afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikis umaRlesi sabWo

jemal gamaxaria

wminda aRmsarebeli ambrosi (xelaia)

Tbilisi
2011
UDC(uak)27-36+271.22-726.1
g-19

ibeWdeba misi maRalyovladusamRvdeloesobis

redaqtori: nana kvaracxelia

kompiuteruli momsaxureoba: daviT daraselia

isbn 978-9941-0-3929-4

2
 uwmindesisa da unetaresis sruliad saqarTvelos ka-
Tolikos-patriarqis, mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskopo-
sis, biWvinTisa da cxum-afxazeTis mitropolitis ilia
meoris locva-kurTxeviT 2011 wlis 17 oqtombers
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiisa da afxazeTis avtono-
miuri9 respublikis umaRlesi sabWos organizebiT wminda
samebis sakaTedro taZarSi Catarda gamoCenili sasulie-
ro da sazogado moRvawis, mecnierisa da publicistis, afx-
azeTis (iloris) mkvidris wminda aRmsarebeli ambrosis
(xelaia) dabadebis 150-e wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili sazeimo
sxdoma. eswrebodnen samRvdeloebis, farTo sazogadoeb-
isa da samecniero wreebis warmomadgenlebi.
sazeimo sxdoma gaxsna afxazeTis avtonomiuri respub-
likis umaRlesi sabWos Tavmjdomarem batonma elguja
gvazavam. man xazi gausva wminda aRmsarebeli ambrosis
udides damsaxurebas qarTuli eklesiisa da saxelmwifos,
afxazeTis mravalerovani mosaxleobis, maT Soris afxaz-
Ta winaSe, romlis interesebsac is mudmivad icavda.
sazeimo sxdoma daloca Wyondidelma mitropolit-
ma petrem (caava). misma maRalyovladusamRvdeloesobam
aRniSna, rom saqarTvelos mudam jvarcmuli mefeebi da
patriarqebi hyavda, romelTa Soris erT-erTi yvelaze
sapatio adgili wminda aRmsarebel ambrosis uWiravs.
wminda aRmsarebeli ambrosis cxovrebisa da moR-
vaweobis Sesaxeb vrceli moxseneba warmoadgina istori-
is doqtorma, afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikis umaR-
lesi sabWos prezidiumis wevrma jemal gamaxariam.
wminda aRmsarebeli ambrosis sasuliero, samecniero
da sazogadoebrivi moRvaweobis calkeul aspeqtebze
isaubres mweralma giorgi gaCeCilaZem, profesorebma
oTar Jordaniam, zurab papaskirma, sergo vardosaniZem,
wmindanis Tanamemamulem, oCamCiris mkvidrma, cnobilma
eqimma da sazogado moRvawem zurab Ciqovanma.
sazeimo sxdomis monawileebs miesalma da madloba
gadauxada wminda aRmsarebeli ambrosis SvilTaSvilma,
3
xelovnebaTmcodne ana kldiaSvilma.
sxdomis dasasruls misma monawileebma uwmindes da
unetares ilia meores Semdegi mimarTva gaugzavnes:
„Tqveno uwmindesobav!
gamoCenili sasuliero da sazogado moRvawis wminda
aRmsarebeli ambrosis (xelaia) 150-e wlisTavisadmi
miZRvnili sazeimo sxdoma, iTvaliswinebs ra am didi mam-
uliSvilis cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis ufro safuZvliani
Seswavla-propagandis aucileblobas, mogmarTavT, peri-
odi 2011 wlis 19 oqtombridan 2012 wlis 19 oqtombramde
gamoacxadoT wm. ambrosis wlad.”
miRebulia erTxmad.

4
 maRalyovladusamRvdeloesno qarTuli samociqulo
eklesiis mRvdelmTavarno!
maRalRirsno mamano!
qalbatonebo da batonebo!
saqarTvelos istoriaSi, romelic mniSvnelovanwilad
wmindanebisa da gmirebis istorias warmoadgens, uTvalsaCi-
noesi adgili samudamod daimkvidra gamoCenilma sasulie-
ro da sazogado moRvawem, mecnierma da publicistma, 1921-
1927 wlebSi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma,
uwmindesma da unetaresma ambrosim, eriskacobaSi - besarion
xelaiam. man ganvlo WeSmaritad mowamebrivi, ekliani cxovre-
biseuli gza, romelic soxumis eparqiaSi daiwyo. wm. ambrosis
winaprebi samegrelosa da afxazeTis STamomavlobiTi
mRvdelmsaxurebi iyvnen. 1810-1833 wlebSi senakis mazris sof.
inCxuris (amJamad martvlis r-ni) pirveli wm. giorgis eklesi-
is jer diakoni da mere mRvdeli gabriel xelaia (xelaZe) gax-
ldaT misi didi babua, romlis gardacvalebis Semdeg 1833
wels samegrelos mitropolitma daviT wereTelma,
saqarTvelos egzarqos moiseis (bogdanov-platonovi) Tanx-
mobiT, imave eklesiis mRvdlad daviT gabrielis Ze xelaia -
wm. ambrosis babua akurTxa. XIX s. 30-40 - iani wlebis mijnaze
daviT xelaia da misi Zma, aseve mRvdeli egnate xelaia aR-
moCndnen im sasuliero pirTa Soris, romlebic afxazeTSi
misionerebad gaiwvies. daviTi msaxurobda samurzayanoSi,
egnate - kodorSi, kerZod, sof. eSqeTSi (akvasqaSi). masTan
sasuliero ganaTlebas iRebda ZmisSvili - daviT xelaias um-
crosi vaJi, 1831 wels dabadebuli zosime - wm. ambrosis mama.
daviT xelaias kidev erTi vaJiSvili, 1826 wels dabadebuli
vasili 1846 wlidan moqvis saxelganTqmuli taZris medaviT-
ned msaxurobda. 1851 wlis 15 seqtembers sruliad axalgazr-
da vasil xelaia gardaicvala - gardaicvala im dRes, rode-
sac afxazeTis episkoposma germane gogelaSvilma misi kan-
didatura saqarTvelos egzarqos isidores (nikolski) mo-
qvis samrevlos mRvdlis vakansiaze dasamtkiceblad warud-
gina. gardacvlili Zmis adgili moqvis taZris medaviTnisa
5
1851 welsve zosime xelaiam daikava da 1860 wlamde am istori-
ul sofelSi afxazTa ganaTlebis saqmes emsaxureboda. 1860
wlis 15 ianvars samegrelosa da afxazeTis episkoposma
geronti papitaSvilma zosime iloris wm. giorgis eklesiis
diakvnad, imave wlis 23 ianvars ki mRvdlad akurTxa. am peri-
odidan xelaiebis cxovreba da moRvaweoba iloris wm. gior-
gis eklesias da sofel ilors ukavSirdeba. xelaiebs aq hqon-
daT sakuTari saxl-kari, ilorSia maTi saZvalec. aq arian
dakrZaluli wm. ambrosis babua da bebia (daviT xelaia da
rusudan futkaraZe), mSoblebi - zosime xelaia da mzexa ni-
kolozis asuli (dedis gvari jerjerobiT CvenTvis ucnobia),
meuRle - elizaveta (kesaria) merWule, Zmebi - giorgi da por-
firi, Svili - andria da a.S.
iloris wm. giorgis eklesiis mRvdlis zosime xelaias da
misi meuRlis mzexa nikolozis asulis ojaxSi 1861 wlis 7 (19)
oqtombers daibada ufrosi vaJi besarioni. is daibada sofel
inCxurSi, rac, savaraudod, imaze unda miuTiTebdes, rom
dedam, maSin miRebuli wesisamebr, pirveli Svili sakuTari
mSoblebis saxlSi mouvlina qveynierebas. patara besarioni
ilorSi gaizarda, pirveldawyebiTi ganaTleba ojaxSi miiRo.
1872 wels Zmebma besarionma da giorgim oCamCiris samrevlo
skola daamTavres da swavla martvilis sasuliero saswav-
lebelSi gaagrZeles, romelic 1879 wels warmatebiT daas-
rules. saswavleblis gamgeobis 1879 wlis 9 ivnisis gadaw-
yvetileba besarionisa da giorgis pirvel Tanrigosan kurs-
damTavrebulebad aRiarebis Sesaxeb damtkicebulia imere-
Tis episkoposisa da afxazeTis eparqiis mmarTvelis wminda
mRvdelmTavar gabrielis (qiqoZe) mier. unda aRiniSnos, rom
rogorc ilorSi (1868 da 1870 wlebSi), ise martvilSi (1879w.)
besarion xelaias hqonda wm. mRvdelmTavar gabrielTan Sex-
vedris araerTi SesaZlebloba. am Sexvedrebidan miRebuli
STabeWdileba mas sicocxlis bolomde gahyva. besarion xe-
laias isic kargad axsovda, rom 1879 wels ukve Tbilisis sa-
suliero seminariaSi Caricxulma Zmebma gancxadebas saxelm-
wifo stipendiis daniSvnis Taobaze Tan daurTes ep. gabrie-
lis mier gacemuli Semdegi mowmoba: „mowmoba ese eZleva Cem-
6
gan misive TxovniT afxazeTis eparqiis iloris wm. giorgis
eklesiis mRvdels zosime xelaias imazed, rom siRaribisa da
ojaxis wevrTa mravalricxovnobis gamo ar SeuZlia Tavis
Svilebs besarions da giorgis sakuTari saxsrebiT miaRebi-
nos ganaTleba romelime saswavlo dawesebulebaSi, rasac
xelmoweriTa da beWdiT vamowmeb. q. quTaisi, 1879w. 7 ivnisi”.
1880 wlis 1 maisidan besarions stipendia marTlac daeniSna,
ramac misca saSualeba 1885 wels warmatebiT daemTavrebina
Tbilisis sasuliero seminaria (giorgi mesame klasSi, 1881w.
