices interfacing / Driver circuits

 Interrupt controller

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An embedded system is a system that has software embedded in computer

hardware. It makes a system dedicated to a specific part of an application or product of a
larger system. Depending on the application, embedded system may be
programmable or non-programmable. Examples of embedded systems include various
products such as washing machine, microwave ovens, cameras, printers and automobiles.
They use microprocessors and microcontrollers as well as specially designed processors
such as digital signal processors (DSP).

Fig. 3.2: Components of Embedded System

3.2 APPLICATIONS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM

Embedded systems find wide applications in day to day situations and in real time
applications few of them have been listed below.
3.2.1 EMBEDDED SYSTEM FOR DETECTING RASH DRIVING ON
HIGHWAYS
The main intention of this project is to design a highway speed-checker device
that identifies rash driving on highways and alarms the traffic authorities if the speed
checker finds any vehicle violating the set speed limits on highways.

3.2.2 APPLICATION OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM FOR STREET LIGHT

CONTROL
The main intention of this project is to detect the movement of vehicles on
highways and to switch on street lights ahead of it, and then to switch off the street lights

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as the vehicle go past the street lights to conserve energy.  In this project, a PIC
microcontroller is programmed by using embedded C or assembly language.
3.2.3 EMBEDDED SYSTEM FOR TRAFFIC SIGNAL CONTROL SYSTEM
The main goal of this project is to design a density based traffic signal system. At
every junction, the signal timing changes automatically according to the traffic density at
every junction. Traffic jam is a major problem in many cities across the world and gives
regular nightmares to the commuters and travelers.

3.2.4 APPLICATION OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM FOR VEHICLE TRACKING

The main purpose of this project is to find the exact location of a vehicle by using
a GPS modem and in order to reduce vehicle thefts. The GSM modem sends an SMS to a
predefined mobile which stores the data in it. An LCD display is used to display the
location information in terms of latitude and longitude values. The microcontroller
(AT89C52) is preprogrammed with the Kiel software and therefore, continuously checks
the GPS modem.

3.2.5 APPLICATION OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM FOR HOME AUTOMATION

SYSTEM
The main purpose of this project is to design a home automation system with the
Android application based remote control. Remote operation is performed by Android OS
based smart-phone or Tablet etc., upon a Graphical User Interface based touch screen
operation. In order to achieve this, Android application act as a transmitter that sends
on/off commands to the receiver wherein loads are connected.

3.2.6 EMBEDDED SYSTEM FOR AUTO INTENSITY CONTROL

This project is designed to auto intensity control of LED based street lights by
using solar power from the photovoltaic panels. The awareness for solar energy is
increasing, and many institutions and peoples are opting solar energy. In this project,
Photovoltaic panels are used for charging batteries by converting the sun energy into
electrical energy. A solar charge controller circuit is used to control the charging.

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3.3 INTRODUCTION TO IOT (Internet of Things)

The internet of Things (IOT) is the network of physical objects or “things”
embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity, which enables
these object to collect and exchange data. IOT has many applications in agriculture, smart
cities, smart home, healthcare, business sectors, Traffic monitoring, transport and
logistics etc. This is growing mega trend that will influence everything from businesses to
our daily personal lives.

Fig. 3.3: Internet of Things

The internet of things, or IOT, is a system of interrelated computing devices,

mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals or people that are provided with unique
identifiers (UIDs) and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring
human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction as shown in the above Fig.1.3.

The definition of the Internet of things has evolved due to the convergence of
multiple technologies, real-time analytics, machine learning, commodity sensors,
and embedded systems. Traditional fields of embedded systems, wireless sensor
networks, control systems, automation (including home and building automation),
and others all contribute to enabling the Internet of things. In the consumer market, IoT
technology is most synonymous with products pertaining to the concept of the "smart
home", covering devices and appliances (such as lighting fixtures, thermostats, home

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security systems and cameras, and other home appliances) that support one or more
common ecosystems, and can be controlled via devices associated with that ecosystem,
such as smart phones and smart speakers.

