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/ 41
OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
In this appendix, objective type questions pertaining to Chapters 2 to 10 are given. In all
the chapters, the questions are so framed that the answer for each may be a number, a clause
or J sentence. In case four alternatives are provided, there is one correct answer unless
othBrwise stated in the question
ID TRANSISTORS
1, For a diode, reverse recovery time is defined as the time between the instant diode
current becomes zero and the instant reverse recovery current decays to
(a) zero (b) 10% of reverse peak current Ipyy
(c) 25% of Lang (d) 15% of In
2, In a diode, the cut-in voltage and forward-voltage drop are respectively
(a) 0.7 V,0.7V () 0.7.V,1V
(c) 07: V, 06 V (@) 1V,07V
3. The softness factor fot soft-recovery and fast-recovery diodes are respectively
@) 1,>1 (6). < 1,1
ce) 1,1 @i<1
4, Reverse recovery current in a diode depends upon
(a) forward field current (&) storage charge
(c) temperature (@) PIV
5. Ina BUT,
6. A power MOSFET has three terminals called
(a) collector, emitter and base (b) drain, source and base
_ (©) drain, source and gate (d) collector, emitter and gate
7. As compared to power MOSFET, a BUT has
(a) lower switching losses but higher conduction loss
(6) higher switching losses and higher conduction loss
(c) higher switching losses but lower conduction loss
(d) lower switching losses and lower conduction loss
| 8. Choose the correct statement :
(a) MOSFET has positive temperature coefficient (TC) whereas BUT has negative TC
(b) Both MOSFET and BJT have positive TC
(c) Both MOSFET and BJT have negative TC
(d) MOSFET has negative TC whereas BJT has positive TC
9, Choose the correct statement: :
(a) Both MOSFET and BJT are voltage controlled devices (CDs)
(6) Both MOSFET and BJT are current CDs
|
544 Appendix 545
i (c) MOSFET is a voltage CD whereas BJT is a current CD
(d) MOSFET is a current CD whereas BUT ii voltage CD
10, Secondary breakdown occurs in
(@) MOSFET but not in BUT (by both MOSFET and BJT
(c) BUT but not in MOSFET (d) none of these
11. At present, the state of the art devices are available as under :
BJT
MOSFET J
(a) 1200 V, 800 A 500 V, 140A
(6) 500 V, 140 A 1200 V, 800 A
(e) 800 V, 1000 A 1000 V, 1200 A
(d) 200 V, 140°A 1500 V, 800 A
12. An IGBT has three termizials called
(a) collector, emitter and base (b) drain, source and base
(c) drain, source and gate (@) collector, emitter and gate
18. An MCT has three terminals called
(@) anode, cathode and gate _—(b) collector, emitter and gate
(c) drain, source and base (d) drain, source and gate
14, For the switching waveform shown Fig. Acl in for a
power transistor, the peak instantaneous power loss in
watts is : I
(@) 250 (®) 500
(©) 166.67 (@) 383.33 row
18. For the switching waveform shown in Fig, A-1 for a
power transistor, the average value of switch-on power
Joss at a switching frequency of 10 kHz is (tanta el
(@) 10 0) 2W
(©) 3W @4w Fig. Al
16, Match the devices on the left hand side with the circuit symbols on right hand side.
A
oi
(A) BUT moe 5
c
| ¢
() MOSFET @
s
4
(c) IGBT J
/ a A
g
‘
1c
(D) MCT J
u 546 Power Electronics
. ANSWERS:
1 © a (@) a id) 4 (@) 5. 0) & ©
me 8 (0) % © 10. (©) 1. () 12. (d)
13. (a) 14. (a) 15. (6) 16. A-2;B3:C-4; "1
Pte mets
Pe De ren ve
In Fig. A.2, capacitor C is charged to Vp = 50 V with upper plate positive, Switch S
closed at = 0, Cu.rent through the circuit at 1=0 and final voltage across C are
respectively,
(a) 15 A, 200 V (b) 20 A, 200 V
(e) 25 A, 250 V (d) 15 A, 150 V
Fig. A-2 Fig. A3.
2. In Fig. A2, auppose capacitor C is charged to 50 V with lower plate positive. Switeh
S is closed at t= . Current through the diode at t = 0 and final voltage across C are
respectively
(a) 25 A, 250 V (6) 25 A, 200 V
{c) 20 A, 200 V (d) 15 A, 150 V .
3. In the circuit of Fig. A.3, switch S is closed at t= 0 with i, (0)=0 and v, (0)=9, In
steady-state, uv, equals
(@) 200V (6) 100 V.
(c) zero (d) -100V
4. In Fig. A.4 ; Vi, Vz and Vs are zero centre PMMC voltmeters. The circuit is initially
relaxed. Switch S is closed at ¢=0. In steady state, readings of voltmeters
V,, Vp and Vg are respectively
(a} 100 V, 100 v,-100V (B) 100 V, 0, 200 V
(e) - 100 V, 0, 200 V (d¥ 100 V; 0, 100 V
Seo
* D +f
poov wheels.
Fig. A-4 Fig. AS
5. In Fig. A.S, initial voltage across capacitor is Vp = 50'V with the polarity as shown.
Switeh $ is closed at ¢= 0. In steady state, uc and Up are respectively given by Appendix 547
