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Urbanization and Migration Solutions

Urbanization and rural-urban migration is a complex issue facing many developing countries. As populations grow, more people are moving from rural areas to cities in search of economic opportunities. The UN estimates that for the first time in 2009, more people globally lived in urban rather than rural areas, and this urban majority will continue to widen. While cities can foster economic development through jobs, many face high unemployment as migrants arrive. Governments must consider policies to moderate heavy rural-to-urban migration flows and address unemployment in cities, while also taking advantage of cities' economic potential.

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63 views1 page

Urbanization and Migration Solutions

Urbanization and rural-urban migration is a complex issue facing many developing countries. As populations grow, more people are moving from rural areas to cities in search of economic opportunities. The UN estimates that for the first time in 2009, more people globally lived in urban rather than rural areas, and this urban majority will continue to widen. While cities can foster economic development through jobs, many face high unemployment as migrants arrive. Governments must consider policies to moderate heavy rural-to-urban migration flows and address unemployment in cities, while also taking advantage of cities' economic potential.

Uploaded by

Sajjad Ahmed Sial
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Urbanization and Rural-Urban Migration

How it is an incentive & How to stop it

One of the most complex and nuanced dilemmas of the development process: the phenomenon of
massive and historically unprecedented movements of people from the rural countryside to the
burgeoning cities of Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
According to a 2013 UN estimate, by 2050 the world population is expected to reach 9.6 billion
people, and nowhere will population growth be more dramatic than in the cities of the
developing world. Indeed, according to estimates by the UN Population Division, for the first
time in human history, in 2009 globally “the number of people living in urban areas (3.42
billion) had surpassed the number living in rural areas (3.41 billion).” The global urban majority
is now widening with each passing year.1
After reviewing trends and prospects for overall urban population growth, we examine in this
chapter the potential role of cities—both the modern sector and the urban informal sector—in
fostering economic development. We then turn to a well-known theoretical model of rural-urban
labor transfer in the context of rapid growth and high urban unemployment. In the final section,
we evaluate various policy options that governments in developing countries may wish to pursue
in their attempts to moderate the heavy flow of rural-to-urban migration and to ameliorate the
serious unemployment problems that continue to plague their crowded cities. We also examine
how the great potential dynamism and productivity of developing cities can be better harnessed
for rapid and more inclusive economic development.

Table A3: Population and Labour Force (millions)


Pakista 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2017-18
n
Total 158.2 163.7 167.2 170.3 174.4 181.7 185.4 189.2 206.6
Populat
ion
Urban 52.5 54.9 56.1 57.3 58.5 61.3 64.6 65.8 75.4
Rural 105.7 108.8 111.1 113.0 115.9 120.4 120.8 123.4 131.2
Populat 90.5 93.1 95.9 97.4 102.1 107.5 108.0 110.2 122.2
ion
(15+)
KPK 12.3 12.5 12.9 12.9 13.8 14.7 14.1 14.5 17.6
Punjab 52.2 54.2 55.9 56.8 59.0 61.7 62.3 63.5 70.0
Sindh 22.1 22.4 23.1 23.8 25.2 26.4 26.0 26.6 29.5
Balochi 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.9 4.1 4.7 5.6 5.6 5.1
stan
Labour 47.5 48.8 50.9 52.2 54.5 57.1 57.3 58.6 63.4
force
(15+)
KPK 5.4 5.9 6.1 6.0 6.3 6.5 6.3 6.4 7.5
Punjab 29.1 29.2 30.4 31.6 32.8 34.2 35.1 35.5 38.6
Sindh 11.0 11.7 12.3 12.6 13.3 14.0 13.2 13.7 14.7
Balochi 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.4 2.7 3.0 2.5
stan

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