MiCOM M231

Service Manual M231/EN M/B11

MiCOM M231 Page 1/32

CONTENT

1. INTRODUCTION 3

2. SYSTEM MODES 4
2.1 Connection mode 4
2.1.1 Valid measurements 4
2.2 Power mode 5
2.3 Operating energy quadrants 6

3. INSTRUMENTATION 7
3.1 Measurements 7
3.1.1 Voltage 7
3.1.2 Current 7
3.1.3 Angles between Phases 7
3.1.4 Frequency 7
3.1.5 Harmonics 7
3.2 Power, power factor and energy 8
3.2.1 Power 8
3.2.2 Power factor 8
3.2.3 Energy 8
3.3 Demand values 9
3.3.1 Real time clock 9
3.3.2 Maximum demands (MDs) 9
3.3.3 Average demands 9
3.3.3.1 Fixed window 9

3.3.3.2 Sliding window 9

3.3.3.3 Thermal Demand 9

3.4 Digital Outputs 9

4. COMMUNICATIONS 10
4.1 RS232 communications 10
4.2 RS485 communications 10

5. USER INTERFACE MENU STRUCTURE 11

5.1 Measurements menu 12
5.1.1 Energy meters menu 13
5.2 Settings 14
5.2.1 Password menu 15
5.2.2 Language menu 16
5.2.3 Display menu 17
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5.2.4 Real time clock menu 17

5.2.5 Pulsed outputs menu 18
5.2.6 Reset MD Menu 18
5.2.6.1 Synchronisation 18

5.2.6.2 Reset MD since last reset 18

5.2.6.3 Reset MD for Present Period 19

5.2.7 Maximum demand calculations menu 20
5.2.8 Communication Menu 21
5.2.9 Connection menu 21
5.2.9.1 CT Ratio 22

5.2.9.2 Connection input 22

5.2.9.3 VT Ratio 22

5.3 Battery 23
5.3.1 Battery replacement 23
5.4 Default settings 23

6. TECHNICAL DATA 24
6.1 Ratings 24
6.1.1 Voltage input 24
6.1.2 Current input 24
6.1.3 Frequency 24
6.1.4 AC auxiliary supply 24
6.1.5 DC auxiliary supply 24
6.2 Accuracy 25
6.3 Relay outputs 25
6.4 Real time clock 25
6.5 Back up battery 25
6.6 Communication ports 26
6.6.1 RS232 Port 26
6.6.2 RS485 Port 26
6.7 Product Safety 26
6.8 Environmental withstand 27
6.8.1 Atmospheric environment 27
6.8.2 Construction 27
6.9 CT and VT connections 27
6.10 Power supply, communications and pulsed output connections 30
6.11 Dimensions 31
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1. INTRODUCTION
The M231 Measurement Centre integrates a number of measurement, monitoring and
metering functions in the same unit for comprehensive power system management. The use
of numerical technology achieves high accuracy over a wide dynamic measuring range for
instantaneous and integrated power system parameters. The M231 also provides a host of
other measurement, monitoring and metering facilities as detailed below:

• Instrumentation.

− Measured parameters as shown in Table 1.

− High accuracy, typically 0.5% for current and voltage.

− True RMS measurement.

− Display of primary quantities.

• Metering Facilities.

− Active and reactive energy metering.

− Demand metering.

• User friendly design.

− Large clear liquid crystal display.

− Programming from front panel and communications port.

− RS485 or RS232 Modbus protocol is available.

The device is therefore ideally suited to applications where continuous monitoring of a single
or three-phase system is required.

Instantaneous Measurements Parameters

Phase voltages Ua, Ub, Uc
Average phase voltage U
Line voltages Uab, Ubc, Uca
Average line voltage U∆
Current Ia, Ib, Ic, It

Neutral current In

Active power Pa, Pb, Pc, Pt

Reactive power Qa, Qb, Qc, Qt
Apparent power Sa, Sb, Sc, St
Power factor cosϕa, cosϕb, cosϕc, cosϕt
Frequency Frequency
Total Harmonic Distortion %THD Ia, %THD Ib, %THD Ic
Total Harmonic Distortion %THD Ua, %THD Ub, %THD Uc
Total Harmonic Distortion %THD Uab, %THD Ubc, %THD Uca
Integrated/ Maximum Demands
Maximum demand It, Pt, Qt, St

Energy Wht, varht

TABLE 1 : MEASURED PARAMETERS

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2. SYSTEM MODES
2.1 Connection mode

The connection mode of the M231 is menu-configurable. The following options are available:

• 1b - single phase connection,

• 3b - three-phase, three-wire connection with balanced load,

• 4b - three-phase, four-wire connection with balanced load,

• 3u - three-phase, three-wire connection with unbalanced load

• 4u - three-phase, four-wire connection with unbalanced load.

2.1.1 Valid measurements
Table 2 lists the valid measurements for each connection type.

Parameter Connection type

1b 3b 4b 4u 3u
Ua • • •
Ub • •
Uc • •
U • • • •
Uab • • • •
Ubc • • • • •
Uca • • • •
U∆ • • • •
Ia • • • • •

Ib • • • •

Ic • • • •

It • • • • •

In •
cosϕa • • •
cosϕb • •
cosϕc • •
cosϕt • • • • •
Pa • • •
Pb • •
Pc • •
Pt • • • • •
Qa • • •
Qb • •
Qc • •
Qt • • • • •
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Parameter Connection type

Sa • • • •
Sb • •
Sc • •
St • • • • •
%THD Ia • • • • •
%THD Ib • • • •
%THD Ic • • • •
%THD Ua • • •
%THD Ub • •
%THD Uc • •
%THD Uab • • • •
%THD Ubc • • • •
%THD Uca • • • •
TABLE 2 : VALID MEASUREMENTS FOR EACH CONNECTION TYPE.

2.2 Power mode

The power mode is used for the signing of power measurements. The user cannot set the
M231 power mode. It is defined as follows:

• When displaying active power, a positive sign indicates export power

(a consumer) whilst a negative sign indicates import power (a generator).

• When displaying reactive power, a coil symbol indicates an inductive load

(a consumer) whilst a capacitor symbol indicates a capacitive load (a generator).
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2.3 Operating energy quadrants

The operating energy quadrants are used to determine which types of energy are added to
the energy counters. The user may modify the operating energy quadrants via the remote
communications interface. The default operating energy quadrants are as follows:

• Counter 1 – displays active energy: only export energy

(a consumer) is measured.

• Counter 2 - displays reactive energy: only import reactive energy

(a consumer) is measured.
The four power quadrants are defined in Figure 1. The user may customise the energy
meters to accumulate the desired values of energy to application specific requirements.
Using the Modbus data register the user must enter the following information for each
counter:

• Energy type - active or reactive.

• Operating energy quadrants - select the required operating energy quadrants.

• Absolute Value - if this is chosen only the absolute value of energy recorded.

• Inverted value - if this is selected the polarity of the power used to accumulate the
desired energy is reversed.

Q (Cap)
Lagging vars to generator

Import Q Import Q
Import P Qua rant 2 Qua rant 1 Export P

S S
Q Q

P P
Power to generator Power to consumer
P -- P P +

Q Q
S S

Qua rant 3 Qua rant 4

Export Q Export Q
Import P Export P

Lagging vars to consumer

Q (Ind)

FIGURE 1 : POWER QUADRANTS

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3. INSTRUMENTATION
3.1 Measurements

With the increase in harmonics present in today's power systems, due to the increased use
of electronic loads such as computers, variable frequency drives, etc. it is important, when
accurate monitoring of electrical parameters is required, to use a measuring technique that
allows for their presence. Conventional measurement methods, that use a mean sensing
technique, respond to the mean or average of the input waveform. This is only accurate
when the input waveform approaches a pure sinusoid.
The M231 uses a true RMS (root-mean-square) measurement technique that provides
accurate measurement with harmonics present up to the 15th harmonic. The M231 reads 64
samples per cycle and the true RMS measurement is obtained using these sampled values.

3.1.1 Voltage
All versions of the M231 except for the 3-phase 3-wire versions, measure the true RMS
value of the phase voltages (U a, Ub, Uc) connected to the unit. The three line voltages (U ab,
Ubc, Uca), average phase voltage (U) and average line voltage (U ∆) are calculated from
these measured parameters. For 3-phase 3-wire balanced systems, the M231 creates a
virtual neutral internally.

The 3-phase 3-wire versions of the M231 measure the true RMS value of the phase to phase
voltage.
The available phase, line and average voltages can be viewed on the M231 display or via
the remote communications link.
3.1.2 Current

The M231 measures the true RMS value of the phase currents ( Ia, Ib, Ic) connected to the
unit. The neutral current ( In), the average of all phase currents and the sum of all phase
currents (It) are calculated from the three phase currents.

The available phase currents, average current and neutral current can be viewed on the
M231 display or via the remote communications link whilst the sum of all phase currents is
only available via the remote communications link.
3.1.3 Angles between Phases

Angles between phases indicate the angles between the vectors of phase voltages. A
positive mark indicates correct phase sequence, while a negative mark indicates an opposite
phase sequence of the measured system.
3.1.4 Frequency
The system frequency is calculated from the time period of the measured voltage and can be
viewed from both the M231 display and the remote communications link.

3.1.5 Harmonics
The percentage total harmonic distortion (%THD) value is the ratio of the sum of the powers
of the harmonic frequencies above the fundamental frequency to the power of the
fundamental frequency. This sum of the powers is a geometric total, formed by taking the
square root of the sum of the squares of the amplitude of each of the harmonics.
The M231 provides %THD values for each phase current, each phase voltage, and for the
line voltages.
This feature is an order option.
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3.2 Power, power factor and energy

3.2.1 Power

The M231 provides accurate measurement of active (Pa, Pb, Pc, Pt), reactive (Qa, Qb, Qc,
Qt) and apparent power (S a, Sb, Sc, St). For a four-wire system the powers are calculated
both for each phase separately and as a total. For a three-wire system only total power
values are measured.

