GUIDELINES FOR DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING

PROJECT REPORT PREPARATION

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

NAVRACHANA UNIVERSITY
School of Engineering and Technology
VADODARA

Guidelines for Project Report Preparation Page 1

Guidelines for preparation of Project Reports

Preamble
The aim of this document is to present the basic guidelines on how a reportshould be
constructed for BTech project. Any student must confer to the rulesand guidelines that have
been laid out in the following sections while writingtheir final report. It must also be kept in
mind that the soft copy of the reportthat any student prepares will also have to be
submitted in the institute libraryfor future reference.

1. Organization of the Project Report

This project report shall be presented in a number of chapters, starting withIntroduction
and ending with Summary and Conclusions. Each of the otherchapters will have a precise
title reflecting the contents of the chapter. A chaptercan be subdivided into sections,
subsections and sub subsection so as to presentthe content discretely and with due
emphasis. When the work comprises two ormore mutually independent investigations, the
project report may be dividedinto two or more parts, each with an appropriate title.
However, the numberingof chapters will be continuous right through.

Sequence of Contents

The following sequence for the Project organization should be followed:

(i) Preliminaries Title Page - As per the format given
Certificate - As per the format given
Abstract
Acknowledgement
Table of Contents
List of Figures, Tables, Illustrations,
Symbols, etc (wherever applicable)
(ii) Text of Project Introduction
summary and conclusions
(iii) Reference Material List of References, Bibliography (where included)
(iv) Appendices Where included

All the headings are centered (without punctuation) 25mm down the top edge of the page.
The subsequent type-setting begins four spaces below the heading.

Preliminaries

Abstract
Project should contain an abstract not exceeding 300 words (about one page), in double
spacing. Abstract shall be printed in double space with the heading “ABSTRACT” in
uppercase followed by certain preliminary information and the text.

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Table of contents
The table of contents lists all material that follows it. No preceding material is listed.
Chapter titles, sections, first and second order sub-divisions, etc must be listed in it. Tables,
figures, nomenclature, if used in the Project, are listed under separate headings.

1.1 Introduction
The title of Chapter 1 shall be Introduction. It shall justify and highlight the problem posed,
define the topic and explain the aim and scope of the work presented in the project report.
It may also highlight the significant contributions from the investigation.

1.2 Review of Literature

This shall normally form Chapter 2 and shall present a critical appraisal of the previous work
published in the literature pertaining to the topic of the investigation. The extent and
emphasis of the chapter shall depend on the nature of the investigation.

1.3 Report on the present investigation

The reporting on the investigation shall be presented in one or more chapters with
appropriate chapter titles. Due importance shall be given to experimental setups,
procedures adopted, techniques developed, methodologies developed and adopted. While
important derivations/formulae should normally be presented in the text of these chapters,
extensive and long treatments, copious details and tedious information, detailed results in
tabular and graphical forms may be presented in Appendices. Representative data in table
and figures may, however, be included in appropriate chapters. Figures and tables should
be presented immediately following their first mention in the text. Short tables and figures
(say, less than half the writing area of the page) should be presented within the text, while
large table and figures may be presented on separate pages. Equations should form
separate lines with appropriate paragraph separation above and below the equation line,
with equation numbers flushed to the right.

1.4 Results and Discussions

This shall form the penultimate chapter of the project report and shall include a thorough
evaluation of the investigation carried out and bring out the contributions from the study.
The discussion shall logically lead to inferences and conclusions as well as scope for possible
further future work.

1.5 Summary and Conclusions

This will be the final chapter of the project report. A brief report of the work carried out
shall form the first part of the Chapter. Conclusions derived from the logical analysis
presented in the Results and Discussions Chapter shall be presented and clearly
enumerated, each point stated separately. Scope for future work should be stated lucidly in
the last part of the chapter.

1.6 Appendix
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Detailed information, lengthy derivations, raw experimental observations etc. are to be
presented in the separate appendices, which shall be numbered in Roman Capitals (e.g.
“Appendix IV”).

1.7 References
 Number all the references.
 Use a chronological bibliography.
 Each listed reference in the bibliography must be cited in the text of the report.
 For a book give the name(s) of author(s), title of book, edition, chapter number, and
page numbers, publisher, location and year of publication.

Example:[25] Jones, C.D., A.B. Smith, and E.F. Roberts, Efficient Real-Time Fine-
Grained Concurrency, 2nd Ed., Ch. 3, pp. 145-7, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 1994.

