Syllabus

 Intellectual Property Law

INTRODUCTION

 I.             General Principles of Intellectual Property System

 II.            Sources of Intellectual Property Law

 A.           1987 Philippine Constitution

1.    Article XII, Secs. 6, 14   

2.    Article XIV, Secs. 10 - 18

 B.           Treaties/Conventions and International Agreements

 1.    World Trade Organization’s Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
(TRIPS Agreement)

      Tañada vs. Angara, 272 SCRA 18

a.    Art. 1 (Nature and Scope of Obligation)

Readings:

b.    Article 3 (National Treatment)

c.    Article 4 (Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment), TRIPS Agreement 

 2.    WIPO Administered Treaties/Conventions

a.    Paris Convention for the  Protection of Intellectual Property       

b.    Patent Cooperation Treaty

c.    Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works

d.    Rome Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting
Organization
e.    WIPO Copyright Treaty

f.     WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty

g.    Protocol Relating to the Madrid Agreement Concerning    the International Registration of Marks
(Madrid Protocol)   

C.           Laws

 1.    Civil Code of the Philippines

a.    Article 712

b.    Article 521

2.    Republic Act No. 8293, Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines 

3.    Other Special Laws

III.          Intellectual Property Rights in General

A.           Intellectual Property Rights

B.           Differences between Copyrights, Trademarks and Patent

Pearl & Dean v. Shoemart,  409 SCRA 231 (2003)

Kho vs. Court of Appeals,  G.R. 115758, March 1, 2002

C.           Other Intellectual Property Rights

Air Philippines v. Pennswell, Inc., G.R. No. 172835, December 13, 2007.

IV.          Copyrights

A.           Basic Principles, Sections 171, 172.2, 175 and 181

ABS-CBN v. Phil. Multi-Media, G.R. No. 175769-70, January 19, 2009.

Star Athletica, L.L.C. v. Varsity Brands, Inc., et al., 580 U.S. ___ (2017).

B.           Copyrightable Works

1.    Original Works (Sec. 172 and 218 of IP Code)

ABS CBN vs. Felipe Gozon,  G.R. No. 195956 (March 11, 2015)  

Filipino Society of Composers v. Benjamin Tan, 148 SCRA 461 (1987)

Unilever Philippines (PRC) v. CA,  GR No. 119280, 10 August 2006

Manly v. Dadodette, G.R. No. 165306.  September 20, 2005

2.    Derivative Works (Sec. 173 of IP Code)

C.           Non-Copyrightable Works (Sec. 175 of IP Code)

Baker v. Selden, 101 U.S. 99 (1879)

Feist Publications, Inc., v. Rural Telephone Services, 499 U.S. 340 (1991)

Joaquin v. Drilon, 302 SCRA 225 (1999)

Pearl & Dean v. Shoemart, 409 SCRA 231 (2003)

Ching v. Salinas, G.R. No. 161295, June 29, 2005, 462 SCRA 241

Olano et. al. v. Lim Eng Co, G.R. 195835, April 20, 2016

D.           Rights of Copyright Owner (Sec. 177 of IP Code)

Kirtsaeng v. John Wiley & Sons, 568 U.S. __ (No. 11-697, March 19, 2013)

E.           Rules on Ownership of Copyright (Sec. 178 of IP Code)

F.            Limitations on Copyright (Sec. 184 of IP Code of IP Code)

1.    Doctrine of Fair Use (Sec. 185 of IP Code)

ABS CBN vs. Felipe Gozon,  G.R. No. 195956 (March 11, 2015)  

Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc., 464 U.S. 417 (1984)

Harper & Row v. Nation Enters., 471 U.S. 539 (1985)

G.           Copyright Infringement (Sec. 216 and 217 of IP Code)

2.    Technological Protection Measures

Habana v. Robles, 310 SCRA 511 (1999)

MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd., 545 U.S. 913 (2005)

Lenz v. Universal Music Corp., 801 F.3d 1126 (2015)

V.           Trademarks

A.           Definition of Marks, Collective Marks, Trade Names (Sec. 121 of IP Code)

B.           Acquisition of Ownership of Mark (Sec. 122 of IP Code)

Berris Agricultural Co., v. Abyadang, G.R. No. 183404, October 13, 2010

Shangri-La International v. Developers Group, G.R. 159938, March 31, 2006

Ecole De Cuisine Manille v. Le Cordon Bleu Int'l.,  G.R. No. 185830, June 5, 2013

C.           Acquisition of Ownership of Trade Name (Sec. 165 of IP Code)

D.           Non-Registrable Marks (Sec. 123 of IP Code)

Matal, Interim Director, United States Patent and Trademark Office v. Tam, 582 U.S. ___ (2017).

1.    Spectrum of Distinctiveness

Abercrombie & Fitch v. Hunting World, 537 F.2d 4 (2d Cir. 1976)

2.    Secondary Meaning (Sec. 123.2 of IP Code) and Fair Use

Zatarains v. Oak Grove, 698 F.2d 786 (5th Cir. 1983).