When displaying active power, a positive sign indicates export power

(a consumer) whilst a negative sign indicates import power (a generator).
When displaying reactive power, a coil symbol indicates an inductive load
(a consumer) whilst a capacitor symbol indicates a capacitive load (a generator).
All the available power parameters can be viewed using either the M231 display or via the
remote communications link.

3.2.2 Power factor

The power factor is calculated as a quotient of active and apparent power for each phase
separately (cosϕa, cosϕb, cosϕc) and as a total (cos ϕt). A positive sign and a coil symbol
denotes an inductive load (a consumer) whilst a negative sign and a capacitor symbol
defines a capacitive load (a generator).
All available power factor parameters can be read from the M231 display or via the remote
communications link.
3.2.3 Energy

Four counters are available so that energy in each of the four quadrants can be measured.
The configuration of the four counters can be adapted to the customer's needs via the
remote serial communications link.
All four energy measurements may be viewed using either the M231 display or a remote
communications link.
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3.3 Demand values

The M231 provides maximum demand values from a variety of average demand values
(fixed window, sliding window and thermal) for the following electrical parameters:

• Total active power (Pt).

• Total reactive power (Qt).

• Total apparent power (S t).

• Sum of phase currents (It).

3.3.1 Real time clock

The M231 is provided with a built-in real time clock. It is intended for registration of time of
the occurrence of Maximum demands, and for synchronisation of the time interval.
3.3.2 Maximum demands (MDs)

The M231 stores the maximum demand value since last reset and its corresponding time
stamp. The unit also displays the present or 'dynamic' maximum demand.
3.3.3 Average demands
3.3.3.1 Fixed window

The fixed interval method calculates an average demand value over a fixed time period. The
period can be set over the range 1 to 255 minutes.

3.3.3.2 Sliding window

The sliding window technique allows the user to divide the time period into a number of sub-
periods. The average demand value over the demand period is displayed, however, after the
initial demand period has elapsed, the demand value will be updated by the addition of a
further sub-period, thus creating a 'sliding window' measurement. For example if the total
period is 30 minutes (consisting of 5 sub-periods of 6 minutes duration), after the first 5 sub-
periods have elapsed a new window will be added and the oldest window will be deleted,
thus creating a sliding window. The number of sub-periods may be set between 2 to 15.

3.3.3.3 Thermal Demand

The thermal demand option will provide an exponential thermal characteristic, based on the
bimetal element principal. Maximum demand and the time of its occurrence are stored in the
unit.

3.4 Digital Outputs

The M231 can be supplied with two pulsed outputs that can be used for external monitoring
of energy consumption. The energy measuring via the pulsed outputs corresponds to the
basic energy measurement on the M231 display. The pulsed outputs' energy measurement
can be adapted to the customers needs via the remote communications link.
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4. COMMUNICATIONS
The M231 is supplied with either RS232 or RS485 electrically isolated communications and
should be specified at ordering. The communications protocol is MODBUS RTU, which is
detailed in the Appendix of this Service Manual. The communications service enables
remote viewing of measurements and viewing and setting of system parameters.

4.1 RS232 communications

The connection of RS232 communications between the M231 and a PC is detailed in Table
3. The maximum connection length is 15 metres.

M231 terminal 9 pin D connector (PC) 25 pin D connector (PC)

Rx (19) Tx (3) Tx(2)
GND (20) GND (5) GND(7)
Tx (21) Rx (2) Rx(3)

TABLE 3 : RS232 CONNECTIONS

4.2 RS485 communications

RS485 communications enables simultaneous connection to a maximum of 32

communicating devices. Two-wire RS485 only is used. For RS485 communications, the PC
will require either an internal RS485 communications port or an external RS232/RS485
interface. In both cases the device must provide automatic RS485 data flow control. The
maximum connection length is 1000 metres. Conductors Data+ and Data- should be
terminated with a 120Ω terminating resistor on the last unit in the RS485 link. Table 4 details
the RS485 connections.

M231 terminal RS485

19 DATA +
20 shield
21 DATA -

TABLE 4 : RS485 CONNECTIONS

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5. USER INTERFACE MENU STRUCTURE

The settings, measurements and functions of the M231 can be accessed from either the
front panel or the remote communications link.
The menu structure of the M231 is navigated using the four keys on the front panel.
Throughout this section the arrows in the diagrams relate to pressing the corresponding key
on the front panel.

The M231 has four levels of access:

• L0 - No password is required. This allows the user to browse through the

measurements and the set display.

• L1 - Level 1 password required. In addition to the access rights of L0, the following are
available; set the real time clock, reset and synchronise maximum demand and reset
the energy meters.

• L2 - Level 2 password required. In addition to the rights of L0 and L1 the following are
available; setting of pulsed outputs, demand calculations, communications settings
and connection modes.

• L3 - Level 3 password required. This level is accessible only via the remote
communications interface and is used for factory calibration and service.

The M231 is supplied with both L1 and L2 passwords set to AAAA. AAAA passwords offer
no level of protection; all measurements and settings can be modified. The L1 and L2
passwords must be changed from AAAA to activate password level protection.

When the M231 is first connected to the power system the user is greeted with the message
shown in Figure 2.

Measurement
Centre M231

FIGURE 2 : GREETING
After a period of five seconds the M231 display automatically defaults to display the energy
meters as shown in Figure 3.

1 EXPORT kWh
0000000.00
2 IMPORT kvarh
0000000.00

FIGURE 3 : ENERGY METERS

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5.1 Measurements menu

Figure 4 illustrates the measurements menu structure. The user can browse through the
available measurements without entering any password. The user will automatically be
prompted to enter a password where required to modify settings or reset measurements.

10 EXPORT kWh 30 IMPORT kWh

1 * RESET
0000000.00 0000000.00 2 * RESET
20 IMPORT kvarh 40 EXPORT kvarh
3 * RESET
0000000.00 0000000.00 4 * RESET

SETTING

09:APR:2004
07:12:34

PF TOTAL +0.003 ß PHASE a

+0.003ß +0.003 ß PHASE b
FREQUENCY +0.003ß PHASE c

00.00Hz

000.00 W+ TOTAL 000.00 W+ PHASE a 000.00 VAR PHASE a 000.00 VA P HASE a

000.00 VAR TOTAL 000.00 W+ P HASE b 000.00 VAR P HASE b 000.00 VA P HASE b
000.00 VA TOTAL 000.00 W+ P HASE c 000.00 VAR PHASE c 000.00 VA P HASE c

000.0 V LINE a -b AVERAGE 000.56% THD U LINE a -b -041.56˚ a-b

000.0 V LINE b -c 000.00 V 000.56% THD U LINE b-c +046.31˚ b-c
000.0 V LINE c - a 000.56% THD U LINE c-a -001.56˚ c-a

000.0 V PHASE a AVERAGE 000.5 6% THD U PHASE a

000.0 V PHASE b 000.00 V 000.56% THD U PHASE b
000.0 V PHASE c 000.56% THD U PHASE c

0000.0 mA PHASE a NEUTRAL 000.56% THD I PHASE a

0000.0 mA PHASE b 0.000 A 000.56% THD I PHASE b
0000.0 mA PHASE c AVERAGE 000.56% THD I PHASE c
0000.0 mA

PRESENT MD PRESENT MD PRESENT MD PRESENT MD

Pt= +00.00 W It= +00.00 mA Qt= +00.00 var St= +00.00 VA
MD at 05.APR 08:12 MD at 05.APR 08:12 MD at 05.APR 08:12 MD at 05.APR 08:12
Pt= +000.0 W It= +000.0 mA Qt= +000.0 var St= +000.0 VA

FIGURE 4 : MEASUREMENTS MENU

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5.1.1 Energy meters menu

A level 1 or 2 password must be entered to gain access to reset the energy meters shown in
Figure 5. The user can either reset any of the four energy counters separately, or reset
energy counters 1 to 4 simultaneously. To reset the chosen counter the → key must be held
for five seconds.

30 IMPORT kWh 1 * RESET * 1 * RESET * 5

0000000.00 2 * RESET * 2 * RESET * 5
40 EXPORT kvarh 3 * RESET * 3 * RESET * 5
0000000.00 4 * RESET * 4 * RESET * 5

4 * RESET * 4 * RESET * 5

3 * RESET * 3 * RESET * 5

2 * RESET * 2 * RESET * 5

1 * RESET * 1 * RESET * 5

FIGURE 5 : ENERGY METERS MENU

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5.2 Settings

Figure 6 illustrates the main setting menu.

SETTIN PASSWOR

LANGUAGE

DISPLA

LOCK

PULSE OUTPU

RESET MD

DEMAND CALCULA IONS

OMMUNICA ION

CONNECTION

FIGURE 6 : SETTING MENU

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5.2.1 Password menu

Figure 7 illustrates the password menu. The user may; enter the desired level of password,
cancel the current password, set level 1 password or set level 2 password. A password
consists of four letters from A to Z. The ← and → keys are used to select each character in
turn, whilst the ↑ and ↓ keys scroll through the available characters. To enter the password
press the → key after the last character has been modified.
The M231 monitors the level of entered password. If no key is pressed for 15 minutes, the
password is automatically cancelled.
Each level's password is the same both via the front panel and the remote communications
interface. The factory-set default for level 1 and level 2 is AAAA. On receipt of the unit both
levels of password should be modified to invoke password protection.

PASSWORD ENTER PASSWORD: ENTER PASSWORD:

 A * * *

CANCEL PASSWORD:

SET L2 PASSWORD: ENTER PASSWORD:

 A * * *

SET L1 PASSWORD: ENTER PASSWORD:

 A * * *

FIGURE 7 : PASSWORD MENU

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5.2.2 Language menu

Figure 8 illustrates the language menu. A level 2 password must be entered to change the
language. The ↑ and ↓ keys are used to select the required language.