 For a journal/conference paper, give the name(s) of authors, title of paper, name of
journal/ conference, volume and issue number (for journal), page numbers, and
month and year of publication. Example
Sample References
1. Abraham, J., F.V. Bracco, and R.D. Reitz (1985) Comparison of Omputed and Measured
Premixed Charge Engine Combustion. Combustion and Flame, Vol. 60,309 – 322.
2. Affes, H., N. Trigui., D. Smith, and V. Griaznov (1998) Shape Optimization of IC Engine Ports and
Chambers. SAE Paper No. 980127.
3. Anderson, J.D. (1995) Computational Fluid Dynamics. McGraw Hill, Singapore1995.

1.7 Acknowledgements
The acknowledgments by the candidate shall follow the citation of literature, signed by
him/her, with date.

2 PROJECT REPORT FORMAT

2.1 Paper
2.1.1 Quality
The project report shall be printed on white bond paper, whiteness 95% or above, weight
70 gram or more per square meter.
2.1.2 Size
The size of the paper shall be standard A 4; height 297 mm, width 210 mm.
2.1.3 Type Setting, Text Processing and Printing
The text shall be printed employing LaserJet or Inkjet printer, the text having been
processed using a standard text processor. The standard font shall be Times New Roman of
12 pts. with 1.5 line spacing.
2.1.4 Page Format
The Printed Sheets shall have the following written area and margins:

 Top Margin15 mm

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  Head Height3 mm
 Head Separation12 mm
 Bottom Margin22 mm
 Footer3 mm
 Foot Separation10 mm
 Text Height245 mm
 Text Width160 mm

When header is not used the top margin shall be 30 mm.

Left and Right Margins

The candidates shall have the options of single or double sided printing
· Single sided/odd number page (in double sided printing)
Left Margin 30mm
Right Margin 20 mm
· Double sided/ even numbered page
Left Margin 20mm
Right Margin 30mm

2.1.5 Pagination
Page numbering in the text of the project report shall be Hindu Arabic numerals at the
center of the footer. But when the candidate opts for header style the page number shall
appear at the right and left top corner for the odd and even number pages, respectively.
Page number “1” for the first page of the Introduction chapter shall not appear in print;
only the second page will bear the number “2”.The subsequent chapters shall begin on a
fresh page (fresh odd number page in case of double sided printing). When header style is
chosen the first page of each chapter will not have the header and the page number shall
be printed at the center of the footer. Pagination for pages before the Introduction chapter
shall be in lower case Roman numerals, e.g., “ii”.

2.1.6 Header
When the header style is chosen, the header can have the Chapter number and Section
number (e.g., Chapter 2, Section 3) on even numbered page headers and Chapter title or
Section title on the odd numbered page header.

2.1.7 Paragraph format

Vertical space between paragraphs shall be about 2.5 line spacing. The first line of each
paragraph should normally be indented by five characters or 12mm. A candidate may,
however, choose not to indent if (s) he has provided sufficient paragraph separation. A
paragraph should normally comprise more than one line. A single line of a paragraph shall
not be left at the top or bottom of a page (that is, no windows or orphans should be
left).The word at the right end of the first line of a page or paragraph should, as far as
possible, not be hyphenated.

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2.2 Chapter and Section Format
2.2.1 Chapter
Each chapter shall begin on a fresh page (odd number page in case of double sided printing)
with an additional top margin of about 75mm. Chapter number (in Hindu Arabic)and title
shall be printed at the center of the line in 6mm font size (18pt) in boldface using both
upper and lower case (all capitals or small capitals shall not be used). A vertical gap of about
25mm shall be left between the Chapter number and Chapter title lines and between
chapter title line and the first paragraph.

2.2.2 Sections and Subsections

A chapter can be divided into Sections, Subsections and Sub subsections so as to present
different concepts separately. Sections and subsections can be numbered using decimal
points, e.g. 2.2 for the second section in Chapter 2 and2.3.4 for the fourth Subsection in
third Section of Chapter 2. Further subsections need not be numbered or included in the
contents. The Section and Sub Section titles along with their numbers in 5 and 4mm (16and
14 pt.) fonts, respectively, in bold face shall be flushed to the left (not centered) with 15
mm space above and below these lines. In further subdivisions character size of 3 and 3.5
with bold face, small caps, all caps and italics may be used for the titles flushed left or
centered. These shall not feature in the contents.