6 aprils gardaicvala), sadac man safuZvliani ganaTleba mi-
iRo; aqve eziara qarTuli erovnul-gamanTavisuflebeli
moZraobis, didi ilias ideebs.
studentis wodebiT seminariis dasrulebis Semdeg be-
sarioni ilorSi dabrunda, ojaxuri pirobebis gamo iZule-
buli gaxda xeli aeRo ocnebaze sauniversiteto ganaTleb-
is miRebis Sesaxeb, daqorwinda Tanasoflel elizaveta
aleqsis asul merWuleze da maleve Seudga aRmsareblo-
bisken mimaval eklian gzas. soxumis episkoposma genadim
(pavlinski) 1887 wlis 25 marts igi soxumis sakaTedro
taZris diakvnad, 19 aprils ki soWis miqael mTvarangeloz-
is eklesiis mRvdlad akurTxa. aq man 5 weli imsaxura, SeeZ-
ina sami Svili - andria (romelic maleve gardaicvala), nino
da aleqsandre. soWSi msaxurobda besarion xelaia, roca
gazeT „iveriaSi” (1890, 30 aprili) gamoCnda CvenTvis cno-
bili misi pirveli publikacia misioner ambrosi kavkasiZis
gudauTaSi stumrobis Sesaxeb. 1892 wlis 29 seqtembridan
1897 wlis 15 noembramde mama besarioni msaxurobda soxu-
mis sakaTedro taZris mRvdlad, soxumis eparqiis pirveli
olqis anu gudauTis ubnis mTavarxucesad (blaRoCinad),
sakaTedro taZris kandelakad. garda amisa, is gaxldaT
saeparqio saeklesio-arqeologiuri komisiis namdvili
wevri da xazinadari, davrdomil sasuliero pirTaTvis
samzrunvelos wevri da xazinadari, saeparqio sarevizio
komisiis mudmivi wevri, soxumis mTielTa skolis sjulis-
kanonis maswavlebeli, saeparqio saswavlo sabWos saqmism-
warmoebeli anu mdivani, kavkasiaSi marTlmadideblobis
7
aRmdgeni sazogadoebis skolebis zedamxedveli soxumSi,
axal aTonsa da lixnSi, samRvdelo da sadiakvno kandidat-
Ta gamomcdeli komisiis wevri.
soxumis eparqiaSi besarion xelaias moRvaweobis perio-
di daemTxva episkopos gabriel qiqoZis TiTqmis 20 wliani
brwyinvale epoqis dasasruls da rusi mRvdelmTavrebis
TareSis, asimilatorul-Sovinisturi politikis gamkacre-
bis, regionSi yovelive qarTulis akrZalvis, afxazebsa da
qarTvelebs Soris erovnuli SuRlis xelovnurad provo-
cirebis Savbnel xanas. gansakuTrebiT autaneli viTareba
Seiqmna 1895 wlidan, rodesac soxumis kaTedra ukiduresma
Sovinistma arsen izotovma (1895-1905ww.) Caibara. imave 1895
wlis aRdgomaze rusma mRvdelmTavarma soxumis sakaTedro
taZris kandelaks bibliis qarTul enaze wakiTxva aukrZala
im motiviT, rom „aq saqarTvelo ar aris”. amaze besarion xe-
laias pasuxi aseTi iyo: „aq saqarTveloa da ara ruseTi da wir-
va-locvac qarTulad unda iyos”. mama besarioni Tedo sax-
okiasTan, akaki CxenkelTan, anTimoz juRelTan da sxva afx-
azeTel patriotebTan erTad gaerTianebuli iyo Jandarme-
bis mier „qarTul partiad” monaTlul organizaciaSi,
romelic Zlier winaaRmdegobas uwevda SovinistTa Semote-
vas. Sesabamisad gaZlierda misi devna - Seviwroeba rogorc
sasuliero, ise saero mTavrobis mxridan. amas daemata ojax-
uri tragedia - meuRlis gardacvaleba 1896 wels. mama besa-
rioni iZulebuli gaxda meti yuradReba daeTmo mcirewlo-
vani Svilebis aRzrdisaTvis, romelTa Soris umcrosi ana
erTi wlisac ar iyo. mamisa da Zmis, 1895 wlidan wm. giorgis
eklesiis mRvdlis porfir xelaias TanadgomiT besarionma
miiRo gadawyvetileba soxumis eparqiis datovebisa da yaza-
nis sasuliero akademiaSi swavlis gagrZelebis Sesaxeb. 1897
wels is aRniSnuli akademiis studenti gaxda da didi xniT
mouwia soxumis datoveba, sadac is TvalsaCino sasuliero da
sazogado moRvawed Camoyalibda. mogvianebiT, 1918w. 1 se-
qtembers soxumis sakaTedro taZarSi warmoTqmul sityvaSi
man Tavad ase Seafasa aq gatarebuli wlebis mniSvneloba mis
cxovrebaSi: „soxumi CemTvis gansakuTrebiT dauviwyaria. aq
8
aRmexila me pirvelad gonebis Tvali, aq vmsaxurobdi rogorc
moZRvari da kidec TqvenSic vxedav nacnob pirebs, romelT-
anac mqonia sulieri keTili ganwyobileba. aq gavige da Sevigne
Cveni eklesiis monobaSi yofnis autanloba, mdgomareobis
simwvave, - is rom morwmune eri gamefebuli araqristianuli
reJimis gamo Cqaris nabijiT mieqaneboda gaurwmunoebis gza-
ze. aq gadagvareba-garusebis politika ukiduresad iyo
gamefebuli. aq Camesaxa protestis gamocxadebis aucile-
bloba. aqedan - soxumidan iwyeba Cemi ekliani gziT siaruli,
aq iyo dasabami Cemi tanjva-devnuloba-vaeba-ubedurebisa.
magram imasac vgrZnob, rom soxumi iyo agreTve dasabami Cemi
axlandeli SedarebiT bednierebisa, vinaidan me bednieraT
mimaCnia Cemi Tavi, rom vixile is, rasac eltvodnen bevrni
mamulisSvilni, magram ver ixiles. e.i. maqvs saSualeba Tqven-
Tan erTad gaviziaro bedniereba eklesiurad da erovnulad
TavisuflebaSi yofnisa”.
mama besarionma Tavidanve miipyro yazanis sasuliero
akademiis profesurisa da studentebis yuradReba. 1898w.
14 ianvars - wm. ninos xsenebis dRes pirveli kursis stu-
dentma mRvdelma besarion xelaiam mesame kursis studen-
tis mTavardiakon daviT kaWaxiZis TanamwirvelobiT aka-
demiis eklesiaSi pedagogebisa da studentebis Tan-
daswrebiT qarTulad swira. am faqtis Sesaxeb vrceli
werilebi gamoaqveynes Jurnalma „cerkovnie vedomosti”
(1898, 31 ianveri, 5), imperiis oficialurma gazeTma „prav-
itelstvenni vestnik” (1898w. 5 (17) Tebervali) da „iveri-
am” (1898, 12 Teberveli). rusuli presis gansakuTrebuli
yuradReba miipyro gansxvavebam qarTul da rusul
RvTismsaxurebas, qarTul da rusul galobas Soris.
sasuliero akademiis meore kursis studenti besarion xe-
laia pirvelad warsdga farTo sazogadoebis winaSe rogorc
niWieri mecnieri da publicisti, rodesac man gazeT „Cerno-
morskie vestnikis” furclebze 1899 wlis 6 maiss da 17, 18, 19
ivniss „samurzakanec”-is xelmoweriT gamoaqveyna werilebi
„samurzayanoelis xma” da „pasuxi b-n maWavarians”. maSin gaim-
arTa pirveli Ria diskusia afxazeTis eTnopolitikuri is-
9
toriis sakiTxebze. erTmaneTs konstantine maWavariani da
besarion xelaia upirispirdebodnen. pirveli, eyrdnoboda
ra xandazmuli afxazis monaTxrobs, aseve ocamde gvaris
analizs, amtkicebda, rom md. enguris Crdilo-dasavleTiT
mdebare teritoria eTnikurad arasodes warmoadgenda
saqarTvelos nawils(?!). besarion xelaia, piriqiT, im drois-
aTvis cnobil qarTul da ucxour istoriul wyaroebze,
agreTve samecniero literaturaze miTiTebiT asabuTebda,
rom afxazeTis uZvelesi macxovreblebi qarTvelebi iyvnen.
mama besarionsa da k. maWavarians Soris gamarTuli diskusiis
mTavari Temebi dRemde aqtualuria. mowinaaRmdege mxare
ZiriTadad k. maWavarianis „argumentebis” amaraa darCenili.
qarTuli mxare amJamadac yovelive amas, mama besarionis ms-
gavsad, istoriuli wyaroebiT upirispirdeba. aRniSnuli dis-
kusiis masalebi savsebiT inarCuneben istoriografiul mniS-
vnelobas. konstantine maWavarians SeiZleba ewodos afxaze-
Tis separatistuli istoriografiis erT-erTi fuZemdebe-
li, besarion xelaia ki - afxazeTis mecnieruli istori-
ografiis erT-erTi fuZemdebelia.
1900 wlis 11 ianvars mRvdeli besarion xelaia berad
aRikveca ambrosis saxeliT. 1901 wlis ivnisSi daamTavra ya-
zanis sasuliero akademia, RvTismetyvelebis kandidatis
xarisxis mosapoveblad warmatebiT daicva disertacia
Temaze „qristianobis brZola islamTan saqarTveloSi.” av-
toris mizans warmoadgenda qristianuli samyaros winaSe
qarTuli eklesiis istoriuli damsaxurebebis Cveneba, gaSu-
qeba mis mier ganvlili saxelovani gzisa, romelic, rogorc
disertanti werda, XIX s. dasawyisSi dasrulda avtokefali-
is ganadgurebiTa da ruseTis eklesiasTan gaerTianebiT.
yazanis sasuliero akademiis damTavrebis Semdeg
mRvdelmonazoni ambrosi saqarTveloSi, kerZod, Tbilis-
Si dabrunda. droebiT igi Tbilisis feriscvalebis mon-
asterSi Cairicxa, mcire xans misi mmarTvelis movale-
obasac asrulebda. mRvdelmonazoni ambrosi 1902 wlis 29
ianvars WeliSis monastris winamZRvrad dainiSna arqiman-
dritis xarisxSi ayvaniT. arqimandritis xarisxSi misi ay-
10
vana moxda 1902w. 3 marts, monastris winamZRvris movale-
obis Sesrulebas ki 7 marts Seudga.