3.4 APPLICATIONS OF IOT

Internet of Things (IOT) has introduced wide spectrum of applications. Few of the
applications have been discussed in following sections.
3.4.1 CONSUMER APPLICATIONS
A growing portion of IOT devices are created for consumer use, including
connected vehicles, home automation, wearable technology (as part of Internet of
Wearable Things (IOWT), connected health, and appliances with remote monitoring
capabilities.
a. Smart home
IOT devices are a part of the larger concept of home automation, which can include
lighting, heating and air conditioning, media and security systems. Long-term benefits
could include energy savings by automatically ensuring lights and electronics are turned
off.
A smart home or automated home could be based on a platform or hubs that
control smart devices and appliances. For instance, using Apple's Home Kit,
manufacturers can have their home products and accessories controlled by an application
in IOS devices such as the  iphone and the Apple Watch. This could be a dedicated app or
IOS native applications such as Siri. This can be demonstrated in the case of Lenovo's
Smart Home Essentials, which is a line of smart home devices that are controlled through
Apple's Home app or Siri without the need for a Wi-Fi bridge. 
There are also dedicated smart home hubs that are offered as standalone platforms
to connect different smart home products and these include the Amazon Echo, Google
Home, Apple's Home Pod, and Samsung's Smart Things Hub. In addition to the
commercial systems, there are many non-proprietary, open source ecosystems; including
Home Assistant, OpenHAB and Domoticz.
b. Elder care
One key application of a smart home is to provide assistance for those with
disabilities and elderly individuals. These home systems use assistive technology to
accommodate an owner's specific disabilities. Voice control can assist users with sight
and mobility limitations while alert systems can be connected directly to cochlear

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implants worn by hearing-impaired users. They can also be equipped with additional

safety features.

These features can include sensors that monitor for medical emergencies such as
falls or seizures. Smart home technology applied in this way can provide users with more
freedom and a higher quality of life. The term "Enterprise IoT" refers to devices used in
business and corporate settings. By 2019, it is estimated that the EIoT will account for 9.1
billion devices.

3.4.2 COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS IN MEDICAL AND HEALTHCARE

The Internet of Medical Things (also called the internet of health things) is an

application of the IoT for medical and health related purposes, data collection and
analysis for research, and monitoring. This 'Smart Healthcare', as it is also called, led to
the creation of a digitized healthcare system, connecting available medical resources and
healthcare services.

IoT devices can be used to enable remote health monitoring and emergency

notification systems. These health monitoring devices can range from blood pressure and
heart rate monitors to advanced devices capable of monitoring specialized implants, such
as pacemakers, Fit bit electronic wristbands, or advanced hearing aids. Some hospitals
have begun implementing "smart beds" that can detect when they are occupied and when
a patient is attempting to get up. It can also adjust itself to ensure appropriate pressure and
support is applied to the patient without the manual interaction of nurses. 

A 2015 Goldman Sachs report indicated that healthcare IoT devices "can save the
United States more than $300 billion in annual healthcare expenditures by increasing
revenue and decreasing cost." Moreover, the use of mobile devices to support medical
follow-up led to the creation of 'm-health', used "to analyze, capture, transmit and store
health statistics from multiple resources, including sensors and other biomedical
acquisition systems".

 Building and Home automation

 Manufacturing

 Media and Environmental monitoring

 Infrastructure managemen

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CHAPTER 4
8051 MICROCONTROLLER

8051 microcontroller is an 8-bit family of microcontroller developed by intel in

the year 1981. The Intel 8051 is an 8-bit microcontroller which means that most available
operations are limited to 8 bits as shown in Fig 3.1

Fig. 4.1: 8051 Microcontroller

There are 3 basic "sizes" of the 8051: Short, Standard, and Extended. The Short
and Standard chips are often available in DIP (dual in-line package) form, but the
Extended 8051 models often have a different form factor, and are not "drop-in
compatible". All these things are called 8051 because they can all be programmed using
8051 assembly language, and they all share certain features (although the different
models all have their own special features).

4.1 FEATURES OF 8051-MICROCONTROLLER

A Microcontroller is a VLSI IC that contains a CPU (Processor) along with some
other peripherals like Memory (RAM and ROM), I/O Ports, Timers/Counters,
Communication Interface, ADC, etc. 8051 Microcontroller has many features like Serial
Communication, Timers, Interrupts, etc. and hence many students and beginners start
their work on the concept of Microcontrollers with 8051 Microcontroller.

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 8 – Bit ALU: ALU or Arithmetic Logic Unit is the heart of a microcontroller. It

performs arithmetic and bitwise operation on binary numbers. The ALU in 8051 is
an 8 – Bit ALU i.e. it can perform operations on 8 – bit data.

 8 – Bit Accumulator: The Accumulator is an important register associated with the

ALU. The accumulator in 8051 is an 8 – bit register.

 RAM: 8051 Microcontroller has 128 Bytes of RAM which includes SFRs and
Input / Output Port Registers.