2.2.3 Table / Figure Format

Small size table and figures (less than half of writing area of a page) should be incorporated
within the text, while larger ones may be presented on separate pages. Table and figures
shall be numbered chapter wise. For example, the fourth figure in chapter 5 will bear the
number Figure 5.4.Table number and title will be placed above the table while the figure
number and caption will be located below the figure. Reference for Table and Figures
reproduced from elsewhere shall be cited in the last and separate line in the table and
figure caption, e.g. (after McGregor [12]).

3 Auxiliary Format
3.1 Binding
The evaluation copies of the project report may be spiral bound or soft bound.
The final spiral copies to be submitted after the viva voce examination will be accepted
during the submission of project report
3.2 Front Covers
The front covers shall contain the following details:
 Full title of project report in 6 mm 22 point's size font properly centered and
positioned at the top.
 Full name of the candidate in 4.5 mm 15 point's size font properly centered at the
middle of the page.

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  A 40 mm dia replica of the Institute emblem followed by the name of department,
name of the Institute and the year of submission, each in a separate line and
properly centered and located at the bottom of page.

3.2.1 Lettering
All lettering shall be embossed in gold.

3.2.2 Bound back

The degree, the name of the candidate and the year of submission shall also be embossed
on the bound (side) in gold.

3.3 Blank Sheets

In addition to the white sheets (binding requirement) two white sheets shall be put at the
beginning and the end of the project report

3.4 Title Sheet

This shall be the first printed page of the project report and shall contain the submission
statement: the Project Report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the
Degree B. Tech, the name and Roll No. of the candidate, name of the Supervisor,
Department, Institute and year of submission. Sample copy of the 'Title Sheet' is appended
(Specimen 'A')

3.7 Abstract
The 500 word abstract shall highlight the important features of the project report and shall
correspond to the electronic version to be submitted to the Library for inclusion in the
website. The Abstract in the project report, however, shall have two more parts, namely,
the layout of the project report giving a brief chapter wise description of the work and the
key words.

3.8 Contents
The contents shall follow the Abstract and shall enlist the titles of the chapters, section and
subsection using decimal notation, as in the text, with corresponding page number against
them, flushed to the right.

3.8.1 List of Figures and Tables

Two separate lists of Figure captions and Table titles along with their numbers and
corresponding page numbers against them shall follow the Contents.

3.9 Abbreviation Notation and Nomenclature

A complete and comprehensive list of all abbreviations, notations and nomenclature
including Greek alphabets with subscripts and superscripts shall be provided after the list of

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tables and figures. (As far as possible, generally accepted symbols and notation should be
used). Auxiliary page from dedication (if any) to abbreviations shall be numbered using
Roman numerals in lowercase, while the text starting from the Introduction shall be in
Hindu Arabic.(The first pages in the both the cases shall not bear a page number).

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 (TITLE OF THE PROJECT)

Project report submitted

For Design and Manufacturing Project

By

Name of the student - (Enroll No)

Guided By:
Name of Guide

Department of Mechanical Engineering

School Engineering and Technology
Navrachana University, Vadodara
(Month - Year)

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 CERTIFICATE

It is certified that the work contained in the project report titled “Title of the Project

Report,” by “Name of the Student,” has been carried out under my/our supervision

Signature of Guide
Name of the Guide
Mechanical Department
School of Engineering and Technology
Navrachana University
Month-Year

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 Declaration

I declare that this written submission represents my ideas in my own words and
where others' ideas or words have been included, I have adequately cited and
referenced the original sources. I also declare that I have adhered to all principles of
academic honesty and integrity and have not misrepresented or fabricated or
falsified any idea/data/fact/source in my submission. I understand that any violation
of the above will be cause for disciplinary action by the Institute and can also evoke
penal action from the sources which have thus not been properly cited or from
whom proper permission has not been taken when needed.

(Signature)
(Name of the student)
(Roll No.)

Date: __________

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 SAMPLE
Table of Contents
(Page Number Format)

List of Figures vi

List of Tables vii

Abstract ix

Chapter 1: Introduction 1

(Sample Sub Chapters)

Rationales 1
Research Questions 5
Definition of terms 6
Organization of study 9
Chapter 2: Review of Literature 10

(Sample Sub Chapters) (Page number continues)

(Sample Sub Chapters)
Chapter 3: Report on Present Investigation

(Sample Sub Chapters)

(Sample Sub Chapters)
Chapter 4: Results and Discussion

(Sample Sub Chapters)

(Sample Sub Chapters)
Chapter 5: Summary and Conclusion

(Sample Sub Chapters)

(Sample Sub Chapters)
Appendix A: (Name of the Appendix)

Appendix B: (Name of the Appendix) (All the appendices are listed)

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 References

Acknowledgements

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