(a) 400 V, - 200 V (6) 350 V, - 150 V
(c) 200 V,0 (d) 450 V, - 250 V
6. In Fig. AS, if CHB uF and L =0.2 mH, the peak current handled by diode is
(a) 40A (b) 504
(c) 104 (d) 830A
7. In Fig. A.6, initial voltage across capacitor is
¥,=50¥ with the polarity as shown. Switch $ s
closed at t = 0, In steady-state, ve and vp are respec: , er
tively given by \
(a) 400 V, -200V (b) 350, -150V C |e
(c) 200 V,0 (@) 450 V, - 250 V —
8. In Fig. A.6, if C=8 uF and L=0.2mH, the peak Fig. A6
current through diode is given by 7
(a) 404 (6) 50 A
(c) 10A (d) 304
9. In Fig, A7, capacitor C is initially charged with voltage Vo with upper plate positive.
Switch $ is closed at t= 0. At t= O+, v, and i are given by
Ve Vo
@) oR ® -Vo Re
Ve Vo
mC) ~Vo-R d) VoR
Fig. A Fig AS
10. In Fig. A8, capacitor C is initially charged with voltage Vo. Switch S is closed at
+0. In steady state, uc and up are respectively given by
(@) Vo- Vo (b) 0,-Vo
(c) -Vo,0 (d) Von Vo
11, Bach diede in Fig, A. can be described by a cut-in voltage and zero resistance. Ifthe
catsin voltage of diode D1 is 0.2 V and of diode D2 is 0.6 V, the magnitude of current
4, through D1 is .... mA and magnitude of current through D2 is .... mA,
toxa,
wow De
Fig. AD
12, In Fig. A.10, ideal PMMC ammeter M will read Power Electronics
‘S48
(a) zero () 141d A
| (c) 0.707 A @iA
1h tn Fig. A.10, if ammeter M is an ideal MI ammeter, then it will read
(a) 0.707 A : (o) 1414 A
(©) 1.2258 ia .
4 In Fig, A.11, ideal moving iron voltmeters M1 and M2 will respettively read
(a) 141.4 V, 1414V (b) 0,141.49
(©) 0,200 . (@) 141.4 V, 0
na
° °
(y)z005n200¢ @ Nosiniat = Ce 100NF
Fig. A-l Fig. A-A2
15. In Fig. A.12, an ideal moving iron voltmeter M will read
(a) 7.07 (b) 12.25 V
(©) 14.14V (d) 20.0
16. In Fig, A.13, zero-centre and ideal PMMC voltmeters ‘M1 and M2 will read
(a) - 10, 109 (6) 0,10
(©) -10V,707V * @) 10, 707
100.
200sinwt
_ steov
Fig. A-13 Fig. A-14
17, In Fig. A-14, PIV required for the diode is
fa) 300 V (6) 100
() 2009 (@) 400
18. A single-phase one-pulse diode rectifier is feeding an RL load with freewheeling ‘diode
across the load. For ‘conduction angle f, the ‘main diode and freewheeling diode would,
| respectively, conduct for
(@) %n-B (b) 5 B-%
©) Bm (d) B-,%
19. A single-phase full-bridge diode rectifier delivers a Joad current of 10 A, which is.
ripple free. Average and rms values of diode currents are respectively
(a) 10A, 7.07 A (6) 5A, 10A
(ce) 5A, 707A (@) 7.07 A, 5A
20. A single-phase full-bridge diode rectifier delivers a constant load current of 10 A.
t ‘Average and rms values ‘of source current are respectively
(a) 5A, 10A (6) 104, 104
(c) 5A, 5A d) 0,104 Appendix S49
1. A voltage v = 4 sin at is applied to the terminals A and B of the circuit shown in Fig.
A.15. The diodes ate assumed to be ideal. The impedance offered by the cireuit across
the terminals A and B in kilo-ohms is
@5 () 20
(c) 10 (d) none of these
4 > tha
ox ww
1040,
ww
3
Fig. Al5 Fig. A16
22. The peak current through the resistor of circuit of Fig. A.16, assuming the diodes to
be ideal, is -
(a) 12 mA () 4 mA
() 16 mA (d) 8 mA
23. In Fig. A.17, V1 and V2 are zero-centre PMMC voltmeters. When a sin«tSoidal signal
is applied, V2 reads + 20 V. The reading of the voltmeter V1 is ...... volts.
°
° R @ punc@)
Fig. A-I7 Fig. A18
24. For a symmetrical square wave of 800 V peak to peak and for ideal diode, the
voltmeter in Fig. A.18 will read
(a) 200 V (8) 400 V
(c) 800V (d) zero
25. The circuit in Fig. A.19 shows zener-regulated de power supply. The zener-diode is ideal.
‘The minimum value of R down to which the output voltage remains constant is
(a) 272 (6) 459
| (ce) 159 (d) 249
aa ‘00
4 ot,
i ,
leew rev 3a, Liev cot
-| j
' Fig. A19 Fig. A-20
26. In the circuit of Fig. A.20, the 5V zener diode requires a minimum current of 10 mA.
For obtaining a regulated output of 5 V, the maximum permissible load current , is
mA and the minimum power rating of zener diode is ..... W. ,
550 \ Power Electronics
27. Fig. A.21 shows an electronic voltage regulator. The zener diode may be assumed to
require @ minimum curront of 25 mA for satisfactory operation. The value of R
"required for satisfactory operation is ...... ohms.
a2 wv S100,
Fig. A-21 Fig. A-22
28. In the circuit of Fig. A.22, the diode states at the extremely large negative value of
the input voltage u; are
(a) D1 off, D2 off (6) D1 on, D2 off
(e) Dt off, D2 on (d) D1 on, D2 on
ANSWERS
L (@ 2 ©) & @) 4 © 5 6 «) ‘
ah (dd 8. (b) 9. (6) 10. (a) 11, 10 mA,0 12. (d) '
18. (¢) 14 0) 15. (6) 16. (a) 17. @) 18. (b) h
12. © 20. (a) 21. ©) 22, d) 23. -20V 2. (a)
25: 8) 26. 40 mA and 0.05 W 27, 809 28, (b)
Mateae ty
1. The number of p-n junctions in a thyristor is
'
(a) 1 @) 2 ,
(c) 3 (a) 4. i
2. When anode is positive with respect to cathode in an SCR, the number of blocked
p-n junctions ii
@1 @) 2
© 3 @4
‘8. When cathode is positive with respect to anode in an SCR, the number of blocked
p-n junctions is
@1 @)2
© 3 (d) 4.
4. In a thyristor, anode current is made up of
(a) electrons only (b) electrons or holes
(c) electrons and holes @) holes only.
5. A thyristor, when triggered, will change from forward blocking state to conduction
state if its anode to cathode voltage is equal to
(a) peak repetitive off-state forward voltage
(b) peak working off-state forward voltage Appendix S51
t (©) peak working off-state reverse voltage
(@) peak non-repetitive off-state forward voltage,
6.:An SCR can be brought to forward conducting state with gate-circuit open when the
‘applied voltage exceeds
(a) the forward breakover voltage
(®) reverse breakdown voltage
() 15V
(@) peak non-repetitive off-state voltage.
