CE-407 Transportation
Engineering-II
Harbour and Port Engineering
Instructor Details
Dr. Haider Hasan
(Associate Professor)
• Department of Civil Engineering
• Tel: +(92-21) 99261261-8; Ext:2618
• E-mail: [email protected]
• Consultancy Hours: Thursdays 2pm-5pm or
else please email or call
• Contact Hours: 1hr/week (16/Semester)
Course Outline and plan
Lecture No. Topic
01 Introduction
02 Classification of Harbours
03 Ports and Harbours of Pakistan
04 Design Principles and Requirements of Harbours
05 Effects of wind, waves and tides
06 Effects of wind, waves and tides
07 Test
08 Wharves and jetties
09 Mid Term
10 Breakwaters and groynes
11 Dredging
12 Channel regulation and demarkation
13 Classification of docks and their construction
14 Test
15 Transit sheds and warehouses
16 Revision
Reference Books
• Port designer's handbook, Third edition, C. A.
Thoresen, 2014
• Port Engineering, Z Liu and H. F. Burcharth,
1999
• Roads,Railways,Bridges,Tunnel & Harbour
Dock Engineering, B.L. Gupta & Amit Gupta,
2003
Tentative Assessment Criteria
• Sessional:
– Mid Term
– 2 X etest
• Final Exam: February 2019
1. Introduction
• Water transportation or transportation on
water means transportation of passenger and
goods using ships, steamers and boats,
moving on water bodies.
• This has great significance in view of the
availability of vast stretches of natural waters
in the form of streams, rivers, seas and
oceans.
Definition: Waterway
• Any navigable water of sufficient depth, free
of obstructions. These may be rivers, lakes,
canals, streams, seas and oceans. Canals and
channels are man-made, while the others are
natural.
Classification of Waterways
• Inland waterways-rivers, lakes, canals and
channels within the mainland.
• Ocean waterways-seas and oceans.
Inland Water
Transportation
Magdeburg Water Bridge in
Germeny
Ocean Based Water
Transportation
Gwadar Port
Karachi Port
Advantages
➢Heavy and bulk cargo can be carried.
➢Cheapest mode using natural water bodies.
Disadvantages
➢Relatively slow
➢Feeder modes of transport such as roads
and railways are essential.
➢Accident-prone during storms and cyclones.
1.1 Inland Water Transportation
• Sometimes natural waterways require extensive intervention.
• Dams & Locks- when sufficient depth of flow is not otherwise
available, storage reservoirs are used to provide artificial pools and
slack water navigation.
• Definitions:
– Dams: A barrier to obstruct the flow of water, especially one made of earth,
rock, masonry and/or concrete, built across a stream or river.
– Locks: An enclosed chamber in a waterway with watertight gates at each end,
for raising or lowering vessels from one water level to another by admitting or
releasing water.
• Thus, dams and locks are used to obtain navigable channels over water
whose flow would not otherwise support navigation.
Inland Water Transportation
A lock and dam system enables a large ship to
move from a body of water at one level to
another body of water at another level.
Panama Canal and Why
• To sail from Atlantic to Pacific, ships
navigated around Cape Horn, the
treacherous southern extremity of
South America.
• A New York to San Francisco journey
measured some 13,000 miles and
took months.
Map of Panama Canal
Shows the route of the completed canal. A series of "locks" are used to control the
water level within the canal.
Panama Canal Profile
Panama Canal
The building of the Panama Canal took 34 years from the
initial effort in 1880 to actually opening the canal in 1914.
• length: 77km
• Shipping tonnage:
340.8 million tonnes
per year
Other well-known inland waterways
• Suez Canal with length
193.30 km, Sinai
Penensula, Egypt.
• Connects the
Mediterranean to the
Red Sea
Inland Marine Highway for Freight
Transportation in United States
“inland marine highways” move
Minneapolis/ commerce to and from
St. Paul
38 states throughout the nation’s
Portland Chicago heartland and Pacific Northwest,
Pittsburgh
serve industrial and agricultural
St. Louis
centers, and facilitate imports and
Tulsa exports at gateway ports on the
Gulf Coast.
• 12,000 miles of commercially
navigable channels
Houston Mobile
New Orleans
• 240 lock sites
Corpus Christi
