Compound studies with

Naphthenic, TDAE, and DAE

Extender oils

Summer tyre tread compounds

with silica and carbon black filler

LXS-PBR-M-TM 2008-4-2 Slide 1

Typical oil properties

Type DAE TDAE Naphthenic

Tudalen Vivatec Nytex Nytex Nytex Nytex

Product name
65 500 51150 5450 8450 4700
Density @ 15°C [g/cm3] 0.993 0.950 0.959 0.959 0.940 0.940
Viscosity @ 40°C [mm2/s] 1200 410 1150 450 450 700
Flash point [°C] 256 271 221 218 223 220
Pour point [°C] 20 24 7 -6 -6 -15
Sulphur [wt.-%] 0.8 0.9 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.4
Aniline point [°C] 43 n.a. 76 < 74 82 n.a.
Glass transition temp. [°C] -40 -50 -38 -46 -48 -52
DMSO extract [wt.-%] >15 2.6 <3 <3 <3 n.a.
Hydrocarbon analysis
CA [%] 39 25 16 15 14 n.a.
CN [%] 24 31 50 52 43 n.a.
CP [%] 37 44 34 33 43 n.a.

LXS-PBR-M-TM 2008-4-2 Slide 2

 Silica compounds

LXS-PBR-M-TM 2008-4-2 Slide 3

Compound composition (summer tyre tread)
S-SBR (BUNA VSL 5025-0 HM) 70 70 70 70 70
High-cis BR (BUNA CB 24) 30 30 30 30 30
Silica (ULTRASIL 7000 GR) 90 90 90 90 90
Carbon Black (VULCAN J/N375) 7 7 7 7 7
DAE oil (TUDALEN 65) 36.3 0 0 0 0
TDAE oil (VIVATEC 500) 0 36.3 0 0 0
Naphthenic oil (NYTEX 8450) 0 0 36.3 0 36.3
Naphthenic oil (NYTEX 4700) 0 0 0 36.3 0
Zinc soap (AKTIPLAST ST) 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5
Stearic acid (EDENOR C 18 98-100) 1 1 1 1 1
Antioxidant (VULKANOX 4020/LG) 2 2 2 2 2
Antioxidant (VULKANOX HS/LG) 2 2 2 2 2
Wax (ANTILUX 654) 2 2 2 2 2
Silane (SI 69) 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2
Zinc oxide (ZINKWEISS ROTSIEGEL) 2 2 2 2 2
Sulfonamide (VULKALENT E/C) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Sulphur 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6
Sulfenamide (VULKACIT CZ/C) 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6
Diphenylguanidine (VULKACIT D/C) 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2
Order number: 6445

LXS-PBR-M-TM 2008-4-2 Slide 4

Compound Mooney viscosity

90
DAE
80 TDAE
Mooney viscosity ML1+4 [MU] Nytex 8450
Nytex 8450
70
Nytex 4700
60

50

40

30

20

10

0
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420
time [s]

LXS-PBR-M-TM 2008-4-2 Slide 5

Vulcanization behaviour (Monsanto MDR, 160°C)

24
22
20
18
16
S' [dNm]

14
12
10
8
6 DAE
4 TDAE
Nytex 8450
2 Nytex 8450
Nytex 4700
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
time [s]

LXS-PBR-M-TM 2008-4-2 Slide 6

Stress-strain properties (S 2)

24
22
20
18
16
stress [MPa]

14
12
10
8
6 DAE
TDAE
4 Nytex 8450
2 Nytex 8450
Nytex 4700
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
strain [%]

LXS-PBR-M-TM 2008-4-2 Slide 7

 Stress-strain properties (S2)

Type of oil
S 50 S 100 S 300 S 300 / εr σr
[MPa] [MPa] [MPa] S 100 [%] [MPa]