7. A conducting thyristor can be turned-off by ....(decreasing/increasing) the anode cur-
rent...(below/above) the ...datching/holding) current and applying a ...(reverse/for-
ward/zero) voltage across the SCR for a short interval.
8. In a thyristor, holding current is
(a) more than latching current I;
(®) less than I,
(©) equal tol, °'
(@) very small.
9. When a thyristor gets turned on, the gate drive
(a) should not be removed as it will turn-off the SCR
(®) may or may not be removed
(c) should be removed
@ ‘foul he rennved in onder to avo increased insta and higher unstintenperature
10, For normal SCRs, turn-on time is
(a) less than turn-off time, f, (6) more than f,
©) equal to t, (2) half oft,
11. The forward voltage drop during SCR on-state is 1.5 V. This voltage drop
(a) remains constant and is independent of load current
(6) increases slightly with load current
(c) decreases slightly with load current
(d) varies linearly with load current.
12. During forward blocking state, a thyristor is associated with
(a) large current, low voltage
@) low current, large voltage
() medium current, large voltage
(d} low current, medium voltage,
13. In a thyristor, ratio of latching current to holding current is
(@) 04 (6) 1.0
(©) 25 (d) 6.0.
14, On-state voltage drop across a thyristor used in a 250-V supply system is of the order
of
(a) 100-110 V (6) 240-250 V
() 1to15V @d) 05 to 1V.
15. Once SCR starts conducting a forward current, its gate loses control over
{ @) anode circuit voltage only
(b) anode circuit current only
(©) anode circuit voltage and current
(d) anode circuit voltage, current and time, ' Power Electronics
16. In a thyristors
(a) latching current f; is associated with turn-off process and holding current [,; with
turn-on process
(b) both J, and Jy are associated with turn-off process
(e) jis associated with turn-off process and J, with turn-on process
(d) both J, and Jy are associated with turn-on process.
17, The SCR ratings, di/dt in A/ysec and du/dt in VAusec. may vary, respectively, be
tween
(a) 20 to 500, 10 to 100 (&) both 20 to 500
{c) both 10 to 100 (d) 50 to 300, 20 to 500.
18. A thyristor can be termed as
(a) DC switch (8) AC switch
(e) either(a) or (b) (d) square-wave switch,
19. In a thyristor, the magnitude of anode current will
(a) increase if gate current is increased
(&) decrease if yate current is decreased
(c) increase if gate current is decreased
(d) not change with any variation in gate current.
20. Static V-I characteristics of an SCR with different gate drives applied to the gate are
indicated by
(a) Igo > Tg > Igo (8) Vyn > Vgs > Veo
© Pea> Pa > Pro either (a) or 6).
21. Turn-on time of an SCR can be reduced by using a
(a) rectangular pulse of high amplitude and narrow width
(6) rectangular pulse of low amplitude and wide width
(c) triangular pulse .
(d) trapezoidal pulse.
22, Turn-on time of an SCR in series with RL circuit can be reduced by
(@), increasing circuit resistance R
(6) decreasing R
(c) increasing circuit inductance L
() decreasing L.
28. For an SCR with turn-on time of § microsecond, an ideal trigger pulse should have
(a) short rise time with pulse width = 3 usec
(®) long rise time with pulse width =6 psec
(e) short rise time with pulse width = 6 usec
(d) long rise time with pulse width = 8 usec.
24, A forward voltage can be applied to an SCR after its
(a) anode current reduces to zero (b) gate recovery time
(©) reverse recovery time (d) anode voltage reduces to zero.
25. Turn-off time of an SCR is measured from the instant
(a) anode current becomes zero (6) anode voltage becomes zero
(c) anode voltage and anode current become zero at the same time
{d) gate current becomes zero.
26, Turn-on time for an SCR is 10 psec. If an inductance is inserted in the anode circuit,
then the turn-on time will be Appendix . 583
(a) 10 psec 4b} less than 10 psec .
(e) more than 10 sec {d) about 10 psec.
27. In an SCR, anode current flows over a narrow region near the gate during
(a) delay time ty (6) rise timé ¢, and spread time ¢,
(©) tgandt, (d) tg and t,
28, Gate characteristic of a thyristor
(q) is a straight line passing through origin
(6) is of the type V,=a+ b1,
(©) is a curve between V, and I,
(d) has a spread between two curves of V,~1,.
29. The average on-state current for an SCR is 20 A for a conduetion angle of 120°. Its
average on-state current for 60° conduction angle would be
(a) 208 (6) 10A
(c) less than 20 A (d) 40 A.
40. The average on-state current for an SCR is 20 A for a resistive load. If an inductance
of 5 mH is included in the load, then average on-state current would be
(@) more than 20 A (b) less than 20 A
(©) 15 (d) 204.
81. Specification sheet for an SCR gives its maximum rms on-state current as 36 A. This
rms rating for a conduction angle of 120° would be
(a) more than 35 A (6) less than 35 A
(©) 35A (d) 52.5 A.
‘32. Surge current rating of an SCR specifies the maximum
(a) repetitive current with sine wave
(6) non-repetitive current with rectangular wave
(c): non-repetitive current with sine wave
(d) repetitive current with rectangular wave.
38. The di/dt rating of an SCR is specified for its
(c) decaying anode current _—_(b) decaying gate current
(c) rising gate current (d) rising anode current.
94. For an SCR , dv/dt protection is achieved through the use of
(@) RL in series with SCR (b) RC across SCR
(©) L in series with SCR (d) RC in serizs with SCR.
35. For an SCR, di/d¢ protection is achieved through the use of
(a) Rin series with SCR (b) RL in series with SCR
(©) Lin series with SCR (d) L across SCR.
96, The function of snubber circuit connected across an SCR is to
(a) suppress dv/dt(b) increase du/dt
(c) decrease dv/dtd) Keep transient overvoltage at a constant value.
87, The object of connecting resistance and capacitance across gate. circuit is to protect
the SCR gate against
(a) overvoltages (b) do/dt
(©) noise signals (d) overcurrents.
(WFC, or ohms a °C/W) and heat Power Electronies
39, Who string efficiency for n series/parallel connected SCRs is defined, in general, as
j i
40. Practical way of obtaining static voltage equalization in series-connected SCRs is by
the use of
(a) one resistor across the string .