WeliSis monasterSi moRvaweobis periodi sakmaod nay-
ofieri aRmoCnda mama ambrosis sasuliero, samecniero da
sazogadoebriv saqmianobaSi. axali winamZRvris Zal-
isxmeviT monasterma mokle droSi daiwyo aRorZineba
rogorc raWis regionis sasuliero-saganmanaTleblo
keram da erovnul-patriotuli RonisZiebebis centrma.
monasterSi, agreTve raWa-leCxumis sxva taZrebSi arqiman-
dritma ambrosim unikaluri istoriuli xelnawerebi aR-
moaCina, maT Soris XI saukunis oTxTavi, qarTlis moqcevis
adre ucnobi varianti, mravali sxva masala. rogorc cno-
bilia, mogvianebiT es masala mama ambrosim mecnierulad
daamuSava da gamoaqveyna kidevac. saqarTvelos saistorio
da saeTnografio sazogadoebis krebaze 1907w. 28 de-
kembers wakiTxuli moxseneba „WeliSis varianti „qarTlis
moqcevisa” 1909 wels e. TayaiSvilis redaqtorobiT gamo-
sul krebulSi „Zveli saqarTvelo” (t.1) daibeWda da
gamoCenil qarTvel mecnierTa mowoneba daimsaxura. raWa-
leCxumSi moZiebuli sxva masalebis safuZvelze mama ambro-
sim 1915-1917 wlebSi, qarTul JurnalebSi („ganTiadi”, „cx-
ovreba”) gamoaqveyna werilebis mTeli seria saerTo saTau-
riT „mogazuroba raWa-leCxumSi”.
mama ambrosis moRvaweoba WeliSis monasterSi, amis
Taobaze gazeT „iveriaSi” gamoqveynebuli araerTi wer-
ilisa da informaciis wyalobiT, cnobili gaxda qarTuli
sazogadoebisaTvis. maSin gaicno da Seiyvara igi sruli-
ad saqarTvelom. wm. ambrosis saqmianobis kidev erTi,
metad mniSvnelovani mxare qarTuli sazogadoebisTvis
cnobili ar iyo, samagierod amis Sesaxeb srul informa-
cias flobda saero da sasuliero mTavroba. 1903 wlis
aprilis meore naxevarSi egzarqosma aleqsim (opocki)
cnobil qarTvelTmoZule ioane vostorgovTan erTad
mTeli dasavleT saqarTvelo Semoiara, aqedan erTi kvi-
ra afxazeTSi gaatara. TbilisSi dabrunebisTanave, egzar-
qosma uwm. sinodis ober-prokuroris k. pobedonoscevis
11
saxelze sruliad saidumlo werili afrina, romelSic
naTqvamia: „soxumis okrugis ufrosma macnoba, rom mis-
dami rwmunebuli okrugis afxazebiTa da megrelebiT
dasaxlebul soflebSi Zalian xSirad Camodis imereTis
eparqiis WeliSis monastris winamZRvari arqimandriti
ambrosi xelaia, romelsac soflidan (WeliSidan - j.g.),
albaT, imereTis yovladsamRvdelo (ep. leonide - j.g.)
uSvebs. arqimandriti ambrosi yovelTvis saidumlod
Camodioda; sanapiroze mas xvdebodnen adgilobrivi
mTavrobis mier saeWvod miCneuli pirebi, romlebic gam-
oirCevian rusofobiiT da rusuli mTavrobis gamaer-
Tianebeli miswrafebebisadmi winaaRmdegobis gaweviT.
mama ambrosi marTavs raRac saidumlo TaTbirebs, said-
umlod mogzaurobs soflebSi da yovelTvis misi mogza-
urobebis Sedegad soflelebi iReben gadawyvetilebebs
da Txovnebs skolebSi qarTuli enis swavlebis SemoRebis
Sesaxeb.” eWvsgareSea, egzarqos aleqsis es werili gaxda
maSin safuZveli ambrosi xelaias ruseTSi gadasaxlebisa.
sxvaTa Soris, imave werilSi guria-samegrelos episkopo-
si aleqsandrec (oqropiriZe)iyo dadanaSaulebuli „rusi
xalxisadmi da rusuli xelisuflebisadmi” kritikul
damokidebulebaSi, risTvisac 1903 wlis noemberSi igi
samsaxuridan daiTxoves da pensiaze gauSves. ufro adre
- 1903w. 6 seqtembers, uwmindesi sinodis gadawyvetilebiT,
arqimandriti ambrosi donis eparqiis ust-medvedickaias
sasuliero saswavleblis zedamxedvelad dainiSna.
axal samsaxurs misTvis Cveuli seriozulobiTa da mon-
domebiT moekida. ust-medvedickaiaSi wminda ambrosis moR-
vaweobis Sesaxeb warmodgenas gviqmnian pedagogebisa da mos-
wavleTa winaSe misi gamosvlebi, saswavleblis eklesiaSi war-
moTqmuli qadagebebi, romelTa nawili (or aTeulze meti)
saqarTvelos xelnawerTa erovnul centrSia daculi. pirv-
el rigSi, qarTveli zedamxedvelis kategoriuli moTxovniT,
imJamindeli rusuli ganaTlebis sistemisTvis damaxasiaTebe-
li metismeti simkacre ust-medvedickaias saswavlebelSi mos-
wavleebisadmi humanuri da rbili damokidebulebiT Seicva-
12
la. am siaxlem, rogorc wm. ambrosi Tavad aRniSnavda, kargi
Sedegi gamoiRo, moswavleebi ufro morCilebi da bejiTebi
gaxdnen. Zalian sainteresoa im periodSi warmoTqmuli qad-
agebebi, romlebic garda wminda religiuri, Teologiuri sak-
iTxebisa, exeba ruseT-iaponiis omis, zogadad omisa da mSvi-
dobis, ruseTis pirveli revoluciis, misi mizezebis, swavla-
ganaTlebisa da moswavleTa aRzrdis problemebs. rogorc
Tavisuflebaayrili qveynis TavisuflebisTvis mebrZoli
Svili, ambrosi xelaia Tavis qadagebaSi ruseTis imperatoris
1905w. 17 oqtombris manifestis gamocxadebasTan dakavSire-
biT gatacebiT saubrobda „uflis saCuqarze” - Tavisufleba-
ze, cxovrebaSi misi ganxorcielebis aucileblobaze. yvela
mis qadagebas wiTel zolad gasdevs mowodeba qristianuli
movaleobebis, uflis mcnebaTa Sesrulebisaken.
ust-medvedickaias sasuliero saswavleblis qarTve-
li zedamxedvelisTvis ganuyofeli iyo ganaTleba da sar-
wmunoeba, rogorc Tavad brZanebda, „gonebisa da gulis
ganaTleba”. is iyo uaRresad humanuri da samarTliani xe-
lmZRvaneli, mokle droSi didi avtoriteti moixveWa sas-
wavleblis pedagogTa da moswavleTa Soris, donis epar-
qiis xelmZRvanelobis winaSe. 1905w.6 maiss ambrosi xela-
ia wm. anas II xarisxis ordeniTac daajildoves. miuxeda-
vad yovelive amisa, mis mTavar miznad da ocnebad samSob-
loSi dabruneba rCeboda, ris Sesaxebac werda kidevac
Jurnal „mwyemsSi” 1905w. 30 maiss (9-10) episkopos dimitri
abaSiZis winaaRmdeg gamoqveynebul werilSi.
ruseTis 1905-1907 wlebis pirvelma demokratiulma rev-
oluciam saqarTvelodan gasaxlebul mamuliSvilebs ep.
kirions da arqimandrit ambrosis samSobloSi dabrunebis
saSualeba misca. episkopos leonide oqropiriZis inicia-
tiviT da saqarTvelo-imereTis sinodaluri kantoris Sua-
mdgomlobiT, uwm. sinodma 1905 wlis 24 noembers miiRo gada-
wyvetileba arqimandrit ambrosis sinodaluri kantoris
wevrad da ioane naTlismcemlis monastris winamZRvrad
daniSvnis Sesaxeb. ust-medvedickaias sasuliero saswavle-
belma Tavis qarTvel zedamxedvels gulisamaCuyebeli gac-
13
ileba mouwyo. 1906 wlis dasawyisSi ambrosi xelaia samSob-
loSi dabrunda da aqtiurad CaerTo im droisTvis farTod
gaSlil moZraobaSi qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis aRsad-
genad. avtokefalistTa moZraoba ki warmoadgenda qarTu-
li saxelmwifoebriobis aRdgenisaTvis warmoebuli saer-
Toerovnuli brZolis Semadgenel nawils. didia wm. ambro-
sis wvlili da damsaxureba rogorc am brZolaSi, ise Sovin-
istur-imperiuli saxelmwifo da saeklesio politikis mx-
ilebaSi. am mxriv uaRresad mniSvnelovania 1906 wlis maisSi
gamoqveynebuli misi naSromi „statiisa gamo „xma soxumidan”,
romelic XX s. dasawyisis qarTuli publicistikis ubrwyin-
valesi nimuSia. vinaidan ruseTis politikas saqarTvelos,
maT Soris afxazeTis mimarT arsebiTi cvlileba ar ganuc-
dia, aRniSnuli politikis ambrosi xelaiaseuli safuZvliani
kritika garkveulwilad dRemde aqtualuria. misi gacnoba
da Rrma gaazreba sasargeblo iqneba rogorc qarTuli, ise
gansakuTrebiT rusuli sazogadoebisTvis, sasuliero,
politikuri da samecniero wreebisTvis.