Shang Properties Realty Corporation, et al v. St. Francis Development Corp., G.R. No. 190706, July 21,
2014.

E.           Is Prior Use of a Mark a Requirement? (Sec. 124.2 cf. Sec. 151.1 (c), Sec. 159.1 of IP Code)

E.Y. Industrial Sales, Inc. et.al. v. Shendar Electricity and Machinery Co. Ltd., G.R. No. 184850, 20
October 2010.

F.            Tests to Determine Confusing Similarity between Marks

Nestle v. CA, G.R. No. 112012, April 4, 2001

2.    Holistic Test

Emerald v. CA, G.R. 100098 (1995)

G.           Well-Known Marks (Sec. 123.1(e), 147.2, Sec. 2, Rule 18, A.M. No. 10-3-10-SC)

La Chemise La Coste v. Fernandez, 129 SCRA 373

In-N-Out Burger vs. Sehwani, G.R. No. 179127, December 24, 2008 

H.           Rights Conferred by Registration (Sec. 147 of IP Code)

Developer’s Group of Companies, Inc. v. CA, G.R. No. 114802, June 21, 2001.

Gemma Ong v. People of the Philippines, G.R. No.169440, November 23, 2011.

I.             [Fair] Use by Third Parties of Names, etc. Similar to Registered Mark (Sec. 148 of IP Code)

New Kids on the Block v. News America Publishing, 971 F.2d 302 (9th Cir. 1992)

J.            Infringement and Remedies (Sec. 155 to 158 of IP Code)

1.    Trademark Infringement

2.    Damages

3.    Requirement of Notice

K.           Unfair Competition and False Designation of Origin (Sec. 168 to 169 of IP Code)

McDonald’s Corp. vs. L. C. Big Mak, GR 143993, August 18, 2004

Coca-Cola Bottlers, Phil. Vs. Quintin Gomez, G.R. 154491, November 18, 2008

Chester Uyco, et. Al. vs. Vicente Lo,  G.R. 202423, January 28, 2013 

Kenneth Roy Savage et. al. v. Judge Taypin, G.R. 134217, May 11, 2000 

L.            Trade Names or Business Names (Sec. 165 of IP Code)

Coffee Partners, Inc. vs. San Francisco Coffee  (G.R. No. 169504, 3 March 2010
 

VI.          Patents

A.           Patentable Inventions (Sec. 21 of IP Code)

Diamond v. Chakrabarty, 447 U.S. 303  

B.           Non-Patentable Inventions (Sec. 22 of IP Code)

Association for Molecular Pathology v. USPTO (The Myriad Case), 569 U.S. 12

D’Arcy v Myriad Genetics Inc  [2015] HCA 35

Alice Corp. v. CLS Bank International,  573 U.S. ___ (2014)

C.           Patentability Requirements

1.    Novelty (Secs. 23 and 24 of IP Code)

Manzano vs. CA,  278 SCRA 688

Maguan vs. CA, 146 SCRA 107 

Frank vs. Kosuyama,  59 Phil 206

 a.    Non-prejudicial Disclosure (Sec. 25 of IP Code)

 2.    Inventive Step (Sec. 26 of IP Code)

Aguas vs. De Leon,  111 SCRA 238

 3.    Industrial Applicability (Sec. 27 of IP Code)

D.           Ownership of a Patent 

1.    Right to a Patent (Sec. 28 of IP Code)

2.    First-to-File Rule (Sec. 29 of IP Code)

3.    Inventions Created Pursuant to a Commission (Sec. 30 of IP Code) 

4.    Right of Priority (Sec. 31 of IP Code)

 
E.           The Application

1.    Disclosure and Description (Sec. 35.1 of IP Code)

2.    The Claims (Sec. 36 of IP Code)

3.    Confidentiality (Sec. 45 of IP Code)

4.    Mandatory Publication (Sec. 44 of IP Code)

5.    Inchoate Right (Sec. 46 of IP Code)

F.            Grounds for Cancellation of a Patent (Sec. 61 of IP Code)

G.           Remedy of the True and Actual Inventor (Secs. 67 and 68 of IP Code)

H.           Rights Conferred by a Patent (Sec. 71 of IP Code)

I.             Limitations of Patent Rights (Sec. 72 of IP Code)

1.    Prior User (Sec. 73 of IP Code)

2.    Use by the Government (Sec. 74 of IP Code)

J.            Patent Infringement (Sec. 76 and 78 of IP Code)

1.    Tests in Patent Infringement

                                        a.    Literal Infringement (Sec. 75.1 of IP Code)

                                        b.    Doctrine of Equivalents (Sec. 75.2 of IP Code)

2.    Defenses in Action for Infringement (Sec. 81 of IP Code)

K.           Licensing

1.    Voluntary (Sec. 85, 87, and 88 of IP Code)

2.    Compulsory (Sec. 93 of IP Code)

L.            Assignment and Transmission of Rights (Sec. 104 and 105 of IP Code)