10

TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION

QUARTER 4

Raising Meat Type Animal

LO 4. Perform Work to Completion

4.2 Prepare animals for market disposal following instruction of authorities

ANIMAL PRODUCTION (Ruminants) NC II

Technology and Livelihood Education – Grade 10

Quarter 3– Module :

1
 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall
subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior
approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created
shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or
office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos,

brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their
respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and
seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright
owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Crissa G. Marcos

Editors:

Reviewers:

Illustrator:

Layout Artist:

2
INTRODUCTION:

This lesson deals with the: Prepare

animals for market disposal following
instruction of authorities

In accomplishing this learning material,

you have to take first the pre-test, and you
are tasked to study the learning activities
and perform the various practice tasks 1, 2
and 3. After doing so, you may take the
post- test to determine the knowledge and skills you gained from this lesson.
To enhance your competence, you have also to accomplish your assignment
found in this module. Thank you and Good luck!

3
OBJECTIVE:

At the end of the module, you should be able to:

4.2 Prepare animals for market disposal following instruction of

authorities

VOCABULARY LIST:

To have a better understanding of the lesson presented in this module, you

should be familiar with the following terms:

Animal handler- a person with a knowledge of the behaviour and needs of

animals who, with appropriate experience and a professional and positive
response to an animal’s needs, can achieve effective management and good
welfare. Competence should be gained through formal training and/or
practical experience

Competent authority- means the Veterinary Authority or other

Governmental Authority of a Member having the responsibility and
competence for ensuring or supervising the implementation of animal health
and welfare measures, international veterinary certification and other
standards and recommendations in the Terrestrial Code

Disposal- it is the process in which livestock are transported to the target

market.

Hide- animal skin, the skin of some larger animals, e.g. deer, cattle, or
buffalo

Lairage- refers to pens, yards and other holding areas used for
accommodating animals in order to give them necessary attention (such as
water, feed, rest) before they are moved on or used for specific purposes
including slaughter.

Livestock market- Means designated place where livestock are bought and
sold.

Livestock- means any domestic or domesticated animal including bovine

(including buffalo and bison) raised for food or in the production of food.

Slaughter-They are typically bled (a process called sticking

or exsanguination) by the insertion of a knife into the thoracic cavity and
severance of the carotid artery and jugular vein. This method allows for
maximal blood removal from the body.

4
Stunning-is the process of rendering animals immobile or unconscious,
with or without killing the animal, when or immediately prior to
slaughtering them for food.

PRE-TEST:

MULTIPLE CHOICES:

Directions: Choose the best answer. Write the letter of your choice in your
answer sheets

1. Which statement below does not conform to GAPH Code in

transporting livestock?
a. Appropriate allowance should be provided during transportation
b. All animals can be transported if they’re fat
c. The animal should be transported in an appropriate vehicle
d. Transport vehicle should be registered to BAI as Transport
Vehicle Carrier
2. If the mature bull weighs 2530lbs, the frame score is
a. 4 c. 9
b. 8 d. 6
3. The female cattle are in its 24 th month it’s hip height is 50.7, what is
it’s frame score?
a. 2 c.3
b. 4 d.5
4. Which of these statement best describe market disposal humane
handling for beef cattle?
a. Improved meat quality
b. Avoiding animal stress in many forms
c. Avoiding badly designed vehicle
d. Rearing animals separately
5. Which of this is done before slaughtering animals?
a. Stunning of livestock
b. Knife insertion to thoracic cavity
c. Moving animals to the blood removal area
d. Removing the carotid artery

5
LEARNING ACTIVITIES:

Learning Outcome 1

HANDLING DAIRY ANIMALS

Content Standard Performance Standard

The learners demonstrate an The learners shall be able to raise
understanding of theories in raising dairy animals based on Bureau of
dairy animals. Animal Industry standard

Prepare Animals for Market Disposal Following Instruction of

Authorities

This learning module covers the knowledge, skills, and attitudes

required in preparing animals for market disposal following instruction of
authorities. This includes the marketing fatteners, GAHP code for
transportation, humane handling and transport from farm to market/
slaughterhouse

Introduction

To help farmers better understand the current regulations governing

the slaughtering, processing, and marketing of meat animals. Meat
regulations are complex, accuracy in interpreting the statutes governing the
slaughtering of livestock and the processing and sale of meat is more
formidable for livestock farmers than for their counterparts in fruit and
vegetable production. Even experienced farmers can be confused by the
regulations. Without a clear understanding of what is and is not permitted
under current laws, many meat producers are hesitant to participate more
directly in the marketing of their product.