arqimandriti ambrosi male iqca mniSvnelovan figurad
saqarTveloSi, saerToerovnuli masStabis sasuliero da
sazogado moRvawed, qarTveli xalxis erT-erT winamZRolad
eklesiuri da politikuri TavisuflebisaTvis brZolaSi.
rogorc misi megobari da Tanamoazre rafiel ivanicki wer-
da, ambrosi xelaia ar iyo calmxrivi sasuliero moRvawe,
aramed imavdroulad „TvalsaCino politikur interessac
iCenda, gansakuTrebiT es Sesaxeb saqarTvelos saqmeTa... jer
kidev am saukunis dasawyisSi is - maSin ubralo arqimandriti -
gvevlineba figurad, romlis irgvliv Tavs iyris mTeli mow-
inave da ganaTlebuli qarTveli samRvdeloeba”. qarTuli
eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgena wm. ambrosisTvis iyo ara brZ-
olis saboloo mizani, aramed Cveni qveynis politikuri
damoukideblobis winapirobac. 1907w. 8 seqtembers sionis
taZarSi wm. ilia marTlis cxedarTan warmoTqmul sityvaSi
damswre sazogadoebas man mouwoda, „SevficoT am winamde-
bare cxedars, rom viqnebiT namdvili aRmsruleblebi im
cnebebisa, romelic gansvenebulma Tavisi moRvaweobiT gvi-
14
anderZa Cven”. yovelgvari gadaWarbebis gareSe SeiZleba iTq-
vas, rom wm. aRmsarebeli ambrosi sicocxlis bolomde darCa
wm. ilia marTlis „cnebebis” ganxorcielebisTvis erT-erT
yvelaze Tanmimdevrul da Tavganwirul mebrZolad.
mama ambrosi zedmiwevniT asrulebda saqarTvelo-im-
ereTis sinodaluri kantoris wevris movaleobasac,
agreTve mraval sxva davalebas. kerZod, 1906w. 3 marts igi
saqarTvelos eparqiis davrdomil sasuliero pirTa
samzrunvelos Tavmjdomared, imave wlis 9 maiss - saek-
lesio muzeumis komitetis wevrad da Tavmjdomaris Ta-
naSemwed dainiSna; iyo samRvdelo, sadiakvno da samedav-
iTneo kandidatTa gamomcdeli komisiis, mcxeTis sapa-
triarqo taZris aRmdgeni komitetis wevri da a.S. wm. am-
brosis iniciativiT, saqarTvelo-imereTis sinodalur-
ma kantoram 1907w. 22 marts miiRo gadawyvetileba saeg-
zarqosos eklesiebisTvis blankebis, sametriko wignebis
da sxva dokumentaciis qarTul enaze damzadebis Sesaxeb.
1907w. ianvridan mas daekisra kantoris finansebze - Semo-
savlebze da maT xarjvaze zedamxedveloba.
mkveTri gardatexa wm. ambrosis cxovrebaSi gamoiwvia
1908w. 28 maiss saqarTvelos egzarqos nikonis (sofiiski)
mkvlelobis Semdeg ganviTarebulma movlenebma. egzarqo-
sis mkvleli oficialurad dRemde dadgenili ar aris, ma-
gram SeiZleba iTqvas, rom is gaxda msxverpli Tavisi vera-
guli da agresiuli antiqarTuli politikisa, romelic
qarTuli samRvdeloebis SeviwroebaSi, avtokefalistTa
sastik devnaSi, imperiis mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris p. sto-
lipinis mier mowonebuli saqarTvelos eklesiuri da teri-
toriuli danawevrebis gegmis SemuSavebaSi mdgomareobda.
miuxedavad miRebuli zomebisa, xelisuflebam egzarqosis
fizikuri mkvleli ver aRmoaCina, amitom mTavari dartyma
mimarTuli iqna e.w. „inteleqtualuri mkvlelebis” anu av-
tokefalistebis winaaRmdeg. gamoZiebas Tbilisis saolqo
sasamarTlo awarmoebda, paralelurad muSaobda 1908 wlis
seqtemberSi peterburgidan movlenili komisia ober-
prokuroris kancelariis vice-direqtoris v. iackeviCis
15
TavmjdomareobiT. Tbilisis oxrankam 1908w. 23 noembers
viqtor iackeviCs gadasca cnobebi e.w. avtokefalistTa
partiis Semadgenlobis Sesaxeb. pirvel nomrad dasaxele-
bulia episkoposi leonide, romelic, oxrankis azriT, av-
tokefalistTa „suli da gulia” da romlis uaxloesi Tan-
amebrZolebi arian ep. petre, arq. ambrosi xelaia da quTaise-
li mRvdeli ambrosi fofxaZe; meore da mesame nomrebad sax-
eldebian ep. kirioni, romelic xarkovis guberniaSi kuria-
Jis monasterSi iyo gadasaxlebuli, da ep. petre. meoTxe
nomrad dasaxelebulia wm. ambrosi. dokumentSi vkiTxu-
lobT: „arqimandriti ambrosi xelaia, ukavia ra sinodaluri
kantoris wevris Tanamdeboba da aris ra Zalian Wkviani da
unariani adamiani, iTvleba avtokefaluri moZraobis erT-
erT yvelaze TvalsaCino moRvawed; cnobilia, rom is axlo
urTierTobaSi imyofeba episkoposebTan leonidesTan,
giorgisTan da petresTan, mRvdlebTan TalakvaZesTan, cin-
caZesTan da CijavaZesTan; arseboben agreTve cnobebi, imis
Sesaxeb, rom mis binaSi garkveuli drois manZilze gelaTis
monastris winamZRvari arqimandriti nikolozi imaleboda.”
es oxrankiseuli daxasiaTeba, romelic yvelasagan gamor-
Ceulia, gaxda, Cvenis azriT, safuZveli v. iackeviCis komisi-
is rekomendaciis safuZvelze uwm. sinodis 1908w. 20 de-
kembris gadawyvetilebisa arq. ambrosis dakavebuli Tanam-
debobebidan ganTavisuflebisa da RvTismsaxurebis ufleb-
is akrZalviT riazanis samebis monasterSi mkacri zedamxed-
velobis qveS gamwesebis Sesaxeb.
riazanis wm. samebis monasterSi wm. ambrosi umZimes
pirobebSi imyofeboda, ris Sesaxebac 1917w. 9 marts Tavadve
werda gazeT „saqarTveloSi”. mis saqmes iZiebda imJamad ruse-
Tis iusticiis ministri (1906-1915ww.) i. Seglovitovi. gamo-
Ziebam wm. ambrosis danaSauli ver daadastura da 1909 wlis
bolos mas RvTismsaxurebis ufleba aRudgines. imave wlis 25
dekembers riazanis monastris eklesiaSi wm. ambrosim brwy-
invale saSobao qadageba warmosTqva, romelic miuZRvna gan-
martebas angelozTa sityvebisa, romlebiTac maT amcnes ad-
amianebs dedamiwaze qristianuli epoqis dawyeba: „dideba ma-
16
Ralsa Sina RmerTsa da qveyanasa zeda mSvidoba, kacTa Soris
saTnoeba”. saqarTvelos eklesiisa da misi pirovnuli mdgo-
mareobis gaTvaliswinebiT, mTavari yuradReba qadagebaSi
daeTmo „qveyanasa zeda mSvidobas” - sityvebs, romlebiTac
angelozebi iuwyebodnen „im Svidobis Sesaxeb, romelic unda
sufevdes qristianTa Soris maTs codvil cxovrebaSi, anu
mSvidobaze RmerTTan, sakuTar TavTan da yvela Cvens irgv-
liv myof adamianebTan,” - brZanebda wm. ambrosi.
miuxedavad braldebebis moxsnisa, eqsoria ukve axali
formiT gagrZelda. wm. ambrosis reabilitacia moxda mx-
olod nawilobriv - mas kvlavac CamorTmeuli hqonda sam-
SobloSi dabrunebisa da samsaxuris ufleba. uwm. sinodis
1910w. 4 Tebervlis gadawyvetilebiT arq. ambrosi
novgorodis eparqiis q. staraia rusas fericvalebis mo-
nastris winamZRvrad dainiSna, imave wlis 24 dekembridan
imavdroulad eparqiis monastrebis mTavarxucesis
(blaRoCinis) Tanamdebobac daikava. saqarTvelos xelnaw-
erTa erovnul centrSi daculia staraia rusaSi da
novgorodis eparqiis sxva monastrebSi warmoTqmuli or
aseulze meti qadageba Tu sityva. maTSi wm. ambrosi exeba
uamrav Temas wminda Teologiuri problemebiT dawyebu-
li, pirveli msoflio omiTa da eparqiaSi arsebuli sxva-
dasxva socialuri problemebiT damTavrebuli. sain-
teresoa 1911 wlis 2, 16 da 23 oqtombers warmoTqmuli
qadagebebi. isini, Seicaven sakmaod safuZvlian kritikas
materialistebisa, romlebic uaryofdnen sulis, Sesabam-
isad, imqveyniuri cxovrebis arsebobas, acxadebdnen,
TiTqos azrovnebs materia da ara suli. wm. ambrosi miiC-
nevda, rom sulieri sawyisis gareSe SuZlebelia adamian-
Ta bunebaSi mravali iseTi movlenis axsna, rogoricaa
ganyenebuli cnebebisa da azrebis samyaro, zneobriv gan-
sazRvrebaTa samyaro, umaRlesi religiuri cnebebis sam-
yaro Tavisi rwmeniT RmerTisadmi maradiuli simarTlis,
maradiuli sikeTisa da netarebis imediT. materializms
igi „sulier TviTmkvlelobas” uwodebda; misi msxverplni
SeiZleba gaxdnen calkeuli pirovnebebi, magram ara ka-
17
cobrioba mTlianobaSi, „romelic yovelTvis darCeba
sulis umaRlesi moTxovnilebebis erTguli”, radganac
„suli adamianSi RvTiuri sawyisia... Cveni movaleobaa misi
sufTad Senaxva”, - brZanebda wm. ambrosi.
qadagebaTa mniSvnelovani nawili pirveli msoflio omis
Temas exeba. ruseTisTvis gansacdelis Jams rusuli Sovin-
izmis winaaRmdeg aqtiurma mebrZolma qarTvelma patriot-
ma ambrosi xelaiam, romelic „yovelive rusulis mowinaaRm-
deged” iyo Seracxuli da amis gamo samSoblodan gasaxle-
buli, daikava ara Casafrebulis, aramed WeSmariti qris-
tianis pozicia. „gaverTiandeT, Zmebo saerTo siyvarulSi
samSoblosadmi, eklesiisadmi, erTmaneTisadmi”; „nu iqneba
Cvens Soris tomTaSorisi da partiuli mtroba”, - mouwodeb-
da igi Tavis msmenelebs. wm. ambrosi zrunavda daWril meom-
rebze, omis Sedegad devnilebad qceul bavSvebze. 1914w. 14
oqtombers monasterSi man gaxsna lazareTi, 1915w. 8 noem-
bers - saerTo sacxovrebeli devnili moswavleebisTvis.