 ROM: 8051 has 4 KB of on-chip ROM (Program Memory).

 I/O Ports: 8051 has four 8 – bit Input / Output Ports which are bit addressable and
bidirectional.

 Timers / Counters: 8051 has two 16 – bit Timers / Counters.

 Serial Port: 8051 supports full duplex UART Communication.

 External Memory: 8051Microcontroller can access two 16 – bit address line at

once: one each for RAM and ROM. The total external memory that an 8051
Microcontroller can access for RAM and ROM is 64KB (216 for each type).

 Additional Features: Interrupts, on-chip oscillator, Boolean Processor, Power

Down Mode, etc

4.2 INTERFACING USING 8051 MICROCONTROLLER

Interfacing is the process of connecting devices together so that they can exchange
the information. The different types of interfacing devices are LEDs, LCDs, 7 segment,
Keypad, Motors, Relays, Sensors and other devices.
Interfacing is one of the important concepts in 8051 microcontrollers because the
microcontroller is a CPU that can perform some operation on a data and gives the output.
However, to perform the operation we need an input device to enter the data and in turn
output device displays the results of the operation. Here we are using keyboard and LCD
display as input and output devices along with the microcontroller.

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4.2.1 LED (Light Emitting Diode)

Light emitting diode (LED) is essentially a PN junction opto -semiconductor that
emits a monochromatic (single color) light when operated in a forward biased direction.

Fig. 4.2: LED

The above Fig.3.2 shows the detailed structure of LED. A light-emitting
diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source that emits light when current flows through
it. Electrons in the semiconductor recombine with electron holes, releasing energy in the
form of photons. The color of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photons) is
determined by the energy required for electrons to cross the band gap of the
semiconductor. White light is obtained by using multiple semiconductors or a layer of
light-emitting phosphor on the semiconductor device.
Appearing as practical electronic components in 1962, the earliest LEDs emitted
low-intensity infrared light. Infrared LEDs are used in remote-control circuits, such as
those used with a wide variety of consumer electronics. The first visible-light LEDs were
of low intensity and limited to red. Modern LEDs are available across
the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared wavelengths, with high light output.

Early LEDs were often used as indicator lamps, replacing small incandescent
bulbs, and in seven-segment displays. Recent developments have produced high-output
white light LEDs suitable for room and outdoor area lighting. LEDs have led to new
displays and sensors, while their high switching rates are useful in advanced
communications technology.

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4.2.2 MOTOR
A DC motor or direct current motor converts electrical energy into mechanical
energy as shown in the below Fig.3.4. A direct current (DC) motor is a fairly simple
electric motor that uses electricity and a magnetic field to produce torque, which turns the
rotor and hence give mechanical work.

Fig. 4.3: DC Motor

4.2.3 RELAY
A Relay is an electrically operated switch as shown in the below Fig.3.5. Many
relays use an electromagnet to operate a switching mechanism mechanically, but other
operating principles are also used. The first relays were used in long distance telegraph
circuits.

Fig. 4.4: Solid Relay

The traditional form of a relay uses an electromagnet to close or open the
contacts, but other operating principles have been invented, such as in solid-state
relays which use semiconductor properties for control without relying on moving parts.
Relays with calibrated operating characteristics and sometimes multiple operating coils
are used to protect electrical circuits from overload or faults; in modern electric power
systems these functions are performed by digital instruments still called protective relays.

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4.2.4 TRANSFORMER:
It is an electrical device which transfers the power from one winding to the other
winding with isolation. All the electronic gadgets work for less voltage (normally 3V to
12V). So a step down transformer is used, whose function is to step down the AC voltage
from 230V to required voltage depending on the need. In this project 12V-0-12V is used.
The output of transformer is 12V AC which is connected to the diodes for rectification.

A. RECTIFIER CIRCUIT:
It employs diodes, which converts AC voltage into DC voltage. The output of
rectifier circuit is not a pure DC. It also consists of some AC components, which is called
ripples. In order to remove these AC components, filter circuits are employed. So the
output of rectifier circuit is fed to the filter circuit (capacitor).

B. FILTER CIRCUIT:
Filter circuit employs electrolytic capacitors in order to remove the AC
components. As we know the capacitor does not allow DC components to pass through it
because it offers high reactance to the DC component. And offers less reactance to the
AC component, so all AC components will be bypasses through the capacitors to ground.
C. REGULATOR:
Regulator is an electronic circuit whose function is to keep output always constant
though the input is varied. In this project the three terminal IC regulators of 7812 & 7805
is used for providing output DC voltages. E.g. 7809, the number 78 represents the
positive regulator IC and 09 represents the output voltage i.e. output is 12V.