{) resistors of different values across each SCR
(c) resistors of the same value across each SCR
(d) one resistor in series with the string,
41. For series connected SCRs, dynamic equalizing circuit consists of
(a) ‘stor R and capacitor C in series but with a diode D across C
(b) series R and D circuit but with C across R
(e) series R and C circuit but with D across R
(d) series C and D circuit but with R across C.
42, For dynamic equalizing circuit used for series connected SORs, the choice of Cis based
on ,
(a) reverse recovery characteristic
(6) turn-on characteristics
(c) turn-off characteristics
(d) rise-time characteristics.
49. In an UJT, with Vag as the voltage across two base terminals, the emitter potential
at peak point is given by
(a) Yap @) WV
() nVgp+Vp (@) Vp + Vea,
44, An UJT exhibits negative resistance region
(a) before the peak point (b) between peak and valley points
(c)-.after the valley point (d) both (a) and (6).
45. In an UJT, maximum value of charging *esistance is associated with
(a) peak point
(B) valley point
{c) any point between peak and valley points
(@) after the valley point.
46. When an UJT is used for triggering an SCR, the waveshape of the voltage obtained
from UJT circuit is a
(a) sine wave (b) saw-tooth wave
| trapezoidal wave (@) square wave.
41. For an UJT employed for the triggering of an SCR, stand-off ratio m= 0.64 and de
sorrce voltage Vay is 20 V. The UST would trigger when the emitter voltage is
(a) 128V. (6) 13.1V
(@ 10V @ 5v.
48. An SCR can withstand a maximum junction temperature of 120°C with an ambient
turaperature of 75°C If thie SCR has thermal resistance from junction to ambient as
+ 1.5°CAW, the maximum internal power dissipation allowed is
@ 30W @) 60W
(© 80W @) 50W. ‘Appendix 558
bo. In synchronized UJT triggering of an SCR, voltage uv, across capacitor reaches UIT
thresh-hold voltage thrice in each half cycle so that there are three firing pulses
during each half'cycle. The firing angle of the SCR can be controlled
(a) once in each haif cycle () thrice in each half cycle
(c) twice in each half cycle {d) four times in each half cycle.
50. The function of connecting a zener diode in an UST circuit, used for the triggering of
SCRs, is to
(a) expedite the generation of triggering pulses
(b) delay the generation of triggering pulses
(c) provide a constant voltage to UJT to prevent erratic firing
(d) provide a variable voltage to UJT as the source voltage changes.
51. A metal oxide varistor (MOV) is used for protecting
(a) gate circuit against overcurrents
(b) gate cireuit against overvoltages
(c) anode circuit against overcurrents
(d) anode ciréuit against overvoltages.
52, The fanctions of connecting a resistor in series with gate-cathode circuit and a
zenor-diode across gate-cathode circuit are, respectively, to protect the gate cirenit
from
(a) overvoltages, overcurrents _(b) overcurrents, overvoltages
(©) overcurrents, noise signals _(d) noise signals, overvoltages.
53. In a GTO, anode current begins to fall when gate current
(a) is negative peak at time f= 0
(6) is negative peak at ¢ = storage period t,
(c) just begins to become negative at t= 0
(d) is negative peak at t = (¢, + fall time).
54, For a pulse transformer, the material used for its core and the possible turn-ratio
from primary to secondary ate, respectively,
(a) ferrite ; 20:1 : (®) laminated iron ; 1: 1
() ferrite ; 1:2 (d) powdered iron ; 1: 1.
55. The capacitance of a reverse biased junction of a thyristor is 20 picofarad. The
dy
charging current of this thyristor is 4 mA. The limiting value of {7 is ... V/us.
| 56. This question has five subquestions. Amongst the four alternatives provided, one or
more are correct. Write down all the correct answers unambiguously.
56.1. SCR can be turned on by
(a) applying anode voltage at a sufficiently fast rate
(6) applying sufficiently large anode voltage
{c) increasing the temperature of SCR to a sufficiently large value
(@) applying sufficiently large gate current.
56.2. During forward blocking of two series connected SCRs, a th: r!=
t (a) high leakage impedance shares tower voltage
(6) high leakage impedance shares higher voltage
(© low leakage impedance shares higher voltage
(d) low leakage impedance shares lower voltage.
th ‘ Power Electronics
556
56.3. The circuit symbol for a GTO is
" ri a A A
6
bo 6. 6 6.
« K k K
(or (o> « a)
56.4. Thyristors A has rated gate current of 2 4 and thyristor B a rated gate current
of 100 mA.
(a) Ais a GTO and Bis a conventional SCR
(6) B is. a GTO and A is a conventional SCR
(c) A may operate as « transistor
(d) B may operate as a transistor.
56.5. A resistor connected across the gate and cathode of an SCR increases its
(a) dv/dt rating (b) holding current
{c) noise immunity (d) turn-off time.
ANSWERS
Lo 2 @ & @) 40 8 0) & (@)
"7, decreasing, below, holding, reverse 8B (6) 2 @ 10. (a)
w ® 2 ® 13. © 4. 0 1. () 16.
17: } 18. (@) 19. @) 20. (a) 21. (a) 22. @)
28. (0) 24, () 25. (@) 26. (0) a. @) 28. (a)
29. (@) 30. (a) BL. te) 32. (©) 33. (d) 34, (by
85. (6) 98. (@) 37. (¢) 38, ‘CW, Aluminium
39. See, the book 40. ©) 41. ©) 42. @) 8.
44. (6) 45. (a) 46. (b) 47.) 48 (a) 49, (a)
50. © 51. @ 52) 58. 54. (@) 55. 200
B61 (0), (0), 2D 56.2, (),(d) 56.8. (b),(d) 56-4 (@),(0) 56.5. (a), (D), (6)
THYRISTOR
1. For the citcuit shown in Fig. A.23, the conduetion time for
thyristor in microseconds is
{a) 0.393 () 2.646
(©) 25.133 @ 80
2. For the circuit in Fig. A.23, the capacitor voltage after SCR + *
gets self-commutated is soow al
(o) 200 (®) 400 Hout
(c) 300 V (@) 100V -]
$. For the circuit shown in Fig. A.23, the voltage across
thyristor, after it is self-commutated is Fig. A23 Appendix $57
(a) zero + (6) -15V
(c) - 200 V (d) - 400 V
4. For the circuit in Fig. A.23, the peak thyristor current is
(a) 100 A (b) 50A
(c) 400 A (d) 800 A
5. In the circuit of Fig. 4.24, the maximum value of current through thyristors Tl and
_ TA can respectively be
L’R
¥, c
RYN . .