Marketing of fattened cattle:

Beef cattle are considered finished and ready for slaughter when they
have sufficient fat in their meat to make their beef tender and flavorful.
Finishing cattle is all about the fat. To measure cattle fat both for grass
finishing and grain finishing program is by the use of frame scoring which
is done simply by a way of categorizing beef cattle from smallest to largest
based on their size (hip height). For
example, a 9 month old steer with a hip
height of 44.3 inches has a frame score of
4. This steer will be ready for slaughter
when it reaches 1100 lbs.

6
To measure your cattle's hip height, simply lay a carpenter's level across
their backs directly above their hip bones (hooks), then measure the
distance down to ground level (the cattle must be standing on level ground)

With this technique, all you need is a simple cattle weigh scale to tell
you if your cattle have reached their target slaughter weight and are ready to
slaughter.

That's why the #1 tool you should own if

you plan on finishing cattle for slaughter is a
weigh scale. The easiest and cheapest solution
is to mount a set of weigh bars under your
cattle squeeze.

Six months after the date of purchase,

fattened cattle must weigh approximately 275
to 325 kilograms and therefore, ready for
market.

Target slaughter weights for mature bull and mature cow.

Marketing tips:

1. Sell the animal per head basis based on the prevailing price per kilo live
weight. Before selling, know the weight of animal.
2. Dispose of all marketable animals.
3. Do not market sick animals

7
4. Animals destined for slaughter should be rested for 6 to 12 hours upon
arrival at the slaughterhouse.
5. Animals should be transported during the coolest part of the day.

Code of Good Animal Husbandry Practice for Beef Cattle and Buffalo
in Animal Transportation:

The Code of Good Animal Husbandry Practices (GAHP) aims to set

out the general principles of good practice and the minimum
requirements in the farming of animals. The Committee deemed it
necessary to adopt this Code of Practice to help Philippine exporters meet
the requirements of importing countries

The following are some of the program of GAHP for beef cattle and
buffalo in animal transport:

a. Animals should be transported in appropriate vehicles and in a

manner that does not cause stress throughout the travel and does not
predispose them to injury & disease.

b. Animals being transported should be in a good state of health.

However, stressed, sick and pregnant animals, may be transported but with
extra-precautionary measures.

c. Transport vehicles should comply with the requirements of the competent

authorities and should:

• Allow easy loading and unloading;

• Have communication equipment and first aid kit;

• Ensure safety of the animals and personnel during transport;

• Be clean and sanitized;
• Be equipped with floors that provide secure footing;
• Have proper drainage for collection of urine; and
• Whenever necessary, under loaded vehicles should contain partitions to
avoid injury of animals during transport.
• Have a decal/label “live animal on board” at the sides and front/back;
• Should be registered to BAI as Transport Vehicle Carrier
• Accompanied by a registered livestock handler

d. Appropriate space allowance and ventilation should be provided during

transportation.

e. Where appropriate, animals should be segregated according to species,

size, sex, and age.

f. The transporter should be fully responsible for the care and welfare of the
animals as well as ensure the cleanliness of the vehicle during the entire

8
process of transporting. Disposal of the waste should be done in an
environment friendly manner.

g. Animals intended for slaughter should follow the National Meat Inspection
service guidelines for resting of animals prior to slaughter.

h. In cases wherein the establishment seeks the services of a second (2nd)

party to ship the live animals, the shipper should be properly informed of
the recommendations stated above.

Consideration for animal welfare during transport and handling will

improve the value of these by-products.

GUIDELINES FOR HUMANE HANDLING, TRANSPORT AND SLAUGHTER

OF LIVESTOCK

Improper handling of animals before and during transport to livestock

market can cause serious injuries or even death of animals. In transporting
animals or cattle, see to it that there are adequate bedding and loading
facilities. Avoid overloading and overfeeding.