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CHAPTER 5
HTML - HYPER TEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the standard markup language for

documents designed to be displayed in a web browser. It can be assisted by technologies
such as Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and scripting languages such as JavaScript.

Web browsers receive HTML documents from a web server or from local

storage and render the documents into multimedia web pages. HTML describes the
structure of a web page semantically and originally included cues for the appearance of
the document.

HTML elements are the building blocks of HTML pages. With HTML

constructs, images and other objects such as interactive forms may be embedded into the
rendered page. HTML provides a means to create structured documents by denoting
structural semantics for text such as headings, paragraphs, lists, links, quotes and other
items. HTML elements are delineated by tags, written using angle brackets.

Tags such as <img /> and <input /> directly introduce content into the page.

Other tags such as <p> surround and provide information about document text and may
include other tags as sub-elements. Browsers do not display the HTML tags, but use them
to interpret the content of the page.

5.1 HTML TAGS, STYLES, ATTRIBUTES

In this section we will discuss on components of HTML language such as,
I. HTML Tags
II. HTML Styles
III. HTML attributes
5.1.1 HTML TAGS
HTML tags are element names surrounded by angle brackets:
<tag name>content goes here...</tag name>
 HTML tags normally come in pairs like <p> and </p>

 The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag

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 The end tag is written like the start tag, but with a forward slash inserted before
the tag name.
Basic structure of HTML program is explained by following example,
 The <!DOCTYPE html> declaration defines this document to be HTML5

 The <html> element is the root element of an HTML page

 The <head> element contains meta information about the document

 The <title> element specifies a title for the document

 The <body> element contains the visible page content

 The <h1> element defines a large heading

 The <p> element defines a paragraph

 The start tag is also called the opening tag, and the end tag the closing tag.

 The purpose of a web browser (Chrome, IE, Firefox, Safari) is to read HTML
documents and display them. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but
uses them to determine how to display the document.

Step1: write the code in notepad and save it in .html

Fig. 5.1: Screenshot for a sample HTML program

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Step 2: Run the code in any browser like chrome, safari, fire fox exc.

Fig. 5.2: Screenshot of sample HTML program output on browser

5.1.2 HTML ATTRIBUTES

 All HTML elements can have attributes

 Attributes provide additional information about an element

 Attributes are always specified in the start tag

 Attributes usually come in name/value pairs like: name="value"

Following sections we shall consider execution of simple HTML code and its
output to illustrate attribute concepts.
a. PROGRAM TO ALLIGN A DATA

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Fig. 5.3: Screenshot for a sample HTML program to align data

b. PROGRAM TO CREATE A FORM

Fig. 5.4:Screenshot for a sample HTML program to create a form

c. PROGRAM TO SELECT OPTIONS USING RADIO AND CHECK
BUTTONS

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Fig. 5.5: Screenshot for a sample HTML program to check buttons

5.2 CSS TUTORIAL

CSS is a language that describes the style of an HTML document. CSS describes
how HTML element should be displayed.

5.2.1 HTML BACKGROUND COLOR

The background-color property defines the background color for an HTML
element. This example sets the background color for a page to powder blue:
Example:
<body style="background-color:powderblue;">
<h1 style="color:white;">This is a heading</h1>
<p style="color:white;">This is a paragraph.</p> </body>
Step 1: write a simple code using HTML style attributes

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Fig. 5.6:Screenshot for a sample HTML program for style attributes

Step 2: output for this code using HTML style attributes we get as follow.

Fig. 5.7: Screenshot for a sample HTML program for style attributes

5.3 TYPES IN CSS

5.3.1 INLINE CSS
o It contains the CSS property in the body section attached with element is known
as inline CSS.
o This kind of style is specified within a HTML tag using style attribute.
o This can be used when a single HTML document must be styled uniquely.

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Fig. 5.8: Screenshot for an sample HTML program for inline CSS
5.3.2 INTERNAL CSS
o Internal style sheet is used to unique style for a single document.
o It is defined in <head> section of the HTML page inside the <style> tag.

