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HW#3 - New 01

This document contains 4 problems related to fluid mechanics: 1. Estimating the rate of entropy generation per unit volume for Couette flow between two parallel plates with a temperature difference imposed between the plates. 2. Analyzing heat transfer from a wall to a thin liquid film flowing down an incline, and determining the temperature distribution in the film. 3. Deriving an expression for local Nusselt number along a flat wall using an integral method, for both low and high Prandtl number fluids. 4. Analyzing the effects of wall heating on shear force and power dissipation for laminar flow over a flat plate, and determining conditions for power savings from wall heating to exceed electrical

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135 views2 pages

HW#3 - New 01

This document contains 4 problems related to fluid mechanics: 1. Estimating the rate of entropy generation per unit volume for Couette flow between two parallel plates with a temperature difference imposed between the plates. 2. Analyzing heat transfer from a wall to a thin liquid film flowing down an incline, and determining the temperature distribution in the film. 3. Deriving an expression for local Nusselt number along a flat wall using an integral method, for both low and high Prandtl number fluids. 4. Analyzing the effects of wall heating on shear force and power dissipation for laminar flow over a flat plate, and determining conditions for power savings from wall heating to exceed electrical

Uploaded by

Gaga852
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Problem 1: Consider the Couette flow between two parallel plates separated by a gap of

width D and moving relative to one another with a speed U. The temperature difference T is
imposed between the two plates. Estimate the rate of entropy generation per unit volume in
this flow. What relationship must exist between D, U, T, and the fluid properties  (myu) and k
¢¢¢ to be dominated by the irreversibility due to fluid friction? (20 points)
for Sgen
k m
2 (
¢¢¢ = ÑT ) + f
2
Sgen
T T

Problem 2: Consider the thin liquid film flow on an incline discussed in P.3 in HW #2. Attach
the Cartesian system of coordinates (x , y) and (u , v) to the wall, such that x and u point in the
flow direction. Use the velocity distribution determined in part of (a) of the problem and let ‘U’
be the undetermined free surface velocity at y = δ , where δ is the film thickness. Note that ‘U’
is undetermined because the film flow rate can be varied at will.

Consider the heat transfer from the wall to the liquid film in the case where film and wall
temperature is T0 everywhere upstream of x = 0, and where the wall temperature alone is
raised to T0 + ΔT downstream of x = 0. Let δT be the thermal boundary layer thickness of
the thin liquid region in which the wall heating effect is felt. Based on scale analysis,
demonstrate that immediately downstream from x = 0 (where δT is much smaller than δ),
the thermal boundary layer thickness δT scales as [(αδx)/U](1/3) (α is the incline angle).

Determine the temperature distribution in the film based on an integral analysis, assuming
the following temperature profile:

𝑇(𝑥,𝑦) − 𝑇0 𝑦 𝑦
= 1 − (2 ) + ( )2 , 0 ≤ y ≤ δT
∆𝑇 𝛿𝑇 𝛿𝑇

𝑇(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑇0 , δT < y ≤ δ

Note that this integral analysis is valid as long as δT(x) ≤ δ. At what distance x = xi will the
free surface feel the heating effect of the wall (i.e. at what x will δT equal δ)? Devise an
integral analysis to determine the film temperature field T(x,y) downstream from the point
x = xi . (30 points).

Problem 3: Derive the expression for a local Nusselt number along a flat wall with
uniform heat flux using the integral method. Assume the simplest velocity and temperature
profiles (i.e. linear), and you will take advantage of the fact that the flow part of the
problem has already been solved (i.e., δ(x) is known from the following table). Provide
solutions for low and high Pr number fluids. Keep in mind that in this problem T0(x) is an
additional unknown: the necessary additional equation is the definition of
q¢¢ = -k ( ¶T ¶y) y=0 . (30 points)
Problem 4: Consider the laminar boundary layer formed by the flow of 10 C water over a
10 C flat wall of length L. Show that the total shear force experienced by the wall and the
mechanical power P spent on dragging the wall through the fluid is proportional to ν(1/2)
(Greek letter – Nu) . (20 points)
a) The dissipated drag power described above refers to the case in which the wall is as
cold as the free-stream water. Show that if the wall is heated isothermally so that its
temperature rises to 90 C, the dissipated power decreases by 35 percent. In other
𝑃ℎ
words, show that = 0.65, where ‘h’ and ‘c’ refer to the hot- and cold-wall
𝑃𝑐
conditions.
Compare the power savings due to heating the wall (Pc – Ph) with the electrical power
needed to heat the wall to 90 C. How fast must the water flow be so that the savings in
fluid-friction power dissipation become greater than the electrical power invested in
heating the wall? How short must the swept length L be so that the boundary layer remains
laminar while the power savings (Pc – Ph) exceed the heat input to the wall?

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