The transformation of slaughter animals into meat is a chain of events

including handling and loading on the farm, transport to the market, pens
or slaughterhouse, off-loading and holding and finally slaughter. These will
have the benefit of improvements in productivity, animal welfare and
personnel safety.

During these procedures poor operational techniques and facilities

will lead to unnecessary suffering, injury and loss of production. There are
many advantages to improving conditions for livestock destined for
slaughter. Increased production through humane treatment of slaughter
animals can be achieved, for example, through:

• reduced carcass damage and waste and higher value due to

less bruising and injury;
• decreased mortality;
• improved quality of meat by reducing animal stress;
• increased quality and value of hides and skins.

The following must be avoided

1. Before slaughter:-
• Indiscriminate branding;
• Injuries from thorns, whips, sticks, barbed wire and horns;
• Unsuitable handling facilities;
• Badly designed and constructed transport vehicles.
2. During slaughter:-

9
  Causing the animals to become excited and injuring themselves;
 Hitting or forcefully throwing the animal;
 Dragging the carcass along the ground, alive or dead.

Improving animal welfare is necessary to reduce suffering, in line

with requirements of Governments, NGOs, and consumers, who are
becoming more concerned with welfare of food animals. Better conditions of
livestock operations will also improve safety of workers in the livestock and
meat industry.

Slaughter of Livestock Handling and Stages

1. Pre-slaughter handling

Pre-slaughter handling is a major

concern to the livestock
industry. Stress applied to livestock
before slaughter can lead to
undesirable effects on
the meat produced from these
animals. Pre-slaughter stress can be
reduced by preventing the mixing of
different groups of animals, by
keeping livestock cool with adequate
ventilation, and by avoiding overcrowding. Before slaughter, animals should
be allowed access to water but held off feed for 12 to 24 hours to assure
complete bleeding and ease of evisceration (the removal of internal organs).

2. Stunning

As the slaughter process begins, livestock are restrained in a chute

that limits physical movement of the animal. Once restrained, the animal is
stunned to ensure a humane end with no pain. Stunning also results in
decreased stress of the animal and superior meat quality.

The three most common methods of stunning

are mechanical, electrical, and carbon dioxide (CO2) gas. The end result of
each method is to render the animal unconscious. Mechanical stunning
involves firing a bolt through the skull of the animal using a pneumatic
device or pistol. Electrical stunning passes a current of electricity through
the brain of the animal. CO2 stunning exposes the animal to a mixture of
CO2 gas, which acts as an anesthetic. Captive bolt stunning for cattle is used
to ensure a death with less suffering than in-killing method used earlier.

3. Slaughtering

10
 After stunning, animals are usually suspended by a hind limb and
moved down a conveyor line for the slaughter procedures. They are typically
bled (a process called sticking or exsanguination) by the insertion of a knife
into the thoracic cavity and severance of the carotid artery and jugular vein.
This method allows for maximal blood removal from the body.

SUMMARY

Stress in its many forms, e.g. deprivation of water or food, rough

handling, exhaustion due to transporting over long distances, mixing of
animals reared separately resulting in fighting, is unacceptable from an
animal welfare viewpoint and should also be avoided because of its
deleterious effects on meat quality. The most serious consequence of stress
is death which is transported in poorly ventilated, overcrowded trucks in hot
weather. From loading on the farm to the stunning pen animals must be
treated kindly, and the Lorries, lairages and equipment for livestock
handling must be designed to facilitate humane treatment.

Practice Task 1

Visit a cattle farm; evaluate the beef cattle preparation before market that
they have in their farm.

1. How will you describe the beef cattle ready for market?
Use the criteria below in your evaluation. Use five (5) as the highest
score and one as the lowest score. Check the appropriate description.

