NURSING INFORMATICS
Management Information System In The Healthcare
Definitions:
• System- A collection of components that work together to achieve a common
objective
• Information System- A system that provides information support to the decision-
making process at each level of an organization.
• Health Information System- A system that integrates data collection, processing,
reporting, and use of the information necessary for improving health service
effectiveness and efficiency through better management at all levels of health
services.
Critical Nurse
Is responsible to ensure that critically ill patients are seriously conditioned
individuals.
Ensure that families of the medically ill patients should receive optimal care.
Rely upon a dedicated knowledge, skills and experience and of course
automated system of support and intelligent system to provide care to patient
and families and create environments that are healing, compassionate and
caring.
Critical Care Applications
Areas where patients require complex assessment, high-intensity medication,
continuous therapy and interventions, and unrelenting nursing attention and
continuous watchfulness.
The Critical Care Information System (CCIS) is the most comprehensive source of
wide information on access to critical care, quality of care and outcomes for
critically ill patients.
1. Provide real-time resource utilization data and management of information
and access critical care areas through the integration of the medical facilities in
the critical care or intensive care unit to an intelligent computer system which is
capable of processing all data.
2. Enables the electronic collection of hospital and patient-specific critical care
data of the entire patient in the critical care areas which can be processed to
create a patient profile which generate real time and historical report on
indicators including bed occupancy, delayed discharges, readmission rates, and
outcomes.
3. Automated collection and management of medical information will become
the important task of the critical care information system.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY CAPABILITIES AND APPLICATIONS IN CRITICAL CARE
SETTINGS
Information technology in the critical care environment has several major
capabilities:
• Process, store, and integrate physiologic and diagnostic information from
various sources
• Present deviations from preset ranges by an alarm or an alert
• Accept and store patient care documentation in a lifetime clinical repository
• Trend data in a graphical presentation
• Provide clinical decision support through alerts, alarms, and protocols
• Provide access to vital patient information from any location, both inside and
outside of the critical care setting
• Comparatively evaluate patients for outcomes analysis
• Present clinical data based on concept-oriented views (organize data by
patient problem or by system).
Nursing Informatics in Ambulatory Care Information System
Ambulatory Care
•Covers a wide range of health care services that are provided for patients who
are not admitted overnight to a hospital.
•These services are performed at outpatient clinics, urgent care centers,
emergency rooms, ambulatory or same-day surgery centers, diagnostic and
imaging centers, primary care centers, community health centers, occupational
health centers, mental health clinics, and group practices.
Ambulatory Care Information System
•Provides automated processing of data and information such as allergies and
medical alerts, patients accounting system such as charging, billing, discounts
and concessions, diagnostics imaging treatments, and etc.
•With this system, the patient waiting time is optimized through effective queue
management.
•It involves one-time registration required per visit. It also facilitates the
management of doctors schedule.
Sites where ambulatory care can be delivered include:
• Doctor’s surgeries (known as doctor’s offices in American English): This is the
most common site for the delivery of ambulatory care in many countries,
and usually consists of a physician’s visit. Physicians of many specialties
deliver ambulatory care. These physicians include specialists in family
medicine, internal medicine, obstetrics, gynaecology, cardiology,
gastroenterology, endocrinology, ophthalmology, and dermatology.
• Clinics: Including ambulatory care clinics, polyclinics, ambulatory surgery
centers, and urgent care centres.
- These centers are designed to evaluate and treat conditions that are
not severe enough to require treatment in a hospital emergency
department but still require treatment beyond normal physician office
hours or before a physician appointment is available.
• Hospitals: Including emergency departments and other hospital-based
services such as day surgery services and mental health services.
- Hospital emergency departments: Some visits to emergency
departments result in hospital admission, so these would be considered
emergency medicine visits rather than ambulatory care. Most visits to
hospital emergency departments, however, do not require hospital
admission.
• Non-medical institution-based settings: Including school and prison health;
vision, dental and pharmaceutical care
Advantages of Ambulatory Care Information System
•Real-time and easy access to patient’s medical records by healthcare
providers.
•Improved workflow, which allows more time for comprehensive patient
counseling and review.
•Reduced errors with the availability of various automation engines – drug
interaction engine; medical alert engine; patient billing engine, etc.
•Automated and integrated back-end process such as pharmacy, billing,
purchasing, inventory management, etc.
•Improved clinical outcome analysis – enhanced research productivity
through data mining and facilitate institutional handling of managed care
challenges in a timely manner. •Improvement in hospital inventory
management.
•Better monitoring and management of costs – prescription, consumables,
doctor’s fees, etc
Issues in Ambulatory Care Information System
•Increased accountability
•The need for continuous support
•Privacy and confidentiality of information
•Accessibility and security of data and information
•Integration and support to the other system
The Role of Nurse Using Information System in the Ambulatory Care System
•The very basic objective of the automated ambulatory care information system
is to easily integrate the data to the other data and easily translate these data
into information.
•The effective transformation of data can be integrated to the other processes
to transform it into knowledge.
•The ambulatory care nurse and other health care provider should be capable
enough to implement the process effectively.
Community Health Information System Overview
•Collective term for the methodical application of information science and
technology to community and public health process.
•Focuses on the health information system of the community, it is centered on the
majority part of the public.
•Emphasizes the prevention of the disease, medical intervention and public
awareness.
•Fulfils a unique role in the community, promoting and protecting the health of
the community at the same time maintaining sustainability and integrity of health
data and information.
Goal of Community Health Informatics
•Effective and timely assessment that involves monitoring and tracking the health
status of populations including identifying and controlling disease outbreaks and
epidemics.
Community Health Nursing
•Comprehensive directed towards the majority of individuals, families, and the
community at large.
Community Health Application System
•Encourages optimal application of computer system, computer programs and
communication system for the benefit of majority of individuals, families and
community.
Advantages of Integration of Community Health Systems
•Disease tracking
•Data and information sharing
•Building strategies
•Early detection and monitoring of disease and sickness
•Control of spread of disease
•National alertness and preparedness
•Building strong communication
•Maintaining strong relation between nurses and other healthcare provider
•Continuous coordination of the healthcare professionals
•Effective management of data and information
•Optimal operation of hospital and clinics