DAE 1.5 2.5 10.6 4.24 488 19.7

TDAE 1.5 2.5 11.0 4.40 501 20.9

Nytex 8450 1.3 2.1 9.6 4.57 530 20.7

Nytex 8450 1.4 2.3 10.0 4.35 504 20.2

Nytex 4700 1.5 2.5 10.5 4.20 499 20.1

LXS-PBR-M-TM 2008-4-2 Slide 8

E‘ temperature sweep (10 Hz, 1K⋅min-1)

DAE
TDAE
Nytex 8450
Nytex 8450
1000 Nytex 4700
E' [MPa]

100

10

-120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100

temperature [°C]

LXS-PBR-M-TM 2008-4-2 Slide 9

Tan δ temperature sweep (10 Hz, 1K⋅min-1)

0,5
DAE
TDAE
Nytex 8450
0,4 Nytex 8450
Nytex 4700

0,3
tan δ

0,2

0,1

0,0
-120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
temperature [°C]

LXS-PBR-M-TM 2008-4-2 Slide 10

Tan δ temperature sweep (10 Hz, 1K⋅min-1)

0,45
DAE
TDAE
Nytex 8450
0,40
Nytex 8450
Nytex 4700
0,35
tan δ

0,30

0,25

0,20

0,15
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
temperature [°C]

LXS-PBR-M-TM 2008-4-2 Slide 11

Tan δ temperature sweep (10 Hz, 1K⋅min-1)

0,17
DAE
TDAE
Nytex 8450
0,16
Nytex 8450
Nytex 4700
0,15
tan δ

0,14

0,13

0,12

0,11
40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80
temperature [°C]

LXS-PBR-M-TM 2008-4-2 Slide 12

 Dynamic-mechanical properties (10 Hz, 1 K·min-1)

E‘ [MPa] E‘‘ [MPa] tan δ Temp. at

Type of oil tan δ max.
0°C 23°C 60°C 0°C 23°C 60°C 0°C 23°C 60°C [°C]

DAE 68.9 37.7 21.8 19.3 7.4 3.0 0.279 0.195 0.136 -23.0°C

TDAE 60.8 35.4 21.8 15.3 6.4 2.8 0.251 0.182 0.128 -25.0°C

Nytex 8450 50.2 28.8 17.6 12.7 5.4 2.3 0.253 0.188 0.128 -26.0°C

Nytex 8450 56.1 32.6 20.6 13.8 6.0 2.6 0.247 0.183 0.126 -26.0°C

Nytex 4700 63.1 36.6 22.6 14.5 6.4 2.8 0.230 0.174 0.125 -27.5°C

LXS-PBR-M-TM 2008-4-2 Slide 13

G‘ amplitude sweep (60°C, 10 Hz)

7
DAE
TDAE
6 Nytex 8450
Nytex 8450
Nytex 4700
5
G' [MPa]

0
0,1 1 10
strain [%]

LXS-PBR-M-TM 2008-4-2 Slide 14

Tan δ amplitude sweep (60°C, 10 Hz)

0,28

0,26

0,24

0,22

0,20
tan δ

0,18

0,16

0,14
DAE
0,12 TDAE
Nytex 8450
0,10 Nytex 8450
Nytex 4700
0,08
0,1 1 10
strain [%]

LXS-PBR-M-TM 2008-4-2 Slide 15

 Amplitude sweep (60°C, 10 Hz)
G* (0,5%) [MPa] G* (15%) [MPa] tan δ maximum
Type of oil
1.run 2.run 3.run 1.run 2.run 3.run 1.run 2.run 3.run