BEEF CATTLE CHARACTERISTICS 5 4 3 2 1

1. Beef cattle size and weight/frame score is
evident before market

2. Humane handling, transport is observed

3. Beef cattle are strong, healthy and fat

4. Complete the statement below

From the analysis of the farm practices, I can conclude that the
market disposal preparations of beef cattle are:
_______ observed

11
 _______not observed

Practice Task 2

From the visit conducted to the farm interview the cattle owner
about their manner of handling, transporting and slaughter of their animal.
Jot down on the short bond paper their way of observing the code for
humane handling, transporting and slaughtering the beef cattle.

Scoring Rubric

Criteria Outstanding Very Good Poor Total

(5) (3) (1)
Content All the 5 of the Only a few of
market market the criterion
disposal disposal are observed
criteria are criteria are
observed observed
Readability Handwriting Handwriting Handwriting
is clear and is slightly is unclear
readable unclear
Neatness The answer Paper shows Erasures can
sheet is free deletion of be seen
of erasure some words constantly
Total score

Practice Task 3

Answer the questions below after watching a video about stunning and
slaughtering of livestock.

1. What are the proper handling techniques in stunning and

slaughtering the livestock?

2. Why is proper handling of beef cattle in stunning and slaughtering

needs to be followed?

3. If you were preparing your cattle for market disposal, how will you
ensure that humane handling, transporting, stunning and
slaughtering are observed in a certain beef cattle production?

Scoring Rubric
Criteria Outstanding Very good Poor Score
(5) (3) (1)

12
Content Answers all Able to Shows limited
the 3 answer at knowledge in
questions least 2 answering the
correctly and questions 3 questions
with sense correctly
Clarity Clear Several ideas unclear
concepts of of humane concepts of
humane handling, humane
handling, transporting, handling,
transporting, stunning and transporting,
stunning and slaughtering stunning and
slaughtering were slaughtering
presented presented were
presented
Neatness Paper are free There are Paper is
from erasures minor unclean due
erasures on to erasures
the paper
Total Score:

Post Test:

Modified true or False

Directions: Read the statements below. Write true if the statement is

correct, if it is false change the underlined word or group of words to make
the statement it correct.

1. To measure the cattle fat both for grass and grain finishing program
use a tape measure.
2. Stunning stress can be reduced by preventing the mixing of the
different groups of animal.
3. Animals intended for slaughter should follow the National Meat
Inspection guidelines for resting of animals prior to slaughter.
4. Transport vehicle must have communication equipment and first aid
kit.
5. Avoiding unsuitable handling facilities after slaughter is necessary.
6. A medium steer having a frame of 4 must weight 1100lbs.
7. Fattened cattle is ready for market 6 months after purchase if it
weighs 275 to 325 kg
8. Electrical Stunning for cattle is used to ensure a death with less
suffering than in-killing method.
9. Do not market sick animal.

10.GAHP aims to set out general principles of good practice in the

farming of animals.

13
ASSIGNMENT:

Write an essay about your view of beef cattle preparations for market
disposal of feed cattle(marketing fattened cattle, humane handling,
transporting, stunning and slaughtering)

EVALUATION:

Your work will be evaluated by your teacher using the following

criteria:

Appropriateness to the topic- 30%

Clarity of the explanation-20%

Fairness in the understanding of the topic- 20

Coherence of your explanation/view-20%

Neatness 10 %

TOTAL SCORE: 100%

REFERENCES:

https://bai.gov.ph/gahp/index.php/philippine-national-standards/send/3-
gahp-standards/7-pns-bafs-200-2017-code-of-good-animal-husbandry-
practice-for-beef-cattle-and-buffalo

https://www.animalhealth.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/DISP-08-
FINAL24Aug15.pdf

file:///C:/Downloads/PNS-BAFPS%2060-2008-Code%20GAHP.pdf

http://www.fao.org/3/T0279E/T0279E04.html

https://www.accc.gov.au/system/files/ACCC%20Cattle%20and%20beef
%20market%20studyFinal%20report.pdf

https://agrifarming.in/cattle fattening

https://www.grass-fed-solutions.com/beef-cattle-slaughter-weight.html

http://www.fao.org/3/a-x6909e.pdf

14
Key to Correction

PRE-TEST POST TEST

1. B 1. Carpenter’s level
2. C 2. Pre-slaughter stress
3. D 3. True
4. B 4. True
5. A 5. Before slaughter
6. True
7. True
8. Captive bolt stunning
9. True
10.True

15
NAME:________________________________ School:__________________________

Grade & Section:______________________ Date Received:____________________

Name of Teacher:______________________ Date Submitted:__________________

Name of Adviser:_______________________ Quarter:_________________________

ANSWER SHEET

MODULE 1: Prepare Animals for Market Disposal Following Instruction of

Authorities

PRE-TEST
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Practice Task 1

Visit a cattle farm; evaluate the beef cattle preparation before market that
they have in their farm.