6. For the circuit shown in Fig. A.24, peak value of resonant current is twice the load
current. In case V, = 200 V, the magnitude of voltage across main thyristor, when it
gets turned-off, is ...... V.
' 7, For the eireuit in Fig. A.24, the peak value of current through auxiliary SCR is twice
that through the main SCR, In case V, = 100 V, C=10 pF and load current = 40 A,
the cireuit turn-off time for main SCR is ..... microsecond.
8, In the circuit of Fig. A.25, Cis charged to V, with polarity as shown. Tick the correct
statement/statements from the following = .
(a) In order to turn-off T1, turn on T2
(6) In order to turn-off T2, turn on Tt
“ (e) At the time of turn on of SCR, initial thyristor current is V, 2 + z
: 1 Re
(d) At the time of turn on of SCR, initial thyristor current is V,| 4+ 3
1 Re
Fig. A-25 Fig. A-26
9. In the circuit shown in Fig. A.25, Ry = 50, R,= 1002 and V, = 100 V. The possible
peak values of current through 1 is... A and through T2 is ..... A.
10. In the circuit shown in Fig. 4.26, V, = 200 V, C=4 pF, L = 16 pH and R=209. The
peak value of current through T1 and D can respectively be
(a) 110A, 100 A
@) 10A, 1104
(c) 110A, 10A
@ 100 A, 110 A 358 Power Electronics
11, In the circuit of Fig. A.26, and for the parameters
given in Prob 10, the circuit turn-off time for main
and auxiliary thyristors are respectively ...... us and
ene BS. ‘ 10
12, In the circuit configuration shown in Fig. 27, the ..| ta
circuit turn-off time for main thyristor is 34.657 us, &—-—-——
The value of capacitor C required in this circuit is...
uF.
13. Match the two sides. *
(A) Self-commutation
(B) Complementary commutation
(C) Impulse commutation
(D) Resonant-pulse commutation
ANSWERS
1) 2.) 3.) 4@ 5. @) 6.1732V
7. 21.65 8. (a), (0) 9.4A,5A 10. (a) 11, 80, 12.566 12. 5
13, A34,B91,C43,D 42, Appendix : $39
PHASE CONTROLLED RECTIFIE!
1. A single-phase half-wave controlled rectifier has 400 sin 314 ¢ as the input voltage
and R as the load. For a firing angle of 60° for the SCR, the average output voltage
is
(@) 400/n © 300/n
(©) 240/n @ 200/n.
2. A single-phase one-pulse controlled cireuit has resistance and counter emf load and
400 in 314 ¢ as the source voltage. For a load counter emf of 200 V, the range of
firing angle control is
(a) 30° to 150° (6) 80° to 180°
(c). 60° to 120° (d) 60° to 180°
3. In a single-phase half-wave circuit with RL load, and a freewheeling diode across the
oad, extinction angle B is more than f. For a firing angle a, the SCR and freewheeling
diode would conduct, respectively, for
(@) x-a,8 (b) B-an-a
© x-o,B-% @) x-a,n-B.
4. In a single-phase one-pulse circuit with RL load and a freewheeling diode, extinction
angle B is less than x. For a firing angle o, the SCR and freewheeling diode would,
respectively, conduct for
(a) B—a, 0° (6) n-a,n-B
(c) a, B- oe (d@) B-a, a.
. 5A single-phase full-wave mid-point thyristor converter uses a 230/200 V transformer
with center tap on the secondary side. The P.LV. per thyristor is
(@) 100 @) 1414V
(c) 200 V (d) 282.8 V.
6.-A single-phase two-pulse bridge converter has an average output voltage and power
output of 500 V and 10 kW respectively. The SCRs used in the two-pulse bridge
converter are now re-employed to form a single-phase two-pulse mid-point converter.
This new controlled converter would give, respectively, an average output voltage and
power output of
(a) 500 V, 10 kW (0) 250 V, 5 kW
(c) 250 V, 10 kW (@) 500 V, 5 kW.
7, In a single-phase full converter bridge, the average output voltage is given by
pte 1etn
wif V,, cos 0d 0 wif V,, 0080-40
1 peteey 1 (n/2) +0
© a Vacs ae @ 3 Vga 8-8
8 In a single-phase semiconverter, the average output voltage is given by
1 Lynne
(@) FJ Va cos8-28 ©) FN ayia ¥eoo Od 8
1 1
2 Vy, 608 8+ 8 @e Vy, 0088-48
© nem Del eno
9. In a single-phase full converter, for continuous conduction, each pair of SCRs conduct
for 360 __Power Electronics,
(a) x-@ () x
Oa (d) n+a.
in a single-phase full converter, for discontinuous toad current and extinetion angle
§>m, each SCR conducts for
(a) a (6) B-e
© B (@) +B
11. In a single-phase semi-converter, for continuous conduction, each SCR conducts for
(a (bo) x
(e) a+n ' @) n-o
12. In a single-phase semiconverter, for discontinuous conduction and oxtinction angle
B>, each SCR conducts for
(a) x-a (0) B-a
@o (@) B.
13. In a single-phase semiconverter, for discontinuous conduction and extinction angle
B x, freewheeling diode conduets for
@) o ) B-m
© nto @ B.
16, In a single-phase semiconverter, with discontinuous conduction and extinction angle
<7, freewheeling diode conducts for
@a (&) 2-8
(© B-n (d) zero degree. :
17. Ina single-phase full converter, if « and f are firing and extinction angles respective-
ly, then the load current is
(@) discontinuous if (B—a) x
(©) discontinuous if (B-a)=% — (d) continuous if (B- a) 60°
(c) 6 ffora< 60°
(d) 6 ffor a> 60°.