1917w. 14 ianvars ambrosi xelaiam devnilobaSi myof
episkopos kirionTan da Tbilisidan Camosul ep. antonTan
(giorgaZe) erTad monawileoba miiRo petrogradSi qarTu-
li eklesiis kurTxevaSi. Tavis emociurad datvirTul si-
tyvaSi mouwoda iq Sekrebil Tanamemamuleebs, gansakuTre-
biT studentebs „evropis fanjris” anu petrogradis meS-
veobiT eziaron „evropuli kulturis nakadebs, raTa iyoT
sasargebloni mSobliuri qveynisTvis”.
wminda ambrosic, imyofeboda ra staraia rusaSi, mxolod
mSobliur qveyanaSi dabrunebaze, mis samsaxurSi Cadgomaze
ocnebobda, magram yvela misi mcdeloba uSedegod dasrul-
da. mxolod erTxel, 1912 wels moaxerxa man, isic Sve-
bulebiT, saqarTveloSi Camosvla; iyo mSobliur afxazeT-
Si, ilorSi, moinaxula bediis taZari, romlis erT-erT war-
weras specialuri werilic miuZRvna. soxumSi yofnisas wm.
ambrosi episkopos andrias (uxetomski) Sexvda da amis Taoba-
ze „s.-peterburgskie vedomostSi” specialuri werili ga-
moaqveyna - „Canaweri soxumis episkopos yovladsamRvdelo
andrias moRvaweobis Sesaxeb.” dadebiTad Seafasa ra ep. an-
18
drias moRvaweoba, miwasTan gaaswora misi winamorbedi rusi
mRvdelmTavrebis Sovinisturi politika. werilSi „sasur-
velia Tu ara iloris eklesiis rusul dedaTa monastrad
gardaqmna”, romelic 1913w. 10-11 aprils gazeT „zakavkazie”-
s or nomerSi gamoqveynda, is episkopos andriasac daupir-
ispirda. axali aTonis, drandisa da moqvis monastrebis ma-
galiTze wm. ambrosi episkopos andrias da mis momxreebs
umtkicebda, rom qarTuli siwmindeebis rusul monastre-
bad gadakeTeba xels ar uwyobs misioneruli miznebis miRw-
evas, piriqiT, zians ayenebs afxazTa Soris qristianobis
gavrcelebisa da ganmtkicebis interesebs. imave wlis de-
kemberSi „zakavkazies” eqvs nomerSi daibeWda wm. ambrosis
werilebis seria saTauriT: „iloris taZris rusul dedaTa
monastrad gardaqmnis Sesaxeb”. am werilebma CaSales saek-
lesio mTavrobis gadawyvetileba soxumis eparqiaSi kidev
erTi qarTuli keris moSlisa da imperiuli politikis mori-
gi dasayrdenis - rusuli monastris dafuZnebis Sesaxeb.
soxumis eparqiaSi arsebul viTarebas eZRvneba „petrograd-
skie vedomostSi” 1916-1917 wlebSi gamoqveyenebuli xuTi
werili: „soxumis eparqiis Sesaxeb” (daibeWda gazeTis sam
nomerSi), „pasuxad yovladsaRvdelo sergis”, „soxumis epar-
qiidan”, „werili kavkasiidan” da „soxumeli saqmosnebi”. wer-
ilma „soxumis eparqiis Sesaxeb” didi roli iTamaSa
saqarTvelos saegzarqososagan soxumis eparqiis gamoy-
ofis sinodiseuli gegmis CaSlaSi. uaRresad mniSvnelova-
nia sxva werilebic, romlebSic mxilebulia saeparqio
mTavrobis Sovinisturi, antiqarTuli politika. 1916 wlis
noembridan 1917w. ianvramde imave „petrogradskie vedo-
mostSi” wm. ambrosim dabeWda Tematurad erTmaneTTan
dakavSirebuli sami werili: „sasuliero seminaria quTais-
Si”, „qarTveli episkoposebis uufleboba da saegzarqosos
sasuliero saswavleblebi”, „ucnauri kompensacia”. maTSi
saubari iyo sasuliero ganaTlebis sferoSi qarTvelTa
diskriminaciis aRmaSfoTebel faqtebze.
1917 wlis TebervalSi ruseTSi TviTmpyroblobis
damxobam Seqmna winapirobebi qarTuli eklesiis avtoke-
19
faliis aRsadgenad. wm. ambrosi miesalma Tebervlis
demokratiul revolucias. 1917w. 17 marts monawileoba
miiRo Tavisuflebis gamocxadebasTan dakavSirebiT st-
araia rusas moedanze gamarTul ceremonialSi da rev-
oluciis msxverplTa sulis mosaxseniebeli paraklisis
gadaxdaSi. Tavis sityvaSi wm. ambrosi miesalma Tavisu-
flebis damyarebas. arsebulma wyobilebam didi xania Tavi-
si dro moWama, - ganacxada man, - „axla TiToeuli pirovne-
ba Tavisufalia... saxelmwifos uuflebo wevrTa bageTa-
gan axla axsnilia beWdebi, romlebiTac isini iyo dalu-
quli... mogveca SesaZlebloba, SeuerTdeT evropis kul-
turul ojaxs. WeSmaritad didi bednierebaa, udidesi mo-
napovaria xalxis keTildReobisTvis”.
rogorc ki wm. ambrosim Seityo 1917w. 12 (25) marts qarTu-
li eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis Sesaxeb, gazeTSi „petro-
gradskie vedomosti” dabeWda vrceli werili „salami
qarTul avtokefalur eklesias”. maSinaTve aiRo Svebuleba
da saqarTvelosaken gamoemarTa. 1917 wlis aprilSi is aqti-
urad monawileobda qarTuli eklesiis droebiTi
mmarTvelobis muSaobaSi. Svebulebis dasrulebis Semdeg kv-
lav staraia rusaSi dabrunebuli wm. ambrosi Seudga samecni-
ero-popularuli werilebis seriis momzadebas saerTo sa-
TauriT „werilebi qarTuli eklesiis Sesaxeb”. 1917 wlis mais-
seqtemberSi rva aseTi werili daibeWda gazeT „petrograd-
skie vedomostSi”. avtori mTels imperias usabuTebda qarTu-
li eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis kanonierebas da auci-
leblobas, uCvenebda saqarTvelos istoriul damsaxurebas
msoflio qristianuli civilizaciis, evropuli qristianu-
li kulturis winaSe. wm. ambrosi aseT kiTxvebs svams: „hqonda
Tu ara qarTveli xalxis aseT boboqar - sabrZolo cxovre-
bas raime zogadsakacobrio mniSvneloba? moaxerxes Tu ara
qarTvelebma zogadsakacobrio kulturis saganZurSi raime
yuradsaRebis Setana? TavianTi istoriuli cxovrebiT, daim-
saxures Tu ara maT, ukidures SemTxvevaSi, is, rom maT war-
sul cxovrebas da amJamindel mdgomareobas moekidon erT-
gvari pativiscemiTa da yuradRebiT? dasmul kiTxvebze wm.
20
ambrosi pasuxobs Tavis werilebSi. misi azriT, qarTvelobam
saukuneebis manZilze gaRebuli sisxliT Seitana Tavisi wv-
lili Tanamedrove evropuli kulturis saganZurSi;
saqarTvelo, romelic mowameTa qveyanaa, sisxlisagan icle-
boda qristianuli civilizaciis interesebisTvis. merve
daskvniT werilSi wm. ambrosi exeba saqarTvelos mier zogad-
sakacobrio kulturis saganZurSi ara mxolod sisxliT,
aramed, rogorc TviTon wers, „sibrZnis melniT” Setanil
wvlils. am sferoSi qarTvelTa damsaxurebis warmosaCenad
avtori mokled mimoixilavda mdidar qarTul sasuliero da
saero literaturas, saubrobda ZvelqarTuli werilobiTi
Zeglebis zogadsakacobrio mniSvnelobaze.
zogadad SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom gadasaxlebaSi yof-
nis periodSi imperiis mTavari gazeTis furclebze
qarTuli eklesiis problemebis, calke soxumis eparqia-
Si arsebuli viTarebis maRal mecnierul da publicistur
doneze warmoCena wm. ambrosis erT-erTi didi damsaxure-
baa erisa da misi eklesiis winaSe.