2. How will you describe the beef cattle ready for market?
Use the criteria below in your evaluation. Use five (5) as the highest
score and one as the lowest score. Check the appropriate description.

BEEF CATTLE CHARACTERISTICS 5 4 3 2 1

5. Beef cattle size and weight/frame score is
evident before market

6. Humane handling, transport is observed

7. Beef cattle are strong, healthy and fat

8. Complete the statement below

From the analysis of the farm practices, I can conclude that the
market disposal preparations of beef cattle are:
_______ observed
_______not observed

Practice Task 2

From the visit conducted to the farm interview the cattle owner
about their manner of handling, transporting and slaughter of their animal.

16
Jot down on the short bond paper their way of observing the code for
humane handling, transporting and slaughtering the beef cattle.

Scoring Rubric

Criteria Outstanding Very Good Poor Total

(5) (3) (1)
Content All the 5 of the Only a few of
market market the criterion
disposal disposal are observed
criteria are criteria are
observed observed
Readability Handwriting Handwriting Handwriting
is clear and is slightly is unclear
readable unclear
Neatness The answer Paper shows Erasures can
sheet is free deletion of be seen
of erasure some words constantly
Total score

Practice Task 3

Answer the questions below after watching a video about stunning and
slaughtering of livestock.

4. What are the proper handling techniques in stunning and

slaughtering the livestock?

5. Why is proper handling of beef cattle in stunning and slaughtering

needs to be followed?

6. If you were preparing your cattle for market disposal, how will you
ensure that humane handling, transporting, stunning and
slaughtering are observed in a certain beef cattle production?

Scoring Rubric
Criteria Outstanding Very good Poor Score
(5) (3) (1)
Content Answers all Able to Shows limited
the 3 answer at knowledge in
questions least 2 answering the
correctly and questions 3 questions
with sense correctly

17
Clarity Clear Several ideas unclear
concepts of of humane concepts of
humane handling, humane
handling, transporting, handling,
transporting, stunning and transporting,
stunning and slaughtering stunning and
slaughtering were slaughtering
presented presented were
presented
Neatness Paper are free There are Paper is
from erasures minor unclean due
erasures on to erasures
the paper
Total Score:

Post Test:

Modified true or False

Directions: Read the statements below. Write true if the statement is

correct, if it is false change the underlined word or group of words to make
the statement it correct.

10. To measure the cattle fat both

for grass and grain finishing program use a tape measure.
11. Stunning stress can be
reduced by preventing the mixing of the different groups of animal.
12. Animals intended for slaughter
should follow the National Meat Inspection guidelines for resting of
animals prior to slaughter.
13. Transport vehicle must have
communication equipment and first aid kit.
14. Avoiding unsuitable handling
facilities after slaughter is necessary.
15. A medium steer having a frame
of 4 must weight 1100lbs.
16. Fattened cattle is ready for
market 6 months after purchase if it weighs 275 to 325 kg
17. Electrical Stunning for cattle is
used to ensure a death with less suffering than in-killing method.
18. Do not market sick animal.

10.GAHP aims to set out general principles of good practice in the

farming of animals.

18
ASSIGNMENT:

Write an essay about your view of beef cattle preparations for market
disposal of feed cattle (marketing fattened cattle, humane handling,
transporting, stunning and slaughtering)

EVALUATION:

Your work will be evaluated by your teacher using the following

criteria:

Appropriateness to the topic- 30%

Clarity of the explanation-20%

Fairness in the understanding of the topic- 20

Coherence of your explanation/view-20%

Neatness 10 %

TOTAL SCORE: 100%

19
[email protected]

20