Fig. 5.9: Screenshot for sample HTML program for internal CSS
5.3.3 EXTERNAL CSS
External CSS is a file that contains only CSS code and is saved with a “.CSS” file
extension. This CSS file is then referenced in our HTML using the <link> instead of
<style>. In External CSS we create a .css file and use it in our HTML page as per our
requirements. Generally external Cascading Style Sheets are used whenever we have
many HTML attributes and we can use them as required; there is no need to rewrite the

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CSS style again and again in a complete body of HTML that inherits the property of the
CSS file. There are two ways to create a CSS file. The first is to write the CSS code in
Notepad and save it as a .css file, the second one is to directly add the style sheet in our
Solution Explorer and direct Visual Studio to use it on our HTML page.

Fig. 5.10: Screenshot for an sample HTML program for external CSS

CHAPTER 6

RASPBERRY PI MICROCONTROLLER
The Raspberry Pi is series credit card sized single board computer that plugs into a
computer monitor and TV. Python is a programming language which is used to Interface
raspberry pi.
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Fig.6.1: Raspberry Pi

The above Fig.5.1 shows the Raspberry Pi is a series of small single-board

computers developed in the United Kingdom by the Raspberry Pi Foundation to
promote teaching of basic computer science in schools and in developing countries. The
original model became far more popular than anticipated, selling outside its target
market for uses such as robotics. It does not include peripherals (such
as keyboards and mice) and cases. However, some accessories have been included in
several official and unofficial bundles.
Features of raspberry pi microcontroller
 Ultra low-cost (model A$25, Model B $35).

 Ultra low-power ~1W.

 Credit-card sized, fanless, instant start-up.

 Complete easy-to-program computer

 Operating System:-Fedora, Raspbian, Desbian Arch Linux ARM.

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 Hardware:- Ethernet socket, HDMI socket, USB socket, RCA video socket, SD
card socket, micro USB socket, audio out jack, Header footprint for camera
connection.

 256 MB SDRAM Memory

6.1 INTERFACING USING RASPBERRY PI MICROCONTROLLER

Interface a Raspberry pi with an Arduino, so that two boards can communicate
with one another sometimes you may need to connect an arduino to Raspberry pi. If you
have sensors, motors and actuators, you can connect these to the arduino and make the
arduino send values to and from the Raspberry pi.

6.1.1 INTERFACING LED

A light emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits visible light
when an electric current passes through it.
Components Required for interfacing a LED are,
 Raspberry pi model

 LED

 330 ohm Resistor

 Connecting wires

 Computer

 Ethernet cable

 Power supply

 The anode of the LED is connected to GPIO (general purpose input/output)pin

through a 330 ohm current limiting resistor. The cathode of the LED is connected
to the GND Pin.

 The GPIO pins will act as source and provides with 3.3V when it is activated.

 The GPIO pin is made HIGH and LOW to trun ON and OFF LED. This process
kept on loop so that we get effect of blinking LED.

6.1.2 What I need to get started

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Table 6.1. Comparison on components required for implementation

6.1.3 GPIO PINS

Fig. 6.2:Detailed daigram of GPIO pins

Steps involved in writing the python software to blink the LED

 Import RPI.GPIO as GPIO #import Raspberry pi GPIO library.

 From time import sleep #import the sleep function from the time module.

 GPIO Set warnings (False) # ignore warning for now.

 GPIO Set mode (GPIO.BOARD) # Use physical pin numbering.

 GPIO Setup (8, GPIO OUT).

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Fig. 6.3: LED Blinking Using Raspberry Pi Block Diagram

6.2 BLOOD AND BED BOOKING

 Over here, we are using a Raspberry Pi board along with the relevant modules and
switches to create a simple home automation project.

 Applications:-

 Public can make online reservation on their desired session and date.

 The blood centers administrators can manage their appointments by approve or

reject the appointments.

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Fig.6.4: Setup of an blood and bed booking

Fig. 6.5: Front end design

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CHAPTER 7
NON-TECHNICAL OUTCOMES

The non-technical outcomes that an internship will teach are:

 Exercising Leadership

 Behaving Professionally.

 Behaving ethically.

 Listening effectively

 Addressing colleagues and superiors appropriately.

 Allocating time effectively.

 Teaching others.

 Adapting effectively to changing conditions.

 Participating as a member of a team.

 Developing appropriate work place attitudes.

 Understanding and managing personal behavior and attitudes.

Teamwork: Teamwork is such an important aspect of running successful company

and my internships have taught me how to do this on a business level. Teamwork is the
ability to work well with other people and be adaptable in order to deal effectively with
the demands placed on team, which I have achieved to an expected extent. Employers
will ask us to demonstrate this skill in our application by working with other people and
cooperating with them to get the best result.

