SAINT JOSEPH COLLEGE, MAASIN

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Tunga-Tunga, Maasin City,
Southern Leyte, Philippines 6600

MATH 10
1stQuarter
Weekly Module

Prepared by:

HAYEENA ROSE S. FABRUADA LPT

Subject Teacher
Say this prayer before you start.

I thank you, Lord, for knowing me better than I know myself, and for letting me know
myself better than others know me. Make me, I pray you, better than they suppose, and forgive
me for what they do not know

Illustrates an arithmetic sequence M10AL-Ib-1

Lesson 2
Arithmetic Sequences, Means, and Series

Discussion:
Study the number of distinct noncollinear points and the number of triangles formed in each
figure

The figures above show the number of nonoverlapping triangles that can be formed from 3, 4,
and 5 distinct noncollinear points on a plane. You can see that there is 1 triangle formed from 3 distinct
noncollinear points, 2 nonoverlapping triangles from 4 distinct noncollinear points, and 3 nonoverlapping
triangles from 5 distinct noncollinear points. Following this pattern, can you guess the number of
nonoverlapping triangles that can be formed when there are 10 distinct noncollinear points on a plane?
To answer the given question, you can use a table that shows the relationship between the number
of distinct noncollinear points and the corresponding number of nonoverlapping triangles formed. Study
the following table.

You can see in the table that the number of nonoverlapping triangles corresponding to the number
of distinct points represents a positive integer. When there are 3 distinct noncollinear points on a plane,
there is only 1 triangle formed; when there are 4 distinct noncollinear points, there are 2 nonoverlapping
triangles formed; and when there are 5 distinct noncollinear points, there are 3 nonoverlapping triangles
formed; and so on. To determine the number of nonoverlapping triangles that can be formed when there
are 10 distinct noncollinear points on a plane, arithmetic sequence can be used.

Arithmetic Sequence

An arithmetic sequence, also known as an arithmetic progression, is a sequence in which any

term, except the first term, can be obtained by adding a constant number to the preceding term. The
constant number in the arithmetic sequence is called the common difference (d) between any two
consecutive terms. In symbols,

d = a n − an−1

Thus, the nth term of an arithmetic sequence can be expressed generally as

a n = a n−1+ d
Using the above formula for an, given a1 as the first term, the general rule for the arithmetic
sequence can be derived as follows:

where n is the term number

Example 1: Determine whether the given sequence is arithmetic or not.

a. 13, 11, 9, 7, …

4 8 12 16
b. , , , ,…
5 5 5 5

1 1 1 1
c. , , , , ….
2 4 6 8
 1
d. a n = ,
n2

Solution:
a. Each term of the sequence 13, 11, 9, 7, … is obtained by subtracting 2 (or adding –2)
from the preceding term.

Thus, the sequence has a common difference of –2, which makes it an arithmetic
sequence.

b. Check if there exists a common difference:

4
The difference between any two consecutive terms is a constant, or d = . Hence,
5
the sequence is an arithmetic sequence.

c. Check if there exists a common difference:

 There is no common difference between any two consecutive terms. Therefore, the
sequence is not arithmetic.

1 1 1 1
d. The first few terms of the sequence defined by a n = 2 are , , , , ...
n 4 9 16

The common difference between two consecutive terms could not be established.
Therefore, it is not an arithmetic sequence.

Example 2:

a. What is the general rule of the arithmetic sequence 5, 6, 7, 8, …?

5 7
b. Determine the general rule of the arithmetic sequence 1, , , 3, ...
3 3

Solution:
a. Notice that each term is obtained by adding 1 to the preceding term.

Thus, d = 1.Since a1 is the first term, a 1 = 5. Using the general rule a n = a 1 + (n – 1)d,

a n = 5 + (n − 1) (1)
an = 5 + n − 1
an = n + 4

Therefore, the general rule of the arithmetic sequence is a n = n + 4.

b. Since the given sequence is arithmetic, find the common difference d using the
formula
d = a n − a n−1.

5 5 3 2
d= −1 = - =
3 3 3 3

Moreover, since it is given that a 1 is 1, you can use the general rule a n = a 1 +
(n – 1)d, Substituting the values of a 1 and d into the formula,

a n = 1 + (n – 1) ( 23 )
 2n+ 1
Therefore, the general rule of the sequence is a n= .
3

Example 3:

a. Find the 10th term of the arithmetic sequence if the 1st term is 5 and the 2nd term is
8.

b. In an arithmetic sequence, the common difference is −2 and the 8th term is 12. What
is the first term?

c. Find the 4th term of an arithmetic sequence given that a 12= −21 and a 25 = 18.