LANGUAGE LANGUAGE ENGLISH LANGUAGE:

ENGLISH
SET

LANGUAGE: *
PYCCKUN
SET

LANGUAGE:
SLOVENSKI
SET

LANGUAGE:
ESPAÑOL
SET

LANGUAGE:
DEUTSCH
SET

LANGUAGE:
FRANCAIS
SET
* RUSSIAN

FIGURE 8 : LANGUAGE MENU

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5.2.3 Display menu

Figure 9 illustrates the display menu. The display settings can be modified from level 0. The
desired character is chosen with the ← and → keys and its value selected with the ↑ and ↓
keys.

The display's contrast may be set from 0 to 63, the backlight from 0 to 255 and the off time
from 0 to 54 minutes. Display illumination is switched on with the press of any key and off
after the set time from the last key pressed.

DISPLA CONTRAST: 20 CONTRAST: 20

SET

TIME OFF: 05min TIME OFF: 05min

SET

BACK LIGHT: 255 BACK LIGHT: 255

SET

FIGURE 9 : DISPLAY MENU

5.2.4 Real time clock menu

Figure 10 illustrates the real time clock menu. The real time clock can be set with level 1 or
level 2 access. For time and date settings the character is chosen with the ← and → keys
and set with the ↑ and ↓ keys. When setting the year, just the ↑ and ↓ keys are used.

CLOCK TIME: 18:05 TIME: 18:05

SET

YEAR: 1999 YEAR: 1999

SET

DATE: 11.MAY DA E: 11.MAY

SET

FIGURE 10 : CLOCK MENU

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5.2.5 Pulsed outputs menu

A level 2 password must be entered to set the pulsed outputs as illustrated in Figure 11. The
↑ and ↓ keys are used to select the required pulse rate.
The number of pulses may be set from 20P/MWh to 1P/Wh for the real energy meter output
and from 20P/Mvarh to 1P/varh for the reactive energy meter output.
The pulsed outputs are derived from the displayed energy meters and their resolution will be
affected by changes in the VT and CT ratios.

PULSE OUTPUT OUT1: 100P/kWh OUT1: 100P/kWh

SET

OUT2: 100P/kvarh OUT2: 100P/kvarh

SET

FIGURE 11 : PULSED OUTPUTS MENU

5.2.6 Reset MD Menu
A level 1 or 2 password is required to reset or synchronise the MD quantities as illustrated in
Figure 12. To synchronise MD, reset MD since last reset or reset MD for present period, the
→ key must be pressed for a period of five seconds.
5.2.6.1 Synchronisation
The synchronisation command operates differently depending on the selected mode of MD
calculation:

• Thermal mode - synchronisation has no effect.

• Fixed window - at the moment of synchronisation, calculation of the dynamic MD is

halted and considered for storage as the MD since reset. Calculation of MD is
resumed at the beginning of the next full minute.

• Sliding window - at the moment of synchronisation, calculation of the dynamic MD for

the present sub-period is halted and considered for storage as the MD for the entire
window. Calculation of MD is continued at the beginning of the next full minute of the
following sub-window.
5.2.6.2 Reset MD since last reset

When resetting MD since last reset the operation is performed differently depending on the
selected mode of MD calculation:

• Thermal mode - present MD and MD since last reset are reset.

• Fixed window - MD of the window is reset and MD since last reset is reset. At the
same time, synchronisation of the time interval is performed.

• Sliding window - MD of present sub-window, all other sub-windows and MD since last
reset are reset. At the same time, synchronisation of the time interval is performed at
the beginning of the first sub-window.
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5.2.6.3 Reset MD for Present Period

When resetting MD for the present period the operation is performed differently depending
on the selected mode of MD calculation:

• Thermal mode - MD for present period is reset.

• Fixed window - MD for present period is reset. At the same time, synchronisation of
the time interval is performed.

• Sliding window - MD for present sub-window and all other sub-windows in the time
interval are reset. At the same time, synchronisation of the time interval is performed
at the beginning of the first time interval.

RESET MD SYNCHRONISE SYNCHRONISE 5

MD SINCE RESET D SINCE RESET 5

PRESENT PERIOD PRESENT PERIOD 5

FIGURE 12 : RESET MD MENU

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5.2.7 Maximum demand calculations menu

A level 2 password must be entered to set maximum demand calculations as illustrated in
Figure 12. The following parameters may be set:

• Thermal mode.

• Fixed window - the time interval can be set between 1 to 255 minutes.

• Sliding window - the time interval can be set between 1 to 255 minutes and the
number of sub-windows between 2 to 15.

If the time interval is set to 0, the calculation of MD is switched off.

DEMAND MD MODE: MD MODE:

CALCULATIONS FIXED INTERVAL FIXED INTERVAL
SET

MD MODE:
THERMAL DEMAND
SET

MD MODE:
1S SUD.WINDOW 
SET

MD MODE:
2 SLID.WINDOW 
SET

Time C.=
Time C.=
0 0 m in .
00 m in .
SET

FIGURE 13 : DEMAND CALCULATIONS MENU

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5.2.8 Communication Menu

A level 2 password is required to set the communications parameters illustrated in Figure 13.

• Communications rate - the communications transmission rate is selected with the ↑

and ↓ keys. The selectable rate values are 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, and
(optionally) 38400, 57600 and 115200.

• Address - the communications address can be set in the range of 1 to 247. Address 0
is reserved for broadcast messaging.

• Communications data form - the length, parity and stop bit can be set for the data
form. The data form can be set as follows:
Length: 7,8 (value 8 is always used for MODBUS RTU)

Parity: n (none), o (odd) and e (even)

Stop bit: 1 or 2

COMMUNICATION RS BitRATE: 19200 RS BitRATE: 19200

SET

RS ADDRESS = 033 RS ADDRESS = 033

SET

RS FRAME: 8, N, 2 RS FR ME
ME:: 8, N, 2
SET

FIGURE 14 : COMMUNICATION MENU

5.2.9 Connection menu
A level 2 password is required to set the connection menu as illustrated in Figure 15.

CONNECTION CT = 00030/5 CT = 00030/5

SET

INPUT: 1b INPUT: 1b
SET

 VT = 0230.0 /230  VT = 0230.0 /230

SET

FIGURE 15 : CONNECTION MENU

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5.2.9.1 CT Ratio
When setting the current ratio only the primary value may be altered; the secondary value
(1A or 5A) must be specified with the order. Selectable ratios are defined in Table 5. When
'set' is displayed, the character is selected by pressing the ← and → keys and the value
modified by using the ↑ and ↓ keys. When the desired ratio has been selected the → key
should be pressed until 'set' disappears.

Ratio Ratio Step 1A CT 5A CT

1...63 1 1...63 5...315
65...315 5 65...315 325...1575
320...630 10 320...630 1600...3150
1600...3150
650...3150 50 650...3150 3250...15750
4000 - 4000 20000

TABLE 5 : CT RATIOS
5.2.9.2 Connection input

The type of connection to the power system must be set to match the physical connection
implemented. The connection type is selected with the ↑ and ↓ keys. Connection types are
as follows:

• 1b - single phase connection,

• 3b - three-phase, three-wire connection with balanced load,

• 4b - three-phase, four-wire connection with balanced load,

• 3u - three-phase, three-wire connection with unbalanced load

• 4u - three-phase, four-wire connection with unbalanced load.

5.2.9.3 VT Ratio
Both the primary and secondary values of the VT ratio may be set. The values are set in the
same manner as described for the CT ratio. When setting the voltage transformer primary
value, the decimal point is also set. The decimal point is set with the ↑ and ↓ key when the
decimal point is selected (underlined). By setting the decimal point, the resolution of the
energy display can be changed.

Voltage Range Voltage Step

10 ... 137 V 1V
140 ... 775 V 5V

TABLE 6 : SECONDARY VOLTAGE SETTINGS

Voltage Range Voltage Step

0.1 ... 1599.9 V 0.1 V
1 ... 15.999 kV 1V
10 ... 159.99 kV 10 V
100 ... 1599.9 kV 100 V

TABLE 7 : PRIMARY VOLTAGE SETTINGS

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5.3 Battery

The M241 is supplied with a lithium battery that is used to store setting and data in the event
of a auxuiliary supply failure. This battery should last 6 years in normal operation although
high temperature and humidity will shorten this time.
5.3.1 Battery replacement
replacement
When the battery is due to be replaced or when there has been a loss of auxiliary supply, the
battery status indicator
indica tor on the bottom right hand part of the front menu will flash. The M241
will remain in operation but if the battery is not replaced then the real time clock and the
maximum demand measurement data will be lost in the event of a loss of the auxiliary
supply.

FIGURE 16 : BATTERY STATUS INDICATOR

The battery can be replaced by taking the M241 out of the panel and removing the rubber
cover on the rear of the case. NOTE that removing the battery will erase all the maximum
demand data values.

FIGURE 17 : BATTERY REPLACEMENT

5.4 Default settings

The M231 is supplied with the following default settings. Changes to these settings to can be
made on the front menu or via remote communications.