1917w. zafxulSi wm. ambrosi qarTuli eklesiis deleg-
aciis SemadgenlobaSi monawileobas iRebda molaparake-
bebSi ruseTis droebiT mTavrobasTan da rusuli eklesi-
is warmomadgenlebTan. imave wlis agvistos dasawyisSi is
samudamod dabrunda saqarTveloSi, aqtiurad monawile-
obda pirveli saeklesio krebis momzadebaSi da muSaoba-
Si. krebas avtokefaliaaRdgenili eklesiis pirveli
saWeTmpyrobeli unda aerCia. samRvdeloebisa da sazoga-
doebis garkveulma nawilma am maRal da metad sapatio
Tanamdebobaze arqimandriti ambrosis dasaxeleba gada-
wyvita. rogorc rafiel ivanicki werda, „garda im mo-
sazrebisa, rom partiulad dayofa samRvdeloebisa (le-
onidelebi da kirionelebi) sikeTes ar uqadda axlad
fexzedamdgar eklesias, ... mxedvelobaSi miRebul iqna
arqimandrit ambrosis upiratesobac kulturul-poli-
tikuri mxriv. rodesac es momwifebuli survili mas ga-
nucxades TiTqmis oficialurad, man saxegafiTrebulma
nawyenad warmoTqva, rom igi ar aris imdenad gambedavi,
21
Tavisi kandidatura kaTalikozis taxtisaTvis dasvas,
rodesac cocxloben iseTi damsaxurebuli mxcovani moRva-
weni, rogorebic arian episkopozebi kirioni da leonidi”.
wminda ambrosis arasodes amoZravebda karieristuli
moswrafebebi, rac man SemdgomSiac daamtkica. amave dros is
gaxldaT SesaniSnavi organizatori, energiuli da unariani
xelmZRvaneli. misi es Tvisebebi maqsimalurad gamovlinda
maSinac, rodesac I saeklesio krebis mier arCeulma kaToli-
kos-patriarqma kirion II Tavisi intronizaciis meore dRes -
1917w. 2(15) oqtombers arq. ambrosi Wyondidel mitropoli-
tad akurTxa. vinaidan pirveli krebis mier dafuZnebul
cxum-bediis eparqiaze qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqcia jer
ver vrceldeboda, es kaTedra droebiT Wyondidis eparqias
miewera. mitropoliti ambrosi, amrigad, or kaTedras xe-
lmZRvanelobda. masve daekisra afxazeTis eklesiuri Semo-
erTebis istoriuli misiac. rogorc cnobilia, TiTqmis mTe-
li 1918 wlis ganmavlobaSi afxazeTi gadaqceuli iyo brZo-
lis arenad ruseTidan SemoWril bolSevikebTan, Turqul
desantTan, rusi TeTrgvardielebis agenturasTan da a.S. sab-
olood ar iyo dadgenili saqarTvelos Crdilo-dasavleT
sazRvari. ar iyo gansazRvruli afxazeTis politikur-sa-
marTlebrivi statusic. es yovelive, bunebrivia, aferxebda
qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciis aRdgenas afxazeTSi. miuxe-
davad amisa, mitropoliti ambrosi araerTxel Cavida soxum-
Si, SedarebiT iolad moaxerxa samurzayanosa da danarCeni
afxazeTis qarTuli samrevloebis deda eklesiis wiaRSi dab-
runeba. 1918 wlis Semodgomaze, rodesac Zalze aqtualuri
iyo soWis okrugis Semomtkicebis sakiTxi, mitropolitma am-
brosim amberis fsevdonimiT gamoaqveyna brwyinvale samec-
niero naSromi „saqarTvelos istoriuli sazRvari Savi zRvis
mxriT.” es aris am Temaze dRemde Seqmnili erT-erTi saukeTe-
so naSromi. mis daskvniT nawilSi avtori aRniSnavs, rom Tu
axlandeli ZalTa ganlageba ar mogvcems Cveni mamaci mxe-
drebis mier dakavebuli Savi zRvis napirebis SenarCunebis
saSualebas, „maSin am mokle werils is mizani mainc SerCes, rom
man gaaRviZos Cvens xalxSi istoriul uflebaTa Segneba da
22
misces mas imisi cnoba mainc, rom saqarTvelos Zlierebis
dros Cveni sazRvari tuRapsesac iqeT scildeboda.” es si-
tyvebi arasodes dakargaven Tavis mniSvnelobas.
1919 wlisTvis politikuri viTareba afxazeTSi stabi-
luri gaxda, imave wlis 20 marts demokratiuli wesiT ar-
Ceulma saxalxo sabWom miiRo istoriuli aqti afxazeTis
avtonomiis Sesaxeb, romlis ZaliTac es regioni saqarTve-
los avtonomiuri erTeuli gaxda. rusul eklesias
daqvemdebarebuli soxumis episkoposi sergi (petrovi) am
droidan afxazeTSi ar imyofeboda. 1919 w. 1 seqtembers
afxazeTis komisariatma (mTavrobam) Tavisi dekretiT
marTlmadidebeli eklesiebis marTvis Sesaxeb afxazeTis
kaTedra vakanturad gamoacxada. imave wlis 11 seqtembers
mitropoliti ambrosi soxumis eparqiis droebiT
mmarTvelad dainiSna. Sesabamisi mosamzadebeli samuSaoe-
bis Semdeg 1919w. 7 oqtombers Catarebulma saeparqio
krebam, romelSic monawileobdnen rogorc qarTuli, ise
afxazuri, berZnuli da nawilobriv rusuli samrevloeb-
is delegatebi, moismina ra mitropolit ambrosis mox-
seneba, miiRo gadawyvetileba qarTuli eklesiis Semad-
genlobaSi Sesvlis Sesaxeb. amieridan cxum-bediis epar-
qias cxum-afxazeTis eparqia ewoda. pirvel mRvdel-
mTavrad krebam mitropoliti ambrosi airCia. qarTuli
eklesiis gaerTianeba saeklesio da saero kanonebis sru-
li dacviT moxda da yovelive amaSi didia wm. ambrosis pi-
radi damsaxureba. miuxedavad uamravi problemebisa, maT
Soris yvelaze mwvave finansur-ekonomikuri probleme-
bi iyo, afxazeTis mRvdelmTavari, romelic imavdroulad
garkveuli periodi Wyondidis kaTedrasac ganagebda,
misTvis Cveuli mondomebiTa da SemarTebiT agrZelebda
mSobliur da kargad nacnob regionSi moRvaweobas. Cven
xelTa gvaqvs wm. ambrosis mier soxumSi, oCamCireSi war-
moTqmuli qadagebebi, romelTa mTavari Temebia sarwmu-
noebis ganmtkiceba, eklesiis amagi da roli qveynis isto-
riaSi, saqarTvelos damoukidebloba da mTlianoba,
gareSe mtrebisagan misi dacvis aucilebloba da a.S. ec-
23
nobi am qadagebebs da rwmundebi, rom wm. ambrosi gaxl-
daT rogorc sulieri, ise araformaluri politikuri
lideric, romlis gavlena da popularoba afxazeTSi,
mTlianad qveyanaSi dRiTidRe izrdeboda. mas angariSs
uwevdnen saxelisuflebo wreebi soxumSic da TbilisSic.
mitropoliti ambrosi ar iviwyebda samecniero saqmi-
anobasac. 1920 wels man Seqmna SesaniSnavi naSromi „bedia
da bediis taZari”, romelsac, specialistebi dameTanxme-
bian, dRemde ar daukargavs Tavisi mniSvneloba. aqve
mogaxsenebT, rom jer-jerobiT dakargulad iTvleba wm.
ambrosis naSromi „sofeli ilori da iloris wm. giorgis
eklesia”, romelic imave stilSi da imave meTodologiiT
unda yofiliyo dawerili, rogorc „bedia da bediis taZ-
ari”. etyoba, aRniSnuli naSromi, iseve rogorc sxva
Sromebi (magaliTad, „1909 wlis dRiurebi”, „12 mociqulis
moZRvreba rogorc saeklesio samarTlis wyaro”) wm. am-
brosis gardacvalebis Semdeg aris dakarguli.
sabWoTa okupaciam mitropolit ambrosis soxumSi
mouswro. okupantebma pirveli ieriSi eklesiaze miitanes.
saqarTvelos e.w. revoluciuri komitetis 1921 w. 15 apri-
lis dekretma eklesiis saxelmwifosagan, eklesiisagan sko-
lis gamoyofis Sesaxeb eklesia kanongareSed gamoacxada.
umZimes mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda cxum-afxazeTis eparqiac.
magram es mainc ar iyo mTavari gamocda. wm.ambrosis win bev-
rad ufro mZime jvari eloda. uwmindesi da unetaresi le-
onides gardacvalebis Semdeg 1921w. 1-5 seqtembers gelaT-
Si mowveulma III saeklesio krebam mitropoliti ambrosi
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqad airCia. Tbi-
lisSi pirveli RvTismsaxureba man 18 seqtembers samxedro
taZarSi Caatara da sabWoTa okupantebTan brZolisas daRu-
puli, imave taZris ezoSi dakrZaluli gmirebis sulis mo-
saxseniebeli paraklisi gadaixada. amiT wm. ambrosi Riad
daupirispirda saokupacio komunistur reJims. am reJimis
winaaRmdeg iyo mimarTuli misi mravalricxovani qadagebe-
bi da gamosvlebi, romelTa mTavari Temebi gaxldaT patri-
otizmi, samSoblosadmi da eklesiisadmi erTguleba, aTeiz-
24
mis, kosmopolitizmisa da cruinternacionalizmis kriti-
ka. 1922w. 20 martis qadagebaSi komunistebis gasagonad man
ganacxada, „rom urwmunoeba aranormaluri movlenaa cx-
ovrebaSi. is xrwnis sazogadoebriv organizms. is xalxi,
romelic uaryofs sarwmunoebas, ecema zneobrivad da Sors
ver wava ganviTarebis gzaze. piriqiT, is daCqarebiT mi-
emarTeba erovnuli ganadgurebisaken.” wm. ambrosi Riad
akritikebda inteligenciis im warmomadgenlebs, visac sak-
uTari erisTvis zrunva CamorCenilobisa da ukulturobis
niSnad miaCndaT, visac ainteresebda mxolod zrunva kaco-
briobis keTildReobisaTvis, vinaidan es iyo viTom ga-
naTlebisa da kulturulad ganviTarebis maCvenebeli. „ka-
cobriobisTvis zrunviT, misi xsnis surviliT gatacebulni
xSirad iviwyeben Tavis ers, - brZanebda wm. ambrosi... cxadia,
erisTvis zrunva, misi gankurneba, misi kulturulad amaR-
leba aris kacobriobis samsaxuri... CvenSi ki aris mima-
rTuleba, romelic yvelafer erovnuls gmobs, xalxis is-
toriul siwmindeebsac sacinlad igdebs.”