60.4. In a dual converter, converters 1 and 2 work as under :
(a) 1 as rectifier, 2 a8 inverter
(b) 1 as inverter, 2 as rectifier
f (c) both as rectifiers
(d) both as inverters. Appendix 565
i
60.5. For the same ac voltage and load impedance which of the following statements
about rectifiers are correct ?
(a) The,average load current in a full-wave rectifier is twice that in a half wave
rectifier
(6) The average load current in a full-wave rectifier is x times that in a
half-wave rectifier
(©) Half-wave rectifier will have bigger sized transformer compared to full-
wave rectifier
(d) Half-wave rectifier will have a smaller sized transformer compared to a
full-wave rectifier.
61. This question contains four sub-questions each having two columns. Match every item
on the left side with the most appropriate item on the right side. Give your answers
as shown in the example below ;
Example. (AP) ~ (B)Q)
(HR) 8).
61,1, Single-phase full converter Output voltage waveforms
with 60 Hz supply
(A) R-C (parallel) load
y
(B) Continuous conduction
mode (a)
Co
(C) Resistance load
()
(D) Inverter mode.
61.2. Controlled rectifiers Output voltage expressions
ay,
{A} 1-phase full converter ®) a (1 +ens a)
2V,,
(B) L-phase semiconverter @) = cos a
V,
(C) 3-phase half-wave converter (R) z (1+ cos a)
(D) 3-phase scmiconverter ‘) aS V,, cos '
566 ' Power Electronics
61.3. 50-Hz system measurements Waveforms
" (A) Voltage across an RC (P)
(parallel) load connected
through a full-wave bridge
(B) Instantaneous power @
consumed by a resistor.
positive clamped cireuit.
(D) Instantaneous power s) IAAL
consumed by an R-L circuit ms)
61.4. Controlled rectifiers with 50 Hz supply Output voltage waveforms
(A) 1-phase full converter with (P)
source inductance *
(B) 8-phase full converter
7
ve }
(C) 3-phase semiconverter ®) [ » : [ ~ t f » :
20 30 tims)
Vo! t t :
(D) 8-phase half-wave converter. (S)
©) 5h « 0 20 30 thms)
ANSWERS
Le 2 (a) © 4) 5. (a) 6.)
t.©) 8.) 9, (6) 10. (6) 11. (@) 12. (a)
13.6 14. @) 18. () 16. @) 17. (@) 18. (a)
19, d) 20. (6) 21. ©) 22, () 83. (6) ‘24. (b)
25. (a) 26. (6) 27. @) 28. (@) 28. (0) 80. (6)
31. (@) 32.) 83. () 34. (c) 85. (d) 36. (c)
$7. @) 38, @) 39. (©) 40. (b) 41. @) 42. (©)
43, (b) 4A. (d) 45. (6) 46. (dy 47. (a) 48. (6)
49.0) 50. (d) 81. @) 52. (d) 53. () 54. dh
55. (6) 56. (@) 87. @) 58. (a) 58. () Appendix __ 567
de. 60.2. (b),(c) 60.8. (0), (¢) 60.4. (a), (b) 60.5. (a), (¢)
61.1, (AMS) ; (BYR) ; (CQ) | (DIP) 61.2. (A)(Q) ; (BAR) ; (C48) ; (DMAP?
61.3. (A)(P) ; (B)AR) ; (CH(Q) ; (D)4S) ST (AMR) | (BMS) 5 (CQ) ; (DPD.
eae ei}
1, In de choppers, if 7,, is the on-period and fis the chopping frequency, then output
voltage in terms of input voltage V, is given by
OV, Ton/f (b) Vy-f/T oq
(©) Vi/f Ton (d) Vy-F Ton
2. In de choppers, the waveforms for input and output voltages are respectively
(a) discontinuous, continuous —_(b) both continuous
(©) both discontinupus (d) continuous, discontinuous.
8. In PWM method of controlling the average output voltage in a chopper, the on-time
varied/kept constant) but the chopping frequency is...(varied/kept constant:
4, In FM method of controlling the average output voltage in a chopper, chopping period
is....(varied/kept constant) but on-time is....(varied/kept constant) or off-time
(varied/kept constant).
8. For type-A chopper, V, ia the source voltage, Ris the load resistance and ais the duty
cycle. The average output voltage and current for this chopper are respectively
(a) aV,,a-(V,/R) ) Q-a@V, (1-a) V/R
(©) V,/o, V,/oR id) V/A 0), V4 - OR.
6. A chopper hias V, as the source voltage, R as the load resistance and « as the duty
cycle. For this chopper, rms value of output voltage is
(a) aV, (0) Ya-V,
(© VANE @ Vi-a-v,
7, For a chopper, Vis the source voltage, R is the load resistance and a is the duty
cycle. Rms and average values of thyristor currents for this chopper are
Ve yo Ye Ye ee Me
(@ a Bae (6) ve RY oe
yy,
Ye Me Tea
©) Vago R (d) VI-a@ ya ) V,/R.
8, In de choppers, per unit ripple is maximum when duty eycle ais
(a) 0.2 (b} 0.5
te) OF id) 09.
9. In the cireuit shown in Fig. A-28, 2=5uH and
C=20 uF. C is initially charged to 200 V. After the
switch § is closed at f= 0, the maximum value of cur-
rent and the time at which it reaches this value are,
respectively, L
t (a) 400 A, 15.707 us (6) 50 A, 30 ps
fc) 100 A, 62.828 xe (d) 400 A, 31.414us, J
10. A voltage commutai.d chopper bas the following
parameters : 568 ' Power Electronics
V, = 200 V, Load circuit parameter ; 1 9, 2 mH, 50 V
" Commutation circuit parameters, L = 25 wH, C= 50 nF
Try = 500s, T= 2000 us
For a constant load current of 100 A, the effective on period and peak current through
the main thyristor are respectively
(a) 1000 us, 200 A (6) 700 us, 382.8 A
(c) 700 us, 282.8 A (d) 1000 ps, 382.8 A.