Counters and registers Set at zero

Password None set
Language English

Display Contrast 20, Time off 5 min, Backlight 255

Clock Time Zone CET, Current year and date

Demand Calculation
Calculatio n MD Mode: Thermal Demand, time constant 15 min
Communication 9600bps, address: 33, RS frame :8,n,1

Connection VT 230.0/230 or 57.0/57 or 63.5/63.5

CT 5/5 or 1/1
Mode: 4u (3W4)
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6. TECHNICAL DATA
6.1 Ratings

6.1.1 Voltage input

Nominal voltage (Un) 63.5V, 120V and 230V phase to neutral

Measuring range 10 to 150% Un

Burden <0.1VA
Thermal withstand 1.5Un continuously 2Un for 1s

6.1.2 Current input

Nominal current ( In) 1A or 5A

Measuring range 0 to 160% In

Burden <0.1VA

Thermal withstand 3In continuously

25In for 3s
50In for 1s

6.1.3 Frequency
Nominal frequency (fn) 50Hz or 60Hz

Measuring range 45Hz to 65Hz

6.1.4 AC auxiliary supply

Nominal voltage (Ux) 63.5V, 120V and 230V

Operative range 80 to 120% Ux

Thermal withstand 1.2Ux continuously

1.5Ux for 10s

Nominal frequency (fx) 50Hz or 60Hz

Operative frequency range 45Hz to 65Hz

Burden <5VA

6.1.5 DC auxiliary supply

Nominal voltage (Ux) 24V to 220V

Operative range 19V to 300V

Burden <5VA
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6.2 Accuracy

Measurement

Voltage ±0.5% Un**

Phase current ±0.5% In*

Neutral current ±1% of 3 x In*

Power ±0.5% *

Power factor ±0.005

MD values ±1% *
Frequency ±0.01 Hz

Active energy IEC 61036 Class 1.0

Reactive energy IEC 61268 Class 2.0

THD ±1%***
* For these values the accuracy is % of nominal for 0 ... 100% of nominal and % of
reading above nominal.
** For voltage the accuracy is % of nominal for 10...100% of nominal and % of reading
above nominal. For voltage range 0...10% Un the max. error is 2% of nominal value.
*** Measured input (voltage, current) must be greater than 10% of the nominal. Measuring
range 0 …400%

6.3 Relay outputs

Maximum AC switching power 50VA

Maximum switching voltage 350V DC or peak AC

Maximum switching current 1A

Isolation Coil to contacts 4000 V rms
5600 V DC
Across contacts 1400 V rms
2000 V DC

Maximum pulses per hour 4000

Pulse duration 100ms

6.4 Real time clock

Accuracy ±1 minute/month (30 ppm)

6.5 Back up battery

Battery life 6 years

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6.6 Communication ports

6.6.1 RS232 Port

Connection type Point to point

Signal levels RS232

Cable type Screened multi-core
Maximum cable length 15m

Connector Screw terminals

Isolation 3.7kV rms for 1 minute between all terminals and all
other circuits

Transmission mode Asynchronous

Message format MODBUS RTU

Data rate 1200 to 115200 bits/s
6.6.2 RS485 Port

Connection type Multi-drop (32 connections per link)

Signal levels RS485
Cable type Screened twisted pair

Maximum cable length 1000m

Connector Screw terminals

Isolation 3.7kV rms for 1 minute between all terminals and other
circuits

Transmission mode Asynchronous

Message format MODBUS RTU

Data rate 1200 to 115200 bits/s

6.7 Product Safety

EN61010-1:1990 Auxiliary supply AC 600V, Installation category III

Auxiliary supply AC/DC 300V, Installation cat. III

Pollution degree 2

Test voltage 3.7kV r.m.s according to EN61010-1:1990

EMC compliance
89/336/EEC Compliance with European Commission Directive on
EMC, is claimed via the technical construction file route.

The following generic standards were used to establish conformity.

EN 62052-11:2003 Electricity metering equipment (ac), General
requirements, tests and test conditions

Part 11: Metering equipment

EN 62053-21:2003 Particular requirements:

Part 21: Static meters for active energy (classes 1 and 2)
EN 62053-23:2003 Particular requirements:

Part 23: Static meters for reactive energy (classes 2 and

3)
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Product Safety
73/23/EEC Compliance with European Commission Low Voltage
Directive

EN61010-1:2002 Safety requirements for electrical equipment for

measurement, control and laboratory use.
Part 1: General requirements

6.8 Environmental withstand

6.8.1 Atmospheric environment

Temperature and humidity

JVF (DIN 40 040) Reference range of operation 0°C to 50°C

Nominal range of operation -10°C to 65°C

Storage and transit -25°C to 70°C

Annual relative mean humidity • 75% r.h

Enclosure protection IEC 50529: 1989 IP 52

6.8.2 Construction
Case Polycarbonate. Compliance with UL 94 V0
Dimensions 96x96x108 mm

Weight 0.6kg

6.9 CT and VT connections

FIGURE 18 : EXTERNAL WIRING DIAGRAM: SINGLE PHASE (1B)

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FIGURE 19 : EXTERNAL WIRING DIAGRAM: 3-PHASE, 3-WIRE BALANCED LOAD (3B)

FIGURE 20 : EXTERNAL WIRING DIAGRAM: 3-PHASE, 4-WIRE BALANCED LOAD (4B)

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FIGURE 21 : EXTERNAL WIRING DIAGRAM: 3-PHASE, 3-WIRE UNBALANCED LOAD (3U)

FIGURE 22 : EXTERNAL WIRING DIAGRAM: 3-PHASE, 4-WIRE UNBALANCED LOAD (4U)

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6.10 Power supply, communications and pulsed output connections

13 +/~ auxiliary supply

CT1 CT3
14 -/~ auxiliary supply
15, 16 Output 1
CT2
17, 18 Output 2
19 Rx/DATA+
15 11
20 GND/shield
16 2
21 Tx/DATA -
17 5
18 8

19
20 13
21 148

FIGURE 23 : POWER SUPPLY, COMMUNICATIONS & PULSED OUTPUT CONNECTIONS

Out

100ms

24V DC R>100R
Power supply Pulse receptor
0

FIGURE 24 : TYPICAL CONNECTIONS FOR PULSE OUTPUT

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6.11 Dimensions

FIGURE 25 : M231 DIMENSIONS

FIGURE 26 : REAR CASE SHOWING EMBEDDED CT CONNECTIONS

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BLANK PAGE
Service Manual M231/EN M/B11

MiCOM M231

 APPENDIX 
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CONTENT

1. INTRODUCTION 3

2. TRANSACTIONS 4
2.1 Request 4
2.2 Response 4
2.3 Request - response cycle example 4
2.3.1 Request Frame 5
2.3.2 Response Frame 5

3. FRAMING 6
3.1 RTU framing 6

4. SUPPORTED FUNCTIONS AND USAGE 7

4.1 03 read from holding registers 7
4.1.1 Request Frame 7
4.1.2 Response Frame 7
4.2 04 read from input registers 8
4.2.1 Request Frame 8
4.2.2 Response Frame 8
4.3 06 write to a single holding register 8
4.3.1 Request Frame 8
4.3.2 Response Frame 9
4.4 16 (10 HEX) write to one or more registers 9
4.4.1 Request Frame 9
4.4.2 Response Frame 9
4.5 17 (11HEX) report slave id 10
4.5.1 Request Frame 10
4.5.2 Response Frame 10
4.6 77 (4D HEX) read measurement string 10
4.6.1 Request Frame 10
4.6.2 Response Frame 10
4.6.3 Value Codes 11
4.7 82 (52 HEX) re-read output buffer 13
4.7.1 Request Frame 13
4.7.2 Response Frame 13

5. ERROR RESPONSES 14
5.1 Exception codes 14

6. MODBUS REGISTER MAP 15

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7. MODBUS DATA TYPES 27

8. CRC CHECKING AND GENERATING 28

8.1 Generating a CRC 28
8.2 Placing the CRC into the message 29
8.3 CRC generation function 29
8.4 High order byte table 30
8.5 Low order byte table 31

9. RELATED DOCUMENTS 32
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1. INTRODUCTION
The M231 implements a subset of the Modicon Modbus RTU serial communications
standard [reference 1, Modicon Modbus Protocol Reference Guide PI - MBUS - 300 Rev. E].
Modbus is a single master multiple slave protocol suitable for a multi-drop configuration as
provided by the RS485 connection. Up to 32 devices can be connected in this way. Single -
drop RS232 connection is also possible.
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2. TRANSACTIONS
Communication operates on a master-slave basis where only one device (the master) can
initiate transactions called 'Requests'. The other devices (slaves) respond by supplying the
requested data to the master. This is called the 'Request - Response Cycle'.

Master to slave request:

Device address Function Code nx8 bit data bytes Error check

Slave to master response:

Device address Function Code nx8 bit data bytes Error check

2.1 Request

This Master to Slave transaction takes the form:

Device address:
Master addressing a slave (Address 0 is used for the broadcast address, which
all slave devices recognise.)
Function code:

E.g. 04 asks the slave to read its Input Registers and respond with their
contents.
Data bytes:
Tells the slave which register to start at and how many registers to read.

2.2 Response

This Slave to Master transaction takes the form:

Device address:

To let the master know which slave is responding.

Function code:

This is an echo of the request function code.

Data bytes:

Contains the data collected from the slave.

2.3 Request - response cycle example

Ia 160.00 A = 16000* 10-2 A

Data type “T3” 32 bit unsigned FE 00 3E 80(16)

Data held in Modbus addresses 30036(10) & 30037(10)

30036(10) - 30000(10) = 36(10) ≡ 00 24(16)
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2.3.1 Request Frame

Starting Register Register Count CRC

Slave Address
Function code HI LO LO HI
HI LO
21 04 00 24 00 02

2.3.2 Response Frame

Register Data CRC

Slave Address
Function code Byte Count HI LO HI LO
LO HI
21 04 04 FE 00 3E 80
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3. FRAMING
There are two types of message framing for the serial communications, ASCII or RTU. The
M231 supports RTU framing.

3.1 RTU framing

In RTU mode, messages start and end with a silent interval of at least 3.5 character times
(t1-t2-t3-t4 as shown below).
The advantage of this mode of framing is that it enables a greater character density and a
better data throughput. However, each message must be transmitted in a continuous stream.
If a silent interval of more than 1.5 character times occurs before completion of the frame,
the device flushes the incomplete message and assumes that the next byte will be the
address field of a new message.

Start Address Function Data CRC Check End

t1-t2-t3-t4 8 bits 8 bits n x 8 bits 16 bits t1-t2-t3-t4

The Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) field is two bytes, containing a 16 bit binary value. The
CRC value is calculated by the transmitting device, which appends the CRC to the message.
The receiving device recalculates a CRC during receipt of the message, and compares the
calculated value to the actual value it received in the CRC field. If the two values are not
equal an error results. The CRC-16 calculation is an industry standard method used for error
detection.
One frame is transmitted as 1 start bit, 8 data bits and 2 stop bit. If parity is selected then the
frame is transmitted as 1 start bit, 8 data bits, and 1 stop bit.

Where n > 1 data is transmitted most significant byte first.

The CRC check is transmitted least significant byte first.