DAE 5.11 3.30 3.24 1.53 1.25 1.24 0.245 0.258 0.259

TDAE 4.86 3.14 3.06 1.48 1.19 1.17 0.241 0.254 0.255

Nytex 8450 4.76 2.93 2.88 1.45 1.15 1.14 0.244 0.256 0.257

Nytex 8450 4.63 2.94 2.46 1.47 1.15 0.900 0.238 0.267 0.317

Nytex 4700 5.03 3.30 3.23 1.52 1.23 1.21 0.242 0.258 0.258

LXS-PBR-M-TM 2008-4-2 Slide 16

Hardness, Rebound

Shore A
Rebound [%]
Hardness
Type of oil
@ 23°C @ 23°C @ 60°C

DAE 69.5 27.0 47.0

TDAE 69.0 29.0 47.5

Nytex 8450 70.0 29.5 46.0

Nytex 8450 70.5 29.0 47.5

Nytex 4700 70.5 27.5 45.0

LXS-PBR-M-TM 2008-4-2 Slide 17

Compound composition (summer tyre tread)
S-SBR (BUNA VSL 5025-0 HM) 70 70 70 70 70 0 0 0
High-styrene S-SBR (STNO 4527 W) * 0 0 0 0 0 70 70 70
High-cis BR (BUNA CB 24) 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30
Silica (ULTRASIL 7000 GR) 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90
Carbon Black (VULCAN J/N375) 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
DAE oil (TUDALEN 65) 36.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
TDAE oil (VIVATEC 500) 0 36.3 0 0 0 36.3 0 0
Naphthenic oil (NYTEX 51150) 0 0 36.3 36.3 0 0 36.3 0
Naphthenic oil (NYTEX 5450) 0 0 0 0 36.3 0 0 36.3
Zinc soap (AKTIPLAST ST) 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5
Stearic acid (EDENOR C 18 98-100) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Antioxidant (VULKANOX 4020/LG) 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Antioxidant (VULKANOX HS/LG) 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Wax (ANTILUX 654) 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Silane (SI 69) 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2
Zinc ooxide (ZINKWEISS ROTSIEGEL) 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Diphenylguanidine (VULKACIT D/C) 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2
Sulfenamide (VULKACIT CZ/C) 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6
Sulphur 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6
Sulfonamide (VULKALENT E/C) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Order number: 7256 * STNO 4527 W: 24% vinyl, 37 % styrene, ML4: 126 MU

LXS-PBR-M-TM 2008-4-2 Slide 18

Compound Mooney viscosity

110
VSL 5025-0 HM:
100 DAE
Mooney viscosity ML1+4 [MU]

TDAE
90
Nytex 51150
80 Nytex 51150
Nytex 5450
70 HS-SBR:
TDAE
60
Nytex 51150
50 Nytex 5450

40

30

20

10

0
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420
time [s]

LXS-PBR-M-TM 2008-4-2 Slide 19

Vulcanization behaviour (Monsanto MDR, 160°C)

24
22
20
18
16
S' [dNm]

14
VSL 5025-0 HM:
12
DAE
10 TDAE
Nytex 51150
8
Nytex 51150
6 Nytex 5450
HS-SBR:
4 TDAE
2 Nytex 51150
Nytex 5450
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
time [s]

LXS-PBR-M-TM 2008-4-2 Slide 20

Stress-strain properties (S 2)

22
VSL 5025-0 HM:
20 DAE
18 TDAE
Nytex 51150
16 Nytex 51150
Nytex 5450
stress [MPa]

14 HS-SBR:
12 TDAE
Nytex 51150
10 Nytex 5450

0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
strain [%]

LXS-PBR-M-TM 2008-4-2 Slide 21

 Stress-strain properties (S2)

Type of oil
S 50 S 100 S 300 S 300 / εr σr
[MPa] [MPa] [MPa] S 100 [%] [MPa]

VSL 5025-0 HM

DAE 1.4 2.2 10.2 4.64 481 19.2

TDAE 1.3 2.2 10.0 4.55 499 19.8

Nytex 51150 1.4 2.3 10.9 4.74 471 19.5

Nytex 51150 1.4 2.3 10.6 4.61 453 18.4

Nytex 5450 1.4 2.4 10.8 4.50 466 18.7

HS-SBR

TDAE 1.5 2.3 9.7 4.22 562 21.1

Nytex 51150 1.5 2.3 10.0 4.35 533 20.6

Nytex 5450 1.4 2.2 10.0 4.55 558 21.5

LXS-PBR-M-TM 2008-4-2 Slide 22

E‘ temperature sweep (10 Hz, 1K⋅min-1)