11. For the voltage-commutated chopper of Prob. 10, the turn-off times for main and
auxiliary thyristors are, respectively,
(a) 120 ps, 60 ps (@) 100 ps, 0.5 ps
(e) 120 4s, 85 us (d) 100 ys, 55.54 ps
12. In the current-commutated chopper shown in Fig. A-29, thyristor T1 is conducting a
Joad current. When thyristor TA is.turned off with capacitor polarity as shown the
capacitor current i, would flow through....(thyristor T1/diode D1), because.
oO
Fig. A-29
18,,A load commutated chopper, fed from 200 V de source, has a constant load current of
50 A. For a duty cycle of 0.4 and a chopping frequency of 2 kHz, the value of
Gommutating capacitor and the turn-off time for one thyristor pair are respectively
(@) 25 pF, 50 us @) 50 nF, 50 ps
(©) 25 pF, 25 us @) 5OpF, 25 ps.
14. A de battery is charged from a constant de source of 200 V through a chopper. The
de battery is to be charged from its internal emf of 90 to 120 V. The battery has
internal resistance of 1. For a constant charging current of 10 A, the range of duty
cycle
16. For type-A chopper ; V,, R, I, and a are respectively the de source voltage, load resis
tance, constant load current and duty cycle, For this chopper, average and rms values
of freewheeling diode currents are
(a) alg, VO-Ty (b) (Q- a) 1g VI-@ In
(c) a-V,/R, Yo V,/R @ (-O)1yVE-Iy
16. A step-up chopper has V, as the source voltage and a as the duty cycle. The output
voltage for this chopper is given by
(a) V,(1+9) (@) V,/1.~«)
(© V,Q-9) @ V/0+0). Appendix 569
"17. A de chopper is fed from 100 V de. Its load voltage consists of rectangular pulses of
duration 1 msec in an overall cycle time of 3 msec. The average output voltage and
ripple factor for this chopper are respectively
(a) 25V,1 (6) 50V, 1 (c) 38.33 V, V2 (d) 33.33 V,1
18. When a series LC circuit is connected to a dc supply of V volts through a thyristor,
then the peak current through thyristor is
(@) V- VLE (6) V/NCE,
©) V-VC7E (d) V-NE/C
19. For the arrangement shown in Fig. A-30, the
circuit is initially in steady state with thyris-
tor T off. After thyristor 7’ is turned on, the
peak thyristor current would be
(ay 2A
(c) 404
(b) 224
id) 42.4.
20. In type-A chopper, source voltage is 100 V de,
on-period = 100 us, off-period = 150us and
load RLE consists of R=29, L = 5 mH, E
10 V. For continuous conduction, average out-
200¥ ~~
Fig. A-30
put voltage and average output
(@) 40V, 15 A
{e) 60 V, 25 A
21. Refer to the circuit in Fig. A-31
(a) 200 A
(c) 14144
‘current for this chopper are respectively:
(b) 66.66 V, 28.33 A
(d) 40 V, 20.
. The maximum current in the main SCR M can be
(®) 170.74
(d) 10.7 A.
Fig. A-31
22, Refer to the circuit in Fig. A-31. The maximum turn-off time of the main SCR M to
ensure its proper commutation, in jis, is
(@) 2n (b) an ©) 6x @ br
28, This question has two subquestions. Amongst the four alternatives provided, one or
more are correct. Write down all the correct answers unambiguously.
23.1, In de choppers, if T is the chopping period, then output voltage can be controlied by
PWM by varying
(a) T keeping T,,, constant
(c) Typ keeping T constant
() T,, keeping T constant
@) T keeping Tyy constant 870
23.2.
|
24,
24.1,
24.2.
Power Electronics
In de choppers, for chopping period 7, the output voltage can be controlled by FM by
varying
ia) T keeping 7, constant (b) T keoping Toy constant
(c) Ty, keeping T constant (d) Tzy keeping T constant.
‘Thig question contains two subquestions, each having two columns. Match every item
on the lefi side with the most appropriate item on the right side. Give your answers
as shown in the example below :
Example. (A)-(P) ; (B)-(Q) j (C-{R) 5 (D)-(S).
Chopper configurations | Output Voltage Waveforms
vot
\
ay vole sated cropper ge ST
‘oltage-commutated chopper °
) Be PP oS | 7
vot Ve.
' () — \
(B) Load-commutated chopper °
\e
tn *
o} —
ho}
(C) Current-commutated chopper Y 7 7
(s) ‘
(D) Ideal de chopper
‘Types of choppers
(A) Type-A chopper
(B) Type-B chopper Appendix S71
(C) Type-€ chopper @
(D) Type-D chopper 5
: B
ANSWERS
L@ 2. id) 8, varied, kept constant
4, varied, kept constant, kept constant 5. (a) 6. (6) 7. (c)
8 @) 9 (@) 10. (6) 1. @
12, Thyristor T1, diode D1 is reverse biased by a voltage drop of about 1.5 V across conducting
thyristor T1.
13. (@) 14, 0.5 to 0.65 15. (6) 16. () ‘17. (e)
18. (¢) 19. (6) 20, (a) ‘21. (6) 22. (d) 23.1. (6), ()
23.2. (2), (6) BAL. AH(Q)} BHS) (CHP); OR)
24.2, AHR); BHP); CHS); DH). .
1, If, for a single-phase half-bridge inverter, the amplitude of output voltage is V, and
the output power is P, then their corresponding values for a single-phase full-bridge
inverter are
@ VP @) V,/2,P/2
| (c) 2V,,2P (d) 2V,,P.
2, In voltage source inverters
(@) load voltage waveform vp depends on load impedance Z, whereas load current
waveform iy does not depend on Z
(6) Both vp and ip depend on Z
(©) v9 does not depend on Z whereas iy depends on Z
(@) both vp and ip do not depend upon Z.
| 9: A single-phase full bridge inverter can operate in load-commutation mode in case load
consists of
(a) RL (b) RLC underdamped
(c) RLC overdamped (d) RLC critically damped. 572. Power Electronics
4. A single-phase bridge inverter delivers power to a series connected RLC load with
= 2, wL =8©. For this inverter-load combination, load commutation is possible
in case the magnitude of 1/wC in ohms is .
(ai 10 ) 8
© 6 (a) zero
5. In the half-bridge inverter of Fig. A-32, main thyristor T1 is conducting a load current.
With polarity of the capacitor voltage as shown, when auxiliary thyristor TAI is
turned on, capacitor current i, would flow through (thyristor T1/diode D1) because....