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4. SUPPORTED FUNCTIONS AND USAGE

Code Code Function References

DEC HEX
3 03 to read from holding registers (4XXXX memory references)
4 04 to read from input registers (3XXXX memory references)
6 06 to write to a single holding register (4XXXX memory references)
16 10 to write to one or more holding registers (4XXXX memory references)
17 11 report slave ID 6 characters
77 4D read measurement string 1 byte value code (request)
82 52 re-read output buffer Use after broadcast request

4.1 03 read from holding registers

Reads the binary content of holding registers (4X references) in the slave. Broadcast is also
supported.
4.1.1 Request Frame
The query message specifies the starting register and quantity of registers (1 to 28) to be
read. Registers are addressed starting at zero.

Here is an example of a request to read registers 40009 ... 40010 from slave device 33:

Starting Register Register Count CRC

Slave Address Function Code HI LO HI LO LO HI
21 03 00 09 00 02

4.1.2 Response Frame

The register data in the response message is packed as two bytes per register, with the
binary contents right justified within each byte. For each register, the first byte contains the
high order bits and the second contains the low order bits.
Data is scanned in the slave at the rate of 28 registers per scan. The response is returned
when the data is completely assembled.

Here is an example of a response to the query:

Register Data CRC

Slave Address Function Code Byte Count HI LO HI LO LO HI
21 03 04 75 03 42 15

The contents of registers 40009 ... 40010 are 75 03 and 42 15 hex.

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4.2 04 read from input registers

Reads the binary content of input registers (3X references) in the slave. Broadcast is also
supported

4.2.1 Request Frame

The query message specifies the starting register and quantity (1 to 28) of registers to be
read. Registers are addressed starting at zero.
Here is an example of a request to read registers 30036 ... 30037 from slave device 33:

Starting Register Register Count CRC

Slave Address Function Code HI LO HI LO LO HI
21 04 00 24 00 02

4.2.2 Response Frame

The register data in the response message is packed as two bytes per register, with the
binary contents right justified within each byte. For each register, the first byte contains the
high order bits and the second contains the low order bits.
Data is scanned in the slave at the rate of 28 registers per scan. The response is returned
when the data is completely assembled.

Here is an example of a response to the query:

Register Data CRC

Slave Address Function Code Byte Count HI LO HI LO LO HI
21 04 04 FE 00 3E 80

The contents of registers 30036 ... 30037 are FE 00 and 3E 80 hex.

4.3 06 write to a single holding register

Pre-sets a value into a single holding register (4X reference). When broadcast, the function
pre-sets the same register reference in all attached slaves.
4.3.1 Request Frame
The query message specifies the register reference to be pre-set. Registers are addressed
starting at zero; register 1 is addressed as 0.
Here is an example of a request to pre-set register 40010 to 42 15 hex in slave
device 33:

Register Address Register Data CRC

Slave Address Function Code HI LO HI LO LO HI
21 06 00 0A 42 15
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4.3.2 Response Frame

The normal response is an echo of the query, returned after the register contents have been
pre-set. Here is an example of a response to the query:

Register Address Register Data CRC

Slave Address Function Code HI LO HI LO LO HI
21 06 00 0A 42 15

4.4 16 (10 HEX) write to one or more registers

Pre-sets values into a sequence of holding registers (4x references). When broadcast the
function pre-sets the same register references in all attached slaves.

4.4.1 Request Frame

The query message specifies the register references to be pre-set. Registers are addressed
starting at zero; register 1 is addressed as 0. Here is an example of a request to pre-set two
registers starting at 40000 to 41 42 and 43 44 hex (Enter Password ABCD), in slave device
33:

Starting Register Register

Slave Function Byte CRC
Register Count Data
Address Code Count
HI LO HI LO HI LO HI LO LO HI
21 16 00 00 00 02 04 41 42 4344

4.4.2 Response Frame

The normal response returns the slave address, function code, starting address, and
quantity of registers pre-set. Here is an example of a response to the query shown above.

Starting Register Register Count CRC

Slave Address Function Code
HI LO HI LO LO HI
21 16 00 00 00 02

If the password is not correct (L1 or L2 or BP), the response to the query is:

Slave Function Starting Register Register Count CRC

Address Code HI LO HI LO LO HI
21 16 00 00 00 02
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4.5 17 (11HEX) report slave id

Returns a description of the type of controller present at the slave address.

4.5.1 Request Frame

Here is an example of a request to report the ID of slave device 33:

CRC
Slave Address Function Code LO HI
21 11

4.5.2 Response Frame

The format of a normal response is shown below:

Slave Address Function Code Byte Count Register Data CRC

HI LO HI LO HI LO LO HI
21 11 06 20 4D 30 32 32 30

4.6 77 (4D HEX) read measurement string

Reads the measurement value as an ASCII string. Broadcast is also supported. See list of
value codes in section 4.6.3
4.6.1 Request Frame

The query message specifies the value code of the measurement to be read.
Here is an example of a response to read Total Real Power from slave device 33:

CRC
Slave Address Function Code Value Code
LO HI
21 4D 04

4.6.2 Response Frame

The ASCII string in the response message is packed as data bytes. The quantity of data
bytes depends on the value code.

Here is an example of the query:

Slave Function String Data CRC

Byte Count
Address Code 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. LO HI
21 4D 08 2B 32 31 2E 31 33 35 6B 49 35
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4.6.3 Value Codes

The value codes are described in the following table:

Value
Value Byte
Code Measurement Value Example String Data
Code DEC Count
Hex
00 00 Energy counter 1 15 "0000004.46kWh"
01 01 Energy counter 2 15 "0000001.24kvarh"
02 02 Energy counter 3 15 "0000005.71kWh"
03 03 Energy counter 4 15 "0000002.86kvarh"
04 04 Total Real Power 8 "+21.135k"
05 05 A Phase Real Power 8 "+7046.3"
06 06 B Phase Real Power 8 "+7037.3"
07 07 C Phase Real Power 8 "+7051.1"
08 08 Total Reactive Power 12 "1208.7 var L"
09 09 A Phase Reactive Power 12 "0400.2 var L"
10 0A B Phase Reactive Power 12 "0406.4 var L"
11 0B C Phase Reactive Power 12 "0400.9 var L"
12 0C Total I 7 "93.671"
13 0D IA 7 "31.227"
14 0E IB 7 "31.222"
15 0F IC 7 "31.222"
16 10 Average V 7 "226.06"
17 11 VA 7 "226.08"
18 12 VB 7 "225.83"
19 13 VC 7 "226.27"
20 14 Total Apparent Power 7 "21.170k"
21 15 A Phase Apparent Power 7 "7057.3"
22 16 B Phase Apparent Power 7 "7049.0"
23 17 C Phase Apparent Power 7 "7062.8"
24 18 Total Power Factor 8 "+0.998 L"
25 19 Power Factor A 8 "+0.998 L"
26 1A Power Factor B 8 "+0.998 L"
27 1B Power Factor C 8 "+0.998 L"
28 1C Frequency 7 "46.008"
29 1D Frequency 7 "46.008"
30 1E Frequency 7 "46.008"
31 1F Frequency 7 "46.008"
32 20 Total Power Angle 7 "+003.26"
33 21 Power Angle A 7 "+003.25"
34 22 Power Angle B 7 "+003.30"
35 23 Power Angle C 7 "+003.25"
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Value
Value Byte
Code Measurement Value Example String Data
Code DEC Count
Hex
36 24 IN 6 "93.67"
37 25 Angle AB 7 "+000.00"
38 26 Angle BC 7 "+000.01"
39 27 Angle CA 7 "-000.01"
40 28 Average Vxy 6 "000.3"
41 29 VAB 6 "000.2"
42 2A VBC 6 "000.24"
43 2B VCA 6 "000.2"
44 2C Dynamic Demand Value 1 13 "Pt=+9.818kW"
45 2D Dynamic Demand Value 2 12 "Qt=6.504kvar"
46 2E Dynamic Demand Value 3 12 "St=12.89kVA"

47 2F Dynamic Demand Value 4 12 "It=56.91 A"

48 30 Max Demand Since Reset 1 13 "Pt=+11.26kW"
49 31 Max Demand Since Reset 2 12 "Qt=14.64kvar"
50 32 Max Demand Since Reset 3 12 "St=18.46kVA"

51 33 Max Demand Since Reset 4 12 "It=81.01 A"

52 34 Time Stamp MD 1 12 "03.SEP 14:11"
53 35 Time Stamp MD 2 12 "03.SEP 14:10"
54 36 Time Stamp MD 3 12 "03.SEP 14:10"
55 37 Time Stamp MD 4 12 "03.SEP 14:12"
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4.7 82 (52 HEX) re-read output buffer

This function should be used after the broadcast request. The addressed slave transmits the
response frame of the previous request.

4.7.1 Request Frame

Here is an example of a request to re-read the output buffer of slave device 33:

CRC
Slave Address Function Code LO HI
21 52

4.7.2 Response Frame

The response to the query depends on the previous function code.

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5. ERROR RESPONSES
When a slave detects an error other than a CRC error, a response will be sent to the master.
The most significant bit of the function code byte will be set to 1 (i.e. the function code sent
from the slave will be equal to the function code sent from the master plus 128). The
following byte will be an exception code indicating the type of error that occurred.
The slave will ignore transmissions received from the master with CRC errors.

An example of an illegal request and the corresponding exception response is shown below.
The request in this example is to read registers 0201H to 0209H. If these addresses are not
supported in the slave then the following occurs:

Request Message
Starting Register Register Count
Address Function Code HI LO HI LO CRC
01 01 02 01 00 08 6D B4

Exception Response Message

Address Function Code Exception Code CRC

01 81 02 C1 91

5.1 Exception codes

Code Name Meaning

01 ILLEGAL FUNCTION The function code transmitted is not
one of the functions supported by the
slave.
02 ILLEGAL DATA ADDRESSES The data address received in the
request is not an allowable value for
the slave.
Write to password protected registers.
03 ILLEGAL DATA VALUE The value referenced in the data field
transmitted by the master is not within
range for the selected data address.
The register count is greater than 28
(functions 03 and 04).
06 SLAVE DEVICE BUSY The slave is engaged in processing a
long duration program command. The
master should re-transmit the
message later when the slave is free.
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6. MODBUS REGISTER MAP

The Modbus register map consists of the following columns:

Code, Address, Contents, Data type, Indicator, Values, Conditional, Register type, Min,
Max, Step and Password.