VSL 5025-0 HM:

DAE
TDAE
Nytex 51150
1000 Nytex 51150
Nytex 5450
HS-SBR:
E' [MPa]

TDAE
Nytex 51150
Nytex 5450
100

10

-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100

temperature [°C]

LXS-PBR-M-TM 2008-4-2 Slide 23

Tan δ temperature sweep (10 Hz, 1K⋅min-1)

0,6
VSL 5025-0 HM:
DAE
0,5 TDAE
Nytex 51150
Nytex 51150
0,4 Nytex 5450
HS-SBR:
TDAE
tan δ

0,3 Nytex 51150

Nytex 5450

0,2

0,1

0,0
-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
temperature [°C]

LXS-PBR-M-TM 2008-4-2 Slide 24

Tan δ temperature sweep (10 Hz, 1K⋅min-1)

0,45
VSL 5025-0 HM:
DAE
0,40 TDAE
Nytex 51150
Nytex 51150
0,35 Nytex 5450
HS-SBR:
TDAE
tan δ

0,30 Nytex 51150

Nytex 5450

0,25

0,20

0,15
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
temperature [°C]

LXS-PBR-M-TM 2008-4-2 Slide 25

Tan δ temperature sweep (10 Hz, 1K⋅min-1)

0,17
VSL 5025-0 HM:
DAE
0,16 TDAE
Nytex 51150
Nytex 51150
0,15 Nytex 5450
HS-SBR:
TDAE
tan δ

0,14 Nytex 51150

Nytex 5450

0,13

0,12

0,11
40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80
temperature [°C]

LXS-PBR-M-TM 2008-4-2 Slide 26

 Dynamic-mechanical properties (10 Hz, 1 K·min-1)
E‘ [MPa] E‘‘ [MPa] tan δ Temp. at
Type of oil tan δ max.
0°C 23°C 60°C 0°C 23°C 60°C 0°C 23°C 60°C [°C]

VSL 5025-0 HM

DAE 50.5 26.7 15.2 16.2 5.6 2.1 0.320 0.211 0.137 -21.0°C

TDAE 48.9 27.4 16.2 13.2 5.1 2.0 0.270 0.188 0.126 -24.5°C

Nytex 51150 52.0 28.6 17.2 14.9 5.5 2.2 0.286 0.192 0.125 -22.5°C

Nytex 51150 51.1 28.2 16.9 14.8 5.5 2.2 0.289 0.196 0.127 -23.0°C

Nytex 5450 39.8 22.4 13.3 11.7 4.3 1.6 0.293 0.194 0.123 -23.5°C

HS-SBR

TDAE 75.7 44.1 22.9 16.3 8.4 3.5 0.215 0.191 0.154 -32.5°C

Nytex 51150 76.7 43.2 22.9 16.7 8.3 3.6 0.218 0.191 0.155 -29.5°C

Nytex 5450 68.4 38.8 20.3 15.7 7.7 3.3 0.229 0.199 0.160 -30.5°C

LXS-PBR-M-TM 2008-4-2 Slide 27

G‘ amplitude sweep (60°C, 1 Hz)

6,5
VSL 5025-0 HM:
6,0
DAE
5,5 TDAE
5,0 Nytex 51150
Nytex 51150
4,5 Nytex 5450
4,0 HS-SBR:
G' [MPa]

TDAE
3,5
Nytex 51150
3,0 Nytex 5450
2,5
2,0
1,5
1,0
0,5
0,0
0,1 1 10
strain [%]

LXS-PBR-M-TM 2008-4-2 Slide 28

Tan δ amplitude sweep (60°C, 1 Hz)

0,26

0,24

0,22

0,20

0,18
tan δ

VSL 5025-0 HM:

0,16 DAE
TDAE
Nytex 51150
0,14
Nytex 51150
Nytex 5450
0,12
HS-SBR:
TDAE
0,10
Nytex 51150
Nytex 5450
0,08
0,1 1 10
strain [%]

LXS-PBR-M-TM 2008-4-2 Slide 29

 Amplitude sweep (60°C, 1 Hz)
G* (0,5%) [MPa] G* (15%) [MPa] tan δ maximum
Type of oil
1.run 2.run 3.run 1.run 2.run 3.run 1.run 2.run 3.run

VSL 5025-0 HM

DAE 4.32 2.63 2.60 1.37 1.14 1.13 0.222 0.233 0.233

TDAE 4.38 2.75 2.72 1.42 1.17 1.15 0.224 0.234 0.235

Nytex 51150 4.22 2.62 2.58 1.42 1.16 1.15 0.207 0.221 0.221

Nytex 51150 3.88 2.47 2.44 1.35 1.11 1.10 0.209 0.221 0.221

Nytex 5450 3.59 2.31 2.29 1.29 1.07 1.06 0.203 0.214 0.214

HS-SBR

TDAE 4.85 3.05 3.03 1.50 1.26 1.25 0.232 0.254 0.254

Nytex 51150 5.07 3.05 3.01 1.53 1.28 1.27 0.239 0.253 0.252

Nytex 5450 4.21 2.69 2.66 1.42 1.20 1.19 0.221 0.239 0.239

LXS-PBR-M-TM 2008-4-2 Slide 30

Hardness, Rebound

Shore A
Rebound [%]
Hardness
Type of oil
@ 23°C @ 23°C @ 60°C

VSL 5025-0 HM

DAE 67.5 26.5 47.0

TDAE 66.5 29.0 47.0

Nytex 51150 68.5 28.0 46.0

Nytex 51150 67.0 28.5 46.5

Nytex 5450 64.0 30.0 47.5

HS-SBR

TDAE 69.0 26.0 45.0

Nytex 51150 69.0 26.0 42.5

Nytex 5450 70.0 27.0 44.0

LXS-PBR-M-TM 2008-4-2 Slide 31

 Carbon black compounds

LXS-PBR-M-TM 2008-4-2 Slide 32

Compound composition (summer tyre tread)

S-SBR (BUNA VSL 5025-0 HM) 70 70 70 70 70 70 70

High-cis BR (BUNA CB 24) 30 30 30 30 30 30 30
Carbon black (CORAX N 234) 75 75 75 75 75 75 75
DAE oil (TUDALEN 65) 31.4 0 0 0 0 0 0
TDAE oil (VIVATEC 500) 0 31.4 0 0 0 0 0
Naphthenic oil (NYTEX 5450) 0 0 31.4 0 0 0 31.4
Naphthenic oil (NYTEX 51150) 0 0 0 31.4 0 0 0
Naphthenic oil (NYTEX 8450) 0 0 0 0 31.4 0 0
Naphthenic oil (NYTEX 4700) 0 0 0 0 0 31.4 0
Stearic acid (EDENOR C 18 98-100) 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Antioxidant (VULKANOX 4020/LG) 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Antioxidant (VULKANOX HS/LG) 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Zinc oxide (ZINKWEIß ROTSIEGEL) 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Wax (ANTILUX 654) 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5
Sulphur 1.9 1.9 19 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9
Benzothiazolesulfenamide (VULKACIT NZ/EGC) 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

Order numbers: 8321, 8564

LXS-PBR-M-TM 2008-4-2 Slide 33

Compound Mooney viscosity

120
DAE
Mooney viscosity ML1+4 [MU] TDAE
100 Nytex 51150
Nytex 5450
Nytex 5450
Nytex 8450
80
Nytex 4700

60

40

20

0
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420
time [s]

LXS-PBR-M-TM 2008-4-2 Slide 34

Vulcanization behaviour (Monsanto MDR, 160°C)

24
22
20
18
16
S' [dNm]