kaTolikos-patriarqi ukiduresad SeSfoTebuli iyo
saokupacio reJimis mkveTrad gamoxatuli antierovnuli
politikiT, romelic saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis
damxobaSi, Tavisuflebis mospobaSi, qveynis danawevrebaSi,
eklesiis ganadgurebis mcdelobaSi, qarTuli enisa da kul-
turis dakninebaSi gamoixateboda. yvelafer amis Taobaze
is werda 1922w. 7 Tebervals genuis konferenciisTvis gag-
zavnil memorandumSi da sTxovda „kulturul kacobriobas”
xelSewyobas saqarTvelos deokupaciisa da qarTveli xalx-
isTvis misaRebi demokratiuli politikuri sistemis
dafuZnebis saqmeSi. memorandumma didi STabeWdileba moax-
dina konferenciis monawileebze da evropis politikur
wreebze, imavdroulad kremlisa da misi Tbiliseli mario-
netebis ganrisxeba gamoiwvia. saqarTvelos kompartiis ce-
kas plenumis 1922w. 30 maisis, cekas prezidiumis imave wlis
12 ivnisis gadawyvetilebebiT sagangebo komisias daevala
kaTolikos-patriarqis pasuxisgebaSi micema da am saqmeze
Ziebis dawyeba. sagangebo komisiam orjer dakiTxa misi uw-
25
mindesoba da 22 ivniss bralic wauyena „provokaciaSi, kon-
trrevoluciaSi da sabWoTa xelisuflebis SebRalvaSi”. mi-
uxedavad zewolisa, wm. ambrosi Tavs damnaSaved ar cnobda
da mtkiced icavda memorandumSi gamoxatul pozicias. sa-
gangebo komisiam masze faruli zedamxedveloba daawesa.
saokupacio reJimTan Ria Setakebam, amasTan gamoCe-
nilma simtkicem da Tavdadebam kidev ufro gazarda misi
uwmindesobis avtoriteti samRvdeloebaSi da sazoga-
doebaSi. is ara marto myarad darCa genuaSi gagzavnili
memorandumis poziciaze, aramed mzad iyo daemyarebina
kavSiri qaquca ColoyaSvilTan, daeloca misi sa-
marTliani brZola saqarTvelos ganTavisuflebisTvis.
rogorc daviT vaCnaZe mowmobs, wm. ambrosi amis gakeTe-
bas 1922 wlis seqtemberSi alaverdobaze apirebda.
„rjulisa da erisaTvis sikvdili mwyuria. veRar vitan am
Seginebul, naZrax qarTul sicocxleso”, - uTqvams maSin
kaTolikos-patriarqs. nakleb savaraudoa, rom man qaqu-
ca ColoyaSvilTan Sexvedra moaxerxa, magram 1922 wlis
alaverdobaze is namdvilad imyofeboda, sadac axlomde-
bare soflebis samRvdeloebisa da mosaxleobis warmo-
madgenlebsac Sexvda, romelTa Soris, ar aris gamoricx-
uli, yofiliyo qaqucasTan Suamavali Tu mokavSire.
1922 wlis bolosTvis saqarTvelos kompartiam daiw-
yo mzadeba farTomasStabiani antireligiuri kampaniis
Casatareblad. imave wlis 20 dekembers cekas prezidium-
ma l. berias moxsenebis safuZvelze miiRo dadgenileba
araugvianes 1923w. 20-iani ricxvebisa kaTolikos-patri-
arq ambrosis winaaRmdeg sasamarTlo procesis dawyebis
Sesaxeb. qarTuli eklesiisTvis, piradad wm. ambrosisTvis
yvelaze mZime 1923-1924 wlebi aRmoCnda. saokupacio re-
Jimma gadawyvita bolo moeRo sasuliero mTavrobisTvis
kaTolikos-patriarqis meTaurobiT, erTdroulad daex-
ura an fizikurad gaenadgurebina eklesia-monastrebi.
1923w. 12 ianvars saqarTvelos kompartiis cekas prezid-
iumis mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze imave
dRes daapatimres uwmindesi da unetaresi ambrosi, saka-
26
Tolikoso sabWos wevrebi da TanamSromlebi. weliwadze
meti xnis ganmavlobaSi jer sagangebo komisia, mere ki
uzenaesi sasamarTlo winaswar gamoZiebas awarmoebdnen.
e.w. sasamarTlo procesi 1924 wlis 10-19 marts moraluri
da fsiqologiuri teroris qveS mimdinareobda. kaToli-
kos-patriarqma da sxva gansasjelebma arnaxuli simtkice
da moTmineba gamoiCines. minda xazgasmiT aRvniSno, rom
misi uwmindesobis damcvelebma, cnobilma sazogado moR-
vaweebma da iuristebma kirile niniZem da ioseb baraTaS-
vilma namdvili samoqalaqo gmiroba Caidines. isini ar
SeuSindnen mudmiv zewolas, muqarebs arsebuli reJimis
mxridan da pirnaTlad Seasrules TavianTi movaleoba.
Cvens sazeimo sxdomaze imyofebian kirile niniZis Svil-
iSvili b-ni gia Tarxan-mouravi da uaxloesi naTesavi b-ni
Tedo niniZe. dRes vesaubreT ioseb baraTaSvilis Svils,
cnobil iurists baton lado baraTaSvils, romelmac mx-
olod janmrTelobis mdgomareobis gamo ver SesZlo aq
mobrZaneba. minda Tqveni saxeliT mivesalmo maT. aTdRi-
ani „sasamarTlo procesis” mTavar movlenad wm. ambro-
sis saboloo sityva unda CaiTvalos. mis srul teqsts,
romelic, imedi maqvs, male ixilavs mzis sinaTles, jer
qarTuli sazogadoeba ar icnobs, Tumca am sityvis Ziri-
Tadi nawili 1988 wlidan aris gamoqveynebuli. sasamarT-
loze warmoTqmuli saboloo sityvis Sesaxeb SemiZlia
Zalian mokled mogaxsenoT, rom es dokumenti, romelic
Tavisi CanarTebiTa da damatebebiT wminda ambrosis Svil-
TaSvilis ana kldiaSvilis koleqciaSia daculi, warmoad-
gens XXs. 20-iani wlebis dasawyisSi saqarTveloSi arsebu-
li saokupacio reJimis winaaRmdeg Sedgenil, kargad das-
abuTebul sabraldebo daskvnas.
e.w. sasamarTlom kaTolikos-patriarqi ambrosi „dax-
vretis” Rirsad cno, magram gamoiCina „lmobiereba” da 7
wliT, 9 TviTa da 23 dRiT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa miusaja.
sxvadasxva vadiT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa miesajaT dekano-
zebs kalistrate cincaZes, ioseb mirianaSvils, markoz
tyemalaZes, agreTve cnobil sazogado moRvawes nikoloz
27
TavdgiriZes. swored ganaCenis gamocxadebis Semdeg war-
mosTqva misma uwmindesobam ukvdavi sityvebi: „suli Cemi
ekuTvnis ufals, guli - saqarTvelos, sxeuls ki rac
gnebavT is uyaviT.” es iyo ara ubralod lamazi sityvebi,
aramed wminda ambrosis sulis bunebrivi mdgomareoba,
mTeli misi cxovreba xom am genialurobamde martivi si-
tyvebis suliskveTebiT, RmerTisa da samSoblos siyvaru-
liT gaxldaT gamsWvaluli. sasamarTlos dasrulebis
Semdeg naTqvami es sityvebi, cxadia, oficialur oqmSi ver
aisaxeboda, verc sabWoTa gazeTebSi daibeWdeboda, ma-
gram maSinaTve moedo mTels saqarTvelos, gamoqveynda
emigrantul presaSi da ase moaRwia Cvenamde.
1924 wlisTvis saokupacio reJimma ZiriTadad daasru-
la eklesia-monastrebis fizikuri ngreva Tu daxurva.
imave wlis maisSi gamarTul saqarTvelos kompartiis me-
same yrilobaze siamayiT gacxadda 1500-mde eklesia-mo-
nastris daxurvis Sesaxeb. okupantebs miaCndaT, rom ka-
Tolikos-patriarqisa da sakaTolikoso sabWos wevrebis
gasamarTlebiT, eklesia-monastrebis masobrivi daxur-
viT did „gamarjvebas” miaRwies. 1924 wlis agvistos anti-
sabWoTa saxalxo ajanyebam es iluzia gafanta. aRmoCnda,
rom mosaxleobis ukmayofilebis erT-erT ZiriTad
mizezs swored xelisuflebis antisaeklesio politika
warmoadgenda. arsebulma reJimma taqtika Secvala, gaama-
rtiva eklesiebis gaxsnis wesi. ara taZrebis daxurvis,
aramed religiuri grZnobebis aRmofxvris gziT movspoT
eklesia - aseTi iyo axali partiuli direqtiva.
axalma taqtikam dRis wesrigSi dasva wm. ambrosis vad-
amde adre ganTavisuflebis sakiTxic. Sesabamisi gadaw-
yvetilebis miRebamde sabWoTa reJimma masTan TanamSrom-
lobaSi myofi mRvdelmTavrebis meSveobiT scada wm. ambro-
sisgan „danaSaulis” aRiareba da monanieba gamoeZala. 1924w.