Code:

Function codes as described in Section 4.0.

Address:

16 bit register address starting from zero. Most Modbus master devices add 30000 or 40000
decimal to the actual address of the register.

Contents:

Description of parameters assigned to registers.

Data Type:

MODBUS data types T1 etc. are described in section 7.

UNSIGNED INTEGER range 0 ... 65535

one 16-bit register

SIGNED INTEGER range -32768 ... 32767

one 16-bit register
ASCII TEXT range 32 ... 159

16-bit registers (two ASCII codes per register)

BINARY FLAGS Each bit of a 16-bit register can be used as a binary flag.

Indicator:

Each bit of a 16-bit register can be either assigned as flags or filled with binary data.

Values/dependencies:

Definitions of settings, data values and any dependencies that exist between settings.

Register type:

Declares whether a register is to be read/write register (setting) or a read register (data).

Min, Max, Step:

The minimum and maximum numerical range and the incremental step size.

Password:

There is a numerical password that allows save/abort settings and a factory accessible
password constructed from the serial number that allows entry/exit to and from the
calibration and configuration settings.
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Code Address Contents Data Ind Reg. Type

SYSTEM DATA
04 30001 30003 Model Number T12 Data
04 30004 Serial Number T1 Data
04 30005 Software Ref 1 T1 Data

04 30006 Energy Counter 1 exponent T2 Data

04 30007 Energy Counter 2 exponent T2 Data
04 30008 Energy Counter 3 exponent T2 Data
04 30009 Energy Counter 4 exponent T2 Data
MEASUREMENTS
04 30010 30011 Energy Counter 1 T3 Data
04 30012 30013 Energy Counter 2 T3 Data
04 30014 30015 Energy Counter 3 T3 Data
04 30016 30017 Energy Counter 4 T3 Data
04 30018 30019 Total active power T6 Data
04 30020 30021 Phase active power L1 T6 Data
04 30022 30023 Phase active power L2 T6 Data
04 30024 30025 Phase active power L3 T6 Data
04 30026 30027 Total reactive power T6 Data
04 30028 30029 Phase reactive power L1 T6 Data
04 30030 30031 Phase reactive power L2 T6 Data
04 30032 30033 Phase reactive power L3 T6 Data
04 30034 30035 Total I T5 Data
04 30036 30037 I1 T5 Data
04 30038 30039 I2 T5 Data
04 30040 30041 I3 T5 Data
04 30042 30043 Average U T5 Data
04 30044 30045 U1 T5 Data
04 30046 30047 U2 T5 Data
04 30048 30049 U3 T5 Data
04 30050 30051 Total apparent power T5 Data
04 30052 30053 Phase apparent power L 1 T5 Data
04 30054 30055 Phase apparent power L 2 T5 Data
04 30056 30057 Phase apparent power L 3 T5 Data
04 30058 30059 Total power factor T7 Data
04 30060 30061 Phase power factor L1 T7 Data
04 30062 30063 Phase power factor L2 T7 Data
04 30064 30065 Phase power factor L3 T7 Data
04 30066 Frequency T1 Data
04 30067 Frequency T1 Data
Service Manual M231/EN M/B11
Appendix
MiCOM M231 Page 17/34

Values/Dependencies Min Max Step Pass

“ M231” 0
0
Software version 208 0

(1)
(=6 if incorrect divider @40025) -6 9 1 0
(1)
(=6 if incorrect divider @40026) -6 9 1 0
(1)
(=6 if incorrect divider @40027) -6 9 1 0
(1)
(=6 if incorrect divider @40028) -6 9 1 0

Total export active energy (default) -99999999 899999999 1 0

Total import reactive energy (default) -99999999 899999999 1 0
Pulse output 1 -99999999 899999999 1 0
Pulse output 2 -99999999 899999999 1 0
W 0
W 0
W 0
W 0
var L(if > 0); var C (if < 0) 0
var L(if > 0); var C (if < 0) 0
var L(if > 0); var C (if < 0) 0
var L(if > 0); var C (if < 0) 0
A 0
A 0
A 0
A 0
V 0
V 0
V 0
V 0
VA 0
VA 0
VA 0
VA 0
0
0
0
0
mHz 00.000 65.535 0.001 Hz 0
mHz 00.000 65.535 0.001 Hz 0
 M231/EN M/B11 Service Manual
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Code Address Contents Data Ind Reg. Type

04 30068 Frequency T1 Data

04 30069 Frequency T1 Data
04 30070 Total power angle T2 Data
04 30071 Phase power angle L1 T2 Data
04 30072 Phase power angle L2 T2 Data
04 30073 Phase power angle L3 T2 Data
04 30074 30075 IN T5 Data
04 30076 Angle 12 T2 Data
04 30077 Angle 23 T2 Data
04 30078 Angle 31 T2 Data
04 30079 30080 Average U∆ T5 Data
04 30081 30082 U12 T5 Data
04 30083 30084 U23 T5 Data
04 30085 30086 U31 T5 Data
04 30087 30088 Dynamic demand value 1 T6 Data
04 30089 30090 Dynamic demand value 2 T6 Data
04 30091 30092 Dynamic demand value 3 T6 Data
04 30093 30094 Dynamic demand value 4 T6 Data
04 30095 30096 Max demand since reset 1 T6 Data
04 30097 30098 Max demand since reset 2 T6 Data
04 30099 30100 Max demand since reset 3 T6 Data
04 30101 30102 Max demand since reset 4 T6 Data
04 30103 30104 Time stamp MD 1 T8 Data
04 30105 30106 Time stamp MD 2 T8 Data
04 30107 30108 Time stamp MD 3 T8 Data
04 30109 30110 Time stamp MD 4 T8 Data
04 30111 Time into period (minutes) T1 Data
04 30112 U1 THD% T16 Data
04 30113 U2 THD% T16 Data
04 30114 U3 THD% T16 Data
04 30115 U12 THD% T16 Data
04 30116 U23 THD% T16 Data
04 30117 U31 THD% T16 Data
04 30118 I1 THD% T16 Data
04 30119 I2 THD% T16 Data
04 30120 I3 THD% T16 Data
Service Manual M231/EN M/B11
Appendix
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Values/Dependencies Min Max Step Pass

mHz 00.000 65.535 0.001 Hz 0

mHz 00.000 65.535 0.001 Hz 0
0.01 deg -180.00 +179.99 0.01 deg 0
0.01 deg -180.00 +179.99 0.01 deg 0
0.01 deg -180.00 +179.99 0.01 deg 0
0.01 deg -180.00 +179.99 0.01 deg 0
A 0
0.01 deg -180.00 +179.99 0.01 deg 0
0.01 deg -180.00 +179.99 0.01 deg 0
0.01 deg -180.00 +179.99 0.01 deg 0
V 0
V 0
V 0
V 0
Total active power 0
Total absolute reactive power 0
Total apparent power 0
Total I 0
Total active power 0
Total absolute reactive power 0
Total apparent power 0
Total I 0
0
0
0
0
0
0.01 % 0.00 400.00 0.01 % 0
0.01 % 0.00 400.00 0.01 % 0
0.01 % 0.00 400.00 0.01 % 0
0.01 % 0.00 400.00 0.01 % 0
0.01 % 0.00 400.00 0.01 % 0
0.01 % 0.00 400.00 0.01 % 0
0.01 % 0.00 400.00 0.01 % 0
0.01 % 0.00 400.00 0.01 % 0
0.01 % 0.00 400.00 0.01 % 0
 M231/EN M/B11 Service Manual
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Code Address Contents Data Ind Reg. Type

16 40000 40001 Enter Password L1 & L2 & BP T11 A…Z Write only
16 40002 40004 Enter Configuration Password T12 A…Z Write only
16 40005 40006 Set Password level 1 T11 A…Z Write only
16 40007 40008 Set Password level 2 T11 A…Z Write only
(8)
3, 6, 16 40009 40010 Time T9 Setting
(8)
3, 6, 16 40011 40012 Date T10 Setting
6 40013 Reset Counter & MD T1 Bit-0 write only
Bit-1
Bit-2
Bit-3
Bit-8
Bit-9
Bit-10
3 40014 Calibration Voltage in V T1 read only
3 40015 Calibration Current in A/10 T1 read only
(4)
3, 6 40016 Voltage Tr. Primaries in V/10 T1 Setting
bit # 0…13 1…15999
bit # 14…15 0…3
(5)
3, 6 40017 Voltage Tr. Secondaries in V T1 Setting
(6)
3, 6 40018 Current Tr. Ratio T1 Setting
(7)
3, 6 40019 Connection Mode T1 1 Setting
9
25
5
7
3, 6 40020 Communication Settings T1 0 Setting
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Bit-3
Bit-4
Bit-5
Bit-6
Bit-7
3, 6 40021 Communication address T1 1…247 Setting
Service Manual M231/EN M/B11
Appendix
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Values/Dependencies Min Max Step Pass

0
0
1
2
1
1
Reset Counter 1 1
Reset Counter 1
Reset pulse output Counter 1
Reset pulse output Counter 2
Synchronise MD
Reset last period MD
Reset MD Values
1V 0
10 A/10 = 1 A 50 A/10 = 5 A 0.1 V 0
2300 for 230 V 0.1 V 2
Unsigned integer value 1 15999 1
Unsigned exponent 0 3 1
10 775 1 V, 5 V 2
1 4000 1 2
Single phase 2
3 phase 3 wire balanced
3 phase 4 wire balanced
3 phase 3 wire unbalanced
3 phase 4 wire unbalanced
1200 baud 2
2400 baud
4800 baud
9600 baud
19200 baud
38400 baud
57600 baud
115200 baud
‘1’ => 2 stop bits; ‘0’ => 1 stop bit
‘1’ => Odd parity; ‘0’ => Ev en parity
‘1’ => Parity; ‘0’ => No parity
‘1’ => 7 bits; ‘0’ => 8 bits (read only)
> 10 ms response time
1 247 1 2
 M231/EN M/B11 Service Manual
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Code Address Contents Data Ind Reg. Type

