Unit 1. Introduction to Pharmacy. History of Pharmacy.

Profile of a Pharmacist
Pre-reading:
Did you know?!

 Damian and Cosmas are Pharmacy’s Patron Saints

 Galen was a great experimenter in drug compounding and his name still is associated with that class
of pharmaceuticals compounded by mechanical means – galenicals
 The Swedish pharmacist Carl Wilhelm Scheele is the greatest of the pharmacists-chemists

I. Answer the following questions:

1.Why did you choose to pursue a career in pharmacy?
2.What is the most vital aspect of a pharmacist’s job?
3. What are the most important drugs in history?
4.What do you know about pharmaceutical industry?
5. When is World Pharmacist Day celebrated?
6. What interesting facts about history of pharmacy do you know?
Vocabulary

Apothecary [ əˈpɒθ.ə.kər.i ] – 1. druggist; pharmacist; 2. pharmacy or drugstore.

Ailment [ ˈeɪl.mənt ] - physical disorder or illness, especially of a minor or chronic nature. 

Mortar [ ˈmɔː.tər ] - receptacle of hard material, having a bowl-shaped cavity in which substances are
reduced to powder with a pestle. 
Pestle [ ˈpes.l̩ ] - tool for pounding or grinding substances in a mortar. 
Recipe [ ˈres.ɪ.pi ]-  method for achieving some desired objectiv,  medical prescription.

Midwifery [ midˈwif.ri ] - practice of trained persons to assist women in childbirth. 

Drug [ drʌɡ ] - chemical substance used in the treatment, cure, prevention, or diagnosis of disease or
used to otherwise enhance physical or mental well-being.

Physician [ fɪˈzɪʃ.ən ] – person who is legally qualified to practice medicine; doctor of medicine. 
Therapy [ ˈθer.ə.pi ] - treatment of physical, mental, or social disorders or disease.
 Acupuncture [ ˈæk.jʊ.pʌŋk.tʃər ] - Chinese medical procedure in which 
specific body areas are pierced with fine needles for therapeutic purposes. 
 Text A. History of Pharmacy
https://en.wikipedia-on-ipfs.org/wiki/Pharmacy.html
 The mortar and pestle are one of the internationally recognized symbols to
Dispense – represent the pharmacy profession.
distribute, share,
administer Pharmacy is the health profession that links the health sciences with the
chemical sciences and it is charged with ensuring the safe and effective use of
pharmaceutical drugs. The word derives from the Greek: pharmakon, meaning
Safety -security,
protection, "drug" or "medicine".
safeguards The scope of pharmacy practice includes more traditional roles such as:
compounding and dispensing medications and it also includes more modern
Medication services related to health care, including clinical services, reviewing
-medicine, drug, medications for safety and efficacy, and providing drug information. 
cure, remedy,
prescription, Pharmacists, therefore, are the experts on drug therapy and are the primary
medicament health professionals who optimize medication use to provide patients with
positive health outcomes.

Outcome- effect, An establishment in which pharmacy is practiced is called a pharmacy,

consequence, end chemist's or (in the United States) drug store. US drug stores commonly sell not
product, result
only medicines, but also miscellaneous items such as candy (sweets), cosmetics,
and magazines, as well as light refreshments or groceries.
Miscellaneous- In 15th–17th centuries, in addition to ordinary pharmacy responsibilities, the
diverse, mixed,
pharmacy offered general medical advice and a range of services that are now
various
performed solely by other specialist practitioners, such as surgery and
midwifery. The pharmacy often operated through a retail shop which, in
Solely- exclusively,
alone, entirely addition to ingredients for medicines, sold tobacco and patent medicines. 
In its investigation of herbal and chemical ingredients, the work of the
Regarding-
concerning, related pharmacy may be regarded as a precursor of the modern sciences of chemistry
to, with respects to, and pharmacology, prior to the formulation of the scientific method.
as regards
Many Sumerian (late 6th millennium BC - early 2nd millennium BC) cuneiform
clay tablets record prescriptions for medicine.
Prior- anterior,
Ancient Egyptian pharmacological knowledge was recorded in various papyri. 
earlier, previous,
preceding The earliest known Chinese book on  medical matters is “The Divine Farmer's