Solution:

a. Let a10 be the 10th term of the arithmetic sequence 5, 8, …, a 10,

Then, a 1= 5, n = 10, and d = a 2 – a 1= 8 – 5 = 3.

Using the general rule a n = a 1 + (n – 1)d,

Therefore, the 10th term of the arithmetic sequence is 32.

b. Given that d = −2, a 8 = 12, and n = 8, you can use the general rule to find the first
term , a 1.
 Therefore, the 1st term of the arithmetic sequence is 26.

c. There is no given information about the common difference and the 1st term. To find
the common difference and the 1st term, use the general rule a n = a 1 + (n – 1)d.

Subtract equation 1 from equation 2 to find the common difference.

Then, solve for a 1 using either equation 1.1 or equation 1.2.

 Therefore, the 4th term of the sequence is −45.

Practice yourself!
1. Given the arithmetic sequence 2, 5, 8, 11, ...,

a. formulate the general rule of the sequence.

b. find the common difference of the terms in the sequence.

c. find the 10th and 15th terms.

2. Relate an experience where common or individual differences exist. How did you
manage? What lesson(s) have you learned from this situation?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
_____.

Arithmetic Mean

In a finite arithmetic sequence a 1, a 2, …, a 6, a 7, the terms a 1 and a 7, are called extremes,

whereas a 2, …, a 6 are called arithmetic means. Arithmetic means are terms found between two extremes
of an arithmetic sequence and are denoted by m 1, m 2, m 3, m 4 , ….

Example 4:
a. Insert an arithmetic mean between 5 and 8.
b. Insert two arithmetic means between 5 and 20.
c. Insert five arithmetic means between 3 and 12.

Solution:

a. The arithmetic sequence can be written as 5,m 1, 8. This indicates that there are only three
terms in the sequence where a 1 = 5 and a 3= 8, and the middle term is the arithmetic mean (m 1
).

To find the arithmetic mean, simply get the average of the two given terms since only
one arithmetic mean is to be inserted. Hence, the arithmetic mean is
 5+8 13
= = 6.5
2 2

b. The arithmetic sequence can be written as 5, ,m 1,m 2, 20. Based on the sequence, there are
only four terms, where ,m 1 and ,m 2 are the arithmetic means. Assume that a 1 = 5 and
a 4= 20. Using the general rule a n = a 1 + (n – 1)d, find d by substituting the known values of
a 1 and a 4.

Hence, to find m 1, simply add the common difference d to a 1.

m1= a 1 + d = 5 + 5 = 10

Then to find m 2, add the common difference d to m 1.

m 2 = m1+ 5 = 10 + 5 = 15

c. The arithmetic sequence can be written as 3, m 1, m 2, m 3, m 4 , m 5, 12. Find the common

difference to be added to each term successively from a 1 . Using the known terms a 1 = 3
and a 7 = 12, use the general rule to find d.

Hence, the arithmetic means are

Practice Yourelf!
1. Do what is asked in each item.
a. Insert three arithmetic means between 2 and 10.
b. Find five arithmetic means between 5 and 20.
2. Cite an experience on a particular situation where you need to choose between two
important events in your life. How did you handle it? What good did your decision give
you?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.

Arithmetic Series

The sum of the terms of an arithmetic sequence is called arithmetic series. The formula
for arithmetic series is derived from the first n terms of an arithmetic sequence as illustrated
below.

Let a 1 be the first term and d be the common difference.

a 2 ¿ a1 + d
a 3 = a 1 + 2d
a 4= a 1 + 3d
 a 5 = a 1 + 4d

a n= a 1 + (n − 1)d

Thus, the sum of the terms is given by

Sn = a 1 + (a 1 + d) + (a 1 + 2d) + … + [a 1 + (n − 1)d]

This arithmetic series can be written in reverse order with the nth term as a n , (n − 1)th
1

term as a n − d, and so on until the first term as a n− (n − 1)d. Thus,

Sn = a 1 + (a 1 + d) + (a 1 + 2d) + … + [a 1 + (n − 1)d]

Add the two equations for Sn .1

Observe that when the two equations for Sn are added, (a 1 + a n) occurs n times, and that gives
Equation 1.3 can be used to find the sum of the terms of an arithmetic sequence given the first
term and the last term. Hence, substituting a 1 + (n − 1)d for a n, the formula for the sum
becomes

Equation 1.4, on the other hand, can be used to find the sum of the terms of an arithmetic
sequence if the last term is not given.