3, 6 40022 MD Setting bits # 0…7 T1 0 Setting

1…255
bits # 8…15 0
1
2…15
(3)
3, 6 40023 Counter 2 mode, bits # 0…7 T1 Bit-0 Setting
Bit-1
Bit-2
Bit-3
Bit-5
Bit-6
Bit-7
(3)
Counter 1 mode, bits # 8…15 Bit-8
Bit-9
Bit-10
Bit-11
Bit-13
Bit-14
Bit-15
(3)
3, 6 40024 Counter 4 mode, bits # 0…7 T1 Setting
(3)
Counter 3 mode, bits # 8…15
3, 6 40025 Counter 1 divider T1 Setting
3, 6 40026 Counter 2 divider T1 Setting
3, 6 40027 Counter 3 divider T1 Setting
3, 6 40028 Counter 4 divider T1 Setting
40029 40079 RESERVED
3, 6 40080 Starting current T1 Setting
3, 6 40081 Quartz frequency correction T2 Setting
3, 6 40082 Calibration status T1 Bit-0 Setting
Bit-1
Bit-2
Bit-3
Bit-4
Bit-5
Bit-6
Bit-7
Bit-8
Service Manual M231/EN M/B11
Appendix
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Values/Dependencies Min Max Step Pass

Disable 2
Time constant (window period; interval of sub-period)
Thermal function
Fixed window
Sliding window; # of periods
Enable quadrant 1 2
Enable quadrant 2
Enable quadrant 3
Enable quadrant 4
Absolute value
Inverted value
‘1’ => Reactive energy; 0 => Active energy
Enable quadrant 1
Enable quadrant 2
Enable quadrant 3
Enable quadrant 4
Absolute value
Inverted value
‘1’ => Reactive energy; 0 => Active energy
Same as Counter 2 mode 2
Same as Counter 1 mode
(1)
1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000 2
(1)
1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000 2
(1)
1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, …, 50000 2
(1)
1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, …, 50000 2

320 for 0.2% 3

-128 127 1 3
I1, range HI 3
I2, range HI
I3, range HI
I1, range LO
I2, range LO
I3, range LO
U1
U2
U3
 M231/EN M/B11 Service Manual
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Code Address Contents Data Ind Reg. Type

Bit-9
Bit-10
Bit-11
Bit-12
Bit-13
Bit-14
6 40083 Calibration request T1 Bit-0 write only
Bit-1
Bit-2
3, 6 40101 Language T1 0 Setting
1
2
3
4
5
6

3, 6 40102 Active access level T1 Setting

(2)
16 40110 40111 Set Energy counter 1 T3 write only
(2)
16 40112 40113 Set Energy counter 2 T3 write only
16 40114 40115 Set Energy counter 3 T3 write only
16 40116 40117 Set Energy counter 4 T3 write only
Service Manual M231/EN M/B11
Appendix
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Values/Dependencies Min Max Step Pass

Power angle phase L 1, range HI

Power angle phase L 2, range HI
Power angle phase L 3, range HI
Power angle phase L 1, range LO
Power angle phase L 2, range LO
Power angle phase L 3, range LO
Calibrate voltage inputs 3
Calibrate current inputs
Calibrate phase angles
English 2
Francais
Deutsch
Espanol
Slovenski
Russian
Dansk
Only 0 can be written 0 3 1 0
Counter 1 must be halted -99999999 899999999 1 2
Counter 2 must be halted -99999999 899999999 1 2
Counter 3 must be halted -99999999 899999999 1 2
Counter 4 must be halted -99999999 899999999 1 2

NOTE 1: If Counter 1 or Counter 2 dividers are not set to 1, 10, 100, 1000 or
10000, then the counter does not show correct decade units (k, M,
…).
If Counter 3 or Counter 4 dividers are not set to 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, … then
the pulse counter value will be incorrect.
NOTE 2: The counter is halted when all quadrants are disabled (register
address 40023/40024)
NOTE 3: Example M231 Energy Counter settings

Counter Register
Import Energy 2/4 40023/40024 set bits 1, 2 (kWh with – sign)
(kWh)
1/3 40023/40024 set bits 9, 10 (kWh with – sign)
Export Energy 2/4 40023/40024 set bits 0, 3 (kWh with + sign)
(kWh)
1/3 40023/40024 set bits 8, 11 (kWh with + sign)
Import Energy 2/4 40023/40024 set bits 0, 1, 7 (kvarh with + sign)
(kvarh)
1/3 40023/40024 set bits 8, 9, 15 (kvarh with + sign)
Export Energy 2/4 40023/40024 set bits 2, 3, 7 (kvarh with – sign)
(kvarh)
1/3 40023/40024 set bits 10, 11, 15 (kvarh with – sign)
 M231/EN M/B11 Service Manual
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NOTE 4: All values except 0 are acceptable. The exponent (bits 14 and 15)
affect the Energy Counter decimal places.
NOTE 5: List of values for Voltage Tr. Secondary – register 40017:
10 … 137 step 1, 140 … 775 step 5.
Any other value between 10 and 775 is rounded to the nearest value
in the list.
NOTE 6: List of values for Current Tr. Ratio – register 40018:
1 … 63 step 1, 65 … 315 step 5, 320 … 630 step 10, 650 … 3150
step 50, 4000. Any other value between 1 and 4000 is rounded to the
nearest upper value in the list.

NOTE 7: Connection Mode value:

bit 0: set: I1 is connected; reset: I 1 is not connected (I1, P1, Q1, S1, are 0)
bit 1: set: I2 is connected; reset: I 2 is not connected (I2, P2, Q2, S2, are 0)
bit 2: set: I3 is connected; reset: I 3 is not connected (I3, P3, Q3, S3, are 0)
bit 3: set: 3 phase balanced (P t = P1 x 3); reset unbalanced or single phase
bit 4: set: 4 wire; reset: 3 wire (only for 3 phase balanced mode)
At least one bit (0, 1, 2) must be set. If not, then all of them are set to 1
(value7).
Bit 3 can be set only when bit 0 or bit 1 or bit 2 is set.
Value 1 single phase
Value 5 3u
Value 7 4u
Value 9 3b
Value 25 4b
Note 8: Time and Date Settings
The M231 can accept invalid data. If invalid data are sent then the
M231 will display and use invalid time and date. Valid data have to be
ensured from application interface.
Service Manual M231/EN M/B11
Appendix
MiCOM M231 Page 27/34

7. MODBUS DATA TYPES

Registers defined in the Modbus database will define data as one of the data types
described in the following table:

Type Value/Bit Description

Mask
T1 Unsigned Value (16 bit)
Example: 12345 stored as 12345 = 3039 (16)
T2 Signed Value (16 bit)
Example: -12345 stored as -12345 = CFC7(16)
T3 Signed Long Value (32 bit)
Example: -123456789 stored as 123456789
075B CD 15 (16)
T5 Unsigned Measurement (32 bit)
Bit# 31..24 Decade Exponent (Signed 8 bit)
Bit# 23..00 Binary Unsigned Value (24 bit)
-3
Example: 123456*10 stored as FD01 E240(16)
T6 Signed Measurement (32 bit)
Bit# 31..24 Decade Exponent (Signed 8 bit)
bit# 23..00 Binary Signed value (24 bit)
-4
Example: - 123456*10 stored as FCFE 1DC0(16)
T7 Power Factor (32 bit)
bit# 31..24 Sign: Import/Export (00/FF)
bit# 23..16 Sign: Inductive/Capacitive (00/FF)
bit# 15..00 Unsigned Value (16 bit), 4 decimal places
Example: 0.9876 CAP stored as 00FF 2694(16)
T8 Time stamp (32 bit)
bit# 31..24 Minutes 00 - 59 (BCD)
bit# 23..16 Hours 00 - 23 (BCD)
bit# 15..08 Day of month 01 - 31 (BCD)
bit# 07..00 Month of year 01 - 12 (BCD)
Example: 15:42, 1. SEP stored as 4215 0109(16)
T9 Time (32 bit)
bit# 31..24 1/100s 00 - 99 (BCD)
bit# 23..16 Seconds 00 - 59 (BCD)
bit# 15..08 Minutes 00 - 59 (BCD)
bit# 07.00 Hours 00 - 24 (BCD)
Example: 15:42:03.75 stored as 7503 4215 (16)
T10 Date (32 bit)
bit# 31..24 Day of month 01 - 31 (BCD)
bit# 23..16 Month of year 01 - 12 (BCD)
bit# 15..00 Year (unsigned integer) 1998..4095
Example: 10, SEP 1998 stored as 1009 07CE (16)
T11 Text String 4 characters
Two ASCII characters per 16 bit register
T12 Text String 6 characters
Two ASCII characters per 16 bit register
T16 Unsigned value (16 bit), 2 decimal places
Example: 123.45 stored as 3039 (16)
 M231/EN M/B11 Service Manual
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8. CRC CHECKING AND GENERATING

In RTU mode, messages include an error-checking field that is based on a CRC method.
The CRC field checks the contents of the entire message. It is applied regardless of any
parity check method used for the individual characters of the message.

The CRC field is two bytes, containing a 16-bit binary value. The CRC value is calculated by
the transmitting device, which appends the CRC to the message. The receiving device
recalculates a CRC during receipt of the message, and compares the calculated value to the
actual value it received in the CRC field. If the two values are not equal, an error results.
The CRC is started by first pre-loading a 16-bit register to all 1's. Then a process begins of
applying successive eight-bit bytes of the message to the current contents of the register.
Only the eight bits of data in each character are used for generating the CRC. Start and stop
bits, and the parity bit, do not apply to the CRC.