Fulfil- carry out, Herb-Root”, dating back to the 1st century AD. Earlier literature included lists
perform, execute, of prescriptions for specific ailments, exemplified by a manuscript "Recipes for
achieve, realise,
52 Ailments".
comply with
In Ancient Greece, before, during and after the
Ailment- disease, time of Hippocrates there was a group of experts
disorder, illness, in medicinal plants. Probably the most important
medical condition,
malady, sickness,
infirmity, affliction,
representative was Diocles. The Greek physician Dioscorides is famous for writing a five volume book
“Concerning medical substances”. 
In Japan, the men who fulfilled roles similar to those of modern pharmacists were highly respected. The
pharmacists—and even pharmacist assistants—were assigned status superior to all others in health-related
fields such as physicians and acupuncturists. In the Imperial household, the pharmacist was even ranked
above the two personal physicians of the Emperor.
The earliest drugstores date back to the Middle Ages. The first known drugstore was opened by Arabian
pharmacists in Baghdad in 754.
The advances made in the Middle East in botany and chemistry led to development of pharmacology. There
was promoted preparation of medicines by sublimation and distillation.   One of the most valuable works on
pharmacology entitled The Book of Drugs gave detailed knowledge of the properties of drugs, describing a
large variety of drugs and remedies for ailments and outlined the role of pharmacy and the functions and
duties of the pharmacist. 
Ibn Sina (Avicenna) described no less than 700 preparations, their properties, way of action and their
indications. He devoted in fact a whole volume to simple drugs in The Canon of Medicine. In Europe
pharmacy-like shops began to appear in the 12th century. In 1240 emperor Frederic II issued a decree by
which the physician's and the apothecary's professions were separated. The first pharmacy in Europe (still
working) was opened in 1241 in Trier, Germany.
In Europe there are old pharmacies still operating in Dubrovnik, Croatia located inside the Franciscan
monastery, opened in 1317; and one in the Town Hall Square of Tallinn, Estonia dating from at least 1422.
The oldest is claimed to be set up in 1221 in the Church of Santa Maria Novella in Florence, Italy, which
now houses a perfume museum. 
Comprehension check:                          
II. Answer the following questions:
1. What  sciences does pharmacy link and what is it charged with? 
2. What does the scope of pharmacy practice include?
3. What were the pharmacy responsibilities in 15th–17th centuries?
4. What is the earliest known Chinese book on medical matters?
5. What detailed knowledge did the most valuable work on pharmacology entitled The Book of Drugs
give?
6. What did Ibn Sina (Avicenna) write about in The Canon of Medicine?
7. What are the contributions of Ibn Sina (Avicenna), Dioscorides and Diocles to the development of
pharmacology?

III. Match the words from column A to the words from column B. Make up sentences:
A B
Pharmaceutical                              Ingredients
Health                                            Medications
 To dispense                                   Drugs
Drug                                              Practitioner
Clinical                                          Roles
Chemical                                       Care
Specialist                                       Services
To fulfil                                     Store 
IV. Paraphrase: 
1. Pharmacy is the health profession that 1. links __________ the health sciences with the chemical
ones.
2. Pharmacists are the 2. experts __________ on drug therapy and are health professionals who
optimize 3. medication __________ use to provide patients with positive health outcomes.
3. US 4. drug stores __________ sell not only medicines, but also 5. miscellaneous __________ items.
4. Pharmacy 6. may be regarded __________ as a precursor of the modern sciences of chemistry and
pharmacology.
5. The Book of Drugs gave detailed knowledge of the 7. properties __________ of drugs, describing a
large variety of drugs and 8. remedies __________ for 9. ailments __________ and outlined the
functions and 10. duties __________ of the pharmacist.
V. Fill in the gaps with the following words: drugstore, illness, to dispense, pestle, drugs, midwifery,
medication, apothecary, physician (2), mortar, ailment.
1. N. Testemiţanu was a talented __________, a great chairman and an outstanding pedagogue.
2. My uncle suffers from a chronic __________.
3. Mr. Smith opened a new __________ in our town.
4. This patient is under __________ for depression.
5. A chemist deals with various kinds of __________.
6. His brother wants to become an __________.
7. A druggist __________ drugs on prescription.
8. Her sister loves children very much, she is practicing __________. 
9. The pharmacist took some chemical substances put them into a __________ and began them
grinding with a __________.
10. Mr. Davis is a skilled __________ ; he has treated my granny from a serious __________ .
VI. Choose the right answer:
1. Internationally recognized symbols to represent the pharmacy profession are:
a. rod of Asclepius
b. mortar and pestle,
c. caduceus
2. The Greek  word pharmakon means:
a. doctor 
 b. therapy
c. "drug" or "medicine".
3. Men who fulfilled roles similar to those of modern pharmacists were highly respected in:
a. Greece
b. Japan
c. China.
4. The earliest drugstores date back to:
a. Stone Age
b. Middle Ages
c. Modern Age
5. Ibn Sina (Avicenna) described no less than 700 preparations in:
a. The Canon of Medicine
b. The Art of Medicine
c. The Criteria of Medicine
6. The year in which Emperor Frederic II issued a decree by which the physician's and the apothecary's
professions were separated, is:
a. 1111
b. 1240
c. 1854
7. The first pharmacy in Europe was opened in:
a. England
b. Romania
c. Germany
VII. What word the following groups of synonyms are related to?
D________g
1. Medication 2. Addictive 3. Anesthetize
Remedy Stimulant Numb
Medicament Hallucinogen Deaden