Fig. A-32. Fig. A-33
6 For a 3-phase bridge inverter in 180° conduction mode, Fig. A-33, the sequence of
SCR conduction in the first two steps, beginning with the initiation of thyristor 1, is
+ @) 6,1, 2and 2, 3,1 (®) 2,8, 1 and 3, 4,5
() 3,4,5, and 5, 6, 1 (@) 5,6, 1 and 6, 1,2.
7. For a S-phase bridge inverter in 120° conduction mode, Fig. A-33, the sequence of
‘SCR conduction in the first two steps, beginning with the initiation of thyristor 1, is
(a) 6, land 1,2 (6) 1,2 and 2,3
(ec) 1,6 and 5,6 (d) 1,8 and 8, 4. ‘
8,.1n single-pulse modulation of PWM inverters, third harmonic can be eliminated if
pulse width is equal to
(a) 30° (® 60°
(e) 120° . (d) 150°
9.In single-pulse modulation of PWM inverters, fifth harmonic can be eliminated if
puise width is equal to
fa) 30° (6) 72°
{c) 36° (d) 108°.
10. In single-pulse modulation of PWM inverters, the pulse width is 120°. For an input
voltage of 220 V de, the r.m.s. value of output voltage is
(a) 179.63 V (6) 254.04 V
(ec) 127.02 V (d) 185.04 V.
11. In single-pulse modulation used in PWM inverters, V, is the input de voltage. For
eliminating third harmonic, the magnitude of rms value of fundamental component
of output voltage and pulse width are respectively
Ne av,
(a) 7 v,, 120° &) = 2, 60°
4y,
©) ae V,, 60° (a) 4, 120°. Appendix 573
12, In multiple-pulse modulation’ used in PWM inverters, the amplitudes of reference
square wave and triangular carrier wave are respectively 1 V and 2 V. For generating
5 pulses per half cycle, the pulse width should be
(a) 36° (6) 24°
(e) 18° (d) 12°.
13. In multiple-pulse modulation used in PWM inverters, the amplitude and frequency
* for triangular carrier and square reference signals are respectively 4 V, 6 kHz and 1
V, 1 kHz. The number of pulses per half cycle and pulse width are respectively
(a) 6, 90° (6) 3, 45°
(@) 4, 60° (d) 3, 40°.
14. In sinusoidal-pulse modulation used in PWM inverters, amplitude and frequency for
triangular carrier and sinusoidal reference signals are respectively 5 V, 1 kHz and 1
V, 50 Hz. If zeros of the triangular carrier and reference sinusoid coincide, then the
modulation index and order of significant harmonies are respectively
(a) 0.2, 9 and 11 (@) 04,9 and 11
(©) 0.2, 17 and 19 (@) 0.2, 19 and 21.
Which of the following statement/statements is/are correct in connection with in-
verters:
(@) VSI and CSI both require feedback diodes
(b) Only CSI requires feedback diodes
(©) GTOs can be used in CSI
. (d) Only VSI requires feedback diodes.
16. In a CSI, if frequency of output voltage is f Hz, then frequency of voltage input to CST
is ,
@f @) oF
©) fe @ 3.
17, In sinusoidal-pulse modulation used in PWM inverters, amplitude and frequency of
triangular carrier and sinusoidal reference signals are respectively 5 V, 1 kHz and 1
V, 50 Hz, If peak of the triangular carrier coincides with the zero of the reference
sinusoid, then the modulation index and order of significant harmonics are
(a) 0.2, 9 and 11 (6) 0.4, 9 and 11
(c) 0.2, 17 and 19 (@) 0.2, 19 and 21.
18. In sinusoidal PWM, there are ‘m' cycles of the triangular carrier wave in the half
cyele of reference sinusoidal signal. If zero of the reference sinusoid coincides with
zero/peak of the triangular carrier wave, then number of pulses generated in each
half cycle are respectively
(@) (m-Yy/m () (m-)m-1)
() mim @) m/m-D.
19. In an inverter with fundamental output frequency of 50 Hz, if third harmonic is
eliminated, then frequencies of other components in the output voltage wave, in Hz,
would be
(a) 250, 250, 450, high frequencies
(®) 50, 260, 350, 450
(©) 50, 250, 850, 550
(d) 50, 100, 200, 250.
20. A single-phase CSI has capacitor C as the load, For a constant source current, the
voltage across the capacitor is 874 Power Electronics
(a) square wave (®) triangular wave
(c) step function (d) pulsed wave.
1. A single-phase full bridge VSI has inductor L as the load. For a constant source
voltage, the current through the inductor is
(a) square wave (b) triangular wave
(e) sine wave (d) pulsed wave.
ANSWERS:
1. ©) Be) 8 Oe) 4. (a)
6. thyristor T1, diode D1 is reverse biased by the voltage drop across T1
6. id) 2@ 8 ©) 9 ©) 10. (a) 1. (a)
12, 13. 6) 14. @) 18. @) 16.) 17. (a)
18. @) 19. (¢) 20. (6) 21)
SINGLE-PHASE VOLTAGE CONTROLLI
1. A single-phase voltage controller feeds an induction motor (A) and a heater (B)
(a) In both the loads, fundamental and harmonics are useful
(6) In A only fundamental and in B only harmonics are useful
(c) In A only fundamental and in B harmonics as well as fundamental are useful
(d) In A only harmonics and in B only fundamental are useful.
2. A load resistance of 10 Q is fed through a 1-phase voltage controller from a voltage
source of 200 sin 314 t, For a firing angle delay of 90°, the power delivered to load in
KW, is
(a) 0.5 . (&) 0.75
() 1 (d) 2.
8. A single-phase voltage controller is employed for controlling the power flow from 260
V, 50 Hz source into a load consisting of R = 5 9 and ul = 12.9. The value of maximum
rmé load current and the firing angle are respectively
. 260
(a) 20, 0 ® Fart” x
. 260
(c) 20.4, 90 © Far
4. A load, consisting of R = 10 Q and al = 104, is being fed from 230 V, 50 Hz source
through a 1-phase voltage controller. For a firing angle delay of 30°, the rms value of
load current would be
| aaa wo Ba
@>Ba @ $ (load phase angle) and conduction angle y=1
@) a>gandy