During generation of the CRC, each eight-bit character is exclusive ORed with the register
contents. Then the result is shifted in the direction of the least significant bit (LSB), with a
zero filled into the most significant bit (MSB) position. The LSB is extracted and examined. If
the LSB was a 1, the register is then exclusive ORed with a pre-set, fixed value. If the LSB
was a 0, no exclusive OR takes place.
This process is repeated until eight shifts have been performed. After the last (eight) shift,
the next eight-bit byte is exclusive ORed with the register's current value, and the process
repeats for eight more shifts as described above. The final contents of the register, after all
the bytes of the message have been applied, is the CRC value.

8.1 Generating a CRC

Step 1 Load a 16-bit register with FFFF hex (all 1's). Call this the CRC register.

Step 2 Exclusive OR the first eight-bit byte of the message with the low order byte
of the 16-bit CRC register, putting the result in the CRC register.

Step 3 Shift the CRC register one bit to the right (toward the LSB), zero-filling the
MSB. Extract and examine the LSB.

Step 4 If the LSB is 0, repeat Step 3 (another shift). If the LSB is 1, Exclusive OR
the CRC register with the polynomial value A001 hex (1010 0000 0000
0001).

Step 5 Repeat Steps 3 and 4 until eight shifts have been performed. When this is
done, a complete eight-bit byte will have been processed.

Step 6 Repeat Steps 2...5 for the next eight-bit byte of the message. Continue doing
this until all bytes have been processed.

Result The final contents of the CRC register is the CRC value.

Step 7 When the CRC is placed into the message, its upper and lower bytes must
be swapped as described below.
Service Manual M231/EN M/B11
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MiCOM M231 Page 29/34

8.2 Placing the CRC into the message

When the 16-bit CRC (two bytes) is transmitted in the message, the low order byte will be
transmitted first, followed by the high order byte.

When the CRC is appended to the message, the low order-byte is appended first, followed
by the high-order byte.
In ladder logic, the CKSM function calculates a CRC from the message contents. For
applications using host computers, a detailed example of CRC generation is given below.

Example:
An example of a C language function performing CRC generation is shown on the following
pages. All of the possible CRC values are preloaded into two arrays, which are simply
indexed as the function increments through the message buffer. One array contains all of the
256 possible CRC values for the high byte of the 16-bit field, and the other array contains all
of the values for the low byte.
Indexing the CRC in this way provides faster execution than would be achieved by
calculating a new CRC value with each new character from the message buffer.

NOTE: This function performs the swapping of the high/low CRC bytes
internally. The bytes are already swapped in the CRC value that is
returned from the function. Therefore, the CRC value returned from
the function can be directly placed into the message for transmission.
The function takes two arguments:
unsigned char *puchMsg; A pointer to the message buffer
containing binary data to be used for
generating the CRC
unsigned short usDataLen; The quantity of bytes in the message
buffer

The function returns the CRC as a type unsigned short.

8.3 CRC generation function

unsigned short CRC16 (puchMsg, usDataLen)
unsigned char *puchMsg; /* message to calculate CRC upon */
unsigned short usDataLen; /* quantity of bytes in message */
{
unsigned char uchCRCHi - 0xFF; /* high CRC byte initialized */
unsigned char uchCRCLo = 0xFF; /* low CRC byte initialized */
unsigned uIndex; /* will index into CRC lookup */
/* table */
while (usDataLen - -) /* pass through message buffer */
{
uIndex = uchCRCHi ^ *puchMsgg++ ; /* calculate the CRC */
uchCRCHi = uchCRCLo ^ auchCRCHi (uIndex) ;
uchCRCLo = auchCRCLo (uIndex) ;
}
return (uchCRCHi <<8 I uchCRCLo) ;
}
 M231/EN M/B11 Service Manual
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8.4 High order byte table

/* Table of CRC values for high - order byte */

static unsigned char auchCRCHi [] = {

0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0,
0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0,
0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40,
0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1,
0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1,
0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0,
0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40,
0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1,
0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40,
0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0,
0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40,
0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0,
0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40,
0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0,
0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0,
0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0,

0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40,
0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1,
0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0x0,
0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40

} ;
Service Manual M231/EN M/B11
Appendix
MiCOM M231 Page 31/34

8.5 Low order byte table

/* Table of CRC values for low-order byte */

static char auchCRCLo [] = {

0x00, 0xC0, 0xC1, 0x01, 0xC3, 0x03, 0x02, 0xC2, 0xC6, 0x06,
0x07, 0xC7, 0x05, 0xC5, 0xC4, 0x04, 0xCC, 0x0C, 0x0D, 0xCD,
0x0F, 0xCF, 0xCE, 0x0E, 0x0A, 0xCA, 0xCB, 0x0B, 0xC9, 0x09,
0x08, 0xC8, 0xD8, 0x18, 0x19, 0xD9, 0x1B, 0xDB, 0xDA, 0x1A,
0x1E, 0xDE, 0xDF, 0x1F, 0xDD, 0xID, 0x1C, 0xDC, 0x14, 0xD4,
0xD5, 0x15, 0xD7, 0x17, 0x16, 0xD6, 0xD2, 0x12, 0x13, 0xD3,
0x11, 0xD1, 0xD0, 0x10, 0xF0, 0x30, 0x31, 0xF1, 0x33, 0xF3,
0xF2, 0x32, 0x36, 0xF6, 0xF7, 0x37, 0xF5, 0x35, 0x34, 0xF4,
0x3C, 0xFC, 0xFD, 0x3D, 0xFF, 0x3F, 0x3E, 0xFE, 0xFA, 0x3A,
0x3B, 0xFB, 0x39, 0xF9, 0xF8, 0x38, 0x28, 0xE8, 0xE9, 0x29,
0xEB, 0x2B, 0x2A, 0xEA, 0xEE, 0x2E, 0x2F, 0xEF, 0x2D, 0xED,
0xEC, 0x2C, 0xE4, 0x24, 0x25, 0xE5, 0x27, 0xE7, 0xE6, 0x26,
0x22, 0xE2, 0xE3, 0x23, 0xE1, 0x21, 0x20, 0xE0, 0xA0, 0x60,
0x61, 0xA1, 0x63, 0xA3, 0xA2, 0x62, 0x66, 0xA6, 0xA7, 0x67,
0xA5, 0x65, 0x64, 0xA4, 0x6C, 0xAC, 0xAD, 0x6D, 0xAF, 0x6F,
0x6E, 0xAE, 0xAA, 0x6A, 0x6B, 0xAB, 0x69, 0xA9, 0xA8, 0x68,
0x78, 0xB8, 0xB9, 0x79, 0xBB, 0x7B, 0x7A, 0xBA, 0xBE, 0x7E,
0x7F, 0xBF, 0x7D, 0xBD, 0xBC, 0x7C, 0xB4, 0x74, 0x75, 0xB5,
0x77, 0xB7, 0xB6, 0x76, 0x72, 0xB2, 0xB3, 0x73, 0xB1, 0x71,
0x70, 0xB0, 0x50, 0x90, 0x91, 0x51, 0x93, 0x53, 0x52, 0x92,
0x96, 0x56, 0x57, 0x97, 0x55, 0x95, 0x94, 0x54, 0x9C, 0x5C,
0x5D, 0x9D, 0x5F, 0x9F, 0x9E, 0x5E, 0x5A, 0x9A, 0x9B, 0x5B,
0x99, 0x59, 0x58, 0x98, 0x88, 0x48, 0x49, 0x89, 0x4B, 0x8B,
0x8A, 0x4A, 0x4E, 0x8E, 0x8F, 0x4F, 0x8D, 0x4D, 0x4C, 0x8C,
0x44, 0x84, 0x85, 0x45, 0x87, 0x47, 0x46, 0x86, 0x82, 0x42,
0x43, 0x83, 0x41, 0x81, 0x80, 0x40
} ;
 M231/EN M/B11 Service Manual
 Appendix
Page 32/34 MiCOM M231

9. RELATED DOCUMENTS

Ref Document Title

1 PI-MBUS-300 Rev. E Modicon Modbus Protocol Reference Guide
Service Manual M231/EN M/B11
Appendix
MiCOM M231 Page 33/34

REPAIR FORM

Please complete this form and return it to AREVA T&D with the equipment to be repaired.
This form may also be used in the case of application queries.

AREVA T&D
St. Leonards Works
Stafford
ST17 4LX
England

For: After Sales Service Department

Customer Ref: _________________ Model No: M231________________ 

AREVA Contract Ref: _________________ Serial No: _________________ 
Date: _________________ 

1. What parameters were in use at the time the fault occurred?

AC Volts _________________ Main VT/Test set

DC Volts _________________ Battery/Power supply
AC current _________________ Main CT/Test set
Frequency _________________ 

2. Which type of test was being used?

3. Were all the external components fitted where required? Yes / No
(Delete as appropriate)

4. List the M231 settings being used

 ____________________________________________________________________ 
 ____________________________________________________________________ 
 ____________________________________________________________________ 

5. What did you expect to happen?

 ____________________________________________________________________ 
 ____________________________________________________________________ 
 ____________________________________________________________________ 
 ____________________________________________________________________ 
6. What did happen?
 ____________________________________________________________________ 
 ____________________________________________________________________ 
 ____________________________________________________________________ 
 M231/EN M/B11 Service Manual
 Appendix
Page 34/34 MiCOM M231

7. When did the fault occur?

Instant Yes / No Intermittent Yes / No

Time delayed Yes / No (Delete as appropriate)
By how long? ___________________ 

8. What indications if any did the M231show?

 ____________________________________________________________________ 
 ____________________________________________________________________ 
 ____________________________________________________________________ 
 ____________________________________________________________________ 

9. Was there any visual damage?

 ____________________________________________________________________ 
 ____________________________________________________________________ 
 ____________________________________________________________________ 

10. Any other remarks which may be useful:

 ____________________________________________________________________ 
 ____________________________________________________________________ 
 ____________________________________________________________________ 

Signature Title

Name (in capitals) Company name