Verbal communication: Good verbal communication skills are essential in all areas
of business. We need to be able to give clear direction and listen to other workers and
customers carefully to ensure that what is done in the workplace is exactly what is
needed.

Skills: Aim of the internships teaches us are the skills we need to work in that field. I
learned how to take a company’s value, needs, and voice. I got opportunity to learn new
technologies like IOT and I learnt few languages like embedded c and python. I learnt

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about my strengths and weakness by creating learning objectives and receiving feedback
from our senior’s engineers.

CHAPTER 8

CONCLUSION

This internship has been an excellent and rewarding experience. I have been able
to meet and network with so many people that I am sure will be able to help me with
opportunities in the future. I learnt verbal communication, non-verbal communication,
problem solving, time management skills, observation, self-motivation and time
management. I learnt to motivate myself by getting encouragement from senior staff in
the office.
When I first started I did not think that I was going to be able to make myself sit
in an office for eight hours a day, five days a week. Once I realized what I had to do I
organized my day and work so that I was not overlapping or wasting my hours. During
task given by company, I interacted with my interns and senior engineers to determine the
problems. As well internship indirectly helps to improve my communication skills, and
strengthening as well when communicating with others. During my internship period, I
have received advice from senior engineers and technician when mistakes were made, I
took their advices in positive way to improve my carrier.

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CHAPTER 9
KNOWLEDGE GAIN

DATE DAY WORKDONE

09-07-2019 Monday Introduction of the company by CEO Mohammed Atha
H K,CEO Inventeron Company about internship.
10-07-2019 Tuesday Introduction to Internet of Things and Embedded
system, Installation of software which we are used.
11-07-2019 Wednesday Basic concepts involved in C-programming and we
learnt about data structure in C.
12-07-2019 Thursday We learnt to write a program in C using some control
statements and defined functions.
13-07-2019 Friday We learnt How to Interface an 1851 microcontroller
and done a mini project on LED blinking.
14-07-2019 Saturday Executed a program for Traffic signal controller and
learnt about the different types of sensors.
16-07-2019 Monday Brief introduction about Internet of Things and new
programming languages to create a web page using
HTML and CSS.
17-07-2019 Tuesday We create a simple web page like login form, to align a
data using HTML programming language.
18-07-2019 Wednesday We designed a HTML created web page using
Cascaded style sheet programming language.
19-07-2019 Thursday We learnt different types of CSS which we are used
these types to design a web page.
20-07-2019 Friday Assignment submission about HTML and CSS with
written and executed code.
21-07-2019 Saturday Brief introduction about server and a small group
discussion with the company staff.
23-07-2019 Monday We learnt about local server and global server which
provided by our internship company.
24-07-2019 Tuesday We learnt very importantly how to upload a files,
photos, and passwords to the global server which was
provided by our company.
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25-07-2019 Wednesday We store the files in the database and link the
passwords which were created using HTML using PHP
server.
26-07-2019 Thursday We learnt to write a basic python code to interface in
Raspberry pi Microcontroller.
27-07-2019 Friday Learnt about the rules involved to write an python code.
28-07-2019 Saturday Brief overview of a week and guidelines about for how
to prepare an aptitude test by a Resource person of their
own company.
30-07-2019 Monday Brief explanation about Raspberry pi Microcontroller
and VNC viewer software.
31-07-2019 Tuesday Completed a project to Interface a Raspberry pi
microcontroller with LED, buzzer and Relay.
01-08-2019 Wednesday Guidelines by H R of the company
02-08-2019 Thursday Guidelines to our project which we have to be done and
the guidelines by the expertise.
03-08-2019 Friday Writing a code of our own python code depending upon
our project and interfacing using raspberry pi
Microcontroller.
04-08-2019 Saturday Send off function by our company

This internship has been a excellent learning experience for us. During the
internship I get meet new students from different colleges. I learnt most importantly time
management and team work.
Our internship company provided us good hands-on experience on IOT and
embedded system very well. They thought us new programming language like HTML
and CSS within a short interval of time. I was able to create a web page using these
languages and get insights of the same in terms of its application.
Company taught us to use global server which was purchased by Inventeron
company. I learnt to handle things about server, also performed tasks like how to upload
the files to the database, how to fetch it and how to use it.
Finally I learnt how to use raspberry pi board which is used for different
application. This will definitely help in my final year project.

REFERENCE
https://inventeron-iot.com
www.raspberrypi.org
https://store.cpanel.net

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ATTENDANCE CERTIFICATE

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