Written production:
VIII. Comment on the following quotation: 
“The Art of Pharmacy is based on the perfect combination of knowledge, dose and responsibility”
(100-150 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________ .
Video: What do you learn in pharmacy school?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VdgBLyaf95U
Pre-viewing:

I. Answer the following questions:

1.How do you imagine a day of a pharmacy student?
2.What subjects are taught at the faculty of pharmacy?
3.What are the benefits of having a career in pharmacy?
Vocabulary

Management [ˈmænɪdʒmənt] act, manner, practice of managing; handling, supervision, control

On a day to day basis - every day, daily, regularly
Coursework [ ˈkɔːs.wɜːk ]-written or oral work completed by a student within a given period

Post-viewing:
II. Match the medical terms with their definitions:
Term Definition
1.Pharmacy a./ students graduation with an extensive knowledge of pharmacotherapy and
medication therapy management, based on the treatment of real patients
2. Doctorate  b./ sum total of the chemical processes that occur in living organisms, 
resulting in growth, production of energy, elimination of waste material, etc
3. Metabolism  c./ science of life and of living organisms
4. Biology  d./ discovery, use, and management of knowledge in the use of medications
5. Experiential e./ branch of medicine concerned with the treatment of disease and the action of
rotation in pharmacy remedial agents
6. Drug information f./  rules and regulations for pharmacists, pharmacy
 technicians, pharmacy assistants and pharmacy facilities
7. Pharmacy law g./ any of several academic degrees of the highest rank awarded by universities
8. Therapeutics h./ practice or art of preparing and dispensing drugs
Writen production:
III. Consult the dictionary. Find the difinition of the following terms related to pharmacy:
1.Pharmaceutics-__________________________________________________________________
2.Pharmacology-__________________________________________________________________
3.Pharmacoepidemiology-___________________________________________________________
4.Pharmacoeconomics-______________________________________________________________
5.Toxicology-_____________________________________________________________________
6. Pharmacogenetics-_______________________________________________________________
Pre-reading:
I. Brainstorm the cloud words related to the word ‘pharmacist’. Find your own associations.

Vocabulary

Over-the-counter - pharmaceutical that may be obtained without a physician's prescription

Side effects- nontherapeutic effect caused by a drug, complications, issue

Pharmaceuticals [ ˌfɑː.məˈsuː.tɪ.kəls ] -  pertaining to pharmacy or drugs,  medicinal drug

Controlled drugs- psychoactive and or potentially addictive agents that are governed by

authorities

Narcotic [ nɑːˈkɒt.ɪk ]- drug which induces drowsiness, stupor, orinsensibility, and relieves pain

