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Absorption Type Airconditioning System

1) The document discusses a system for recovering waste heat from internal combustion engines using an ammonia-water vapor absorption refrigeration system (VAR) to power vehicle air conditioning. 2) In a VAR system, heat is used to generate ammonia refrigerant vapors in the generator, which are then condensed, expanded, and evaporated to produce cooling, with the weak ammonia solution being absorbed and recycled. 3) The proposed system would replace conventional vapor compression refrigeration in vehicles, reducing power consumption and allowing utilization of exhaust and coolant waste heat to provide air conditioning. Analysis in EES software evaluated the system's performance under various operating conditions.

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atif jamal
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48 views

Absorption Type Airconditioning System

1) The document discusses a system for recovering waste heat from internal combustion engines using an ammonia-water vapor absorption refrigeration system (VAR) to power vehicle air conditioning. 2) In a VAR system, heat is used to generate ammonia refrigerant vapors in the generator, which are then condensed, expanded, and evaporated to produce cooling, with the weak ammonia solution being absorbed and recycled. 3) The proposed system would replace conventional vapor compression refrigeration in vehicles, reducing power consumption and allowing utilization of exhaust and coolant waste heat to provide air conditioning. Analysis in EES software evaluated the system's performance under various operating conditions.

Uploaded by

atif jamal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Report on Waste Heat Recovery of IC Engine Using

VAR System

Abstract: Depleting fossil fuels is a future challenge. Internal combustion engines are
major consumer of fossil fuels. Large amount of energy from internal combustion engine is
wasted into the environment. This low grade energy can actually be recovered for useful
purpose. In this paper we focus on recovery of this heat for running air conditioning system
using NH3-H2O vapour absorption refrigeration system. The major use of internal
combustion engines is in automobiles. Conventionally, automobile AC works on VCR
cycle which consumes mechanical energy and reduces economy. This VCR system is
replaced by VAR system by utilizing coolant and exhaust waste heat. In this work,
feasibility of the waste heat recovery system is studied and the system components
are designed using basic thermodynamic laws and heat transfer correlations. A
working model is fabricated and tested. The performance of the system is also analyzed in
EES (Engineering Equation Solver) for various working conditions.

INTRODUCTION

Till date great efforts are taken in the development of internal combustion engines. But an
engine can convert only 35 to 49 % of fuel’s energy into useful work (Ouadha, Y. EI-Gotni,
2013). The following fig.1 shows typical IC engine heat balance.
Heat
in Heat Balance
cooli
ng
Heat water Pow
in 26% er
exha Outp
ust ut
gase 49
s %
25%

Page 1
Fig.1 Heat Balance of typical
IC engine

It can be observed that a large amount of energy in the form of heat from exhaust gases
and cooling water is lost into the environment. Vapour absorption system works on heat as
an input energy. The systems are bulky and hence not used for mobile applications. But the
VCR systems in automobiles are noisy and need maintenance. They are charged with CFC’s
like R134a which is having GWP of 400(Bux and Tiwari, 2014). To reduce this power
consumption by refrigerant compressor as well as to utilize the waste heat the vapour
absorption system is introduced to air condition the passenger compartment.

VAPOUR ABSORPTION SYSTEM

In vapour absorption refrigeration cycle, heat is provided at generator which generates the
refrigerant vapours. These vapours are then condensed in condenser by loosing heat. The
high pressure liquid refrigerant is then throttled through expansion valve to lower pressure at
evaporator. The refrigerant at such lower pressure and temperature evaporates and
produces cooling effect. The refrigerant vapours then pass to absorber. The weak
solution in absorber absorbs the refrigerant vapours and the solution is pumped to
higher pressure to generator by a pump. The weak solution from generator is fed back
to absorber where it absorbs the refrigerant vapours coming from evaporator (K. AlQdah,
2011). Fig.2 shows a single effect vapour absorption system.

Fig.2 Simple vapour absorption system


The desirable properties of refrigerant in VAR cycle are listed below:
1) It should have high latent heat of vaporization
2) It should be more volatile than absorbent
3) It should have high solubility in absorbent
4) It should be chemically stable in working temperature range, non toxic, non explosive, non
corrosive.
5) It should be economical and environment friendly.
The most commonly used refrigerant absorbent pairs are H2O-LiBr and NH3-H2O. For the
WHR system ammonia- water pair is selected.
Some of the properties of ammonia as refrigerant are listed below (Bux
and Tiwari, 2014):
1) Latent heat of vaporization = 1226 kJ/kg
2) Boiling point at 1bar = -33.30C
3) Freezing point at 1 bar = -770C
4) 800m3 of ammonia can be absorbed by 1m3 of water
5) Critical Temperature = 132.60C
6) It is available easily and economical
7) It is corrosive to copper
8) It is toxic (Group 2 refrigerant)
9) Global warming potential and Ozone depletion potential is zero.
Without considering certain drawbacks, NH3-H2O pair is selected as refrigerant-
absorbent since the WHR system works at varying temperature conditions and LiBr salt is
having crystallization issue(S. Manojprabhakar, et al, 2014).

CONCLUSION
The work can be concluded
as follows:
1) It is observed that, large amount of low grade heat is available. which can be
recovered from the exhaust.
2) COP of the system decreases with increase in generator temperature and
increase in condenser temperature.
3) Theoretically it is estimated to have COP of about 1.517 can be achieved.
4) There is 100C temperature reduction observed at the evaporator and it is the
refrigeration effect produced using the waste heat.
5) It can be concluded that the waste heat recovery system can produce refrigeration
effect successfully and can be implemented on cars by using compact design.

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