C: max.
0,08
Cr: 17,0 - 19,0
1.4541
Ni: 9,0 - 12,0 X6CrNiTi 18-10
Ti: ³ 5C (max. 0,7)
1.4541 Typical applications
- automotive industry
Chromium-nickel austenitic stainless steel - building and construction industry
stabilised with titanium - chemical industry
- food and beverage industry
Relevant current and obsolete standards:
- aviation and aerospace
· EN 10088-3 : 1.4541 X6CrNiTi 18-10
- mechanical engineering
· AISI : 321
· BS : 321 S51 Note: - available from stock
· JIS : 321 - supplied in accordance with the
· AFNOR : Z6CNT 18-10 Z-30.3-6 building regulation
· DIN 17440 : 1.4541
· SIS : 2337 Processing
· Luftfahrt : WL 1.4544 - automated machining : no
- machinable : yes
Special grade for particular use
- hammer and die forging : yes
- cold forming : yes
-
- cold heading : yes
- suited to polishing : no
General properties
- corrosion resistance : good Finished product forms and conditions
- mechanical properties : average
· wire rod
- forgeability : average
· peeled bars Æ 20 - 80
- weldability : excellent
· bright bar h9, Æ 2 - 80
- machinability : poor
· bright coils h9, Æ 0,8 - 20
· solution annealed and quenched
Special properties
· pickled
- non-magnetic grade (mr £ 1,3) · drawn
- Suitable for use up to 850°C · straightened
· peeled
Physical Properties
· ground
3
- density (kg/dm ) : 7,9
- electrical resistivity Demand tendency â
2
at 20°C (W mm /m) : 0,73
- magnetisability : slight
- thermal conductivity
at 20°C (W/m K) : 15
- specific heat capacity
at 20°C (J/kg K) : 500
- coefficient of thermal
-6 -1
expansion (10 K )
between 20 and 100°C : 16,0
20 and 200°C : 16,5
20 and 300°C : 17,0
20 and 400°C : 17,5
20 and 500°C : 18,0
Revision No. 4541-0
Created: 21.02.2000
Properties, applications and processing
temperatures. The following minimum tensile
Corrosion resistance (PRE = 17,0 to 19,0) properties at various temperatures are specified
1.4541 displays excellent resistance to corrosion in the EN 10088-3 : 1995 standard.
in most natural waters (rural and industrial), pro- 225
vided the chloride, salt and concentrations of
hydrochloric and organic acids are low.
200
Since this grade of stainless steel is still resistant
Minimum proof stress (N/mm )
2
to intergranular corrosion after welding, i.e. in the 1% proof stress
sensitised condition, corrosion testing in accor- 175
dance with the following corrosion testing specifi-
cations, are sufficient to establish resistance to 150
corrosion:
0.2% proof stress
AFNOR NF 05-159 125
ASTM A262-75. Practice E
DIN EN ISO 3651-2 100
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
Test temperature ( C)
Resistance to high temperature exposure
The following maximum temperatures for con-
tinuos exposure to elevated temperature should
be adhered to:
- 850°C in oxidising atmospheres
- 750°C in oxidising atmospheres that contain
sulphur. Forging
Usually heated to within the range 1150 - 1180°C
Heat treatment / mechanical properties to allow forging which takes place at tempera-
Optimal mechanical and fabrication properties tures between 1180 und 950°C. Forging is fol-
are realised after solution annealing in the tem- lowed by water.
perature range 1075 - 1125°C followed by rapid
cooling in air or water. Machining
In the solution annealed condition, the following The formation of titanium carbo-nitrides in 1.4541
mechanical properties are typical. alters the machinability of this stainless steel
compared with the low carbon, titanium free vari-
Property Specification Typical ants, like 1.4307. The following cutting parame-
- yield strength (N/mm2) Rp0,2 : ³ 190 320
- tensile strength (N/mm2) Rm : 500 – 700 600 ters are thus proposed as a guideline when using
- tensile elongation (%) A5 : ³ 40 48 coated hard metal cutting tools.
- hardness HB : £ 215 200 Depth of cut (mm)
- impact energy (J) @ 25°C ISO-V : ³ 100 200 Tensile strengths Feed rate (mm/rev)
Rm in N/mm2 6 mm 3 mm 1 mm
0,5 mm/r 0,4 mm/r 0,2 mm/r
Welding solution annealed
(590 - 650) 95 m/min 100 m/min 135 m/min
1.4541 is weldable with all processes, except gas
welding, either with or without the use of filler General comments:
material. If the use of a filler metal is required, Due to advances in the production of stainless
then the use of Novonitâ 4316 or 4551 would be steels, low carbon variants (1.4307) have re-
recommended. Post weld heat treatment is not placed the titanium stabilised grades of stainless
necessary. Maximum inter-pass temperature steel. In addition to minimising the possibility of
200°C. Any heat tint that forms must be removed sensitisation during welding or high temperature
by pickling or suitable mechanical process fol-
processing, the low carbon (£ 0.03%C) grades
lowed by passivating to restore corrosion resis-
have overcome the poor surface problems com-
tance.
monly experienced with the titanium stabilised
grades. Despite this, continues to be used as a
Elevated temperature properties ‘traditional’ stainless steel grade. It should also be
Apart from its good corrosion resistance, 1.4541 noted that the corrosion resistance is no better or
is characterised by its high strength at elevated worse than the low carbon variant 1.4307.
Revision No. 4541-0
Created: 21.02.2000