Text B. Profile of a pharmacist

https://targetjobs.co.uk/careers-advice/job-descriptions/454439-pharmacist-job-description
Pharmacists are healthcare professionals responsible for supplying medicines
Assess- determine, in the most economical and effective way possible. Their responsibility is to
analyse, rate, monitor the quality, safety and the use of medicines; all these requiring a high
evaluate, value level of involvement and interaction with patients. Pharmacy specialists need
to have a strong knowledge of legislation and professional codes of practice.
Poison- toxin, venom
There are three main areas a pharmacist can work in: hospitals, retail or
Purchase- buy, community pharmacies, or pharmaceutical industry.
obtain, get, secure, Hospital pharmacists work closely with doctors and are responsible for the
procure ordering, quality testing, storing and security of drugs and medicines in
hospitals. They must also ensure an adequate supply of medicine.
Compliance-
Retail or community pharmacists supply prescribed and over-the-counter
agreement, obedience,
medicines to the general public in a retail pharmacy and give advice to
consent
customers on the safe use of medicines and possible side effects.
Accuracy- precision,
Industrial pharmacists work in pharmaceutical companies where they help to
authenticity,
discover safe and effective new drugs, develop them into effective medicines,
correctness,
and market the finished product to customers.
exactitude,
The day-to-day job of a pharmacist will depend on the area they work in but
accurateness
typical responsibilities may include: compounding and dispensing
Customer- consumer, medications as prescribed by doctors and dentists, by calculating, weighing,
buyer, purchaser, measuring, and mixing ingredients; reviewing prescriptions from doctors to
client, user ensure accuracy, to ascertain the needed ingredients, and to evaluate their
suitability for the patient; providing information and advice about drugs, their
Suitability-
side effects, correct dosage, and proper storage; keeping records such as
appropriateness,
pharmacy files, patient accuracy, compliance, charge system files,
rightness,
inventories, and registries of poisons, narcotics or controlled drugs; planning,
qualification
implementing or maintaining procedures for mixing, packaging and labelling
Supply – deliver, pharmaceuticals according to policy and legal requirements to ensure quality,
furbish, give, provide, security and proper disposal; assessing the identity, strength or purity of
turn over medications; working with other healthcare professionals to plan, monitor,

Supplies- provisions, review, or evaluate the quality or effectiveness of drugs; ordering and

necessities, materials, purchasing pharmaceutical supplies, medical supplies, or drugs; maintaining

items, equipment stock and storing and handling it properly; analysing prescribing trends to
monitor patient compliance and prevent excessive usage or harmful
interactions; advising customers on the selection of medication brands,
medical equipment or healthcare supplies.
Comprehension check:
II. Answer the following questions:
1. Define the word pharmacist.
2.What are the different types of pharmacists?
3. What are the medical areas where pharmacists work?
3. Want are the duties and responsibilities of hospital pharmacists?
4. Want are the duties and responsibilities of retail or community pharmacists?
5. Want are the duties and responsibilities of industrial pharmacists?

III. Paraphrase the underlined words using the words from the text:
Hospital pharmacists work 1.tightly __________ with doctors and are responsible for the ordering, quality
testing, 2.stocking __________ and 3.safety __________ of drugs and medicines 4.at inpatient departments
__________. They must also 5. guarantee __________ an adequate 6. provision__________ of medicine.
Retail or community pharmacists supply 7. Ordered (recommended) ___________ and 8. non-prescription
__________ medicines and give advice to 9. consumers __________ on the safe use of medicines and
possible 10. complications __________.

IV. Derivatives:
1.Pharmacists must 1. (to ensure, ensure, ensuring) __________ an adequate supply of medicines.
2. Compounded and dispensed medications 2. (are prescribing, prescribed, are prescribed) __________ by
doctors and dentists.
3. Industrial pharmacists work in 3. (pharmaceutical, pharmaceuticaly, farmaceutical) __________
companies where they help to discover 4. (safety, saffe, safe) __________ and effective drugs.
4. Pharmacist 5. (working, work, worck) __________ with other healthcare professionals to evaluate the
quality or 6. (effectiveness, effectivenes, affectiveness) __________ of drugs.
5. Pharmacists advise customers 7. (into, of, on) __________ the selection of medication brands.
6. Pharmaceuticals are packaged and 8. (labelling, labelled, labeled) __________ according 9. (on, upon,
to) __________ policy and 10. (legally, legal, legalled) __________ requirements.

Written production:
V. Make up the profile of a proficient pharmacist, filling in the table below with the necessary
information:
Role & Purpose Duties & Responsibilities Actions Qualities
Teacher guide:

Text A
Ex 3.
Health care, to dispense drugs, drug store, clinical services, specialist practitioner, fulfil roles
Video: What do you learn in pharmacy school?
ex. 2
1-h, 2-g, 3-b, 4-c, 5-a, 6-d, 7-f, 8-e
Text B . Profile of a pharmacist
Ex 3.
1closely 2storing 3 security 4 hospitals 5. Ensure 6 supply 7 prescribed 8 over the counter 9 customers 10
side effects

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Key skills for pharmacists

 Analytical skills
 Ability to think critically
 Strong numerical skills
 Attention to detail
 Problem-solving
 Observation skills
 Communication and social skills