14
12
10
DAE
8
TDAE
6 Nytex 51150
Nytex 5450
4 Nytex 5450
2 Nytex 8450
Nytex 4700
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
time [s]

LXS-PBR-M-TM 2008-4-2 Slide 35

Stress-strain properties (S 2)

22

20

18

16
stress [MPa]

14

12

10

8 DAE
TDAE
6 Nytex 51150
4 Nytex 5450
Nytex 5450
2 Nytex 8450
Nytex 4700
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550
strain [%]

LXS-PBR-M-TM 2008-4-2 Slide 36

 Stress-strain properties (S2)

Type of oil
S 50 S 100 S 300 S 300 / εr σr
[MPa] [MPa] [MPa] S 100 [%] [MPa]

DAE 1.5 2.6 11.9 4.58 470 19.7

TDAE 1.5 2.7 12.1 4.48 444 18.7

Nytex 51150 1.7 3.1 14.1 4.55 415 20.0

Nytex 5450 1.6 2.8 12.7 4.54 435 19.6

Nytex 5450 1.7 2.8 12.5 4.46 440 19.5

Nytex 8450 1.5 2.7 12.4 4.59 455 19.8

Nytex 4700 1.5 2.6 11.4 4.38 441 17.9

LXS-PBR-M-TM 2008-4-2 Slide 37

E‘ temperature sweep (10 Hz, 1K⋅min-1)

DAE
TDAE
Nytex 51150
Nytex 5450
1000 Nytex 5450
Nytex 8450
Nytex 4700
E' [MPa]

100

10

-120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100

temperature [°C]

LXS-PBR-M-TM 2008-4-2 Slide 38

E‘‘ temperature sweep (10 Hz, 1K⋅min-1)

DAE
TDAE
Nytex 51150
100 Nytex 5450
Nytex 5450
Nytex 8450
Nytex 4700
E'' [MPa]

10

-120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100

temperature [°C]

LXS-PBR-M-TM 2008-4-2 Slide 39

Tan δ temperature sweep (10 Hz, 1K⋅min-1)

0,5
DAE
TDAE
Nytex 51150
0,4 Nytex 5450
Nytex 5450
Nytex 8450
Nytex 4700
0,3
tan δ

0,2

0,1

0,0
-120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
temperature [°C]

LXS-PBR-M-TM 2008-4-2 Slide 40

Tan δ temperature sweep (10 Hz, 1K⋅min-1)

0,40
DAE
TDAE
Nytex 51150
0,35 Nytex 5450
Nytex 5450
Nytex 8450
Nytex 4700
0,30
tan δ

0,25

0,20

0,15
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
temperature [°C]

LXS-PBR-M-TM 2008-4-2 Slide 41

Tan δ temperature sweep (10 Hz, 1K⋅min-1)

0,18
DAE
TDAE
Nytex 51150
0,17 Nytex 5450
Nytex 5450
Nytex 8450
Nytex 4700
0,16
tan δ

0,15

0,14

0,13
40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80
temperature [°C]

LXS-PBR-M-TM 2008-4-2 Slide 42

 Dynamic-mechanical properties (10 Hz, 1 K·min-1)
E‘ [MPa] E‘‘ [MPa] tan δ Temp. at
Type of oil tan δ max.
0°C 23°C 60°C 0°C 23°C 60°C 0°C 23°C 60°C [°C]

DAE 78.3 42.8 23.0 19.1 8.2 3.7 0.244 0.192 0.159 -23.5

TDAE 71.2 39.7 21.8 17.7 7.8 3.5 0.249 0.195 0.159 -25.0

Nytex 51150 76.4 42.6 23.2 18.2 8.0 3.6 0.239 0.189 0.156 -23.5

Nytex 5450 69.9 39.3 22.0 16.2 7.3 3.4 0.232 0.185 0.154 -25.0

Nytex 5450 71.0 40.4 22.5 16.5 7.5 3.5 0.232 0.185 0.156 -25.5

Nytex 8450 70.9 40.0 22.6 16.3 7.5 3.6 0.230 0.187 0.157 -26.0

Nytex 4700 67.9 40.4 24.0 15.5 7.3 3.5 0.228 0.180 0.146 -27.0

LXS-PBR-M-TM 2008-4-2 Slide 43

E‘ amplitude sweep (60°C, 1 Hz)