7 da 16 oqtombers mitropolitma qristeforem (cicqiS-
vili), episkoposma daviTma (kaWaxiZe) da sxvebma patimroba-
Si myof kaTolikos-patriarqs ganTavisuflebis sanacv-
lod ultimatumis wesiT mosTxoves monanieba, magram kat-
28
egoriuli uari miiRes. Tavis sapasuxo werilSi wm. ambro-
sim kvlav daadastura memorandumis ZiriTadi debulebebi
da ganacxada: „me Cemi Tavi ar mimaCnia damnaSaveT”.
kaTolikos-patriarqis vadamde adre ganTavisufleb-
is sakiTxi gadawyvita meore mowvevis sakavSiro cen-
traluri aRmsarebeli komitetis mesame gasvliTma se-
siam, romelic 1925w. 3-7 marts TbilisSi Catarda. Tavis
daskvniT sxdomaze man miiRo dadgenileba amierkavkasiis
federaciaSi amnistiis gamocxadebis Sesaxeb, 8 marts igi
gazeTebSi daibeWda. 10 marts ki wm. ambrosi patimrobidan
gaanTavisufles. is Zalian male Seudga samsaxurebrivi
movaleobis Sesrulebas, bevri gaakeTa eklesiis erTiano-
bisTvis, misi organizaciuli ganmtkicebisTvis. dafuZn-
da axali kaTedrebi, romlebic ZiriTadad axladxel-
dasxmulma mRvdelmTavrebma daikaves. maT Soris swrafad
dawinaurda 1925w. 1 noembers mitropolitis xarisxSi ay-
vanili kalistrate cincaZe. misma uwmindesobam igi pa-
triarqis mudmiv mosaydred gamoarCia. daiwyo mzadeba
meoTxe saeklesio krebisTvis, romelic 1926 wlis 23 maiss
unda gamarTuliyo. eklesiis gamococxlebam, mowamis Sa-
ravandediT Semosili kaTolikos-patriarqis avtorite-
tis ganuzomelma amaRlebam, prosaxelisuflebo Sida-
saeklesio opoziciis srulma dezorganizaciam saokupa-
cio reJimi Zalze SeaSfoTa. 1926 wlis 27 marts sagangebo
komisiis xelmZRvanelebma e. kvantalianma da l. beriam
qarTuli eklesiis mdgomareobisa da mis winaaRmdeg gasa-
tarebeli zomebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kompartiis cen-
tralur komitets sruliad saidumlo analitikuri mox-
seneba warudgines. masSi Camoyalibebuli iyo kaTolikos-
patriarqis erTguli e.w. „reaqciuli” samRvdeloebis da-
sustebisa da uRmerTo xelisuflebis mxardamWeri „pro-
gresuli” samRvdeloebis gaZlierebis konkretuli geg-
ma. wm. ambrosis janmrTelobis mkveTrad gauaresebam
daaCqara aRniSnuli gegmis sisruleSi moyvana. am mizniT
1926w. 24-25 dekembers quTaisSi gaimarTa prosaxelisu-
flebo dajgufebis mier ukanonod mowveuli kreba. man
29
gaauqma sakaTolikoso sabWo da mis nacvlad droebiTi
saeklesio mmarTveloba Camoayaliba, romlis Semadgen-
lobaSi ZiriTadad e.w. progresistebi Sevidnen. Tanamde-
boba iZulebiT datova kaTolikos-patriarqis mudmivma
mosaydrem mitropolitma kalistratem. imdenad didi iyo
wm. ambrosis avtoriteti samRvdeloebaSi da sazogadoe-
baSi, rom TviT teroristulma sabWoTa reJimmac ki ver
gabeda iZulebiT, vadaze adre misi gadayeneba, samagi-
erod Seqmna yvela winapiroba misi uwmindesobis Semdeg
ukve eklesiis saTaveSi „progresistebis” mosayvanad.
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi uwmind-
esi da unetaresi ambrosi 1927w. 29 marts gardaicvala.
daikrZala 3 aprils sionis sakaTedro taZarSi. sabWoTa
reJimma Tavisi represiuli zomebiT mxolod is SesZlo,
rom daaCqara kaTolikos-patriarqis gardacvaleba, ma-
gram ver moaxerxa misi damorCileba. uwmindesi da une-
taresi ambrosi daumarcxebeli wavida am qveynidan, wavi-
da rogorc simbolo TavisuflebisaTvis brZolisa, saok-
upacio reJimTan Seurigeblobisa, mSobliuri qveynisa da
eklesiisTvis Tavdadebisa. misma am brZolam saerTa-
Soriso aRiareba da TanagrZnoba moipova. 1927w. 23 ivliss,
rodesac qarTuli emigraciis mecadineobiT parizis
berZnul eklesiaSi wm. ambrosis sulis mosaxseniebeli
panaSvidi iqna gadaxdili, mas daeswro safrangeTis
mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris mdivani, safrangeTis yvela ek-
lesiis warmomadgeneli da bevri cnobili sazogado moR-
vawe, ukrainis devnili mTavrobis Tavmjdomare (n.
prokopoviCi), azerbaijanis, somxeTis, CrdiloeT kavkasi-
is aseve devnili mTavrobebis warmomadgenlebi, argenti-
nis, luqsemburgis, ungreTis, estoneTis, litvis, rumine-
Tis elCebi, waikiTxes uamravi samZimris depeSa. 70- wliani
sabWouri okupaciis mTeli periodis manZilze wm. ambro-
sis saxeli, mis mier genuis konferenciaze gagzavnili mem-
orandumi saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi damoukide-
blobis aRsadgenad mebrZolTaTvis, gansakuTrebiT am
uTanasworo, magram wmindaTa wminda brZolis ucxoel
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mxardamWerTaTvis warmoadgenda utyuar mtkicebulebas
imisa, rom 1921 wels saqarTvelos demokratiuli respub-
lika gaxda msxverpli ara Sida procesebisa, ara saxalxo
revoluciisa, aramed mosaxleobis nebis winaaRmdeg
ganxocielebuli gareSe intervenciisa, okupaciisa da
aneqsiisa, romelsac qarTveli xalxi ar Seguebia. es yove-
live ki Cveni qveynis ucxoel gulSematkivarTaTvis imas
niSnavda, rom saqarTvelos, rogorc dapyrobili qveynis,
brZola TviTgamorkvevisaTvis iyo samarTliani da igi
saerTaSoriso mxardaWeras imsaxurebda. am Tval-
sazrisiT metad mniSvnelovani da sainteresoa amerikis
SeerTebuli Statebis kongresis 1975w. 13 martis sxdoma,
romelzec TeTri saxlis winaswari SekveTiT erTa TviT-
gamorkvevis sakiTxze naxevarsaaTiani moxsenebiT gamov-
ida kongresmeni jou devid vagoneri (1918-2007ww). man
kongress gaacno ambrosi xelaias memorandumis sruli
teqsti da ganacxada: „saqarTvelo patara eria, romelic
baltiuri respublikebis msgavsad ZaliT SeierTa sabWo-
Ta kavSirma. 1922w. 7 Tebervals saqarTvelos Zveli mar-
Tlmadidebeli eklesiis patriarqma ambrosim amaRelve-
beli mowodebiT mimarTa civilizebul qveynebs, rom-
lebic maSin monawileobas iRebdnen genuis saerTaSoriso
konferenciaSi... ambrosi patriarqis mowodeba iseTive
aqtualuria dRes, rogorc 1922 wels ara marto
saqarTvelosTvis, aramed yvela im erisTvis, romelic
mieltvis Tavisuflebasa da damoukideblobas”. kaToli-
kos-patriarq ambrosis memorandumi moxseniebulia
agreTve amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis senatis 1989w. 19
aprilis 110 rezoluciaSi „sabWoeTis mier aneqsirebuli
saqarTvelos Sesaxeb”, romelic jesi aleqsander helms-
ma umcrosma (1921-2008ww) moamzada. sxvadasxva istoriu-
li da samarTlebrivi argumentebis moSveliebiT, re-
zolucia, romelic bevr CvenTagans kargad axsovs, mxars
uWerda saqarTvelos damoukideblobis aRdgenis moTx-
ovnas. erT-erTi argumenti ki aseTi iyo:
„saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis kaToli-
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kos-patriarqma ambrosim 1922 wels mxardaWerisTvis mi-
marTa genuis konferencias, raTa saerTaSoriso sazoga-
doebis zegavleniT sabWoTa ruseTs gaeyvana jarebi
saqarTvelos respublikidan.”
amrigad, gardacvalebis Semdegac kaTolikos-patri-
arq ambrosis saxeli, misi ukvdavi suli, istoriul memo-
randumSi Cadebuli idea saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi
damoukideblobis aRdgenisa mosvenebas ar aZlevdnen
okupantebs, agrZelebdnen brZolas Cveni qveynis deoku-
paciisTvis da TavisuflebisTvis.
qarTulma samociqulo eklesiam saTanadod daafasa
uwmindesi da unetaresi ambrosis Rvawli qveynisa da ek-
lesiis winaSe. wminda sinodis 1995w. 17 seqtembris sxdomam
meufe danielis (daTuaSvili) moxsenebis safuZvelze igi
wmindanTa dasSi Seracxa wminda aRmsareblis saxelwodeb-
iT. xsenebis dRed 16 (29) marti dawesda. ufro didi pativi
vidre wmindanad Seracxva ar arsebobs, magram unda vaRi-
aroT, rom Cven mainc valSi varT wm. ambrosis xsovnis
winaSe. jerac ar Seqmnila misi srulyofili biografia,
ar aris bolomde moZiebuli da gamocemuli wmindanis
Sromebi, TiTqmis sam aseulze meti brwyinvale qadageba
da a.S. gaiTvaliswina ra yovelive es, afxazeTis avtono-
miuri respublikis umaRlesi sabWos prezidiumi Tavisi a.w.
12 oqtombris specialuri dadgenilebiT mokrZalebiT
sTxovs uwmindes da unetares sruliad saqarTvelos ka-
Tolikos-patriarqs, mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepisko-
poss, biWvinTisa da cxum-afxazeTis mitropolits ilia II
-s 2011 wlis 19 oqtombridan momdevno erTi weli gamocx-
addes wminda aRmsarebeli ambrosis wlad. imedi gvaqvs,
Cveni sazeimo sxdomac mxars dauWers umaRlesi sabWos
iniciativas. amiT meti stimuli da ufro organizebuli
saxe miecema wminda ambrosis cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis
Semdgom Seswavla-popularizacias.

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