Example 5:
a. Find the sum of the positive even integers less than 100.
b. Find the sum of the first 21 terms of the arithmetic sequence 60, 54, 48, ….
c. Find the sum of all multiples of 4 between 6 and 50.

Solution:
a. There are 49 positive even integers less than 100, which form an arithmetic sequence
as follows:

2, 4, 6, …, 96, 98

So, a 1 = 2, d = 2, n = 49, and a 49 = 98.

Using equation 1.3, the sum can be calculated as follows:

b. Based on the given arithmetic sequence, a 1 = 60 and d = 54 − 60 = −6.

Equation 1.4 would be more appropriate to use than equation 1.3 since the last term
is not given. Solving for the sum of the first 21 terms,

c. The least multiple of 4 greater than 6 is 8, whereas the greatest multiple of 4 less than
50 is 48. Thus, a 1 = 8, d = 4, and a n = 48.

To determine the number of terms n, use the general rule for the nth term.

a n =a 1 + (n − 1)d

48 = 8 + (n − 1) (4)

48 = 8 + 4n – 4

48 - 8 + 4 = 4n

44 = n

n = 11

Since n = 11, there are 11 terms in the sequence. Now, find S11.
Practice yourself!

1. Suppose there is a consistent increase of P1.50 per liter in the price of gasoline in the market
every two weeks. Prior to the increase, the price was P50.35 per liter. How much would 10
liters of gasoline cost after 10 weeks?
2. When is a sequence arithmetic? How is an arithmetic series obtained?
___________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3. How can you find the means of an arithmetic sequence given the two extreme terms?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Activity:
A. Determine if the terms form an arithmetic sequence. If yes, give the next three terms of the
sequence.

1. 4, 0, −4, −8

2. 2, −6, 10, −14

3. 3. 13, 8, 3, −2

4. −1, −13, 13, 1

5. n, 2n + m, 3n + 2m
B. Find the indicated term of the arithmetic sequence given the conditions.

1. a 1 = 5, d = 3, a 4 = ?

2. a 1 = 3, d = −5, a 6 = ?

3. a 2 = 3, a 5 = 8, a 7 = ?

4. a 4 = −3, a 10 = 10, a 2 = ?

5. a 5= 5, a 10 = 15, a 15= ?

C. Find three arithmetic means for each arithmetic sequence.

1. 4, ___, ____, ____, 16
2. 7, ___, ____, ____, 15
3. 14, ___, ____, ____, −2
4. −4, ___, ____, ____, −85
5. 23, ___, ____, ____, 383
D. Find the sum of the given terms in each arithmetic sequence.
1. 10, 20, 30, …, 200

2.a 1 = 5, d = −4, n = 10

3. a 2 = 3, a 5 = 8, n = 7

4. First 10 positive multiples of 5

n+2
5. First 5 terms of an arithmetic sequence defined by a n=
2
E. Solve the following word problems.
1. An arithmetic sequence has a common difference equal to 7 and its 10th term is equal
to 5
2. Find the 17th term.2. Find the sum of the first 50 positive odd numbers.
3. Determine the four means between 1 and 10.
4. The first 3 terms of an arithmetic sequence are −4, 4, and 12. Is 92 a term in the
sequence?
5. Find four consecutive terms of an arithmetic sequence whose sum of the terms is 130.
Performance Task:
Answer Worksheet 1: pp. 2-5 on your workbook

Unit I, Chapter 1, Lesson 2:

pp.
16, 22-23
TM: p. 4
Dynamic Minds 10 WB, Unit
I, Worksheet 1: pp. 2-5
Other References:

Online links:
https://www.khanacadem
y.org/math/algebra2/seque
nces-and-series/alg2-
sequences-
review/v/arithmetic-
sequencesOnline links: https://www.khanacademy.org/math/algebra2/sequences-and-series/alg2-
sequences-review/v/arithmetic-sequences