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October 18 2019 Basic Modeling

This document provides an overview of basic stormwater management (SWM) modeling. It discusses how SWM models account for key hydrologic and hydraulic processes to simulate runoff and routing. These include rainfall/snowmelt, evaporation, infiltration, and flow through conveyance systems. The document also outlines the steps in model construction, discretization, input/response functions, and the differences between event-based and continuous simulation. The overall goal of SWM modeling is to help evaluate SWM alternatives and identify the best solutions.

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MJKHT
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55 views21 pages

October 18 2019 Basic Modeling

This document provides an overview of basic stormwater management (SWM) modeling. It discusses how SWM models account for key hydrologic and hydraulic processes to simulate runoff and routing. These include rainfall/snowmelt, evaporation, infiltration, and flow through conveyance systems. The document also outlines the steps in model construction, discretization, input/response functions, and the differences between event-based and continuous simulation. The overall goal of SWM modeling is to help evaluate SWM alternatives and identify the best solutions.

Uploaded by

MJKHT
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic SWM Modeling

October 18, 2019


Presentation Title Goes in Here
C O M P U T A T I O N A L H Y D R A U L I C S I N T E R N A T I O N AL
Overview
• Basic Modeling;
• SWM Modeling Hydrologic and Hydraulic
Processes;
• SWM Modeling and Water Quality;
• Steps in Model Construction;
• Model Discretization;
• SWM Modeling Functions;
• Response Functions; and
• Event vs. Continuous Simulation.
Objectives

• Understanding modelling:
• Input
• Output
• Interpretation of results;
• Model vs. real world application; and
• Experience, experience and experience.
Basic Modeling
• Most of the SWM Model are:
• Dynamic rainfall-runoff-routing simulation model
• Single event and long-term continuous simulation of
runoff
• Quantity and quality from urban and rural areas.
• The Model operates on a collection of sub catchment
areas that receive precipitation and generate runoff and
pollutant loads; and
• The routing portion of the model transports runoff
through a system of pipes, channels, pumps,
storage/treatment devices and regulators.
Basic Modeling
• SWM modeling accounts for various hydrologic
processes that produce runoff from catchment
areas;
• Spatial variability in all of these processes is
achieved by dividing a study area into a
collection of smaller subcatchment areas each
containing its own pervious and impervious sub-
areas; and
• Overland flow can be routed between
subcatchments.
SWM Modeling Hydrologic Processes
• Time-varying rainfall;
• Evaporation of standing surface water;
• Snow accumulation and melting;
• Rainfall interception and depression storage;
• Infiltration of rain into unsaturated soil layers;
• Infiltration and Percolation into groundwater
layers; and
• Interflow between groundwater and drainage
system.
SWM Modeling Hydraulic Processes
• Size of networks;
• Shape of conduit;
• Natural (irregular) channels;
• Special elements: storage/treatment units, pumps,
weirs, orifices
• External flows and water quality inputs: surface runoff,
groundwater interflow and user-defined inflows;
• Flow routing;
• Flow regimes: backwater, surcharging, and ponding;
and
• User-defined dynamic control rules for pumps,
orifice openings and weir crest levels.
SWM Modeling and Water Quality

• Dry-weather pollutant buildup over different


land uses;
• Pollutant washoff from specific land uses;
• Direct contribution from rainfall deposition;
• Reduced dry-weather buildup due to street
sweeping;
• Route water quality constituents through the
drainage system; and
• Reduce constituent concentration in storage
units or by natural processes in pipes and
channels
Steps in Model Construction
1. Review and re-state the problem;
2. Select model performance evaluation criteria;
3. Select an objective function;
4. Construct the as-is model input data set;
5. Calibrate and evaluate the model;
6. Satisfied? If no, go back to 1; If yes, go to 7
7. Model several theoretical or to-be situations
8. Select the likely best alternative
9. Report the best solution and its uncertainty.
Model Discretization

• Drainage connectivity must be correctly


replicated
• Improving the spatial resolution
• Computed results and sensitivity to
parameter uncertainty
• The goal is to reduce the error
• Making it suitable for evaluation and
implentation.
SWM Modeling Functions

• Input Functions

• Response Functions

• Objective Functions

• Error Functions
Input Functions

• Rainfall / Snowmelt
• Upstream inflows
• Dry weather flow
• Daily diurnal variations
• Weekly / seasonal variations
Response Functions

• Nodes
• Depth, head, volume, lateral inflow,
total inflow, flooding
• Links
• Flow, depth, velocity, capacity
• System
• Temp, rainfall, snow depth, losses,
runoff, ground water inflow, direct
inflow, total inflow, flooding, outflow,
storage
Response Functions
Objective Functions

• Maximum values
• Minimum values
• Total values
• Event mean values
• Duration/volume/number of
exceedances
• Duration/volume/number of deficits
Error Functions
• Integral square error rating
(Excellent, very good, good, fair poor)
• Integral square error (ISE)
• Nash-Sutcliffe (R2)
• Standard error of estimate (SEE)
• Simple least squares (LSE)
• Simple least squares dimensionless (LSE dim)
• Root mean square error (RMSE)
• Root mean square error dimensionless (RMSE
dim)
Event vs. Continuous
• Event hydrology deals only with wet weather
processes
• Continuous hydrology includes dry weather
and drying processes
• Event hydrology cannot account for
ecosystem concerns, whereas continuous
hydrology allows consideration of aquatic
biosystems.
Continuous Data Requirements
• A long-term observed dataset is required for
rainfall only, and should be credible
• May be transposed (i.e., it need not be
observed at the precise design problem
location)
• Or may be synthesized
Typical Design Frequencies

• 2-Year
• 5-Year
• 10-Year
• 25-Year
• 50-Year
• 100-Year
• 250-Year for UTRCA watershed

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