24
DAE
22 TDAE
Nytex 51150
20
Nytex 5450
18 Nytex 5450
Nytex 8450
16 Nytex 4700
E' [MPa]

14

12

10

2
0,1 1 10
strain [%]

LXS-PBR-M-TM 2008-4-2 Slide 44

Tan δ amplitude sweep (60°C, 1 Hz)

0,32
DAE
0,30 TDAE
Nytex 51150
0,28
Nytex 5450
0,26 Nytex 5450
Nytex 8450
0,24
Nytex 4700
0,22
tan δ

0,20
0,18
0,16
0,14
0,12
0,10
0,08
0,1 1 10
strain [%]

LXS-PBR-M-TM 2008-4-2 Slide 45

G‘ amplitude sweep (60°C, 1 Hz)

6
DAE
TDAE
5 Nytex 51150
Nytex 5450
Nytex 5450
Nytex 8450
4
Nytex 4700
G' [MPa]

0
0,1 1 10
strain [%]

LXS-PBR-M-TM 2008-4-2 Slide 46

Tan δ amplitude sweep (60°C, 1 Hz)

0,30

0,25
tan δ

0,20

DAE
0,15 TDAE
Nytex 51150
Nytex 5450
Nytex 5450
0,10 Nytex 8450
Nytex 4700

0,1 1 10
strain [%]

LXS-PBR-M-TM 2008-4-2 Slide 47

 Amplitude sweep (60°C, 1 Hz)
G* (0,5%) [MPa] G* (15%) [MPa] tan δ maximum
Type of oil
1.run 2.run 3.run 1.run 2.run 3.run 1.run 2.run 3.run

DAE 4.06 3.24 3.23 1.26 1.20 1.19 0.296 0.303 0.304

TDAE 4.06 3.29 3.28 1.28 1.21 1.20 0.284 0.293 0.294

Nytex 51150 3.97 3.20 3.19 1.31 1.23 1.22 0.280 0.289 0.291

Nytex 5450 4.40 3.49 3.44 1.38 1.28 1.27 0.288 0.301 0.301

Nytex 5450 3.83 3.14 3.12 1.27 1.20 1.19 0.280 0.288 0.290

Nytex 8450 3.75 3.10 3.07 1.24 1.17 1.16 0.282 0.293 0.292

Nytex 4700 4.47 3.68 3.63 1.33 1.25 1.24 0.298 0.308 0.309

LXS-PBR-M-TM 2008-4-2 Slide 48

Hardness, Rebound

Shore A Hardness Rebound [%]

Type of oil
@ 23°C @ 60°C @ 23°C @ 60°C

DAE 69.0 63.0 23.0 36.0

TDAE 65.9 62.0 24.5 39.0

Nytex 51150 67.8 64.6 24.0 39.0

Nytex 5450 68.5 63.9 24.5 39.0

Nytex 5450 67.6 63.6 25.0 39.0

Nytex 8450 68.0 62.5 24.5 38.5

Nytex 4700 68.6 62.5 25.0 40.0

LXS-PBR-M-TM 2008-4-2 Slide 49

Change in Mooney viscosity with different oils

VSL 5025-2 HM lab sample; extended with different oils

Type of oil Amount [phr] ML1+4 (100°C) [MU]

- - 112.1 / 112.0

DAE 37.5 67.4 / 68.2

TDAE 37.5 64.5 / 64.6

Nytex 5450 37.5 63.1 / 65.7

Nytex 8450 37.5 61.5 / 63.2

Nytex 51150 37.5 66.7 / 66.8

Nytex 4700 37.5 63.6 / 64.0

LXS-PBR-M-TM 2008-4-2 Slide 50